RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOURCES IN ETAP
PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM
PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM

• A solar photovoltaic (PV) system

changes sunlight into electricity.
Sunlight is caught by the solar panels
and converted into usable electricity by
the inverter. This can then be used to
power appliances in your home
directly, or stored in a battery for use
later when the sun is not shining. If not
used or stored, the excess electricity is
directed back to the grid.
• PV system have 6 major components
shown in figure.
PV CELL
• A photovoltaic (PV) cell, also known as a
solar cell, is an electronic component
that generates electricity when exposed
to photons, or particles of light.

=
IV AND PV CURVES

IV CURVE PV CURVE
IV AND PV CURVES
IMPACTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE
PERFORMANCE OF PV CELL
IMPACT OF SOLAR IRRADIANCE ON THE
PERFORMANCE OF PV CELL
• SOLAR IRRADIANCE:
• The solar irradiance is the output of light energy from the entire disk
of the Sun, measured at the Earth. Measured in W/sq.m.
• It is different on different parts of earth.
V-I CURVE PV-CURVE
FROM CELLS TO MODULES TO ARRAYS
• Module consisting of a number
of pre-wired cells in series.
• A typical module has 36 cells in
series and is often designated as
a “12-V module.
• Multiple modules, in turn, can be
wired in series to increase
voltage and in parallel to increase
current.
SEREIS CONNECT PV MODULES
PARALLEL CONNECT PV MODULES
SERIES AND PARALLEL COMBINATION