The Human Body

Introduction and Orientation

 Opening Assignment: Organize the
following words into the fewest groups
Eyes, Stomach, Kidney,
Digestion, Respiration, Umbilicus,
Gluteus Maximus, Reproduction, Cells,
Urinary Bladder, Mitosis, Excretion,
Movement, Gas Exchange, Lungs,
Brain, Blood Formation,
Support, Absorption, Blood
 Answer
Anatomy / Structure Physiology / Function
• Eyes • Digestion
• Stomach • Respiration
• Kidney • Reproduction
• Umbilicus • Mitosis
• Gluteus Maximus • Excretion
• Urinary Bladder • Movement
• Cells • Gas Exchange
• Lungs • Absorption
• Brain • Blood Formation
• Blood Vessels • Support
 Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy Physiology
• Structures • How the body and its parts
• Shape of the body and its work
parts • Structures determine the
• Gross Anatomy can be seen function
without a microscope • Functions are the processes
• Microscopic , too small to or jobs
be seen without a
microscope
Levels of Organization
11 Systems

Skeletal
Muscular
Cardiovascular
Nervous
Endocrine
Integument
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Lymphatic /
Immune
Reproductive
 Skeletal System
Structure Function
Bones, cartilage, ligaments • Support.
and joints • Provides basis for
movement.
• Protection
• Hematopoiesis = Formation
of red blood cells happens
within long bones.
• Mineral storage.
 Muscular System
Structure Function

Skeletal muscles. Although

• Muscles contract
muscle is found in other systems
(shorten) and provide
movement.

• Support.

• Heat production
 Cardiovascular System
Structure
Function
Heart and blood vessels.
• Uses blood as the carrier of
. nutrients, wastes and
gasses

• Carries White Blood Cells

and chemicals that protect
the body

• Heart acts as a pump

 Lymphatic / Immune System
Structure Function
Lymphatic vessels, Lymph nodes, • Recovers fluids for
spleen tonsils, thymus, bone
marrow, tissue drainage

• Cleans the blood

• Houses cells that are

involved in immunity
 Nervous System
Structure
Function
Brain, spinal cord, nerves,
sensory receptors • Responds to
external and
internal signals

• Coordinates
activities of other
organ systems.
 Endocrine System
Structure
Pituitary, Thyroid, Function
Parathyroid, Adrenals, • Directs long-term
Thymus, Pancreas, Pineal, changes using
Ovary and Testes. hormones.
• Growth,
• Reproduction
• Food Use.
 Integumentary System
Structure
Function
Skin (largest organ) and
temperature, pressure and
pain receptors. •Protect,
•Cushion
•Waterproofs
•Excretes salt
and urea
•Regulates
temperature.
 Respiratory System
Structure Function
Nasal passage, pharynx, larynx,
• Delivery of
trachea, bronchi, lungs
air to sites
where gas
exchange
takes place
 Digestive System
Function
Structure
Processing food, absorption of
• oral cavity, organic nutrients, minerals
• esophagus vitamins and water
• stomach
• small
• large intestines
• rectum
• liver
• pancreas
 Urinary System
Structure
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, Function
urethra. • Excretes nitrogen-
containing waste
(forms when protein
is broken down)
Urea and Uric Acid
• Maintains water and
salt balance
• Controls pH of the
blood
 Reproductive System
Function
Structure
Production of sex cells and
• M=Testes hormones to produce
(produce sperm), offspring.
Scrotum, Penis
accessory glands
and duct system
• F=Ovary Produce
eggs), Uterine
tubes, Uterus,
Vagina
 8 Life Functions
• Boundaries: Inside is • Metabolism: All chemical
separate from outside… reactions in the body.
every cell has a Depends on the Digestive
membrane. and Respiratory systems
• Movement: We move for nutrients and oxygen
and our food moves but it is regulated by the
through us. hormones of the
• Responsiveness: Sense Endocrine system.
changes and react. • Excretion: Removing
• Digestion: Breaking down waste
of food to be absorbed by • Reproduction:
blood. Production of offspring
• Growth: Increase in size.
 Homeostasis
• Stable internal
conditions

• Homeostatic
Control
Mechanisms
 Negative Feedback Mechanisms
• Shuts off original
stimulus like home
thermostat.
• Our body has a lot of
these: Water,
temperature, sugar,
fight or flight, muscles
for balance. Constant
state of adjustment.
Positive Feedback Mechanisms
• Increases the
original
stimulus.
Blood clotting
and birth of
baby.
 Anatomical Position
• Body erect, feet
parallel, arms at
sides palms
forward. Use the
face of the clock
to describe
location