The Human Body System

 The Skeletal System

- The skeletal system is your body's central framework. It consists of bones
and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. It is a
network of many different parts that work together to help you move. The
main part of your skeletal system consists of your bones, hard structures
that create your body's framework the skeleton. There are 206 bones in an
adult human skeleton.

The skeletal system is the body system composed of bones and cartilage and
performs the following critical functions for the human body:
 Supports the body.
 Facilitates movement.
 Protects internal organs.
 Produces blood cells.
 Stores and releases minerals and fat.
 The Muscular System
- The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, and
cardiac muscle. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and
circulates blood throughout the body. The muscular systems in vertebrates
are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles can be
completely autonomous. It is composed of specialized cells called muscle
fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to
bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement.

The 5 main functions of the muscular system are the following;

 Movement
 Support
 Protection
 Heat generation
 Blood circulation
 The Integumentary System
- The integumentary system is the set of organs forming the outermost layer
of an animal's body. It comprises the skin and its appendages, which act as
a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal
environment that it serves to protect and maintain the body of the animal.
Integumentary means "forming a tough, protective layer." Your
integumentary system includes your skin, hair, and fingernails, while your
cat's is made up of his fur, skin, whiskers, and claws. Even plants have an
integumentary system of hairs and an epidermis. All of these structures
keep the organism safe.

Integumentary System is a complex organ that performs a variety of crucial

functions such as;

 Protection
 Sensation
 Regulation
 Absorption
 Excretion
 Vitamin D synthesis
 Aesthetic
 Social functions.
 The Digestive System
- The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the
accessory organs of digestion. Digestion involves the breakdown of food
into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and
assimilated into the body. It is where your body breaks down food and
absorbs nutrients. The digestive system is a long, twisting tube that starts at
the mouth and goes through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine and ends at the anus.

The five primary functions of the digestive system are:

 The ingestion of food through the mouth.

 The mechanical breakdown of ingested food into small particles.
 The chemical digestion of food particles with the help of chemicals and
enzymes that are secreted into the different parts of the gastrointestinal
tract.
 The absorption of nutrients from the digested food, which occurs mainly in
the intestine.
 The removal of digested food through the process of defecation.
 The Respiratory System
- The respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs
and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy
and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size
of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary
history. The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that
help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels. The
muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system.
These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean
out waste gases like carbon dioxide.

The main function of Respiratory System includes;

 Gas exchange- O2 and CO2 exchanged between blood + air

 Communication- speech, laughing, crying
 Olfaction- ability to smell
 Acid-base balance- influences pH of body fluids by eliminating CO2
 Blood pressure regulation- help synthesize angiotensin II
 Blood and lymph flow- breathing creates pressure gradients between
thorax and abdomen
 Blood filtration- help filter and dissolve clots
 Expulsion of abdominal contents- breath-holding assists in urination,
defecation, and childbirth
 The Urinary System
- The urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system,
consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of
the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood
volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites,
and regulate blood ph. Your urinary system, also called the renal system or
urinary tract, removes waste from your blood, in the form of urine. It also
helps regulate your blood volume and pressure and controls the level of
chemicals and salts (electrolytes) in your body's cells and blood.

Kidney and urinary system parts and their functions

 Remove waste products and medicines from the body.

 Balance the body's fluids.
 Balance a variety of electrolytes.
 Release hormones to control blood pressure.
 Release a hormone to control red blood cell production.
 Help with bone health by controlling calcium and phosphorus.
 The Circulatory System
- The blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart,
blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a
human or other vertebrate. It includes the cardiovascular system, or
vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels. The
circulatory system is made up of blood vessels that carry blood away from
and towards the heart. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins
carry blood back to the heart. The circulatory system carries oxygen,
nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products, like carbon
dioxide.

Functions of the Circulatory system:

 Circulates oxygen and removes Carbon Dioxide.

 Provides cells with nutrients.
 Removes the waste products of metabolism to the excretory organs for
disposal.
 Protects the body against disease and infection.
 Clotting stops bleeding after injury.
 The Nervous System
- In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that
coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to
and from different parts of its body. The nervous system includes the brain,
spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves. This system sends messages
back and forth between the brain and the body. The brain is what controls
all the body's functions.

The nervous system controls:

 Brain growth and development.

 Sensations (such as touch or hearing)
 Perception (the mental process of interpreting sensory information)
 Thought and emotions.
 Learning and memory.
 Movement, balance, and coordination.
 Sleep.
 Healing and rehabilitation.
 Compilation of the Human
Body System

Submitted by: Andrea Collin M. Torres

Submitted to: Sir. Amante
Grade 6 Cheerful