ANATOMY OF HUMAN

MOVEMENT AND PERFORMANCE

 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
• Review and understand the basic
structure and functions of human
body.
 WHAT IS ANATOMY?
• The study of the structure and shape of the body and body
parts & their relationships to one another.
• The term anatomy comes from the Greek words meaning to
cut (tomy) apart (ana).
Anatomy
• Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) – the study of large,
easily observable structures (by naked eye), such as the
heart or bone.
• Microscopic anatomy (cytology, histology) – the study of
very small structures, where a magnifying lens or microscope
is needed.
WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGY
• Physiology – the study of how the body and
its parts work or function
• Physio – nature
• Ology - the study of
 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN
BODY
1. Chemical Level
a. Atoms
Proton, Neutron, electrons
b. Molecules
Two or more atoms joined together by either
covalent or ionic bonds
Four biologically important organic molecules
in the human body.
a. Proteins which are made from 20 different
Amino Acids
b. Complex Carbohydrates made from simple
sugars
c. Nucleic Acids made for nucleotides
d. Lipids made from fatty acids and glycerol
2. Cells
Smallest structural and functional units of the
human body.

3. Tissues
• Group of cells and the materials surrounding
them that work together to perform a
particular function.
4. Organs
Composed of two or more tissues work together to provide
specific functions and they usually have specific shapes.
5. Organ systems
Consist of one or more organs that provide a common function.
• a. Integumentary system
• b. Skeletal system
• c. Muscular system
• d. Nervous system
• e. Endocrine system
• f. Cardiovascular system
• g. Lymphatic system
• h. Respiratory system
 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN
BODY - ORGAN SYSTEMS
a. The integumentary system includes your skin,
hair, subcutaneous fat and nails. The
integumentary system offers protection from
the environment, provides form and individual
recognition characteristics and aids in
temperature and water regulation.
b. The muscular system includes the
skeletal muscles but excludes smooth and
cardiac muscles, which are included in
other organ systems. The muscular system
provides locomotion and support, allows
us to manipulate our surroundings and -
due to its high metabolic activity -
produces heat.
c. The skeletal system is composed of
bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments and
tendons. Your skeleton provides
structural support and protection for
your internal organs. In cooperation
with your muscular system, your
skeletal system participates in
movement and locomotion.
d. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal
cord, autonomic and somatic nerves (i.e.,
involuntary and voluntary nerves) and all sensory
organs, including those that serve vision, smell,
sensation, balance, hearing and taste. Your nervous
system coordinates your movements and controls
your responses to both external and internal stimuli.
It serves as the storehouse and processing center
for memories, it regulates mood and it provides the
mechanisms for social interaction and development
e. Your endocrine system includes all the
glands in your body that make hormones.
These chemical messengers play a key role
in making sure your body works the way it
should.
f. The circulatory system, also called the
cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is
an organ system that permits blood to circulate
and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and
electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones,
and blood cells to and from the cells in the body
to provide nourishment and help in fighting
diseases, stabilize temperature and maintain
homeostasis
g. The lymphatic system is made up of the
lymphatic vessels, which travel with your blood
vessels, and the lymph nodes, where immune
cells are produced. The lymphatic system
returns a clear fluid called 'lymph' from your
tissues and organs to your heart. Lymph is
produced by the leakage of a small amount of
fluid from your blood vessels into the
surrounding tissues.
h. The respiratory system encompasses the organs of
breathing, which include your nose, pharynx (mouth),
larynx (throat), trachea (windpipe), bronchi and
bronchioles (airways), lungs and diaphragm. Your
sinuses, which are lined by the same type of cells that
line your upper airways, are included in the respiratory
system. Your respiratory system is the principal site of
gas exchange in your body. It is here that oxygen is
absorbed into to your bloodstream and carbon dioxide
is removed. Air moving through your respiratory
system also provides you with the ability to vocalize
(i.e., speak and sing).
 BASIC LIFE PROCESSES
1. Metabolism
Sum of all biochemical processes of cells,
tissues, organs, and organ systems
2. Responsiveness
Ability to detect and respond to changes in the
internal and external environment
3. Movement
Occurs at the intracellular, cellular, organ levels
4. Growth
Increase in number of cells, size of cells, tissues, organs, and
the body. Single cell to multicellular complex organism

5. Differentiation
Process a cell undergoes to develop from a unspecialized to a
specialized cell

6. Reproduction
Formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or
the production of a new individual.
 SPECIAL MOVEMENTS

FLEXION - movement that decreases the angle

at a joint
EXTENSION - movement that increases the
angle at a joint
HYPEREXTENSION - movement that goes
beyond the plane of extension
ROTATION - movement of a bone around its
own axis
ABDUCTION - movement of a body point away
from the midline
ADDUCTION - movement of a body point
towards the midline
CIRCUMDUCTION - movement where the distal
end of a bone moves in a circle
ELEVATION - upward movement
DEPRESSION - downward movement
PROTRACTION - outward/forward movement
RETRACTION - inward/backward movement
INVERSION - movement of the sole of the foot
inward
EVERSION - movement of the sole of the foot
outward
DORSIFLEXION - movement of the foot/toes
upward
PLANTAR FLEXION - movement of the foot/toes
downward
SUPINATION - movement of the palms of the
hand upward
PRONATION - movement of the palms of the
hand downward