THE PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE

FORM: short infinitive of the verb + -s/-es for the 3rd per.sg.
e.g to play

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

I play Do I play ? I don’t play
You play Do you play? You don’t play
He plays Does he play ? He doesn’t play
She plays Does she play ? She doesn’t play
It plays Does it play ? It doesn’t play
We play Do we play ? We don’t play
You play Do you play ? You don’t play
They play Do they play ? They don’t play
Obs.
1. verbele terminate în -o de obicei primesc - es pentru pers. a III-a sg. :
e.g.I go – he goes
I do - he does

2. verbele terminate în sunete care nu mai permit pronunţia a încă unui –s, primesc tot –es
la pers. a III-a sg., care se citeşte [iz] :
(-s, - ss, -sh,-ch,-tch,-x,etc)
e.g. I wash- he washes

3. verbele terminate în –y precedat de o consoana, schimbă –y în –i şi apoi se adaugă –es :

e.g.. I try – he tries
I cry – he cries
Dar :
I play – he plays
USE:
1. pentru a exprima adevăruri general valabile ,eterne sau pentru o afirmaţie de o validitate
generală:

e.g. Birds fly.

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Three and three make six.

2.Pentru a exprima acţiuni repetate , obişnuite, permanente. În acest caz întâlnim adverbe ca :
Every day/week/ season/two minutes/Sunday/Christmas/morning etc.
Never, occasionally, often, sometimes, seldom, usually, always, regularly, frequently,
currently, etc.
In summer/ winter etc. ………………. On Monday(s)/ Tuesday(s)
In the morning/in the afternoon/ in the evening/ at night/at noon
Once a day/ a week etc…..twice a day/ a month…three times a day/ a year etc.

e.g. I have English classes twice a week.

He usually starts work at 7.30
3.Pentru a exprima o acţiune oficial planificată sau acţiuni aparţinând unui orar stabilit:
e.g. The train leaves at 8.30. / The championship starts next Saturday.
 THE PRESENT TENSE CONTINUOUS

FORM: S + TO↓ BE + VB + ING

At present

Aff. Interr. Neg.

I am playing. /I’m playing Am I playing? I am not / I’m not playing.

You are playing.
He / she / it is playing.
We are playing
You are playing.
They are playing.
Are you playing? You are not / aren’t playing.
Is he/ she/ it playing? He / she / it is not / isn’t playing.
Are we playing? We
Are you playing? You are not / aren’t playing.
Are they playing? They

☻ Dance → dancing lie – lying ski - skiing

Get → getting die- dying

USE:

1) Pt. acţiuni care au loc în momentul vorbirii. ADV: NOW, at the / this moment

Eg: He is writing a letter now.

2) Pt. acţiuni planificate în prezent şi care vor avea loc într-un viitor apropiat.

Eg: We are going to the mountains this weekend.

3) Pt. acţiuni temporare.

Eg: I usually go to work by car but this week I’m going by bus.

4) Pt. acţiuni care irită vorbitorul.

Eg: He is always talking during my classes!

5) Cu GET şi GROW pt. a exprima trecerea de la o stare la alta.

Eg: It is getting dark.

He is growing taller.

THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

 FORM: HAVE + the 3rd form of the verb to work / buy
At present
worked / bought

Aff. Interr. Neg.

I have bought / worked. Have I bought / worked? I haven’t bought / worked.

You have bought / worked.
He/ she/ it has bought /worked.
worked.
We have bought / worked.
You have bought / worked.
They have bought / worked.
Have you bought / worked?
Has he/ she/ it bought / worked?
Have we bought / worked?
Have you bought / worked?
Have they bought / worked?
You haven’t bought / worked.
He/ she/ it hasn’t bought /
We haven’t bought / worked.
You haven’t bought / worked.
They haven’t bought / worked.

USE:
1)Pentru acţiuni care au avut loc în trecut dar la care:

● NU SE PRECIZEAZĂ CLAR MOMNETUL CÂND AU AVUT LOC.

● NU NE INTERESEAZĂ CÂND AU AVUT LOC CI CONSECINŢELE, REZULTATELE LOR ÎN
PREZENT.

Eg: We have visited an interesting museum. ( Noi am vizitat un muzeu interesant.)

Eg: We visited an interesting museum last week. (Noi am vizitat....)

2) Pentru acţiuni care au început în trecut, continuă în prezent şi poate vor mai continua
şi în viitor. Eg: Many pupils have studied in this school.

3) Cu adverbe exprimând o perioadă de timp nedeterminată.

Adverbe: EVER (vreodată), NEVER, ALWAYS, SOMETIMES, OCCASIONALLY, OFTEN.

Eg: I have never been to New York. ▬ Nu am vizitat niciodată New York-ul.

4) Cu adverbe exprimând o perioadă de timp neîncheiată.

TODAY
 THIS / week / month / year / autumn etc. ALL day / night
THESE / weeks / months / years / last minutes etc.

Eg: I have written an e-mail today.

☻I wrote an e-mail today in the morning. ( now it’s noon )

5) Cu JUST (tocmai), ALREADY (deja), YET (Încă).

Eg: He has just finished his lunch.

Have you already seen this movie?
I haven’t eaten yet.

6) Cu LATELY / OF LATE (în ultima vreme / în ultimul timp)

RECENTLY
UP TO NOW / SO FAR (până acum / deocamdată) / UP TO THE PRESENT (până
în prezent)
Eg: I haven’t seen him lately.

7) Cu SINCE şi FOR

Arată momentul de Arată perioada de timp.

Început al acţiunii.

2008 2 min
July 10 days
SINCE 17th of February FOR 3 years
Summer a long time
Last week for ages? ( de secole)
You left

Eg: He has taught in this school for 2 years.

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 FORM: HAVE + been + vb. + ing.

(+) () (?)

I have (I’ve) been working.
You have been working.
She /He / It has been working.
working?
We have been working.
You have been working.
They have been working.
I haven’t been working. Have I been working?
You haven’t been working. Have you been working?
She/ He /It hasn’t been working. Has she/ he/ it been
We haven’t been working. Have we been working?
You haven’t been working. Have you been working?
They haven’t been working. Have they been working?

USE:
1) Pentru acţiuni care au început în trecut şi s-au desfăşurat în mod continuu până în
prezent, incluzând momentul prezent.
Eg: Mother has been watering the flowers for 10 minutes.
Mama udă florile de 10 minute.

2) Pentru acțiuni care au început și s-au terminat în trecut, care au durat ceva timp și al căror
rezultate sunt vizibile în prezent.
Eg. He is dirty. He has been playing football.

THE PAST TENSE SIMPLE

Regular verbs: Vb. + ed

FORM:
 Irregular verbs: forma a II-a a
verbului
(+)
I / You / She / He / It / We / You / They…….worked / drank.
(?)
Did I / You / She / He / It / We / You / They……. work / drink.
()
I / You / She / He / It / We / You / They…….didn’t work / drink.
OBS:! Terminaţia „ed” se citeşte: [ t ] : worked, stopped
[ d ] : called, cried, remembered
[ id ] : wanted, needed
USE:
1) Pentru acţiuni care au avut loc în trecut, s-au desfăşurat în trecut şi s-au terminat în
trecut fără nici o legătură cu prezentul.
ADVERBS: yesterday, the day before yesterday
last week / year/ month / Sunday /
20 minutes / 2 years / five days/ a long time….ago
in 2005, in July
Eg :We went to Braşov last Sunday.

2). Pentru obiceiuri din trecut .

Eg: Grandma drank 2 cups of tea a day.

3) După: wish Eg: I wish I had a Mercedes.

as if / as though cu referire He speaks as if he were a doctor.
it’s (high) time la present *Be are formele were la toate
if only persoanele

4) După: would rather ( mai degrabă ) cu subiecţi diferiţi.

Eg: I would rather you played than watched TV.

THE PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS

FORM: TO BE + vb. + ing

 at
Past

(+)
I was drinking.
You were drinking.
She / he / it was drinking.
We were drinking.
You were drinking.
They were drinking.
(?) ( -)
Was I drinking? I wasn’t drinking.
Were you drinking? You weren’t drinking.
Was she / he / it drinking? She / he / it wasn’t drinking.
Were we drinking? We weren’t drinking.
Were you drinking? You weren’t drinking.
Were they drinking? They weren’t drinking.

USE:
1) Pentru acţiuni care s-au desfăşurat în mod continuu la un moment dat în trecut.
Eg: My brother was watching TV yesterday at 7 o’clock.

2) Pentru acţiuni care s-au desfăşurat în mod continuu la un moment dat în trecut şi care
au fost întrerupte de o altă acţiune trecută, dar simplă.
Eg: My brother was watching TV when his friends came to see him, yesterday at 7 o’clock.

3) Pentru două sau mai multe acţiuni aflate în desfăşurare în mod continuu în
acelaşi timp la un moment dat in trecut.
While =în timp ce
Eg: My brother was watching TV while his friends were playing football and I was cooking
dinner.

4) Pentru acţiuni care iritau vorbitorul în trecut.

Eg: He was always talking during my classes!

THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

 FORM: TO HAVE + forma a III -a verbului Eg: begin - began - begun

at Past
(+) (?) ()
I had begun. Had I begun? I hadn’t begun.
You had begun. Had you begun? You hadn’t begun.
She / he / it had begun. Had she / he / it begun? She / he / it hadn’t begun.
We had begun. Had we begun? We hadn’t begun.
You had begun. Had you begun? You hadn’t begun.
They had begun. Had they begun? They hadn’t begun.

USE: Pas Pa Pre Fu

t Pf. st sen tu
t re

Present Pf.

1) Pentru acţiuni trecute care au avut loc înaintea unor alte acţiuni trecute sau moment trecut.
Eg: The boy explained that he had seen somebody in the garden.
ADVERBE: after, before, when, by the time, by.
Eg: After the guests had left we cleaned the house.
By 7 o’clock yesterday she had already done her homework.

2) Cu JUST, ALREADY, YET, când punctul de referinţă este în trecut.

Eg: I phoned your mother yesterday and she told me you had just left.

3) Cu HARDLY, BARELY (de abia), SCARCELY (abia/aproape deloc)….….. when +

inversiune.
NO SOONER (nu mai devreme)……….than.
Eg: Hardly had I arrived home when my boss called and told me to go back to work.
No sooner had she received the e-mail than she was back home.
4) După : wish
as if/ as though
if only
it’s (high) time
would rather (cu subiecti diferiti)
e.g.
He wishes he hadn’t met her. ( Isi doreste sa nu o fi cunoscut)
They act as if they had seen a ghost. ( Se poarta ca si cum ar fi vazut o fantoma)

THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORM: TO BE + vb.+ ing. Eg: To do

 at Past Pf.

(+) () (?)

I had been doing. I hadn’t been doing. Had I been doing?

You had been doing.
She /he / it had been doing.
We had been doing.
You had been doing.
They had been doing.
You hadn’t been doing.
She/he/it hadn’t been doing.
We hadn’t been doing.
You hadn’t been doing.
They hadn’t been doing.
Had you been doing?
Had she/he/it been doing?
Had we been doing?
Had you been doing?
Had they been doing?

USE:
Pas Pre Fu
t Pf. Past sen tu
t re

Past Pf. Present

continuous Pf.

1. Pt acțiuni care au început în trecut înaintea lator acțiuni trecute sau moment în trecut și
care s-au desfășurat în mod continuu până în acel moment/acțiune:

Eg: It had been raining for 2 hours when I arrived home.

(Ploua de 2 ore când am ajuns acasă.)

♦ It was raining when I arrived home.

(Ploua când am ajuns acasă.)
2. Pentru acțiuni care au durat pentru ceva timp în trecut și ale căror rezultate au fost vizibile
în trecut:
Eg. It had been raining the whole day yesterday that’s why the roads were wet.