Dr.

Mohamed tharwat
[TYPE THE COMPANY NAME]

Dr.Mohamed Tharwat

DMAT 201

01117106115
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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
Structure of matter
Multiple choice questions

1- Materials with interatomic bond will have:

a. High strength
b. High melting temperature
c. Low coefficient of thermal expansion
d. High hardness
2- What is the type of the intra molecular bonds in polymers?
a. Covalent bond
b. Ionic bond
c. Metallic bond
d. Secondary bond
3- Which of the following characterizes crystalline solids
a. Glass transition temperature
b. Lower internal energy than amorphous ones
c. Random distribution of atoms
d. Short range atomic order
4- The strongest intermolecular bond is
a. Ionic bond b. covalent bond c. metallic bond d. hydrogen bond
5- Solids which having body centered cubic system (FCC), contains………… atom/s per unit cell
a. Two b. four c. three d. one
6- Displacive transformation is characterized by:
A- Slow transformation B- Being accompanied by expansion
C- Involving breakage of bonds D- All of the above
7- Fraction of space occupied by the atoms is:
A-interatomic distance B-coordination number
C-atomic packing factor D-atomic weight
8- Crystalline solids are characterized by having:
A- High internal energy B- Random and short arrangement
C- Glass transition temperature D- Specific shape and form in their structure
9- The bonding forces between polymer molecules are mainly due to:
A- Covalent bond B-Cross-linking C- Ionic bond D- Van der Waal forces
10- Ionic bond is:
a- Electrostatic attraction between ions
b- Attraction between free electrons and positive cores
c- Sharing of electrons. d- Directional in nature

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
11- Ionic bond characterized by the following except:
a- Chemical in nature
b- Strong bond
c- Insoluble in organic solvent
d- The basic bond for polymers
12- Covalent bond is characterized by:
a- High thermal conductivity
b- Ionize in water
c- Weak bond
d- Directional
13- An example of point crystalline imperfection is…………………………
a- External surface
b- Vacancies
c- Grain boundaries d- Dislocations
14- The amorphous solids are suspected to:
a- Be detected by xray diffraction
b- Have low internal energy compared to crystalline solid
c- Have large number of unit cells in their structure
d- Have melting range
15- Metals are good thermal and electrical conductors due to
a- Presence of the cloud of electrons around the positive cores
b- Sharing of valence electrons
c- Dipole formation
d- Forming cation and anion
16- For secondary bond to occur ………. Must be formed
a- Dipole b- electron cloud d- positive core c- electron share
17- Covalent bond are:
a- Highly directional bond c- basic bond for metal and alloys
b- Physical bond d- intermolecular bonds
18- Displacive transformation of silica characterized by one of the following
a- Break down of atomic bonding
b- Slow transformation
c- Being accompanied by expansion
d- All of the above
19- Dental materials formed of strong inter atomic bond usually have:
a- Glass transition temperature c- low strength
b- Low coefficient of thermal expansion d- small hardness number

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20- Metallic bond characterized by the following properties except:
a- Chemical
b- Strong
c- High electrical and thermal conductivity
d- Translucency
21- The ordered arrangement of atoms in three dimensions is called
a. Semi crystalline c. non crystalline
b. Amorphous d. crystalline
22- Quartz, trydimite, cristobalite have the same chemical reaction with the same physical properties
a- The two statements are true
b- The two statements are false
c- The first is true, the second is false
d- The first is false, the second is true
23- Weak bonding leading to
a- Increase hardness and melting point
b- Decrease hardness and melting point
c- Increase hardness and decrease melting point
24- Face centered cubic space lattice contains
a. Six atoms b. two atoms c. one atom d. four atoms
25- Metallic solids are
a- Lustrous b- dull c- poor conductors d- translucent
26- Amorphous or mesomorphous solids
a- Short range ordered structure c- melting point
b- Low internal energy d- (A&C)
27- Crystalline solids are characterized by having
a- High internal energy c- random and short arrangement
b- Glass transition temperature d- specific shape
28- Displacive transformation characterized by
a- Slow transformation c- volumetric change
b- Bond breakage d- need high energy
29- The type of transformation from alpha-quartz to beta-quartz is called:
a- Reconstructive transformation c- displacive transformation
b- Ionic transformation d- none of the above
30- The smallest repeating unit that is contained in a crystal
a- Space lattice
b- Unit cell
c- Point defect d. None of the above

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
31- Isomerism occurs in
a- Crystalline solids
b- Natural rubber and gutta percha
c- Silica in dental investments
d- All of the above
32- Theoretical strength of the materials is higher than the actual strength due to:
a. High atomic packing factor. &. Presence of crystal defects
b. Regularity in atomic arrangement.
c. Presence of crystal defects
d. None of the above
1. Glasses have definite melting temperature F
2. The coefficient of thermal expansion of a material is directly proportional to its melting temperature F
3. Covalent bonds result from sharing of electrons F
4. Reconstructive transformation of silica needs less energy, occurs rapidity and involves breakage of bonds F
5. Materials have higher atomic packing factor, have higher strength and lower density. F
6. Materials with high interatomic forces of attraction will have high strength and high coefficient of thermal
expansion. F
7. The diffuse nature of electrons in metallic bond is responsible for high thermal conductivity and easy
deformation of metals. F
8. Displacive transformetion of silica from alpha to beta form is always accompanied by thermal expansion. T
9. Polymers are molecular solids where the primary covalent bonds influence their mechanical properties F
10. The different polymorphic forms of silica have the same physical properties and different chemical
properties F
11. Amorphous solids have their constituent atoms regularly arranged with repetition in the three dimensions in
crystal lattice. F
12. As the atomic weight of the material increases, its density increases. T
13. All crystalline materials have the same type of space lattice F
14. An amorphous solid is one in which the molecules tend to be distributed at random T
15. Metals are crystalline in nature T
16. Polymers have high mechanical properties due to the covalent bond F
17. The polymorphic forms of silica have the same crystalline structure F
18. The higher the interatomic bond the higher the coefficient of thermal expansion F
19. The internal energy of amorphous is lower than crystalline F
20. Polymers have a glass transition temperature T
21. Transformation of cristobalite to fused quartz is a reconstructive transformation T
22. Intra molecular bonds in polymer are chemical and strong while their intermolecular bonds are polar in
nature F

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23. Allotropy is the transformation from one chemical form to the other T
24. Presence of point defects in crystalline structure increases the strength properties F
25. Polymers have low mechanical properties due to covalent bond F
26. In atomic solids the secondary bonds control the properties F
27. Polymers have low coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction F
28. Imprefections increases the strength of the materials F
29. Glasses have lower internal energy than metals F
30. Diamonds are molecular solids where the primary covalent bonds influence their mechanical properties F
31. Reconstructive transformation is accompanied by volumetric changes. F
32. Materials have higher coefficient of thermal expansion usually have higher melting point F
33. The higher the atomic packing factor for crystalline solids the higher their density T
34. Density of the material depend on atomic radius and atomic weight T
35. The ionic bonds are highly directional in nature F
36. Covalently bonded materials are thermal and electrical conductors F
37. Opacity of metals due to the movement of valence electrons F
38. Displacive transformation of silica appears in transformation of α quartz to β tridymite. F
39. Ionic bonds are ductile in nature F
40. Isomerism occur in crystalline inorganic material as natural rubber F
41. Beta cristobalite can be transformed into beta trydymite F
42. Atomic weight affects density & specific heat T
43. Electrical &thermal conductivity are depend on type of atomic bond F
44. Ionic bonds are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in ionized solvents as water F

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
Physical properties
Multiple choice questions
1. A grey non vital tooth is one of:
a. High chroma
b. High value
c. Low chroma
d. Low value
e. Non of the above
2. Hue is:
a. The dominant wavelength
b. Color intensity
c. Degree of lightness or darkness
d. Non of the above
3. During the casting of an alloy best results are obtained if the alloy has:
A- Low density B- High density C- Wide melting range D- High melting
4. High thermal conductivity is desirable in:
A. Denture base materials B. Dental cements
C. Deep filling materials D. Impression materials
5. Mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between tooth and restoration leads to:
A. Marginal percolation. B. Recurrent carries.
C. Hypersensitivity. D. All of the above.
6. There is a direct relationship between thermal diffusivity and ………
a. Thermal conductivity
b. Specific heat
c. Density
d. Heat of fusion
7. There is an inverse relationship between thermal diffusivity and ………
a. Thermal conductivity c. Density

b. Specific heat d. b & c

8. Marginal percolation will cause all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Hypersensitivity B. Recurrent caries
C. Marginal adaptation D. Discoloration
9. An example of physical property is:
a. density b. strength c. stiffness d. elastic modulus
10. The ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum to its velocity in medium is called:
a. Metamerism b. polymorphism c. fluorescence d. index of refraction

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
11. An object never seen through
a- An opaque material
b- A translucent material
c- A rough material d- A transparent material
12. Metallic denture base is worse than non metallic one, due to high thermal conductivity of metallic one:
a- First statement is true, second is false
b- First is false, second is true
c- Two statements are true d- Two statements are false
13. Flourescence give ……………. of human teeth
a. Dull appearance b. discoloration c. vital appearance d. translucency
14. Opacity means:
a. The material that prevent passage of light
b. The material that permits passage of light but disperse it
c. The materials allow passage of light
d. Non of the above
15. Color parameter that represents the brightness and darkness of an object is:
a. Hue b. Chroma c. Value d. Metamerism
16. Color parameter that represents the kind of color is:
a. Hue b. Chroma c. Value d. Metamerism
17. Color parameter that represents the strength of color of an object is:
a. Hue b. Chroma c. Value d. Metamerism
18. The ability of sound human teeth to absorb certain wavelength (400 nm) and re emits another

wavelength (450 nm) is called:

a. Fluorescence b. Opacity c. Metamerism d. Translucency
19. Breaking of the marginal seal between the filling and cavity wall occurs due to difference in:
a- Coefficient of thermal expansion
b- Thermal diffusivity
c- Specific heat
d- Thermal conductivity
20. Breaking of the marginal seal between the filling and cavity wall occurs due to:
a. The large difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the filling and tooth structure
b. No difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the filling and tooth structure
c. Not related to the coefficient of thermal expansion between the filling and tooth structure
d. Little difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the filling and tooth structure

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
21. High thermal conductivity of dental amalgam (metallic) restoration is considering disadvantage while
high thermal conductivity of metallic denture base is consider advantage
a- First statement is true, second is false
b- First is false, second is true
c- Two statements are true
d- Two statements are false
22. The appearance of an object depending on the nature of light , this phenomenon called
a- Fluorescence b- Translucency c- Transparency d- metamerism
23. When water adheres and penetrates the material this process is called
a- Adsorption
b- Absorbtion
c- Sorption
d- Diffusion
24. Water sorption is the process in which water
a. Adhere to outer surface
b. Penetrate inside the material
c. adsorbed on the surface and absorbed into the body
d. Evaporate from the outer surface of the material
25. The amount of heat in calories or joules passing per seconds through a body 1cm thick, 1cm2 cross
section area when temperature difference is 1c is called
a- Specific heat
b- Thermal diffusivity
c- Thermal conductivity
d- Heat of fusion
26. An object can be seen clearly through
a- Opaque material
b- Translucent material
c- Transparent material
d- Fluorescent material
27. The rate at which a body with non uniform temperature approaches equilibrium
a- Specific heat
b- Thermal conductivity
c- Thermal diffusivity
d- Heat of fusion

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
28. The change of color matching of two objects under different light sources is called
a- Polymorphism
b- Isomerism
c- Metamerism
d- Non of the above
29. During casting melting of cobalt chromium alloys requires
a- Gas-air torch
b- Oxyacetylene torch
c- Electric furnace
d- Non of the above
30. During casting gold alloys melted by:
a. Gas-air torch c. Electric furnace
b. Oxyacetylene torch d. Non of the above
31. Metallic denture base is advantageous because it has high thermal conductivity
a- First statement is true, second is false
b- First is false, second is true
c- Two statements are true
d- Two statements are false
32. It makes the teeth bright and vital, as it increases the brightness
a. Metamerism b. fluroescense c. translucency d. transparency
33. Water sorption is the process in which water
a. Adhere to outer surface
b. Penetrate inside the material
c. Adhere and penetrate the materials
d. Evaporate from the outer surface of the material
34. Thermal diffusivity is:
a. Inversely proportional to density and specific heat
b. Directly proportional to density and specific heat
c. Inversely proportional to density and thermal conductivity
d. Directly proportional to density and thermal conductivity

35. On heating any material will expand . A measurement of this change in volume relation to change in
temperature is called the coefficient of thermal expansion
a. The first statement is true, the second is true
b. The first statement is false, the second is false
c. The two statement are true
d. The two statement are false

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
36. Dissolution of the outer surface of material with mild mechanical action is called
a. Attrition b. wear c. erosion d. solubility
37. Ability of the material to dissolve in liquid is called
a. Attrition b. wear c. erosion d. solubility
38. Slow leaching of plasticizer from soft lining materials causes the resin to be softened and therefore
become more effective as a cushion
a. The first statement is true, the second is true
b. The first statement is false, the second is false
c. The two statement are true
d. The two statement are false
39. It is advantageous to construct a lower denture form a low density material, and an upper denture
from a relatively higher density material to obtain good stability of the denture
a. The first statement is true, the second is true
b. The first statement is false, the second is false
c. The two statement are true
d. The two statement are false

40. Color matching should be done under two or more different light sources one of which should be
fluroscent lamp
a. The first statement is true, the second is true
b. The first statement is true, the second is false
c. The two statement are true
d. The two statement are false
41. Marginal gaps between resin composite restoration and teeth may be opened during the ingestion of
food and beverage due to
A. Difference in thermal conductiveiyt
B. The presence of pupal pressure
C. Difference in thermal expansion coefficient
D. Decrease in thermal diffusisvity
E. Deffrerences in specific heat
42. The thermal diffusivity through a material depends on the thermal conductivity, specific heat and
a. Latent heat of fusion
b. Coefficient of thermal expansion
c. Density
d. None of the above

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
43. Large metallic restoration should be made from a material that has:
a. High thermal conductivity
b. Low specific heat
c. High thermal diffusivity
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
44. During the casting of an alloy best results are obtained if the alloy has:
A- Low density B- High density C- Wide melting range D- High melting
45. High thermal conductivity is desirable in:
A. Denture base materials B. Dental cements
C. Deep filling materials D. Impression materials
46. There is an inverse relationship between thermal diffusivity and ………
c. Thermal conductivity c. Density

d. Specific heat d. b & c

47. It is the change in length per unit length of the material for 1o C change in temperature:
a- Heat of fusion c- specific heat
b- Thermal diffusivity d- coefficient of thermal expansion
48. The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gm of material about 1oC
a. Heat of fusion c- specific heat
b. Thermal diffusivity d- coefficient of thermal expansion
49. The heat in calories or joules required to convert 1gram of a material from the solid state to liquid
state.
a. Heat of fusion c- specific heat
b. Thermal diffusivity d- coefficient of thermal expansion
50. The ability of sound teeth to absorb and emit light is called:
a. Meta merism b- fluorescence c- opacity d- translucency
51. When liquid penetrate the material surface this process is called:
a. Adsorption
b. Absorbtion
c. Sorption
d. Imbibition
52. There is a direct relation between thermal diffusivity and
a- Thermal conductivity
b- Specific heat
c- Density
d- Heat of fusion

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
True & False:
1. Metals with high density have good castability T
2. The thermal diffusivity of the material varies inversely with its density T
3. The high thermal conductivity of metallic denture base causes thermal pulp shock and discomfort to the
patient F
4. Scattering of light in an object decreases its translucency T
5. The presence of scattering centers decreases the opacity of the material F
6. Metallic denture base materials of low density help the retention of upper denture and have good castability
F
7. A perfect match in the refractive indices between the dispersed phase (fillers) and matrix phase results in
transparent solid T
8. Large difference in refractive indices between the dispersed phase (fillers) and matrix results in opaque
material T
9. Dead teeth have high value F
10. Alloys with low density are very easy during casting F
11. Light weight denture base material help in retention of upper denture T
12. The most important color parameters in shade selection is the chroma F
13. The visible light has wavelengths ranging between 350 – 400 nm F
14. Opacifiers are added to resin composite restorative materials T
15. High density is an advantage in upper denture base F
16. Change in color matching of two objects under the same light is called metamerism F
17. A good thermal conductor is preferred for a denture base to maintain good health of the supporting tissues
(or to avoid burning sensation) T
18. Chroma represents the degree or intensity of color T
19. During casting low density alloys as cobalt chromium alloy need less force to allow rapid filing of mold
cavity by molten metal F
20. Thickness of insulating base materials are important factors in thermal diffusivity T
21. Acrylic resin denture base has the tendency for water sorption T
22. Coefficient of thermal expansion of restorative material should be lower than of tooth structure F
23. Thermal conductivity in dental amalgam restoration consider as an advantage F
24. Upper denture should have low density (weight) to allow more retention T
25. Coefficient of thermal expansion of metal should be close to ceramic in ceramo-metallic restoration to
provide metal ceramic bonding T
26. Coefficient of thermal expansion of material is inversely proportional to its melting temperature T
27. A tooth with low value appear white and vital F
28. Hydrocolloids impression material can be immersed in water solution F
29. Thermal diffusivity is inversely proportional to specific heat & density T

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 Dr. Mohamed tharwat
30. Coefficient of thermal expansion of denture base should match that of artificial teeth to avoid crazing T
31. Color matching should be done under one light source F
32. Thermal conductivity is more important than thermal diffusivity F
33. Adequate thickness of dentin or insulating base should present under metallic restorations T
34. Opaque material allow passage of some light and scatter or reflect the rest F
35. Gas-air torch used for melting of gold alloys T
36. Metals has high specific heat F
37. Thermal conductivity of metallic denture base consider an advantage T
38. Chroma is the darkness or brightness of color F
39. Glass ionomer cement characterized by leaching of fluoride which has cariogenic effect T
40. Light weight denture base material help in retention of upper denture T
41. Metals of lower density used for denture base construction allow both better retention of upper denture and
castability F
42. High density is an advantage in upper denture base F
43. Metals with low density allow better castability F
44. Change in color matching of two objects under the same light is called metamerism F
45. A good thermal conductor is preferred for a denture base to maintain good health of the supporting tissues
(or to avoid burning sensation) T
46. Chroma represents the degree or intensity of color T
47. During casting low density alloys as cobalt chromium alloy need less force to allow rapid filing of mold
cavity by molten metal F
48. Thickness of insulating base materials are important factors in thermal diffusivity T
49. Acrylic resin denture base has the tendency for water sorption T
50. Coefficient of thermal expansion of restorative material should be lower than of tooth structure F
51. For perfect color matching the refractive index of the restoration should be same as the refractive index of
the tooth transparent solids T

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