Body Systems

Review
Digestive, Circulatory, Nervous, Excretory,
Respiratory, Skeletal, Muscular, Endocrine,
Integumentary & Reproductive
 Digestive
System
Major Organs: Functions:
• Mouth, • take in food
esophagus, (ingestion)
stomach, Sm.
• digest food into
intestine, Lg. smaller molecules and
intestine, rectum,
absorb nutrients
anus, salivary
glands, pancreas, • remove indigestible
liver, gall bladder food from body (feces)
 Mechanical Vs Chemical
Digestion
• Mechanical – increases surface
area for enzymes to work
better
• Mouth – teeth chewing
• Esophagus – peristalsis
(involuntary muscle movement
through a tube, like toothpaste)
• Stomach – muscles churning food
• Chemical – increases absorption
by breaking down nutrients into
small particles
• Mouth – Amylase enzyme breaks
down carbohydrates
• Stomach - pepsin breaks down
proteins
• Small intestine – Bile and Lipase
break down fats
 Circulatory
System
Major Functions:
Organs: • Transport
materials to and
• Heart from cells
• Veins • Materials such as
• Arteries O2, CO2, Glucose,
white blood cells,
cellular waste,
hormones
 Nervous
System
Major Functions:
Organs: • gathers and
• Brain interprets
information
• Spinal
cord • responds to
information
• helps maintain
homeostasis
 Excretory
System
Major Functions:
Organs: • removes waste
• Kidneys products from
cellular
• Ureters
metabolism (urea,
• Bladder water, CO2)
• Urethra • filters blood
 Respiratory
System
Major Functions:
Organs: • Takes in
• Lungs oxygen and
• Nose removes
carbon dioxide
• Trachea and water
• Bronchi
• Diaphram
 Skeletal
System
Major Functions:
Organs: • protects organs
• provides shape,
• Bones support
• Cartilage • Stores/release
materials (fats,
• Ligaments minerals)
• Tendons • produces blood cells
• allows movement
 Muscular
System
Major Functions:
Organs: • Allows for
• Cardiac movement by
muscle contracting
• Smooth
muscle
• Skeletal
muscle
 Endocrine
System
Major Organs: Functions:
• Glands
*Hypothalamus • Regulates body
*Pituitary activities using
*Thyroid hormones. Slow
*Thymus
*Adrenal response, long
*Pancreas lasting
*Ovaries *Testes
Glands produce
Hormones
 Integumentary
System
Functions:
Major
• Barrier against Infection
Organs: (1st line of defense)
• SKIN • Helps regulate body temp.
*Epidermis • Removes excretory waste
*Dermis (urea, water)
• Protects against sun’s UV
rays
• Produces vitamin D
 Reproductive
System
Major Organs: Functions:
• Ovaries – produce • Allows
eggs organisms to
• Uterus – muscle that reproduce
nurtures the fertilized which
ovum
prevents their
• Testes – produce species from
sperm
becoming
• Other external extinct.
genitalia
 Immune System
Organs: Functions:
• Spleen • Fights off foreign
• Thymus invaders in the body
• Lymph nodes
• Bone Marrow
• Adenoids
• Tonsils
• Skin