De Broglie Hypothesis

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 Topics we are going
to cover today:

● De-Broglie’s
Hypothesis
● Heisenberg’s
Uncertainty principle

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 De Broglie’s Hypotheis
❏ It explains the dual nature of matter.
❏ Acc to this hypothesis, matter can also behave as a wave.
❏ The wave nature of matter was experimentally proven by Davisson-
Germer experiment.

Pattern similar
to light

e- beam

slit

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 De Broglie’s Hypotheis
❏ De Broglie associated momentum of the moving particle with the
wavelength of associated wave.

❏ This concept is valid to microscopic particles only.

❏ K.E for a moving particle = 1/2 mv2 = p2 / 2m = p = √(2m K.E)

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 De Broglie’s Hypotheis
❏ If a charged particle is accelerated from rest by applying voltage ‘V’
q K.E

Change in K.E = work done by applied voltage

K.E = q x V

❏ For electron, m = 9.1 x 10-31 kg, q = 1.6 x 10-19 C

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 If K.E of a proton is increased 9 times the wavelength of
the de-Broglie wave associated with it would become

A. 3 times

B. 9 times

C. 1/3 times

D. 1/9 times

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 Association of De-broglie concept with Bohr Model

❏ For an electron revolving around the nucleus

❏ According to De Broglie, λ = h/mv

2πr = nλ

Hence wave nature of an electron revolving around nucelus will be dominating.

❏ No. of waves made by an electron = n

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In H-atom, if x is the radius of the first Bohr’s orbit, de
Broglie's wavelength of an electron in 3rd orbit is:

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In H-atom, if x is the radius of the first Bohr;d orbit, de
Broglie's wavelength of an electron in 3rd orbit is:

2πr3 = nλ
2π(9x) = 3λ
λ = 6πx

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 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
❏ According to this principle, the momentum and position of a moving
electron can’t be determined simultaneously with 100% accuracy.

❏ If we try to to measure momentum accurately , error will occur in

position and vice versa.

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A particle with mass 10-10 g, if the velocity of particle is
10-6 cm s-1 with 0.0001 % uncertainty. Calculate Δx.

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 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

❏ According to Heisenberg, we can only define the probability

of finding an electron around the nucleus.

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 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
Relation between Δx and Δλ

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An electron is accelerated from rest by applying a
voltage of 6V. If Δx = (7/22) nm then Δλ ?

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An electron is accelerated from rest by applying a
voltage of 6V. If Δx = (7/22) nm then Δλ ?

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If the error in velocity and position are same, what is
error in De Broglie’s wavelength ?

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