Anatomy and Physiology

OVERVIEW OF ORGAN SYSTEMS

 Agenda
• Levels of organization in the human body
• Overview of the 11 organ systems
Levels of Organization

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

What is the smallest basic unit of life?

The Cell
Levels of Atoms Simple
Structural
Organization Molecules

Cells
Structurally
Tissues &
Functionally
Organs

Organ System Complex

Organism
 Levels of Structural Organization
Atoms
● Cell
Molecules ○ Smallest basic unit of life

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Organism
 Levels of Structural Organization
Atoms
● Tissue
Molecules ● A group of many similar cells that work
together to perform a specific function
Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Organism
 Levels of Structural Organization
Atoms
● Organ
Molecules ● An anatomically distinct structure of the
human body composed of 2 or more types of
Cells tissues
● May perform more than one physiological
Tissues function

Organs

Organ System

Organism
 Levels of Structural Organization
Atoms
● Organ System
Molecules ● A group of organs that work together to
perform major functions
Cells ● Organs may contribute to multiple organ
systems
Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Organism
 Levels of Structural Organization
Atoms
● Organism
Molecules ● a living being that can independently perform
all physiologic functions necessary for life
Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Organism
Arrange the list below in the correct sequence, going from the simplest
to most complex levels of structural organization of the human body.

• Tissues
• Organ System
• Atoms
• Organism
• Organs
• Cells
• Molecules
 Organ Systems Overview

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

 Cardiovascular System
Organs
• Heart (“cardio-”)
• Blood Vessels (“vasc-”)
• Arteries
• Veins
Functions
• Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients,
waste products, etc.
• Perfuses organs (provides oxygen)
 Respiratory System
Organs
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs
Functions
• Oxygenates blood
• Removes carbon dioxide
 Nervous System
Organs
• Brain
• Sensory Receptor
• Spinal Cord
• Nerves
Functions
• Responds to internal and external stimuli
• Central control system of the activities of the
body
 Skeletal System
Organs
• Bones
• Joints
• Cartilages
• Ligaments
Functions
• Protects and supports soft tissue organs (e.g. brain,
lungs, heart, etc.)
• Provides framework and attachment points for skeletal
muscles
• Mineral storage
• Hematopoiesis (the birth of blood)
 Muscular System
Organs
• Skeletal muscles
• Tendons
Functions
• Enables movement/locomotion
• Promotes blood circulation
 Integumentary System
Organs
• Skin
• Hair and Nails
Functions
• Covers external surface of body
• Protects deeper tissue
• Vitamin D synthesis
• Secretes fluids from glands(sweat, oil,
etc.)
• Sensations (pain, pressure, etc.)
• Retains/dissipates body heat
 The major organs of the cardiovascular system include the
________.

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and

skeletal muscles
lungs

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory

heart and blood vessels
receptors
Which organ system covers the external surface of the body
and protects deeper tissues?

Integumentary System Muscular System

Skeletal System Cardiovascular System

 Gastrointestinal System
Organs
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Liver
• Small/Large Intestines
• Anus
Functions
• Breaks down food into digestible and absorbable units
(nutrients, minerals, etc.)
• Eliminates indigestible wastes from the body
 Endocrine System
Organs
• Pituitary gland
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid glands
• Adrenal glands
• Pancreas (gland)
• Testes/Ovaries (glands)
Functions
• Controls and coordinates the body through
hormones
 Lymphatic System
Organs
• White Blood Cells (WBC’s)
• Lymphatic vessels
• Lymph nodes
• Lymphoid organs (spleen, tonsils, etc.)
Functions
• Picks up/Returns fluid from blood back into
circulatory system
• “Filters” blood
• Houses white blood cells that are central to a
functioning immune system
 Urinary System
Organs
• Kidney
• Ureter
• Bladder
• Urethra
Functions
• Eliminates nitrogen-containing waste products
(urea, uric acid) from the body
• Helps maintain water, electrolyte, and acid-base
balance of the blood
 Male Reproductive System
Organs
• Prostate (gland)
• Seminal vesicles
• Vas deferens
• Testes
• Penis
Functions
• Sperm production
• Testosterone production
 Female Reproductive System
Organs
• Mammary glands
• Uterus
• Uterine tube
• Ovary
• Vagina
Functions
• Egg/ova production
• Development of fetus
• Estrogen production
11 Organ Systems
11 Organ Systems
The organ system that controls and coordinates the body
through hormones is the ________.

skeletal system nervous system

endocrine system gastrointestinal system

 What are the two organ systems primarily involved in the
excretion of wastes from the body?

gastrointestinal and urinary gastrointestinal and skeletal

muscular and skeletal endocrine and nervous

 Agenda
• Review To Do Now
• Finish Organ Systems Overview
• Labeling Activity
 Labeling Activity
• Identify and Label as many of the 11 organ systems as
possible using the body parts you have labeled on your
patient
• For example, if you labeled a specific organ, which organ system is
that organ a part of?
• If you have labeled a general body part or region, look up
an organ that exists in that body part or region and identify
which organ system that organ is a part of
 2 Causes of Joints “Cracking”
Gas getting into then “escaping” Tendons sliding over joints and
joints bony areas
 Iliopsoas Impingemint
(“Snapping Hip Syndrome”, “Dancer’s Hip”)

• A condition caused by overuse

• An audible clicking/snapping sound
and sensation from hip
• Especially with hip flexion
• Often with pain
• Occurs more often in younger, more
active population
• Dancers
• Soccer players
• Football players
 Clinical Examination and Ultrasound of Self-Reported
Snapping Hip Syndrome in Elite Ballet Dancers
• 87 dancers
• 91% with snapping hip
• 58% with snapping hip + pain
• Snapping reproducible with
certain movements with extreme
flexion
• Plié
• Developpé
 Clinical Examination and Ultrasound of Self-Reported
Snapping Hip Syndrome in Elite Ballet Dancers
Mechanism
• Tight, weakened, or inflamed
iliopsoas tendon “snapping” over
femoral head during movement