New Biology – a modern approach 1

Chapter 7: Effects of humans on the environment

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Percentages of trees covered by lichens (%)

Multiple Choice
Core Section

|!|EMA00700001|!|
Lichens are used by scientists as an indicator of air pollution. They grow well in clean air. However, growth
will slow down when air is polluted.
The graph below shows the lichen coverage at different distances from the city centre:

Distance from city centre (km)

Air is most polluted at

A. the city centre.
B. 3 km from the city centre.
C. 8 km from the city centre.
D. 10 km from the city centre.
□
##B##

|!|EMA00700002|!|
Which of the following measures are considered in environmental protection?
(1) to minimise the use of non-renewable resources
(2) to preserve biodiversity
(3) to avoid unnecessary packaging
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□

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##D##
|!|EMA00700003|!|
Which of the following is/are correct about greenhouse effect?
(1) It is caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
(2) It leads to a drop in air temperature.
(3) It causes polar ice to melt.
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only
□
##D##

|!|EMA00700004|!|
Which of the following is NOT classified as pollutants?
A. exhaust fume
B. agricultural waste
C. noise
D. global warming
□
##D. Global warming itself is not a pollutant but a phenomenon resulting from pollutants.##

|!|EMB00700005|!|
* Greenhouse gases include
(1) carbon dioxide.
(2) methane.
(3) ozone.
(4) nitrogen oxides.
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (1), (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
□
##D##

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Chapter 7: Effects of humans on the environment
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|!|EMB00700006|!|
* Which of the following correctly describes the source and effect of the pollutant?
Air pollutant Source Effect

A. sulphur dioxide vehicle exhaust irritates eyes

B. carbon monoxide coolant in refrigerator poisonous to human

C. carbon dioxide burning fossil fuels causes global warming

D. CFCs vehicle exhaust destroy the ozone layer

□
##C. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.##

|!|EMA00700007|!|
Which of the following combinations correctly describes the changes when manure is discharged into a river?
Dissolved oxygen Ammonia Bacterial population

A. decreases no change decreases

B. decreases increases increases

C. increases decreases decreases

D. increases no change increases

□
##B##

|!|EMA00700008|!|
Suffocation of marine organisms may be caused by
(1) crude oil spill.
(2) sewage.
(3) plastic bags.
(4) hot water.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1), (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
□
##D##

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|!|EMA00700009|!|
Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of deforestation?
A. destruction of ozone layer
B. worsening of global warming
C. more frequent soil erosion
D. a decrease in species on earth
□
##A. The damage of ozone layer is mainly caused by a group of chemicals called CFCs.##

|!|EMA00700010|!|
What is the correct sequence of sewage treatment?
(1) anaerobic processing
(2) aerobic processing
(3) screening
(4) sedimentation
A. (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)
B. (3)  (2)  (1)  (4)
C. (3)  (4)  (2)  (1)
D. (4)  (3)  (1)  (2)
□
##C##

|!|EMA00700011|!|
Which of the following devices is NOT responsible for pollution control?
A. a catalytic converter
B. a scrubber
C. a greenhouse
D. a sedimentation tank
□
##C. A greenhouse provides plants with a warmer environment to grow in, which has no relationship with
pollution control.##

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Chapter 7: Effects of humans on the environment
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|!|EMA00700012|!|
Which of the following statements about algal blooms is INCORRECT?
A. Algal blooms are caused by an excessive discharge of DDT.
B. Algal blooms may reduce the amount of light penetrating into water.
C. Algal blooms are found in Hong Kong.
D. An increase in bacteria population often follows an algal bloom.
□
##A. Algal blooms are due to a high level of nitrates.##

|!|EMB00700013|!|
* Which of the following are non-renewable resources?
(1) coal
(2) petroleum
(3) wave power
(4) nuclear energy
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (3) and (4) only
C. (1), (2) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
□
##C##

|!|EMA00700014|!|
Weeds affect the growth of cereal crops. Which of the following is the LEAST likely reason for the reduction
of crop yield caused by weeds?
A. Weeds absorb water from the soil.
B. Weeds absorb fertilisers from the soil.
C. Weeds will die soon and their dead bodies will poison crop plants.
D. Weeds produce numerous seeds which may cause overcrowding when they grow.
□
##C##

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|!|EMA00700015|!|
Exhaust fumes from cars are dangerous to us because they contain
(1) mercury compounds.
(2) carbon monoxide.
(3) nitrogen dioxide.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##C##

|!|EMB00700016|!|
* Which of the following are the main pollutants produced by traffic?
(1) carbon dioxide
(2) nitrogen dioxide
(3) sulphur dioxide
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##A##

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|!|EMB00700017|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) and (b) refer to the graph below which shows the effect of discharging industrial
waste on the living organisms in a river:

(a) The drop in algal population between X and Y was probably because
A. they were carried away by water.
B. poisonous substances were present in the industrial waste.
C. they were eaten by freshwater animals.
D. the industrial waste cut down the penetration of sunlight.
□
(b) At point Z in the river, a certain species of worm was found to be much more abundant than any other
places in the river. Which of the following is the MOST possible reason for this phenomenon?
A. Point Z contained more poisonous substances which did not kill the worm.
B. The worm was a primary consumer.
C. There was a lack of competition.
D. More oxygen was available at point Z.
□
##(a)C, (b)C##

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|!|EMA00700018|!|
Exhaust from a car contains
(1) carbon particles.
(2) CFCs.
(3) carbon dioxide.
(4) oxides of nitrogen.
A. (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (3) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
□
##C##

|!|EMA00700019|!|
Which of the following are caused by sulphur dioxide?
(1) irritation of eyes
(2) greenhouse effect
(3) destruction of the ozone layer
(4) acid rain
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1) and (4) only
D. (2), (3) and (4) only
□
##C##

|!|EMB00700020|!|
* Which of the following statements concerning CFCs is INCORRECT?
A. They cause damage to the ozone layer by speeding up the breakdown of ozone molecules.
B. They are classified as small hydrocarbons.
C. They are commonly found in spray cans and plastic foam.
D. They are used as a coolant as they have a low boiling point.
□
##B##

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|!|EMA00700021|!|
Biodegradable wastes include
(1) paper bags.
(2) rechargeable batteries.
(3) food debris.
(4) plastic cups.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (4) only
D. (1), (2) and (3) only
□
##B##

|!|EMA00700022|!|
Which of the following environmental conditions facilitate the formation of a photochemical smog?
(1) UV radiation
(2) a high concentration of nitrogen dioxide from exhaust fumes
(3) a layer of cold air is trapped near the ground
(4) windy condition
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1), (2) and (3) only
D. (2), (3) and (4) only
□
##A##

|!|EMA00700023|!|
Which of the following statements about water pollution is INCORRECT?
A. Algae can produce toxins to kill life in the sea.
B. Oil spillage can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in water.
C. Mercury can accumulate along the food chain.
D. Water is a non-renewable resource and hence water conservation is essential.
□
##D. Water is a renewable resource.##

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|!|EMA00700024|!|
Catalytic converters can reduce the emission(s) of
(1) unburnt hydrocarbons.
(2) carbon monoxide.
(3) nitrogen oxides.
(4) CFCs.
A. (1) only
B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1), (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
□
##C##

|!|EMA00700025|!|
Which of the following practices CANNOT prevent the production of acid rain?
A. banning the discharge of sewage into rivers
B. installing catalytic converters in motor vehicles
C. legislation to control sulphur content in fuels
D. installing scrubbers in coal-fired power plants
□
##A##

|!|EMB00700026|!|
* Which of the following conditions are necessary for the rapid growth of algae?
(1) inorganic nutrients
(2) ciguatera toxins
(3) sunlight
(4) hot water
A. (1) and (3) only
B. (1) and (4) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (3) and (4) only
□
##A##

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|!|EMB00700027|!|
* Which of the following statements about environmental protection is INCORRECT?
A. The preservation of biodiversity in different habitats is considered as important as the protection of
endangered species.
B. For development to be sustainable, three factors including the environment, ecology and society should
be considered.
C. Helping the panda breed artificially is a way to protect endangered species.
D. Marine parks and country parks in Hong Kong are under the management of the Agriculture, Fisheries
and Conservation Department.
□
##B. The three factors are environment, economy and society.##

|!|EMA00700028|!|
The main reasons for some species facing extinction include
(1) they are often hunted.
(2) their habitats are destroyed by pollution.
(3) they often have a low reproductive rate.
(4) they are often found at the bottom of a pyramid of energy.
A. (1) and (4) only
B. (2) and (4) only
C. (1), (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
□
##C##

|!|EMA00700029|!|
What are the possible effects of prolonged exposure to loud noise?
(1) nervous fatigue
(2) colon cancer
(3) psychological stress or irritation
(4) permanent damage to the medulla
A. (1) and (3) only
B. (2) and (4) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
□
##A##
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|!|EMB00700030|!|
* The benefits of assigning Mai Po as a nature reserve include
(1) easier protection of the wetland habitat there.
(2) maintaining the wide range of habitat diversity in Hong Kong.
(3) protecting Mai Po as a natural breeding field for many migratory birds.
(4) making Mai Po a place to educate people about the importance of conservation.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (2), (3) and (4) only
C. (1), (3) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
□
##D##

|!|EMA00700031|!|
Which of the following measure(s) CANNOT reduce global warming?
(1) decreasing the amount of fossil fuels burnt
(2) banning the use of leaded petrol in vehicles
(3) forestation
(4) stopping the use of CFCs in hair spray
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (4) only
□
##B. Apart from destroying ozone, CFCs is also one of the greenhouse gases.##

|!|EMB00700032|!|
* Directions: Questions (a) and (b) refer to the diagram below, which shows part of a sewage treatment plant:
Q

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Chapter 7: Effects of humans on the environment
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(a) Two different substances are added to the liquid effluent before discharge into the sea. Which of the
following combinations is correct?
Substance P Substance Q
A. chlorine bacteria
B. oxygen bacteria
C. chlorine chlorine
D. oxygen chlorine
□
(b) What is the purpose of pumping substance P into the tank?
A. It can kill all bacteria remaining in the effluent.
B. It provides a sufficient amount of mineral salts for the growth of producers present in the tank.
C. It ensures that microorganisms in the sewage break down organic matter into inorganic compounds.
D. It can displace all the oxygen from the sewage and thus stop bacterial growth.
□
##(a)D, (b)C##

|!|EMB00700033|!|
* Which of the following statement(s) correctly describe(s) the organisms shown in the photographs below?

(1) All of them are mammals.

(2) All of them are in danger of becoming extinct in the wild.
(3) They are all included in the CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora) Appendices.
A. (1) only
B. (1) and (2) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##D. Photos from left to right: golden lion tamarin, panda and white rhinoceros.##

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