BODY SYSTEMS

EARTH & LIFE SCIENCE

 HUMAN BODY
EARTH & LIFE
SCIENCE

• Nervous • Integumentary
• Respiratory • Digestive
• Excretory/Urinary • Skeletal
• Muscular • Circulatory
• Endocrine • Reproductive
• Lymphatic/Immune
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 ORGAN SYSTEMS
EARTH & LIFE

• Organ systems communicate, integrate, support and move,

SCIENCE

maintain and regulate, defend, reproduce the body.

• Communicate outside environment changes:
✓ organ systems that detect external stimuli and coordinate the
body’s responses
✓ Nervous, sensory and endocrine systems
• Support and Movement:
✓ The musculoskeletal system consists of two interrelated organ
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systems
 ORGAN SYSTEMS
EARTH & LIFE

• Regulation and Maintenance:

SCIENCE

✓ organ systems that regulate and maintain the body’s

chemistry; called homeostasis.
✓ Digestive, circulatory, respiratory and excretory systems.
• Defense:
✓ the body defends itself with two organ systems:
✓ Integumentary and immune systems
• Reproduction and Development:
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✓ Reproductive system
 NERVOUS SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: to coordinate the body’s response to changes in its

SCIENCE

internal and external environment

Major Organs and Functions
Brain: control center of the body, where all processes are relayed
through; consists of cerebrum (controls thoughts and senses)
and cerebellum (controls motor functions)
Spinal Cord: sends instructions from the brain to the rest of the
body and vice versa; any organism with a major nerve cord is
classified as a chordate
Nerves: conduct impulses to muscle cells throughout the body
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PRESENTATION TITLE
 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: adds oxygen to the blood (and

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removes carbon dioxide from the blood)

Major Organs and Functions
• Nose & Mouth
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs
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 URINARY SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: filters waste products from

SCIENCE

the blood
Major Organs and Functions
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Urethra

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 MUSCULAR SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: works with the skeletal and nervous system to produce

SCIENCE

movement, also helps to circulate blood through the human

body; muscle cells are fibrous; muscle contractions can be
voluntary or involuntary
Major Muscles
• Biceps
• Triceps
• Deltoids
• Glutes
• Hamstrings
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PRESENTATION TITLE
 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: produces chemical messengers carried in the blood

SCIENCE

(hormones), which direct the activities of different organ systems

Major Organs and Functions
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid gland
• Adrenal glands
• Pituitary gland
• Pancreas (the part that produces insulin and other hormones)
• Stomach (the cells that produce gastrin)
• Pineal gland
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• Ovaries
• Testes
 IMMUNE SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: defends against microbial

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pathogens – disease-causing agents –

and other diseases
Major Muscles
• Lymph Nodes
• White Blood Cells/Leukocytes
• Tonsils
• Adenoids
• Thymus
• Spleen
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 INTEGUMENTARY
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: provides barrier protection

SCIENCE

between the inside of the body and

the external environment
Major Organs and Functions
• Skin (both the skin surface and
the underlying structures of
connective tissue, including fat,
glands, and blood vessels)
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 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: to dissolve food so it can be absorbed into the

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bloodstream and used by the body

Major Organs and Functions
Mouth: to chew and grind up food; saliva also begins to breakdown food into
particles
Esophagus: pipe connecting mouth to stomach
Stomach: produces acid that breakdowns food
Small Intestine: digested food moves through intestine by villi, which absorbs
nutrients and water from digested food
Large Intestine: removes water from the digested food and gets the waste
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ready for excretion
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PRESENTATION TITLE
 SKELETAL SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: to provide structure, support, and movement to the body;

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bones are where new blood cells are generated (in the marrow),
and require the mineral calcium for strength
Major Bones
• femur (thigh bone) • fibula and tibia (calf)
• humerus (upper arm) • vertebrae (back)
• radius and ulna (lower arm) • scalpula (shoulder)
• cranium (skull) • pelvic bone
• sternum (breastbone) • coccyx (tail bone)
16 • clavicle (shoulder blade) • phalanges (fingers/toes)
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PRESENTATION TITLE
 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: to deliver oxygenated blood to the various cells and organ

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systems in your body so they can undergo cellular respiration

Major Organs and Functions
Heart: the major muscle of the circulatory system
• pumps blood through its four chambers
• pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs, where it gets
oxygenated, returned to the heart, and then pumped out through
the aorta to the rest of the body
• valve regulate the flow of blood between the chambers
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 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Major Organs and Functions

SCIENCE

Arteries: carry blood away from the heart and to the major organs of the body
Veins: carry blood back to the heart away from the major organs of the body
Capillaries: small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs
Blood: the cells that flow through the circulatory system
• red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that carries
oxygen
• white blood cells function in the immune system
• platelets help in blood clotting
19 Spleen: helps to filter out toxins in the blood
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 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EARTH & LIFE

Purpose: produces gametes and sex hormones; enables

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reproduction
Major Organs and Functions
• Penis • Vagina
• Prostate gland • Cervix
• Seminal vesicles • Uterus
• Vasa deferentia • Fallopian tubes
• Testes • Ovaries
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