Cell Biology

Levels of Organization
Lecture 2
 Levels of Organization

A. Levels of Structural Organization

Atom
Molecule

 Cell

Tissue

 Organ
Levels of Organization
 Levels of Organization

:Examples

Atom ≈ carbon

Molecule ≈ Phospholipid

Cell ≈ nerve cell

Tissue ≈ nervous tissue

Organ ≈ brain
 Levels of Organization

to form moleculescombineAtoms .1

Atoms Molecule
 Levels of Organization

Molecules form cells .2

Molecules Cell
 Levels of Organization

a. Specialized cells develop from a single

.zygote

.Organisms are made up of specialized cells •

red blood cell nerve cell

 Levels of Organization

Cells form tissues .3

Similar cells with a common
function form tissues
There are 4 basic •
:tissue types

• Epithelial
• Nervous
• Muscular
• Connective
 Levels of Organization
Specialized cells function together in tissues, .4
.organs, organ systems, and the whole organism

• Specialized cells perform specific tasks.

• Tissues are groups of
similar cells working
together.
– epithelial tissue
– connective
tissue
– muscle tissue

tissue cell
 Levels of Organization

Tissues form organs .5

Two or more tissue types form •
an organ
that structurean organ is a
a specific function performs
for the body
 Levels of Organization

Organs form Organ Systems .6

A group of organs which •
work together for a common
is an organ system purpose

.Brain, Spinal Cord, etc Nervous System

 Levels of Organization

B. Body Systems
Integumentary System .1
Skin is the only organ
 Protects from injury
 Regulates body temperature
 Receptors for temperature, pain,
and pressure
 Levels of Organization

Skeletal System .2
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and
joints
 Supports body
 Protection
 Storage for
minerals
(calcium)
 Levels of Organization

SystemMuscular .3
contract (shorten) Muscles
movementto cause
Skeletal muscles are large, •
fleshy, and attached to bone
 Levels of Organization

Nervous System .4
Brain, spinal cord,
nerves, & sensory
receptors
Responds to •
stimuliirritants
Levels of Organization 2

SystemEndocrine .5
:Releases hormones to control
 Growth
 Reproduction
 Food use
 Levels of Organization

Circulatory System .6
:Made of 2 organ systems
 :Cardiovascular System
- Heart and blood vessels
- .Transport oxygen, etc
 lymphatic system

- blood, immunityCleanses
Levels of Organization

Respiratory System -7 .7
Nasal passages, •
larynx, pharynx,
trachea, bronchi, lungs
body with Supplies
oxygen
Removes carbon
dioxide
Levels of Organization 2

Digestive System .8
Mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, •
esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large
intestine, rectum
Breaks down food and
delivers nutrients to
blood for cells in the
body
 Levels of Organization

Urinary System .9
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and •
urethra
Removes Nitrogen-containing •
wastes from the blood and
flushes them from the body in
urine
:Regulates
Water balance –
Salt balance –
pH (acid-base) balance –
 Levels of Organization

SystemReproductive .10
Functions to produce offspring
Male testes produce sperm •
Male Structures: scrotum, penis,
accessory glands, duct system
• Female ovaries produce eggs
 Female structures: uterine tubes,
vagina, uterus (where fetus develops)
 Levels of Organization

All of the organ systems form the organism

Levels of Organization

. – Activity
You are going to create a mini poster with your table •
. partner. You will make them for 2 organ systems
Layout of Poster (Follow this layout, or lose •
points…)

Major Organ System: (Name organ here)

Primary FunctionMajor Tissues & Organs

*Must have 2-3 pictures*

Levels of Organization

?Q1: define sub atomic particles

?q2: what are biomolecules
?q3: define species
?q4: define organ and organ system
?q5: define tissues
?q6: give an example of community
Thank you