De Broglie & Uncertainty

1. Define phase velocity of a wave and show that a particle in motion cannot be represented by a
single wave. Hence define group velocity. 1+2+2
2. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a baseball of mass 1 kg moving at a speed of 10 m/s.
Discuss the reason why its wave nature cannot be observed. 3+2
3. A free electron has de Broglie wavelength 5 pm. Find the phase and group velocities of its de
Broglie wave. 3+2
4. What do you mean by matter waves? State and explain de Broglie’s hypothesis of matter waves.
Write down the characteristics of this type of waves. 1+2+2
5. If 𝑟𝑛 be the radius of the 𝑛th Bohr orbit such that 𝑛 number of waves with wavelength 𝜆 may be
fitted into the orbit, then find out the ratio of the Planck’s constant to the momentum using Bohr’s
quantum condition. What is the significance of this equation? 4+1
6. If an electron is subjected to a potential difference of 𝑉 volt, then show that the corresponding de
Broglie wavelength is 𝜆 = 12.26⁄√𝑉 Å. 4
7. If a particle of charge 𝑒 and rest mass 𝑚0 is accelerated by a potential 𝑉 then find the de Broglie
wavelength of the particle viewing the relativistic energy momentum relation. 4
8. State de Broglie hypothesis. Show that the relativistic de Broglie wavelength is given by
ℎ𝑐
𝜆= , Where the notations used have their usual meanings. 4
√𝐸𝑘 (𝐸𝑘 +2𝑚0 𝑐 2 )
9. Distinguish between phase velocity and group velocity. Show that the relation between group
d vp
vg = v p − 
velocity (vg) and phase velocity (vp) is given by d . 2+4
10. Prove that the product of phase velocity and group velocity for a de Broglie wave is constant for
relativistic cases. 3
11. Show that the group velocity of the wave packet representing a particle is equal to the velocity of
the particle itself. 3
12. State and explain Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle regarding the canonically conjugate pair of
position and momentum. 3
13. Explain the non-existence of electrons within the nucleus of an atom from the Heisenberg’s
uncertainty relation. 5
14. To what velocity must we accelerate a particle so that its Compton wavelength equals to its de
Broglie wavelength? 3
15. Compute the smallest possible uncertainty in the position of an electron moving with velocity
3×107 m/s. The rest mass of electron is 9.1×10-31 kg. 3
16. The maximum uncertainty in the position of an electron in a nucleus is 2×10-14 m. Find the
minimum momentum, given h = 6.626×10-34 Js. 3