According to Moral et al.

(2020) asserted that a one-hour delay in class schedules can positively

impact students’ sleep patterns, thereby contributing to enhanced academic performance.

In the study conducted by Duranni (2022), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
shared that school nights more than 70% of high schoolers don't get the eight to 10 hours of sleep they
need. Over 70% of high schoolers lack eight to 10 hours of sleep on school nights, a problem due to
biological factors. Delaying school start times can help improve sleep quality for teens. California became
the first state to mandate delayed school start times, addressing the American Academy of Pediatrics'
recommendation for adolescents to start no earlier than 8:30 a.m. The change is expected to improve
grades, attendance, and graduation rates. Opponents argue it may cause logistical issues, but advocates
argue the benefits are worth the cost. States like New York, New Jersey, and Massachusetts are
considering similar changes. Studies show that teens get more sleep when school starts later, benefiting
their physical and mental health and academic performance

Strickland J. (2021), Arriving to school punctually allows students to settle in, greet teachers and
classmates, and focus on lessons. Chronic tardiness can hinder academic focus and relationships.
Showing up on time helps develop punctuality, commitment to learning, and reduces classroom
interruptions. As Springmont families prepare for 2021, it's important to make a renewed commitment
to arriving on time, benefiting both teachers and students.

According to Eric Suni and Dr. Nilong Vyas (2023), Sleep is crucial for children’s brain
development and academic performance. However, many students in the US are failing to get enough
sleep, leading to issues with attention, memory, problem-solving, emotional issues, and behavioral
problems. Parents should prioritize sleep for their children’s success, understanding the causes and
consequences of poor sleep to help them succeed academically. Sleep needs vary by age, with 9-11
hours recommended for 6-12 year olds and 8-10 for teens. However, 25% of US children suffer from poor
sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. Adolescents are more likely to experience sleep problems, with
57% and 72% of middle and high school students reporting less than recommended sleep, and 23.8%
experiencing insomnia. Sleep deprivation reduces cognitive abilities and can negatively impact school
performance in children and teens. Research primarily focuses on adults, but evidence suggests similar
effects in younger individuals. Poor sleep affects mental function and can lead to various problems.

References:

Moral et al. (2020) one-hour delay in class schedules can positively impact students’ sleep patterns
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372838684_Effects_of_Class_Schedules_on_the_Focus_and_
Punctuality_of_Senior_High_School_Students

Strickland J. (2021), Arriving to school punctually https://www.springmont.com/community/why-its-

important-to-be-at-school-on-time/

Dr. Nilong Vyas (2023), Sleep is crucial for children’s brain https://www.sleepfoundation.org/children-
and-sleep/sleep-and-school-performance