Human Body

Systems
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Body Systems Work Together
If you damage one system, you may damage
several like smoking which irritates the lungs and
also destroys the cells of the immune system

Ardi Rizal
2 years old
Musi Banyuasin,
Indonesia
May 2010
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If you get excited, the nervous system works
with the circulatory system by increasing
your heart rate. 3
AIDS destroys the Immune System

As a result you may get:

1. pneumonia (respiratory ),
2. yeast infection (reproductive ),
3. Candida affecting esophagus (digestive)
4. Kaposi’s sarcoma (integumentary).

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 The Human Body Team

How does the body get the systems to work together?

To answer this question, we need to recall the

organizational structure of multicellular organisms.
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 Levels Of Organization

ATOMS CELLS TISSUES

ORGAN ORGANS
ORGANISM
SYSTEM 6
The Human Body has 4 Main Types of Tissues

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 ORGAN
A group of tissues that work
together to perform closely
related functions.

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Organ A group of organs that work together
to perform a single function
System .

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There are 11 organ systems in the human body

1. Integumentary System
2. Skeletal System
3. Muscular System
4. Nervous System
5. Endocrine System
6. Cardiovascular System
7. Lymphatic & Immune System
8. Respiratory System
9. Digestive System
10. Urinary System
11. Reproductive System 10
 Skeletal System
Your skeleton has five major
functions.

• It provides shape and

support
• Enables you to move
• Protects your internal organs
• Produces blood cells
• Stores certain materials until your
body needs them
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Major Organs of the Skeletal System

• Bones
• Tendons connect bones to muscles.
• Ligaments connect bone to bone.
• Cartilage cushions places where
bones connect and offers flexibility.

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 Muscular System
Your muscles control all
movements of the body tissues,
organs and bones.

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 Major Tissues of the
Muscular System
Your body has
three types of
Muscle tissue.

• skeletal muscle
• smooth muscle
• cardiac muscle

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 Circulatory System aka
Cardiovascular System
The main functions is to transport

• Oxygen
• Nutrients
• Waste

throughout the body

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The main parts of the
Circulatory System are:
• Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Blood

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 Respiratory System
Your respiratory
system moves
oxygen from the
outside environment
into your body. It
also removes carbon
dioxide and water
from your body.

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 The Main Parts of the
Respiratory system are:

• Nose
• Mouth
• Trachea
• Lungs
• Diaphragm

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 The Digestive System
• The main functions of the digestive
system

• Breaks down food into molecules the

body can absorb.

• Passes these molecules into the blood to

be carried throughout the body.

• Eliminates solid wastes from the body.

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The Main Parts of the Digestive System are:

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 The Excretory System
Your excretory system collects wastes
produced by cells and removes these
wastes from your body. The removal
process is known as excretion.

• Each kidney is about 4 ½

inches long

• Weight is 4 – 6 ounces

• The urine output varies from

1 to 2 liters per day. 21
The Main Parts of the Excretory
System

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 Integumentary System
(it’s your skin)
Your Skin has many important functions:

• Covers body and prevents water loss.

• Protects body from injury and infection.
• Helps regulate body temperature.
• Eliminate wastes
• Gathers information about the environment
• Produce vitamin D
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 Major Parts of the
Integumentary System
•Skin
•Hair
•Nails

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 Immune System
• It’s role is to protect
you from foreign
invaders.

Special cells react to each

kind of pathogen with
defensive tactics targeted
specifically at that type of
pathogen.

• A pathogen is a
bacterium, virus, or other
microorganism that can
cause disease.
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 Specialized Immune System Cells
•White blood cells that target specific
pathogens are called lymphocytes.
• T-cells and B-cells are two major types of
lymphocytes. Each type has a specific job.

B- Cells

T- Cells
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 What is Immunity?
• Immunity is a state in which the body has
sufficient defenses to fight infection, disease or
invasion by pathogens.

• Non- Specific Immunity refers to the

defenses that are in place at all times and are
not specific to the pathogen to which the
system is responding.

• Skin, mucous membranes, hairs in nose and

ears, enzymes in mouth and tears in eyes.
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Specific Immunity is a specific antibody
response to the pathogen and has been acquired
in one of several ways.

• Antibodies were transferred from mother to

fetus across the placenta.

• Antibodies were transferred through breast

milk from mother to child.

• Antibodies were built up due to prior exposure

to the pathogen.

• Antibodies were be built up through a

vaccination process.
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 Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system is an
extensive drainage
network that helps keep
bodily fluid levels in
balance and defends the
body against infections.

It filters out organisms

that cause disease,
produces certain white
blood cells and generates
antibodies 29
 Major Parts of the
Lymphatic System
• It is made up of a network of lymphatic vessels
that carry lymph — a clear, watery fluid that
contains protein molecules, salts, glucose,
urea, and other substances — throughout the
body.

• It works closely with the immune system and

the circulatory system.

• The Spleen stores many of the white blood

cells needed for the immune response. 30
 Endocrine System
1. The endocrine system is a collection of ductless glands
that secrete special proteins called hormones.

2. The glands release the hormones into the bloodstream

and they travel to the target cells or organs.

3. The main function of the endocrine system is to

maintain a stable environment within the body or
homeostasis.

4. The hormones also help the body to regulate:

 Growth
 Sexual development
 Metabolism
 Sugar, salt and fluid levels in the blood
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 Glands and Hormones
Gland Hormone Produced Effects

Hypothalamus Antidiuretic hormone Acts on the kidney to

regulate fluid balance
Pituitary 9 different hormones Growth and regulates other
glands
Thyroid Thyroxine Metabolism

Pancreas Insulin & glucagon Blood sugar

Adrenal Epinephrine Heart rate & blood

pressure
Testes Testosterone Sperm & male
characteristics
Ovaries Estrogen & progesterone Eggs & female
characteristics 33
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a
disease in which
bones become fragile
and more likely to
break. If not
prevented or if left
untreated,
osteoporosis can
progress painlessly
until a bone breaks.
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