Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Contributors
Author
Megan is a Sustainable Fashion Journalist and
Content Editor at TrusTrace, whose byline appears
Megan Doyle
Managing Editor
Heading up marketing and educational efforts, Anja
is the driving force behind TrusTrace's efforts to
share insights and facilitate data-based
Anja Sadock
Carriere-Pradal
As chair of Policy Hub and Co-founder of 2BPolicy,
Chair of Policy Hub
Baptiste is helping to unite the apparel and footwear
and co-founder of industry to speak in one voice and propose policies
2BPolicy that accelerate circular and sustainable practices.
Cecilia
Cecilia leads the Maritime Anti-Corruption Network,
Müller Torbrand
a global business network working toward the vision
Chief Executive Officer of a maritime industry free of corruption that enables
of the Maritime
fair trade to the benefit of society at large. She is an
Anti-Corruption Network experienced anti-corruption expert with 15 years of
expertise in the compliance field.
2
As an Innovation Analyst at ashion for Good s
F ’
J a e Crowle
m s y
Innovation Platform, ames focuses on
J
Innovation Analyst at
transparency and traceability initiatives, innovation,
F ashion for Good and implementation for brands and associated
partners.
Sherr a ay F z l
Solutions at apestry
T
Integrated usiness Processes and is establishing
B
3
Advisors
As the co-founder and CTO of TrusTrace, Madhav
oversees the Product, Engineering and
Madhava Venkatesh
Sustainability/Innovation teams and sets the product
Co-founder & Chief and technology vision for the company. Madhava
Technology Officer at has been building solutions for 22+ years in cutting-
TrusTrace edge technology areas like Cloud & IoT, is a
member of the Forbes Technology Council.
Special Thanks To
Jenny Wärn, Jo Johnston, Jocelyn Chan, Krister Gangfløt, Ramanathan Venkataraman, Santosh
Mohanram and Shameek Ghosh.
About TrusTrace
About Fashion for Good
TrusTrace was founded in 2016, with the objective Fashion for Good is the global platform for
to fundamentally change the way fashion is innovation. Fashion for Good unites the entire
produced and consumed, after the four founders fashion ecosystem, from brands, manufacturers and
witnessed the detrimental effects of pollution of the suppliers, to consumers, to collaborate and drive the
local rivers, soil and air coming from unregulated change towards a circular industry.
6
INTRODUCTION
Shameek Ghosh
8
DEFINING
YOUR NEEDS
With no one size fits all traceability solution, To gain the support of decision-makers in
it’s crucial that each company rigorously your company, it’s important to present the
investigates and defines its needs when business case for a traceability platform.
get stuck in analysis paralysis — unable to data acquired through a traceability system
move forward with a clear strategy because can help to make your company more
efficient too.
uncertainty of what’s to come. Legislation, traceability solution providers that you trust
a tumultuous economy and unforeseen to help you reach your short-, medium- and
When building a plan without knowing the businesses robust and future-proof.
10
Defining Goals, Objectives What are your objectives?
German Supply Chain Act to secure The measurable benefits that will signal the
presence in key market success of this initiative. These could
% To sell your products through retailers include:
with stringent sustainability policies
% To attract conscious consumers with % To ensure all sustainability claims are
evidence-based claims about your backed up by robust dat
products % To automate the labeling of products
% To increase stock price or attract sold through online retailer
sustainability investments like green % To ensure the availability of all
bond information for regulatory compliance in
% To make meaningful impact in your one single location
supply chains to reduce carbon % To communicate with your suppliers on
emissions, improve biodiversity, and a common platform and manage data
enable social changes
collectio!
% To improve the accuracy of your data
and reduce the workload for you and
your suppliers
11
Industry Drivert Companies keen to support their
suppliers through this transition to more
fn Compliance with Legislation
12
- Increase Business Efficiencies
There is a strong business case for i Quick access to data You can collect
collecting, analyzing and acting on primary all data points in one unified traceability
data. With primary data, you can have real system with easy access to information
time visibility of material movement across about your supply chain and products.
the supply chain, and can leverage this When all your data is structured in a
efficiencies.
A traceability solution gives you access to origin data for customs agents and
data that can not only improve your Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
unwanted costs and waste. It paves the i Audits Companies are able to easily
way for a more dynamic, efficient and track the behaviour of their suppliers for
strategic business.
auditing purposes when data is
13
Key Considerations
In the Toolkit:
2.
Be crystal clear: define the value
and outcome you want to achieve
and set specific targets against
these. This makes it easier to align
internally, measure progress and
perform corrective actions.
3.
Get started: given the nascent nature of traceability, as well as the current and
upcoming laws governing this space, it will be impossible to get everything right
from the beginning. The key is to get started with the highest short-term priority,
still keeping long-term objectives in mind, and correcting your course as you
move forward.
15
Case Study:
Sherry Fazal
having a general idea of our business
Sr Manager, Global ESG
needs, our customer expectations and the
& Sustainability
ESG story we want to tell about our
Solutions at Tapestry
company.
“
Tapestry’s strategic pillars for ESG are Our it was about having a general idea of our
People, Our Community and Our Planet. business needs, our customer expectations
Our work on sustainability is robust and our and the ESG story we want to tell about our
goals are significant: one of our most company. Our first step was to create a
critical goals is to achieve 95% traceability high-level roadmap that was going to guide
and mapping of raw materials to ensure a us as we built the systems but could be
transparent and responsible supply chain flexible when we needed to pivot or adjust.
by 2025. When we initially set the goal, it FY21 was a foundational year.
— we knew that if we needed to trace our We knew the power of small wins, so we
materials, we needed to map our supply started with those and built on the
chain.
One key learning was that it’s not just one of our commitments is to ensure 90%
about connecting tier one suppliers, tier two of leather is sourced from Gold and Silver-
substantial data sets and ensuring data reputable leather suppliers to ensure
connect the people. A company’s If they weren't, we wanted to help get them
traceability reporting is only as good as the there, not walk away from the vendor.
Early 2020 was the start of us having an together and it’s about making real
16
NAVIGATING LEGISLATION
AND COMPLIANCE RISKS
17
NAVIGATE LEGISLATION AND COMPLIANCE RISKS
There are three main categories of environmental or social claims made with
legislation to be aware of and develop your reliable and relevant evidence.
data collection strategy around: due Requirements can range from top-line data
diligence, claims & labeling and to highly granular information around the
sustainability reporting. Not all regulations product life-cycle, such as environmental
fit neatly into one bucket. Some, like the scoring, circularity, traceability, and other
EU Ecodesign for Sustainable Products sustainability information.
collection of country-of-origin
documentation. Deforestation regulations Sustainability Reporting laws standardize
can require specific locations of individual requirements for reporting, such as how to
farms.
Compliance
in the puzzle.
data requirements.
world.
19
Category Example laws Data needed
Due Diligence US: The Uyghur Forced Labor Per purchase order and shipment:
Prevention Act (UFLPA)
20
Interview:
global trade and geopolitical relations is far Kit, can you tell us a little about the
more significant.
sought the expertize of Kit Conklin, Senior The UFLPA took a lot of the sustainability
Fellow at the Atlantic Council and Vice world by surprise because it’s the most
President at the research and data complex piece of legislation that has ever
analytics firm, Kharon.
21
The CBP explicitly stated that cotton would compliance. For example, if cotton
be prioritized for enforcement, but what makes up 60% of your shipment, you
we’re starting to see now is other would prioritize tracing this supply
commodities being detained as well. This chain. But if materials that make up a
includes things like polyester, leather small percentage of your shipment are
products, and a broader expansion of also at risk of detainment under the
detentions targeting goods made with UFLPA, does this advice still ring true?
22
Proposal For a Ban on Goods Made Many fashion businesses have been
Using Forced Labour. How do they slow to react to and prepare for
compare to the UFLPA and does legislation, despite often getting a few
compliance with one forced labor law years of advance notice. What impact
mean your business is compliant has the rollout of the UFLPA had on
globally?
23
Interview: Anticipating and Preparing for
Incoming Laws
Baptiste
It’s complicated, yes. But it’s manageable.
Carriere-Pradal
You need to be able to understand the
Chair of Policy Hub and complexity of the issue at hand to be able
co-founder of 2BPolicy to implement a proper solution.
output?”
While some of these requirements won’t be Carriere-Pradal’s final message for the
implemented for a few years, Carriere- industry is a word of warning: “You are
Pradal says that brands should start likely to overspend millions on fast tracked
collecting a wide range of information from solutions if you don’t anticipate the impact
suppliers now to anticipate future of the data that will go public on your
regulations. “It’s easier to gather a lot of shareholders, customers, and
primary data and then you can improve stakeholders.”
25
THREE SECRETS TO SUCCESS
1.
Map out data requirements for these
laws, as well as the data you already
have available in high quality. This will
help you discover gaps you need to fill,
or existing data you need to improve.
2.
Analyze the regulatory
landscape with current and
incoming laws versus your risk
profile, to understand which laws
to prioritize first.
3.
Set up a roadmap with prioritized laws, when they come into
force and the data requirements connected to them for your
business, so you have a clear overview of the data you need
to collect by when to ensure compliance.
26
ENSURING YOUR
ORGANIZATION IS ALIGNED
AND READY
27
ENSURING YOUR ORGANIZATION IS
ALIGNED AND READY
28
Assess Your Readiness Some of the tasks that the supplier
engagement team will have to perform
The traceability solution you choose will include:
29
This will be driven by two critical factors:
Sourcing Models
Typical Features Brand owns the design & sourcing and controls production
Needed
Ensure IT team bandwidth for enabling integrations (data in &
data out)
Goals
Establish COC from yarn (or T3 stage) to finished goods
30
Sourcing Model Full Package Program with Garment Supplier
Typical Features
Brand purchases at fixed cost from the garment manufacturer, but may also
nominate suppliers
Brand has less responsibility & risk, but also less control and data
Internal
Needed program
Ensuring IT teams bandwidth for ensuring integrations (data in & data out)
Short-Term
Typical Features
Brand may use this as their core business model or for specific product
categories
Brand has less responsibility and risk regarding delivery and quality, but also
Internal Ensuring sourcing partners have needed bandwidth to interact with agents
Readiness Change management team to work through different phases of program . This
agents take all the risk and workload .We expect this to change with
Ensuring IT teams bandwidth for ensuring integrations (data in & data out)
Short-Term
3 1
Key Considerations
32
THREE SECRETS TO SUCCESS
1.
Involve and align everyone across functions, from IT and
sourcing to sustainability, legal and marketing. Ensure all
stakeholders are on board and understand their role in this
transformation.
2.
Collaborate with suppliers. Bring them along for the journey
and consider them equal partners in this transformation. Build
strong relationships built on mutual respect to ensure a
successful program rollout.
3.
Prioritize based on risks and urgent
needs. You can’t solve every problem
at once, so create a realistic timeline to
achieve tangible goals.
33
Case Study: Launching the ASICS
Traceability Transformation
transformation project.
“
When people think about traceability, many When we made the decision to collaborate
believe it is crucial to approach this like any TrusTrace made it easy for me by demo-
our plan.
circular business model. Traceability plays opportunities, goals and objectives related
only to share our story but also to integrity. It also outlines specific
exchange best practices and foster deliverables. In the short term, these
discipline is paramount. With the Whenever the project swings off track, the
focused. Putting everything in black and by our employees and suppliers, and
white on paper facilitates understanding integrating it with our existing supply chain
34
This integration aims to not only drive
efficiency but to enhance business
resilience.
36
Find the Right Solution
Innovation Analyst at
innovations as part of a portfolio of partners
Fashion for Good that work together, sharing information to
achieve their goals.
38
The Traceability Key innovators:
TrusTrace
Retraced
Landscape
Sourcemap
Altana
product traceability.
Impact Trackers
For supply chain traceability platforms, a Impact trackers serve as calculating tools
key distinction is between fiber forward and to measure a company's indirect
garment backward approaches.
environmental impact from suppliers,
Service providers with fiber forward customers, and transportation. These
capabilities allow for real-time and secure emissions are typically more difficult to
digital identities to be created in parallel to measure and manage than a company's
the commodity flow. Garment backward direct emissions (Scope 1 and Scope 2),
approaches follow a more traditional but they can represent a significant portion
approach, mapping the supply chain from of a company's overall carbon footprint.
the finished garment backwards.
39
Key innovators:
waste recycling, helping to guide the
Made2Flow
transition of waste to resources in the
Vaayu
fashion industry.
Glimpact
PEFtrust
(Waste Mapping)
Key innovators:
Physical Tracer
Key innovators:
Reverse Resources
Technologies
Satma
of fibers and materials in order to prove and respond to workers and make
their origin.
Key innovators:
This is usually done via a mobile phone
into global fashion supply chains has risen. Labor Solutions (WOVO)
sourced fibers in line with the pressing F Compliance with the EU Human Rights
41
Fashion for Good’s
2.
Categorize your supply chain data into “obligatory data
need” or “non-obligatory data need”, based on business
priorities (e.g. meeting policy disclosure, verifying material
certification, impact tracking for climate disclosures)
3.
Choose traceability service
providers that align with your short-
term needs, as well as your long-term
goals. Look at this as a long-term
investment, and partnership.
42
Case Study: How Tapestry Found the
Right Solution for Its Needs
We knew that there wouldn’t be a single
Sherry Fazal
Sr Manager,
solution that met all our needs, but one that
Global ESG & would fulfill 80-90% of our ESG/Traceability
Sustainability Solutions needs would be a great place to start and
at Tapestry give us the answers we needed.
45
Prepare for Program Establishing a Team
46
Platform Rollout
participation from your wider supplier Below, you see an example of a program
program execution.
a small subset of your supplier base that Understanding the scope of your
various aspects of the program rollout, stakeholder accountable for their actions.
Starting small enables you to engage project team can be set up to ensure
closely with your suppliers, monitor their clear roles and responsibilities for
47
Project Team, Roles and Responsibilities
Project Owne/
5 Align on vision and objective$
5 Buy in with managemen
5 Align on resource availabilit'
5 Budget approval
5 Decide on prioritie$
5 Sign off on acceptanc
Potential People: Sr. Leaders from different divisions.
5 PNL ownership
Project Manager
5 Day to day program managemen
5 Track actions, items, deliverables and manage risk$
5 Communicate progress with key stakeholder$
5 Handle requirements and prioritizations from various stakeholders
Potential People: Sr. Program Manager who can handle change management
aspects
Project Lead 1
Project Lead 2
Project Lead 3
Project Lead 4
IT Team Lea
(Supplier Relationship
(External Comms (Legal and Complianceà (Key Account
Managementà Marketingà Managersà áÞ Integration$
áÞ U.S. Legal Team$ ½Þ Security
áÞ Representatives from áÞ End consumer comm$ ½Þ EU Legal Teams
Þ User provisionin
½Þ Procurement team communications Þ Change
management
Coordinate with suppliers Work with key business áÞ Manage integrations áÞ Align on consumer áÞ Lead on the data
on customers and align on with existing IT communication plan: needed for regulation
áÞ Introducing the data needs system$ what data, frequency compliance^
traceability program – ½Þ Handle user of updates, view for ½Þ Prioritize relevant
importance and how provisioning, security end user$ regulation complianc
you plan to rollou assessments, ½Þ Align on Supplier Þ Finalize data sharing
½Þ Coordinate supplier architecture review$ disclosure plan: what format with regulators
trainin Þ Manage change tier of suppliers, what
Þ Ensure supplier management requests datO
complianc and implementations Þ Align on reporting
Þ Decide the initial list of requirements and
supplier$ data needs
Þ Share supplier
feedback to solution
provider for
improvements
48
Supplier Training
the platform.
49
A key factor for a low rate of adoption is
that users do not know who to ask for help
or they do not receive prompt support,
leading to delays. To ensure users can
access help when they need it, companies
should test the support functions and
clearly communicate the process of
requesting help to users.
Key Considerations
50
THREE SECRETS TO SUCCESS
1.
Support and incentivize your suppliers to participate in your traceability
program rollout. Work with your solution provider to ensure that effective
communication and support systems are in place.
2.
Analyze and action the data collected through your
solution to achieve ESG, traceability and compliance
goals. A traceability program will fail to create meaningful
change without tangible goals and data-backed decision
making.
3.
Learning from, evolving and
investing more in your
sustainability transformation as
time goes on. Look at your program
rollout as the first phase of a bigger
initiative that will develop over the
coming years.
51
Case Study: How Tapestry Launched a
Successful Pilot Program
Sherry Fazal
The long-term vision is to have traceability
Sr Manager,
and transparency throughout the entire life
Global ESG & cycle of a product. How we get there won’t
Sustainability Solutions be linear — that’s the important part. We
at Tapestry
learn, we tweak, we pivot.
52
WHAT HAPPENS NEXT
53
WHAT HAPPENS NEXT
direction.
We also take a look at the shipping At Open Supply Hub, we believe that
industry, which has proven that when equitable access to high quality, open data
individual companies come together and about global supply chains is the essential
work to collectively solve a problem, building block to enable systems change.
significant change can occur.
That means ensuring everyone has
access, whether they’re a small civil society
TrusTrace co-founder and CTO Madhava organization operating on the ground in
Venkatesh also shares his vision for the affected regions, or a major international
future of fashion where traceability is corporation.
“
54
Interview: Standardizing Traceability
Industry-Wide
Karolin Catela
55
Regulation will be a driving force for the
standardization of fashion. “The Digital
Product Passport will force brands to
conform to a common way of exchanging
information,” says Catela. “Brands will need
to have 2D bar code or RFID. Imagine if
every company had a different way of
doing this — it will be very ineffective.”
56
Interview: Taking Cues from the Maritime
Anti-Corruption Network
Cecilia
Müller Torbrand
I think we are a bit tired of taking part in
Chief Executive Officer various initiatives and not seeing the
at The Maritime
impact.
Anti-Corruption Network
we are all looking for that, regardless of So who should foot the bill for these
what area of sustainability you work in. initiatives? It’s a question that the fashion
What is the impact of these initiatives on industry has grappled with for years.
57
MACN’s founding vision ensures the “If you get 20 responses and they’re from
equality of all members, so its funding people who actually work in the
structure reflects this. “Everyone who environment you are trying to change, you
comes into an initiative like MACN has an know if you’re on the right track.”
58
Interview: Envisioning Fashion’s
Traceable Future
In the future, real-time data availability will
Madhava Venkatesh
become the norm. Nobody will worry about
Co-Founder and Chief traceability, it shouldn’t exist anymore,
Technology Officer at because it will be completely intertwined
TrusTrace into the business process.
At the core of this vision is creating “If it gets to that stage where the
industry-wide, standardized transparency information is given voluntarily, it’s
and data accessibility. “Today, information standardized and can be handled by a
exchange between brands and suppliers is company like TrusTrace, then it becomes
always on-demand — brands have to ask very powerful,” says Madhava.
product information.”
60
A CALL TO ACTION
61
A CALL TO ACTION
The fashion industry is under immense No matter how you go about it, we’re
pressure from legislators, consumers and confident of a few universal truths. We
activists to tackle a wide range of urgent know that capturing the right primary data
issues. Until recently, there was little in the is important, but it’s vital that businesses
way of guidance and support to help analyze, learn from, and make informed
fashion businesses navigate their decisions based on this data.
traceability journey.
Now that you have read the theory, it is time to turn insights into action. In the following
pages, you will find an example of ROI calculations, as well as practical templates to
support your traceability journey from the get-go. To make it easier to understand the
methodology and apply it, here is a sample brand that we have used as an e xample
Team Organization
Revenue
Products
USD $10 billion, with 60% from the Sells an assortment of products
US, 25% from the EU, 15% from including apparel, footwear and
Material exposure
f
Certi ied or Sustainable Materials
collection by 2030
Sells through own webshop, e-
Sustainable Finance
interest rates are tied to the Spread across the globe with a
Sustainability Commitments
2. Get 20% more renewable power sources in the supply chain and decrease the
6 4
How to Calculate Return on Investment
Calculating the return on your traceability investment is an important way to prove the value
proposition to your company, driving buy-in from key business leaders. To define the ROI
for your traceability investment, you need to consider your key focus areas, and calculate
;A Compliance
2. Sustainable Finance
Based on the revenue share from various To support sustainable finance efforts, this
regions, key focus areas will be brand will have to track
The UFLPA, relevant for all products, The percentage of supply chains that
especially cotton, shipped from Asia to are sustainable and find alternate
AGEC, relevant for all products sold in Track the percentage of renewable
diligence laws are also relevant, they For the project owner who is building out
are not yet in force and would therefore the proposal charter, it is imperative to
come as a lower priority, but included in measure the impact in monetary value.
sustainability credentials
65
Calculate Risk
Here is how you could calculate the risks associated with the UFLPA, AGEC, and
sustainable financing.
1a. UFLPA
Assuming the brand has 3 shipments detained by the CBP under the UFLPA per year, the
cost to manually collect relevant documents and work with legal teams could be anywhere
between $60,000 andTasks
Scenarios $6.5 involved
million:
million.
66
Calculate Investment
Needed
67
Define Your Vision, Goals and Milestones
for Traceability
Defining your needs is key to ensure you get the value you want to achieve out of your
program. It is also necessary to align stakeholders and resources. Below, read what this
could look like for the sample brand.
To complete the template, you can download the blank version here. While you are
focusing on year one, you may want to create rough milestones and objectives for year two
and three, pending on the priorities in your program roadmap.
68
Define Your Team and Establish Roles &
Responsibilities
Project Owne]
c Decide on prioritieR
c Sign off on acceptanc K
Potential People: Sr. Leaders from different divisions.
c PNL ownership
I
Head of T, Legal/Compliance Teams
Project ManagerÃ
Potential People: Sr. Program Manager who can handle change management
aspects
Project ea L d 1
L d 2
Project ea L d
Project ea 3
Project ea 4
L d IT Team Lea0
(Suppl R l
ier e ation ship
(Externa lC
omm s (Lega anl omdC pliance (Key Acco nt u
Management k
Mar eting Manager s /, IntegrationR
/, U.S. Legal TeamR , Security
/, Representatives from /, End consumer commR , EU Legal Teams
7, User provisionin@
, Procurement team communications 6, Change
management
Coordinate with suppliers Work with key business /, Manage integrations /, Align on consumer /, Lead on the data
on = customers and align on with existing IT communication plan: needed for regulation
/, Introducing the data needs systemR what data, frequency compliance
traceability program – , Handle user of updates, view for , Prioritize relevant
importance and how provisioning, security end userR regulation complianc K
you plan to rollouN assessments, , Align on Supplier 7, Finalize data sharing
,Coordinate supplier architecture reviewR disclosure plan: what format with regulators
trainin @ 7, Manage change tier of suppliers, what
7, Ensure supplier management requests dat
complianc K and implementations 7, Align on reporting
6, Decide the initial list of requirements and
supplierR data needs
2, Share supplier
feedback to solution
provider for
improvements
69
Define Your Program Roadmap for
Implementation
This is the ultimate overview of your program to guide the implementation process. Ensure
that you have a clear roadmap for the first year in detail, as well as an idea of what comes
after that (balancing short-term action with long-term vision). Revisit the sample brand
roadmap on page 47, then download and fill in the blank template here.
By completing the blank templates in this toolkit, you will be on your way to building a
traceability program that is well-considered, robust and has the best chances of achieving
your ESG goals.
70
GLOSSARY
71
GLOSSARY
system
Batch-level or Lot-level data: Granular information Due Diligence: The process of auditing your supply chain
pertaining to a defined quantity of a material or product to identify, mitigate, and account for potential
that is processed together
Bill of Material (BOM): A list of the raw materials and End to End visibility: The ability to track individual items
components, plus the quantities of each, needed to as they travel through the supply chain from raw materials
manufacture a product
Blockchain: A digital ledger of transactions that is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): A software
duplicated and distributed across the entire network of system that allows brands to manage everyday business
computer systems
product in real-time
Circularity: A model of production and consumption that Fragmentation: Data that has been broken up into
focuses on sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, and different formats or across different platforms, leading to
recycling existing materials and products for as long as inefficiencies and inaccuracies
possible
garment manufacturer
Cloud-based: Storing data through internet programs Full package production with agent: A sourcing model
rather than on central computers or networks
72
Product Backward Traceability: The process of tracking Supplier: Any actor within a supply chain that is involved
the supply chain of a product after it has been in the sourcing, manufacturing, or transportation of a
manufactured, otherwise known as top-down traceability
material or product
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM): Organizations Sustainable financing: The acquisition of financial
use this to develop new products, as well as track and resources to implement improvements to facilities with a
share data along the entire supply chain
Purchase Order (PO): A document issued by a brand to Third-party audits: Independent groups that perform on-
a supplier which indicates the styles, quantities, and the-ground assessments of facilities to ensure that they’re
prices for products they have purchased
Real-time data: Information that is collected about a Tier: Supply chains are commonly divided into tiers where
material or product, recorded as the item moves through different functions are performed to transform raw
the value chain
Product Backward Traceability: The process of tracking Traceability: The ability to trace the history, application,
the supply chain of a product after it has been or location of a material or product through recorded
manufactured, otherwise known as top-down traceability
identifications
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM): Organizations Transparency: Relevant information that is available to
use this to develop new products, as well as track and all elements of the value chain in a standardized way,
share data along the entire supply chain
Software as a Service
73