Lam's __ Frely falling body? | gtotement:- Changes from One foren to another Form The totad Mechanical energy oh the batt TE = PEAKE [ee=o} TEn = peake Ten = me +0 Tatal energy at Point ‘p" BE= mMgh he yen : Pe = ngtu-3) ke Lm Var. aor U=O, VEN OEG, SEX VR cort-agt Nt eagy Ke=Lmv® kes gm(sg4) Q) State and prove how oO conser Vation 4 energy in care The energy con nefther be created nor be destroyed but ft can be Consider a ball o% moss‘m’ dropped Frealy form 0 het be “Hn” iF weve? 4@ t Ht ©by Tee > per ke Te + mgh- mg + rage Tota! energy at point C° Bes mgh neo! Pe =mqlo) » Pe=0 kes dav viata U0) Vewrarg, StH Vv to). dgH Vie agu eis Kk im Kes Lm irgh) pm Tee « oF MH Tec # MgH A machine gun fives ste bullets Per minute dnd eosh bubet 4ravels with o velocity Ob Booms and mars % eth busiek Is BYms find the Power of machine gue? Given that m= 59m 20-005¥9 , N=360) t= boseC, Vr b00mi! pe prove P * 360% 0-005 x (600) > 3x60 Suoo uw P= SU KU) L$60 P= 15000u| : = | Whot Gre Collisions? explain the possible Wgpo Of comnsions? Develop theory Of ONE dimensionad elastic Collisions? Cotlisio ras P | A strong interation between. the bodfes.conich fnvotver to | exchange oh momento | these ore two type!- 1) Etostic Cottision | 8) Tn Elastic couision i Is ElOste collisions- | the collisions fm which born momentum and Kinetic energy are con sewed d+ To dastic (ouisions- sthe collision fo uohich Only momentum fs Conserved ‘One dimensionay Clasti¢ Couision : j | Consider ttw0O Smooth Spheres Of Masser Mm and ma dre moving totth Tanai Uy and u, im Same divection (=) | a) Becove collision . ACen cottision OAfter coltision, from tao Of conser vation of tinear momentum | MU, + MQUg EMV + MVD | MY — MME = Vy — Mae | Pr (uri) = My Wa- 49) ——— ©)& | Develop the notions O works and kinetic energy and Show — | that ft heads to work- energy therom- i As) Orkin The product o forte and displacement lute § = FSC0s6| i Kinetic Energy. The energy possersed by body by virtue of ffs motion Work Energy Theorom:. ‘The total work done dy a particte is equot to Chong e in | Kinetic energy. 4 | at a toed mve- om ProoF:- consider a particte Of mass (m) velocity moving with an initia? veloerty (U4) -uahen on externa foree acts on it mover witn uniform aceeteration (a) attoins vdodity Ww after LE Setonds: Let 189 be the displatement wkT VU: 80d, Matti plying “9” on both sides mM wLod BD © (wior)« Blvs) env genus mas Leyte 2 amv*- 4 2k o™ hae Bs gow? Lema? sw 5 The work - energy theorem fs proved b)| A pump fs required to lift Gookg of woter frorn 9 woe OF derp asm per minute ond the wotey eject with asperd Soms! then | find power vequired to perform the above tose: | Ah . ml sd Given that m-600K9, h=25™m, teimin= 60sec = 50MMs p= PETKE Timefiom Law df conservation of Kinetic Energy Somat Sengus = bev benave 2 smu Linu = bmyvs*- timo miturve) = motut-udy mr Carey) tuieve) = Ma (ve tus) (v2-U2 +— @) from 9 ey MUL) Cue vr) = Aa Leta) Ova “Us 9 Mi (aie) m2 Las-v2d UaND = gt Va ara = Va-v — iim A 0) Show that the motion of Simple pendulum in simple harmo. | nic and hente deme an equation oy time period. what: Is Seeonds| pendutumn? =) consider 0 simple pendutum ob length Us Tt consists & bod ef masm*. => Tt fs puted by a mat angle °8 and it fs dtvided into two components those are mgcos6 ond asin aed force sin For Sead ge sino Ye -mgo — O WkKT | F-ma—@® FromOe ® rfas -hgo a+ -qo-@ mgsing 9 © = ore length vodtus ork So from eq) O-g y) iEquation for Hme period WIKT, O-to*x — @) compare Gi) & @) 1 Geeond's Pendulum | | I is cavect Setond’s pendutum. im lb) Find the length 50 Simple pendulurn which Heks Seconds (q- Q:2m|s) Saf Time period oh Setond's pendulum , T= see ueeT oy. any SOBs 2 ofa 7 un [s] de oe unt de gar Qyh { Uv a8 ‘ L- qeaxy i a¥a8 deam : | A pendulum whose time period is a seconds!©) Shou that the moHon Of Profecton OO particle performing | untforen circular motion fo simple harmonic motion fs eonstant at any point on “W” path Simpte harmonic Qseitlators- ‘Any Botly System exituting sun is caved simple harmonic a Nactor q | ¥ we know that displocement of a ‘particle exicutin H Simple harmonic motion is y= Asin t —O Kinetle Energy of Simple Harmonie Osctilotor s+ _The rote of Change of displacement is coed velocity a ved ar) y ~a + v rae (Asin wt) Ve Aud tos tot ve Aw ([immniest Nhe Aw ( Fy ) exheme extinfe a weer thon a ve Aus (2= ) 7 aL aa A ve Kos parr ci ve (Jar-gi) kes gf omve ke +L (w"([azagi)* ) mes'( ATF "y” is the displacement of 0 porticle | energy | pe= F-mus%y4 TE = petKke TE* Frmes'y24t mes? (ALY?) “amps y aE musrar 45 mysry t Le bme|— © At mean position} yso 7 Luk TE - Pet ke re = FE my?+ & mus? (ALY?) TEs L mysy tsb mutat—Lmuye ® At eitreme positions. ya LIRT 9 TE pea Ke en the poten tad ox, Te = Smytats + mus?a*— tmutear PTE = + mus’a2| —@ um “The rate of Change of velocity is camed Accederation ar fw Se < (Aus cosest ) Gs WA (stout) as-us* (Asinwt) as -wry [esau] tthe Particle if Cirewar motion pet forming 3H et@ So \> by A simple harmonic Oscillator has a time perfod ob asec Lihat will be the Change fn the phose 0:85 a ften leowing then mean position Given -1fme period T- asec tlre st-0-95See Phose difference = uot $> Mroos g -Tre025 7 rey | } Id - I vadion| — am | Derive equation {or the kinetic energy nd potentiad Energy | ©} 0 Sienple harmonte OseiUlo tor and show that the tote enegy mo porticte on ony Atometers is stim imple —Harmonte motion :- | TF 0 particle is dotd tobe in Sinnple harmonic motion provided t 1<5 “The motion Should be toand fro about a ficed point and is periodic => The Ateeleration of O Particle isdivectly proportionad toyfts displace | ment in opposite direction i Chrewor Moti A consider a porticte Pi moving ono Circle Of vadrus “a dioth an angle | “wt's > Tt is moving with constant ang udise- direction: Ls Let the displacement @) 0 particte exicuting 8HM fs | hierstooe] —o WIT, The rate of change Ob displatement is tated Velocity ed vary -d : 1° a tasio®) wloy velocity “us” in anticloceA) “Ye vote Of change Ob Velocity is cattd Acederatton - a Fron © © &O ap “TE Of Simple harmonic ose?ilator remains Cons tant- i Explain reversible dnd tneversible process Describe the working of Cannot engine: obtain an expreasion for the efFicie- ney Reversible Prot A process that Con be retrotted botkfin the opposite clirection| urtth the Some states fs CaWed reversible Process | | Example: Wferting ob fee and Vopourisation woker Le Vesible Process « : i Aprocess thot cannot be yetraced batk fn the Oppo direction ‘3 cated an irvevesible Process Ss. = aaeaEIREIEEiimeeeeeeee seme t —e Gxt Free expansion 65 o gr Cornot!s engine i fA réversibte heat engine operating between two dtfFerent | temperature fs’ Called Cornot's engine Tt consists Source at high temperature woorting Substante Frsutating gtond anda gink at low temperature. i | shee the working substante of the Carnot eng foe we | | | be an deat go: TLsothermat expansion | | Tsothermad expansion at the qas changes ft states from CpyiT) | tO (Povo) | “The work done isbits Qrz ARTA f4]J—o ea) of Nye 5 tay Adiabotte €xpansion:- 3 ail Adiabatic €xponsior 3 Adiabatic esponsion o the gr changes tts state fiom (pvr) tO (P3v3ra): The work done is te by eae lala = Te um ae © “Taotherna Compression “The gos Changes its States from (P3vaT2) tol PywuT2) klork done is given by | see g, = nem dn [23] — @ | Adtoborie Co m0 preasiony- “he qos Changes fe state from (Puvurs) to lew teuvyts m) The work done is qnen by Wy ak (= —@ ‘Total work done by the ps #5 work | Source ‘Tt fy maintained at high temperation T Heat fo extracted by the worring Substance frorn this body Substance:® | Working aSubstance Tn diesel engine working ubstonee fs mixture ob fuel and air “4 converts Some heat into work and rejects the Femanining heot to the sink tt fs maintained at tous temperdture Te It absorbs the heat rejected by working Substances Tt obsorbs heat @, from the Source ‘and reyects thot J Q, to the Gink. So the woorkdone by the systern fy we &-O. €fficien w ye Nh-QrO & Net Or ' QTL T WO? UW) + Wa ~ W3 - Wy w- net; [A {xz} neta owt 5] w= net In (2] =netg In [3] Erficiency 1 6b coxnot!s angine is net-Qz a 7 Hee B nr (3 AR |[n (NZ | ee es Pi® | State Seeond tow of thermo dynamics. HOW is heat | | engine different from a ve Fridig erator P | Serond tov oh thermody no mies « | Kelvin Plane State ment? — SS It fs fenpossible to Construct 0 heat eNgine which Can completely convert heat energy supplied it into usetut work: Clausius Stotement:- | It is fenpossible to transfer heot energy from low tempera- “lure body to high temperature body - Heat Engine: Th fs adevite which Converts energy into Refridg erator! Tt is an ideay Heat Engine sWOrKINg in reverse divection and hence it fs cotled ay heat pump- To O refridgerator the workin Bunstances extract an | | | | Qenovnt Of heot Q) from the Cold resoruior at low tem pera tue Ty co-efficient oh performance B, pr & | -@ 8 & workin Supstance- |a i SAQ'S MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE | EN cee ee ee | | 1 A bast aii Verticality uputaidh uilth a. velocity 20mS" fer] she tp 6f O Mush Store building. “the height % ~the points fom | whee the bath is thrown ib 3a5-0m ftom -the Ground - pjttow high writ the batt aise 2 | 6) tow tong wit it be bepore the baw hit the qroundg q=iomaf [tah Gen ue dome q= tome fa) wet [he we | "4 he (30) AX 10 = oo 7 -») Given that | h= osm, u=20mst, q= toms s-h,us-u, a=g wer h = (-u)t +3 9e 25 = 20h +6) 4> 25 = -a0b+5¢" 5t-20t-25=0 Solving this O-e fet +, we ge t= 55 2° A car travels -the fiast thine of a distance witha Speed of 1okmph. the Second thicd at 2okmph and the last ‘thiad at 60Kmph: luhat: 7s 7s mean Speed over the entire distance. ake PenSetr Given V, = !0kmph Vo = 20Kmph | Va, = 60Kmph | Avaage Vetocty, Vavg = aviv] Ba 4 ViN2 V2 V3 +V3 Vi Vawg = 3.00) (20) (60) | (1016-0) + GoN(6o) HE oNlto) Mosq) =| 20080 LE 4 200+1200+600 — | B- Desive the Fapation x =Vott+tat™ using graphical method there the tetms have usual meaning 2 ; Sel Anta Under (vr +) graph gives displacement dioploeement = Anea ef neshangle + Area. of tangle i si | X= [4xVo +t + (4) (v-Ve) (.. v-Vo at) jx = vot +E) (OF) = X = Vot +kMOTION IN A PLANE 1 Tan | | 4 State the Aa Low ef Vectors? Derive the eqpiation | for the the magnitude and dinection of resultant vector) | | Pasay fous ep enters: ‘| | A: Tp two veetou are repacsented in magnitude and direction | | by tuo adjacent Sides of a. Prrattetogram drawn From a. | |= poind then thet aesubtont is 7epresented tp magnitude | and disection diagonal passing through the Same point- a5 4 OP =A 8B | 0s*=(op+PD) +Sp— | os’=op*+ PD'+2(0P) P(D )+SD-—>® Faom APSD PD = BCBSO Sp = Bsing —>@ Substitute ® fn © tue oct (os =(or)*+(pp}-+ 2.(opxPp) F SD™ | pre php B LoS B+ 2-A- BCs +B Sin’d pre we’ (eos8tsin’) +2ABCOS0 = AB FL ABCOO | ge—$—$<— [lateh hedgental meat is 1d paula Wun Tiel Wahi: ong la: > Consider a vagal projected Luith initial Vetocity Sulond Tt makes an angle ‘oe’ utith horizontal - = Tt Plows & path oAB ! athe initia velouity 44 the objerk iw resolved into two Components those O22 Uy = Utose ‘in herigontal direction | “and Uy= Using in Vertical direction. | Alona Hotlzontal dixention $ teat = ucose , 0=0,S=%, Seurtt ob X= (ucose)t +Ltot we (ucow) + Atong Vertical directions us using, Paik S=y t= S=ubth are im 2 Utose ies_ (usine mis 3 ie or ae |e +(ats)* =tano-e-+ [_9 L ¥ 5 fees) ek tane=A ond 9 _ pg u Cos 8 =. The pod of -the projectile w prrabota. 3+ Show that the maximum height and range ofa projectete| we LSM and wine respectively: Whee the terms Bat hove their requior rainy A Maximam ‘Height $ the greatest vertical displacement of a projectile ts Catted maximum heights Hee w= Sine, a=-9 » S=H/V=0 ss.) ae : wet, Vous 205 (o)— (usine) = 2€9)H) : | 29 H Hoizontal 0 the greatest hengenlat displacement oF a pouticte i cotted honigortal Aange. HEL Uy = UO, A=0, T= eel, SER UIKT => Se ut+Y> ab@ \ J ind), 1 fausin | Re (vee) (EO) + co (PAS eyo | eee A vectst Luthese magnitude ts zo | Position Vector » erigin ob a Co-etdinake System and b &W'? A: [A+B = a+b 20bC080 la-Bl = a+b" —r0bcose qiven |a+bl = [@-b1 = [0+ —rabro8 > aps hte Cab 2abtose Dabcos@ +2Abco0so =o | pe wasinecese |, | J : 3 Ly -Define unit verter, nut verter and Position Vector « A> unit Veetor | A verter ruthose magnituele i one apts lal Nutt Vector | A vector Luhich clesctibe posttion of particte Lutth nesperk +o 5-3 /&+6/ = |@-B] then paovethak the angle between & }.@® 6+ Show that the maximum height aeached by a projectile Qaunched ak an angle 45° & one qwiarker of its Range A WK se Maximum height, = usne —+@ izontal Ri a Houzoen! Onge, p = U'sin28 ce do R= Gee 0 pivide ev uitth @ j He usin’ 74 uw sinr8 4 _ sine # = ee 2y Lin Sine: Sing 5 Tx ~8in9 Lose came plim, sine R a 0s9 za ee ale alt |@ Laws OF MOTION | |) &) Stabe Newton's Second Law a motion Hente derive Hy eowation of motion 7 A+ Statement + “the Aabe ef Change of momentum 6) a body Ta directly proportional to the net fowe aus onit. Papo} Ausding to Newtons Second dau Fa SP at Fe k. oe Ot Fe KS (mv Se) Fe em: Ww (ve =e] at at p-mv) Fo kmo Ih t=! 4) A body moving along O- cirewtor path Suth it's Speed clays constant Should “Here be & powe atts 07 ie: Ee yer, centaipetal four curs ona body - — 2+ Mention -the methods ured to decteare ptiction A> “thee are four type eh methods +o Clerresue friction 4) Pots=== —= | Th Supare iB - pobished, then the iequlat en “ate mininized ay piction decreases + 2° Baw Bearings | FE Conveus Stiding friction ‘into Trotting friction. Hence Priction clecr eases: 5: bubaicants | Lubricants Qike CU and grease forma a-thin taser between two) | Suapaue ‘in Contact. Hence friction deereases, | lo. Explain Advantages and cfisodvantages ob friction 9 | ie Advantages + i > tue a an object due toftiction. —~ i [> le Can Walk on road Cue to fiction, [> Match Sticks are vighted cue to friction | I> Nails and Screws are fitted to the tuodden board due to | i i friction. i | Disadvantages e cee | i> Large amount ef power Low: \ [> cyictency does: > Heat ploduces and machine Chareagyes- | ja Lithy are Shock — absorbers Used to in motor vehivter Hand Cars explainy \* _> Tie we moves ovecan Uneven road, Lue recieve @|_y Shoux absorbers incacases Hime of jexk and decreases | Grmpunaive force. | L-+ So Shock absorbers cecremes the damage & vehicles. : fine the terms > Ppilcwa cascaie wie emmejet | Examples . La; Momentum —the product oh mars and velocity ® Cauted momentum: P=mwv mpulse » / —the product 4 fotce and time Sntewval & Catted imputse. J Fe AE Law eb Conseevation 6} Dinear momentum + Sh there 1s no porte QUES on a body the total momentum the body Aemoins Constant + Example $+ | Aceording +0 Lavo of Consexvakion 5 Momentum: Hl ete Po +Py =0 | we Ph = Py | Ean of the bomb = Final momentum 6} | the bomls: i mivy =~ MNa PoP@ 6: Stake 10105 6$ rowing peictiony ial af Rotting fiction depends upon creo. ef Contact. | —> Rotting faiction Clepercs upon radius of rotting boaty i> Rotting puction Ginectty proportional to hetmal reartion. et Seploin Limiting puction , Dynamic friction , and sl fiction, A: Limiting friction '- —the maximum Value of Static fictional force 1 is Cotted | Limit ng friction. Dynamic -Faiction » A a body moves Over the Surare of another body then thos Kinetic piictfon Robting fiction > : th 0. Body nous ovethe Suspare of another body tren} it has rolting friction. f= HenPsvstems OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL Motion A+ Stode cond prove the principle & Consewation of an: momentum « Eptain the principle of Conservation of angutar momentum buith examples: JA: Stakement + —— - aT, there ’& No resultant tere acking On a Actaki auystern the Angular momentum & the System Acmains constants Prof + Lihen o. torque Parks on a notating System then, os | ys dt dt | TUS = constant TUS = Ty 92. j Lxomoples — & man Storcs on a tutn table Lutth dumb — belts an nis Staethed handa- > TR the mon brings his hands Closer to his body ioment op fnetia decreases and Angutor Velocity INCY COLES» Hl > A bate: dancer detree his angutat velocity by ‘increasing his moment of inestia by Strecking hus | hands i ial between Centre ef mars and centre a { | Centar of Mars Cente oF Grovity DFE mans concenboted [Tet a ureight Concentrated points Point | are to mows > Te Aepers Lo Lueight. | > refers fees 9 b> Centre 6 mas need not} centre of qronity wes be inside the body: {naide the body. 4 Gre SMALL and reg uber] —> Fer daager bodies Cente] ed bodies Centar 6f af Mord and Centre Sf maw ancl Centre of Gravity vuitt not Coindde gnowity Coincide- | |? Fe doesnot depend op |) 74 depends on atceleratio | | oeceterotion on qaaity: * 1 | due to gaovity | 4 |S Depine angutas auceleration and tetaue. Establish the | gelation between angular atceletation and tpiqyse) HAs Ainguias Acceleration + 1, Fie. rae of charge of arquiar vesocity % Cotted ongutat|| croceterction: Tongue + “rhe ante of Change eb angutat momentum t4 cated tonguefe ' = 4+ Debtne vector product. Explain the properties ef Vertot product LuTth tuo examples 2 | As the Ceosd product of any two Vertes is espa to the product of nitude ofthe -two Veckets and the ‘sine’ 8 the angle betwen them: ‘Propeaties + —> Te does not obey Commutative law» - AxB 4 BxA | > obeys distibutive flaw: ax (B+T] = (axB]-+ (Axe) > Tp two Verto Qe poxautet [e= 0} AXB=0 “> Fp two Verto Ot perpendicutan (9=90") AXB= AB Exomele s it xP - | xt x] mM " eet 2 P= ¥x5. Define Angutar velocity (us). Delve V= v9? fs Angular vebodity F the rate ef Change of angutor displarement ig Cotted onguiar Velocity: Reladion between Angusas velodity and linen Wekasity let us Consider o partic moving on Cixcuumperence of | Ha cde of radius ty’. | the ponsicte make a Cluplatement ‘ds’ Lutth the angle ! de” moving fpom A to B- -y Angle = fat Length “4 *nadius J ds de = 3 ue | v fe ! vole =ds | ds = do Aipprentiote unto dt’ on both Side. BS Ly, dt at |G. Find the tetque of a fowe Fi+3)- Sk about the i etigin the 4pece aets on porticle Luhose. position veetor is [-i+k. Ex H+3i-51 y jall 41) ue t t 4.3-5 m= i (5-8)-IE 5-4) +E (3-¢9) y= i)-FCM+K 0) Y= +taj+i0F 1 410K = | of. Explain about the centte & maw eb farth —moon System | and its agtation around the Sun. @+ >the Laxth moon System antates about Common Fel eb ra >the man of earth & si times Qoager than moon. | ~) The Certre Of mara Bf earth —moon System ALlotively nearer to the Centre of earth: Ls so-the Centre eb mars 6} eatth ~ moon System Moves oxound -the Sun jin eipticad path-GRAVITATION nm 1 | 4+ Uthat la escape vebocity? obiain an exprernion for it Ay Escape Vetockty 5 7 the minimum velocity required luitth Lwhich a body Showd be projected + overcome. the earths grovitational feitd *w called escape Vetocity Lcpewsion '- Conider body of max m’ on the Suspare of a planet B masta ’ and radius “Rs Gravitational foe p= twtek done 3 PE = FXS pe = Gum ae Hp -the body we paojevted udith escape Nelocity (ve) Ke =Pe tue = me Ve = 24M RR ve = 2qM | z i f Ve = Pa : (am = 9R*] Ve = rae “ (ve = ed Km]sec ]@ 2+ Udhat & erbttal Velocity ? obtain an exprusion foe i, A: etbital velocity > ii | the Speed of a Sasentite tn its obit is carted ecbHtal | vebodity: ! £xpaoston > tet us Contider the earth o mans *M and radius’R’. A Saktttite 6} maa\m revolving in a Crowlar obit Ltt avebotity' Vo" ok height ‘NH. Compare © 4@ G qum mo (RH) (R+h) Git Ley Rth GM Vo = Vth a Rez rh, then bh’ Can be Neglected. GM = [@ [aha is qeosiationaay sateuiten state Tes Uses? A" Geostationary Satettite - [the Sateute Lthose time period of revolution 7s equat | to the -time period ©} Rotation ef the earth, | uses rae Stady the Size Anal Shape of the earth. + To -txansmit Tv Programmes +0 distant places: Pe To Study the vpper layers of the atmosphere. | 9 10 Locate the minerals deposit on the eatth. i a State Kepler tao of planetary Motion) (Arb Lows of etbit : AU planets aevolves Qtound the Sun in an etuipticar | @tbit- | 9. Lows Area , ithe Lines joining the planet to Sun Sureeps equat creas In ‘inttavols ime - | 1" & time aay | | i | 3: Laws @f time peated: aes THE Squaie Gf period of Revolution a a. planet direnty i paoportionar to “the Cube of the Length Sh Semi mojet ion |5: Dative the relation between accetetation due to gravity) (a) at the Sutpae 60 planet and qravitational Constant || (q)2 I | O. Let us Considet the earth 4 man‘M/and Aadivs‘R’ if f | © body Of marssm’ ptaved On the eatth « | | Gravitational Pouce - Fe emt (dn | paeight Lt = mg 9 © From® and ® -|| \ Feu | enh _ / Re a48 MECHANICAL | PROPERTIES OF Soups iiss Describe the behaviour Oh a Latix ' £ under graduatty | ‘increases Load? a A+ Hooke’s ta! | / i Latith in elastic Dimit Stren is dixety Proportional. to ! | Staalin: id the ppt & between Stxing oben W- OWA And Str akong J- axis. | | Propontionality Qimit+ | Stam i divetly propettionat tostarain it is obeyed | | Hooke aro: | Etoatic: Limits ' aIncreout ng the oad rom Strexs and Strain art not proportional if -the Load Removed the Lethe get ‘Breakin: King paint At the point ‘b” “the Lue begins thin at the Point ‘e’ ‘it Pinay baeaks 4 Coued breaking Sher: 2+ Bcplain -the concept ef Etastic potential en eta streched uure and hence obtain tne ae Hi it) a: Staain fhegy- strain enengy ‘athe enugy Stored in a body ducits is original dimension. the point *e’ & casted yield point. Clepermation ain ear ier xebongation| = ———| Detvation r | oe consider a wire ob Length “L’ and area af Coss Section ‘4 +0 a legotrning pout“ 4, ; x ley increne in Length 6p HIME: * Young stmoduluu af the Mike Y= i “AL ee JA E 7 30 | the Lust done to increase the Lute by aK dus = F-cd2—3) From ® §O dus = eR vdb: a Lo= fae i the amount eb tue done ‘n ‘increasing the bengty | ah wie -Prom oto £ 18 EL Us= ya (t- o} | i | Ud 2x Ext: \ the Luetk done ‘ie Stored ‘in as clastic. pote nia Sn | () ~ u= Lee us 4X Feuer x extenion.@ THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER In cohat in the anametous behaviour of water advantages +o UGkiC animal? Az *& Tn cotd countries daring winter season the upper evs of the seas lakes ate contyack and become ice and sink to the bottom « | Le this goes unei( total tennperature of water reaches to Ufc} seeurthey temperature Cals below ure TE expand and | [becomes Lighter’ [So the laver Layer protected agaest freexing by the |toyers of tce and watey at °c ,9% ,3°C ~ -- - anamolous behaviour of water in| [RDA this Loo aquatic animals tike fishes 16rogs : i pdvantage Ss 1 zrce © Temperature (t) f 2+Pendutum clocle fo 4° Fase in wWaker and stow 19 summer: why 7 Hane: Time peréod of & pendulum clock - Team Fe ra Summer? length of pendutum ctork expand in summer Season , Time perdod increases (Taiz) #hrequrencty decyveares (1 w=) & Number oF oscittation per doy decreases « Hence clock: eee Leith go stow = ; tatinters- | lbtength of pendetuenn clock contract in winter season . | lyrime period decreases - Lk-frequency Incveases: eo of oscil(akons per | increases hence clock ewtl! | ec fast - l — T3.cortte the Shore NOtE ON athe untts o€ derived quantities are calted derived units 1 (Sembee 1 Msec? 1 fsecd 1 Toule-@ @.ohat ts dienensional Analysis? [Atthe technique of Finding the correctness of the formula ts called dimensionot -Anatysis” express unified atorntc mass unit to kg | AS Caren = 62K 107* “4 (Dviow can systematic errors be minimized ov etirtnated? #Pnpreving experimental Techniques - * Selecting better tnstvuments MThe velocity OF a body is given by V=AL+GETC-TE “Vand *t’ ave expressed in ST, what are the units of A,Gand C7 JAsuntes of A - rr a (1 weet | units of g - -» U2 msec” Unies of ¢ — i msec MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LUNE @the states of motion and rest ave vetative length et the ey increase z 1 [PDwohy is te casiey 40 balance a bleycle In motion? Attherotating wheels of a bicycle passesses angutar momentum On the absence of external torque neither the. magnttude nov che cist direction of angulay momentum vs change. the direction jot fay momentum 1s ong axis OF wheel: So the bicycte doesnot titled - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS. GA copper wire o& [mmm diameter 1s styetched ey applying a € tonsFind the stress in the cotre? force © ‘At stress =_f a Tr ye LS > <3, yeo:SKI0 10 ~ 1 ——- SwESS > ZraxlosKo”) = stvesS 2t0243X(07 @A tungsten whe of Lengtn soc is stretched by O-tem. Find the strain on the etre - jAtLe20cr0 2aKto™M =, AL=Olemsi>/ strains AS ©-00S ‘ ‘a to 1o oO. 53 Strain = ar PETE SHIO8 E © TF an WON wire is stretched by Utes What is the strain on e voive? lansi- Strain = AL = rT stvaineo'ot | MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS - | Qpecine ariel aaa ave iE uNIEs and dimensions? | Viscostey? the property of a ftuid which opposes the relative |imotion betroeen 409 toyera © | Units =. = As. Hl 7 ee | pimenstonat Srmuta = MC TT @urat is the principle benied the carbureeor of an automobite? Ar the cavburetor of an automobile works OM Gernoultis principle - @uwry ave drops and bubbles spoerécat? “Hl At Due to surface tension -sphere has minimum suvface area shoo others * (Bgive the expression for the excess pressure in atiquid von Excess pressure in aliquid dvop > 2T ¥ where, TesurEace tension of Uquid . | | | Ye vadius o€ a d¥OP ie [@ajive the expression for tne excess pressure in an aly | oubble inside the Uquid? Ae P= 2T encess Pressure Instde the Uguid drop: | gp wheve, T surface tension of Uquid - | Veredus of the dvop(Bdqive the expression forthe Soap bubble in aly? Ata soap bubble has +0 surfaces. So excess pressure in a | soap bubble in aty = 2T 4 aT | vy Yy Put Y where, T=surface tension of the Uquid- Yevadius of the dvop [@ sae the diarnetey of 0 soap butkle is comen and ks | iguvface tension is 0-04 Ne find the excess pressure inside the ouloble ? Given, diometey=tommn »YSenm = sxto%m Surface tension T=c-0u Nai! Excess pressure 19 touldble P= ur Ps UxorOu of =32 Nini? - Hl SK Kk) Mention any two appltcations of Bernoulli's theorern. AtAppileations=- & Ventevimeter - ¥ Cavouretor #Dynamic tift On aly fotl - i Dynamic UFE on spinning ball wound in aly density of atmosphere at seq level ts 29 mafriAssume that te doesnot sheer with attitude then how igh woutd the eemperakuve extend? | At Atm pessure =h-Q-q trot x10 = he +29 9-8 i 79989 m= Km} (approx) - [Gdcateutate the esork done in Hawing a soap bubble oF ciametel” Orem against the surface tension: | AsGiven, diameters O-Gcmn , Yadiusso-3em = 3x 107emMoovk done in blowing a soap bubble Wester. We ek BAU X (3x10) Ka-S KITE Wz SKS AUXAK ITE KIS KIO” THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER: © Distinguish betioeen heat and temperature? At Heats Heat is a form of energy thakis transferred fom hot body £0 cold. # Te is scatar #5 unit is Toute - | Temperateves Ternpevatcire is a phgstaat quranticy whieh deCines [dhe thermal state of bode [Gt is scatay LE DES si unte bs Kelvin: | (Qrory. goPs ave teFt between neils on avai lwooy tracts? [At To allow Linear expansion during summer - @wohat ave the tower and upper fining poines 10 celslus and « Fahvenheit scates? AS Celsius scate :- Fahrenhett cate Lorcey Fixed point = 0'C lower fixed pointe =32F- Upper €ixed point = too © Upper Fixed point =ara°F can a substance contract on betibiig *Give one example. | AS Yes: €x: Indian rubber coaker at ic to we. {Borat is latent heat of fusion - HAz Heat alcsorbed by untt mass of swhstance £0 evconvert |sotid to quid .uchat 1s Latent heat of vopourisakion) . a Heat absorbed by unit mass of substance to convert 40 Lgyitd into vapour « Gworat axe the units and dimensions of specifi gas constanty fiunts-sug tf pimenstonat Samuta =Mecrr e why utensts are costed black 2eohy the bottom of the lutensils ore made of copper? Az Black =pgood conductors - Copper > good conductors of heat 4 @ventilators ave provided i voorns {use betow the rook why? | Atuot aty is Ughter, TE goes +o top @oecine emnissive power and emissivity ? 2 di tbe energy vadliated by @ body per unit time per unte surface avea at a given temperature is vange and wave lengtin ts catted emissive power OF the body ' Ui-the vakio of emissive power of a body to that of a black body at same temperatuve ts catted Eenissivity ‘ What 1S green house. ectect® Explain global umarmig? 4 when earth vecteves suntight re gets heated up and lernits infrared radiation Inco air But this: vadtations ts obsoreed by green house gases ts catted qreenpouss effect: Global wayming- TE ts defined as an average Increase in temperature of atmosphere neay the earth surface .® oat | 4 THERMODYNAMICS @oetine thermar equtitbvum. crow docs it Leads to aero Law of thermodynantcs - ide -thermat Cquilloium: Too systems ave solid said to be in thermal Jeqtitionum if ternperatures of two systems are equal land theve is no net Cow oF Meat between them when vey jore inthermnat contact + @uohat thermodynamics variables can decined by & a: 2eroth Law - tb Fivst low? LAs aR aevoth tase defines O Properey of matter catted = eemnperatunre » Pit Louw deCines a proper &q of energy: @A thermo étost containing a quid is shaken vigoroustg | what happens ties ternpevatue - ALAs work ts done On tine system internat energ arene anol there is slight increase in the temperature Of the | Uquid: How much witt be internat ener char in Tiisothermat process il, Acliabatic "process. | 2 CED isothermat procece temperature vermains 7 constant and internat energy remains constant therefore change in internat energy do: *# IM adiabatic process beat energy remains constant Theveyore change in heot energy dg=0 dut+dw=o0 dus-dw [-de-o] OS uihen work ta done by the gas then Te Tntennal —T energy decreaser and hence temperature decreases and vicevensa what ane the values of specigic heat capacity to a)inadiabaticsystens b) isothermal system. mat tie € systeno catted internal |[pe In adiabate process dg=o RIN isothermal process dT =O | KINETIC THEORY OF GASES “T (Goezine mean gree party - [AcTThe average distance between two collisions of go molecute mean free path = Bond (Guthen does a veat gas behave like an ideal gas? ra: At tow preaene And high temperature - (@erote boyle® law aud chantess law: AY Boyle's Zou: AE conctant temperctture pressure & inversely proportional to volume Choaless tau: At constant pressure volume & dineet{l propoytionat +o absolute temperature - & Stote Dolton law of partiot pressure - O° Toto pressure % minturve Of Garxer & the cum jos partial pressure | Dz 0, +P, +P, - ~~ - | @Owhat & the CApyession between presume and I kinetic en O gam ihe oad oF GO molemrte (eo othe vedation between the Pressure and Kinetic tnengu of given gu & eee EMS BRE eee ee eeeSg ideeneases in the volume af a 4 {| a Flaw G obtyed } Put Pv = constant tee + Pivy = Pev_e jlet Pr=too and Pp = tor then | \) | Ne Pi toy [ME _, | a Mv i i" Up-V, if Fr xo = Pe Pe " “ Timpt | i i | lOO-102 | —— xtod = { tor * a Wii shen premure Untrases by a!/e eohat Othe peventage| Veo.- (t xO an 9 Assuring Boyles ; a-l Pe } 100 3) Four mnolewues af a gos have emis gind RMS cpeed of the 9 i i Hi atl, Foy the Qos ems Speed we [vpaupangeevu’ | u 3 M14 BU 4 i (Gora uy f= u : faes Le vu Speed 4213 ond 4 as moleewe - ee