STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE (SSD)

You are shown a crash scene with a vehicle and

a light pole. The vehicle was estimated to hit the
light pole at 50 km/hr. The skid marks are
measured to be 210, 205, 190, and 195 meters.
A trial run that is conducted to help measure the
coefficient of friction reveals that a car traveling
While descending a -7% grade at a speed of 90 at 60 km/hr can stop at 100 meters under
km/h, George notices a large object in the conditions present at the time of the accident.
roadway ahead of him. Without thinking about How fast was the vehicle traveling to begin with?
any alternatives, George stabs his brakes and
begins to slow down. Assuming that George is
so paralyzed with fear that he won't engage in
an avoidance maneuver, calculate the minimum
distance at which George must have seen the
object to avoid colliding with it. You can assume
that the roadway surface is concrete and that
the surface is wet. You can also assume that
George has a brake reaction time of 0.9
seconds because he is always alert on this
stretch of the road.
PASSING SIGHT DISTANCE (PSD) SUPERELEVATION

A vehicle moving at a speed of 50 mph is A highway curve has a superelevation of 7 deg.

slowing traffic on a two-lane highway. What What is the radius of the curve such that there
passing sight distance is necessary, in order for will be no lateral pressure between the tires and
the roadway at a speed of 40 mph?
a passing maneuver to be carried out safely?
Calculate the passing sight distance by hand,
and then compare it to the values recommended

Compute the impact factor for the horizontal

curve radius of 400 meters if the design speed
is 120kph.
A highway curve of a radius of 400 ft is banked CIRCULAR CURVE
so that there will be no lateral pressure on the
car’s wheels at a speed of 48 kph. What is the
angle of elevation of the embankment?

NUMBER OF LANES
A proposed highway is to be designed with
adequate shoulder and clearance in a level
terrain with the following:
AADT = 40,000 pcu/day
D% = 65%
K = 9%

Estimate the number of lanes that will provide

LOS B.
Given the following elements of a circular curve:
middle ordinate = 2 m; length of long chord = 70
m. Find its degree of curve, use arc basis.

The long chord of a compound curve is equal to

250m and the angles it makes with the tangents
are equal to 8° and 10°, respectively.

a) Find the value of radius of the first curve R1

(in meters).
b) Find the value of radius of the second curve
R2 (in meters).

COMPOUND CURVE
REVERSE CURVE Find the flattest common-radius reverse curve
(equal radii) that can be inserted between
parallel tangents 25 m apart without the
distance AD exceeding 250 m.

BROKEN BACK CURVES

The broken back curve shown is to be replaced

by a compound curve R2 = 1.8 R1.

Determine:
a. new values of radii
b. new values of tangents
 Given:
Sta. VPI = 20 + 265.000
Elev. VPI = 40 m above sea level
G1 = 4.5%
G2 = -3.8%
L =250 m

Compute the station and elevation of the

highest point on the crest vertical curve.

VERTICAL ALIGNMENT
 SIGHT DISTANCES AT SAG VERTICAL
CURVES

Given:
Design speed = 80 kph
G1 = 2%
G2 = -2%
Ss = 110 m
Sp = 550 m

Determine the length of vertical curve.