Human Body System

Cell- basic unit of life

Tissue- group of similar cells
carrying out similar or related
functions.
Organ- collection of tissues
grouped together performing a
common function.
System- consists of
functionally related organs.
Organism- individual living
entities.
Skeletal System (bones)
Functions:
• provide support, movement and protection.
• -produce blood cells, and store minerals and fats.
Joints- part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow
movement.
Number of bones
Infant- 300 bones
Adult- 206 bones
Two parts of Human Skeleton
Axial Skeleton- skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
Appendicular Skeleton- bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders
and hips.
Muscular system (muscles)
Functions:
• Together with bones, muscles help us move.
• Maintain body posture when moving.
• Maintain the normal temperature of the body by producing heat whenever
movement occurs.
- Muscles contract and relax
- Peristalsis allows solid and liquid to move within the digestive and urinary tracts.
Types of Muscles
 Cardiac muscle (involuntary muscle)- heart muscles
 Smooth muscle (involuntary muscle) – muscles in the internal organ and blood
vessels.
 Skeletal muscle (voluntary muscle)- muscles attached to bones.
Involuntary muscle- functions are not controlled, perform automatic and
continuous activities even when resting or asleep.
Integumentary system (skin)
Important parts
-skin, nail, and hair
Functions:
• serves as cover and protection.
• Protects the body against sunlight, possible injuries, loss of water and UV rays.
• Helps eliminate waste, regulate body temperature and absorb Vitamin D and enable
you to feel and touch.
Layers of the Skin
1. Epidermis (outermost layer)- contains melanin (gives skin color), hair shaft and
pores.
- serves as waterproof barrier against external damage, dirt, UV rays and pollution.
2. Dermis (middle layer) – contains blood vessels, nerve endings, connective tissues,
hair follicles, oil glands, and sweat glands.
3. Subcutaneous fat (bottom layer)- mostly made of fat.
- serves as shock absorber of the body.
Digestive system (Stomach)
Functions:
• serves as cover and protection.
Digestion- converting food into nutrients that body can use for energy,
growth, and cell repair.
• Mechanical digestion (mouth)-physical process of breaking down
food by the help of teeth, tongue and saliva.
• Chemical digestion (stomach and intestines) –breaking down food
through the use of digestive juices and digestive enzyme.
Epiglottis serves as switch for either food or air.
-it closes when the food is being swallowed. When a person swallows
epiglottis folds backward to cover the entrance of the larynx so food
and liquid do not enter the windpipe and lungs.
Digestive system
Mouth- esophagus- stomach-small intestine- large intestine
Stomach – break down and digest food with the help of
digestive enzyme and hydrochloric acid.
Small intestine- final digestion where digestion is completed
and nutrients are absorbed by the bloodstream.
Large intestine- where undigested food goes and get rid off.
Respiratory System (lungs)
Important parts
-Nose, windpipe (trachea) and lungs
Functions:
• Takes charge of gas exchange required by the cells and body to live.
Respiration allows the exchange of gases within the cells through
inhaling and exhaling.
Inhale (breathe in) - oxygen
Exhale (breathe out) –carbon dioxide
Diaphragm-muscle under the lungs that contracts and relaxes during
inhaling and exhaling.
Circulatory System (heart)
Functions:
• Responsible for the distribution of nutrients and oxygen to the cells.
Heart- muscular organ that pumps blood.
Two Chambers of Heart
1. Atria –received oxygen-deficient blood
2. Ventricle - received oxygen-rich blood
Blood Vessels
3. Arteries
4. Veins
5. Capillaries
Circulatory System (heart)
Blood –fluid that distributes nutrients, oxygen, substances and
waste product.
Components of blood
• Red blood cell –transport oxygen to the body cells
• White blood cell – important in immune system because it
fight infection.
• Platelets – help clot the blood and close the wound.
Nervous System (brain)
Functions:
• Allows the body parts coordinate and communicate with the brain.
Central Nervous System –brain and spinal cord
Brain- directs all our body activities
Spinal cord- transmit messages between the brain and spinal nerves.
• Controls, processes information, and direct responses from different
body parts to protect and maintain the body.
Peripheral Nervous System - nerves
• Allows the CNS to receive and sen information to the different parts
of the body.