STUDENT NAME: ID:

Sana’a University
Faculty Of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
Part Section Marks
ME101-Materials Science & Engineering
1
FINAL EXAMMINATION – 2020/2021 /20 Year/First Term
Second

ONE
Examination Date: 14/01/2021 Exam Duration Time: 3-hour
2 /65
1 Examiner /5
TWO

2
Associate Professor /5 Al-Hatab
Dr. Khalil
3 /5
❑ =❑
Total mark in Figures 100 60
Total mark in letters
Signature:
INSTRUCTIONS:
 This is a closed book and closed notes.
 Only non-programmable calculators are allowed.
 Answer all questions.
 All work is to be done on the pages of this booklet.
 When answering the questions include all the steps of your work on these pages and then fill the answer
in the respective boxes where provided. For additional space, you may use the back of the preceding
page.
 A Formula Sheet is attached to the end of this exam booklet; if you wish, you may tear-off this sheet
only.

Q1 (20 points-1points/each): Write T for true statements or F for false statements: T F

1) Atomic mass is the weighted average of the atomic masses of the atom's naturally
occurring isotopes.
2) Lower the number of valence electrons involved, higher is the metallic bonding
energy.
3) Transition metals have mixed metallic-ionic bonding that leads to high M. P,
4) Strongly bonded materials have a lower thermal expansion, a larger elastic modulus
and a higher melting temperature.
5) In homogeneous nucleation, the probability of nucleation occurring at certain
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preferred sites is much greater than that at other sites.

6) The equilibrium separation between atoms can easily be found by finding the distance
at which the net bonding energy between the two atoms goes to zero.
7) A Frenkel defect is most likely to be found in crystal structures having a low packing
factor.
8) In general, the effect of impurities is useful, whereas the effect of dopants on the
properties of materials is deleterious.
9) In the peritectoid reaction; two solid phases react to form a new solid phase.
10) The intermetallic compounds experiences no compositional changes are said to be is
an incongruently melting compound.
11) The recrystallization temperature decreased with increasing the purity of metals.
12) Large impurities tend to concentrate at regions of tensile strain of edge dislocations.
13) As the amount of under-cooling ΔT increased, the critical nucleus size is increased.
14) Slip begins when τ RSSin slip plane in slip direction is smaller than the τ crss
15) Slip occurs most easily between planes have a relatively large interplanar spacing.
16) The ml quantum number designates the electron subshell.
17) Edge dislocations move in a direction perpendicular to the applied shear stress.
18) The high-energy grain boundaries are much more effective in blocking dislocations
than either stacking faults or twin boundaries.
19) is called the diffusion length, and is a measure of the distance atoms diffuse in the
time
20) The term polymorphism is used for pure elements.

Q 2 (65 points): Multiple Choice (1 points/each)

1) A low-activation energy and rapid diffusion rate are obtained for ……:
a) Crystal structures with a high packing factor b) Vacancy diffusion
c) Materials with a high melting temperature d) None of the above

2) Electronegative elements are most likely to...:

a) Attract extra electrons b) Give up a valence electron
c) Form metallic bonds d) None of the above

3) Molecule of HCL interact through.......:

a) Covalent bonding b) Fluctuating dipoles
c) Polar molecule–induced dipole bonds d) None of the above

4) In which crystal structure is formation of self-interstitials most favorable?

a) BCC b) FCC
c) HCP d) None of the above

5) The density of self-interstitial defects in FCC metals is...

a) Slightly greater than the density b) Low
c) The same as the density of vacancies d) High
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6) Diffusion of Ni impurities (solute) in Cu (solvent) depends on ….;

a) Thermally activated process b) Increasing temperature
c) Requires the presence of vacancies d) All of the above

7) The lattice strains that are found in the vicinity of a screw dislocation are.
a) Pure shear strains b) Pure tensile strains
c) Pure compressive strains d) Both a) & b)

8) Schematic room temperature microstructures for four iron-carbon alloys are shown. Rank these
microstructures (by letter) from the hardest to softest.
a) A-B-C-D b) B-D-C-A
c) A-D-B-C d) C-D-B-A

9) One of the atomic point defects in ceramic materials is known as a Schottky defect, which can
be described as:
a) Cation leaves its interstitial space and moves to b) A cation or an anion is
another. missing from lattice
c) Both a cation and an anion are missing from d) All of the above
lattice.

10) The wt.% of C in steels (α + Fe3C phase) is:

a) 0.3-0.80 b) 0.008-2.14
c) 0.8-2.11 d) <0.008

11) Each defect is not classified as 1D defects based on dimensionality …...:

a) Dislocation b) Dispiration
c) Twin boundary d) Disclination

12) When thousands of dislocations move on the same plane, they produce a large step at the crystal
surface that is known as a …...:
a) Slip system b) Slip line
c) Slip band d) None of the above

13) The combination of a slip plane and slip direction in metals and alloys comprises a slip system
that must satisfy these criteria ………….:
a) A close-packed planes and directions b) A high linear and planar density
c) Small repeat distance and smooth plane d) All of the above

14) In ionic solids, when point defects are introduced, the following rules have to be observed:
a) A charge balance must be maintained b) A mass balance must be maintained
c) The number of crystallographic sites d) All of the above
must be conserved

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15) The number of possible energy levels is determined by:

a) The principal quantum number b) The azimuthal quantum number
c) The magnetic quantum number d) All of the above

16) Each of the electronic structure of iron (Z=26) is writing according to Aufbau principle?
a) 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 b) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6

17) Consider the hypothetical binary phase diagram in next

Figure, the three-phase reactions that occur at points A, B,
C and D are:
a) Peritectic,
monotectic, b) Peritectic, peritectoid,
18)
eutectic and eutectoid eutectic and eutectoid
respectively respectively
c) Monotectic, peritectic, d) Peritectoid, monotectic,
eutectic and eutectoid eutectic and eutectoid
a) 2
respectively b) 0 c) 1 respectively
d) -1
Consider the hypothetical binary phase diagram in next Figure,

(1 Point)
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find the degree of freedoms F at
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point 2 (T =1000oC and
C o=30 wt . % B ) are (show your
work on the margin below):

19) Consider the hypothetical binary phase diagram in next Figure. Determine the composition of L1
and γ phases at point 2 (T =1000oC and C o=30 wt . % B ) are (show your work on Figure):
a) C L1 =23 wt . % B C γ =37 wt . % B b) C L1 =37 wt . % BC γ =23 wt . % B
c) C L1 =40 wt . % B C γ=23 wt .% B d) C L1 =23 wt . % B C γ =40 wt .% B

20) Consider the hypothetical binary phase diagram in next Figure. Determine the amounts of β and
γ phases of an A-B alloy at point 4 (T =700oC and C o=30 wt . % B ) are (show your work on the
marginThe
(1 Point): below):
amounts of β phase
a) w β =0.33 and w γ =0.67
………………………………………………… b) w β =0.67 and w γ =0.33
w
c) β
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=0.40 w
and γ =0.60 d) w β =0.60 and w γ =0.40
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21) One of the following reactions is not a part

of the solidification process:
a) Eutectic b) Peritectic (1 Point): The amounts of γ d)
c) Eutectoid phase
Monotectic
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22) The relationship between the atomic radius …………………………………………………
and the lattice parameter in FCC structure …………………………………………………
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a) a o=2 r 4r (1 Point): Relationship between a o & r in FCC
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b) a o=
√3 …………………………………………………
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4r d) None …………………………………………………
of the …………………………………………………
c) a o=
√2 above …………………………………………………
is: …………………………………………………
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23) ………………… is the number of lattice …………………………………………………
points per unit length along the direction: …………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
a) The planar density b) The linear …………………………………………………
density ……………………………………
c) The packing fraction d) The theoretical
density

24) Calculate the planar density for the (010) plane in simple cubic polonium, which has a lattice
parameter of 0.334 nm.
a) ρ P 010 =800.× 1014 atoms/cm2 b) ρ P 010 =8.96 ×1010 atoms /cm2
c) ρ P 010 =900 ×1014 atoms /cm2 d) None of the above

(1 Point): Calculate the ρ P 010

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25) If the properties are identical in all directions, the material is crystallographically…….:
a) Isotropic b) Anisotropic

26) Each of the following is an indication of how tightly and efficiently atoms are packed together.
a) The planar density b) The coordination number
c) The linear density d) All of the above

27) Determine the Miller indices of direction B in next Figure.

a) [ 2 1́2 ] b) [ 2́ 21 ]
c) [ 1 2́2 ] d) [ 12 2́ ]

(1 Point): Direction B
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28) Determine the Miller indices of plane A in next Figure.

a) ( 1́ 1́02 ) b) ( 1 1́01 )
c) ( 2 1́02 ) d) ( 1 1́02 )

29) Calculate the concentration of vacancies in copper at room

temperature (25°C). What temperature will be needed to heat
treat copper such that the concentration of vacancies produced
will be 1000 times more than the equilibrium concentration of

(1 Point): Plane A
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vacancies at room temperature? Assume that 20,000 cal are required to produce a mole of
vacancies in copper. The lattice parameter of FCC copper is 0.36151 nm, ρ=8.4 g/cm3 , ACu=
63.5 g/mol. and R = 1.987 cal /mol..K.

a) 1.814∗108 vacs ./cm3 & Temp.= 375°C b) 1.814∗105 vacs ./cm3& Temp.= 100°C
c) 1.814∗108 vacs ./cm3& Temp.= 200°C d) None of the above

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(1 Point): The concentration of vacancies (130)

Point): The temperature
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The most influencing factor of diffusivity

a) Diffusing species b) Temperature
c) Presence of defects d) All of the above

31) The following mechanism contributes very little the diffusivity

a) Vacancy b) Interstitial
c) Substitutional d) Self-interstitial

32) Within the elastic limit, each is not correct:

a) Strain is produced by bond stretching b) Stress is proportional to strain
c) Strain is produced by bond breaking d) Complete recovery of strain is
and reforming possible

33) Boron can diffuse in silicon by either a vacancy or interstitial mechanism. Which statement is
probably true?
a) Dint<Dvac b) Dint= Dvac c) Dint>Dvac d) none

34) Diffusion faster for materials with:

a) Closed-packed structure. b) Higher density.
c) Higher melting t. d) Lower Tm

35) Which one of the following is not basic component of Materials Science?
a) Cost b) Properties c) Structure d) Performance

36) During recrystallization, a new grain is formed that:

a) Have low dislocation densities b) Consume and replace parent cold-worked grains
c) Are small in size d) All of the above

37) During homogeneous nucleation, greater the degree of under-cooling, ______the change in
volume free energy ΔGv:
a) Greater b) Lower c) Won’t change d) Not related
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38) Critical resolved shear stress is the stress required to cause slip in pure metal single crystal. It
depends upon:
a) Crystal structure b) Atomic bonding characteristics
c) Temperature d) All of the above
39) Both nucleation and growth require change in free energy to be ________.
a) –ve b) zero c) +ve d) Any

40) A surface defect across which there is a mirror image misorientation of the crystal structure is
called ……:
a) Twist boundary b) Twin boundary c) Tilt boundary d) All of the above

41) Suppose we count 16 grains per square inch in a photomicrograph taken at a magnification of
250x. What is the ASTM grain size number?
a) 5.7 b) 6.7 c) 7.7 d) 8.7
42)
In (1 Point): The ASTM grain size number
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fact, early civilizations have been designated by the level of their materials development as the
following order…………...:
a) Stone Age, Iron Age, Bronze Age b) Bronze Age, Stone Age, Iron Age
c) Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age d) None of the above

43) The descending order of the Al, AI2O3, and Rubber based on the elastic modulus is …:
a) AI2O3, Al, Rubber b) Al, AI2O3, Rubber
c) Rubber, Al, AI2O3 d) Al, Rubber, AI2O3

44) Each one of the following ceramic materials is not a traditional ceramics material:
a) Porcelain b) Cement c) Silicon carbide d) Glass

45) ………………. are metals that, after having been deformed, revert to their original shape when
temperature is changed:
a) Magnetostrictive materials b) Shape-memory alloys
c) Magnetorheological fluids d) Piezoelectric ceramics

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46) ………………. is one type of smart system used in helicopters to reduce aerodynamic cockpit
noise created by the rotating rotor blades.
a) Shape-memory alloys b) Magnetorheological fluids
c) Magnetostrictive materials d) Piezoelectric sensors

47) The percent covalent character (%CC) of the interatomic bond that forms between carbon and
hydrogen. The electronegativities for C and H are X C =2.5 and . X H =2.1.

a) 5.9% b) 96.1% c) 2.9% d) None of the above

(1 Point): The percent covalent character (%CC):
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48) What type(s) of bonding would be expected for F2?

a) Covalent bonding with some Van Der Waals b) Ionic bonding
bonding
c) Van Der Waals bonding d) Covalent bonding

49) Each one of the following reactions is represent incongruent transformation.

a) Eutectic reactions b) Peritectic reaction
c) Eutectoid reactions d) All of the above

50) Alloying element that decreases eutectoid temperature in Fe-C system is:

a) Mo b) Si c) Ti d) Ni

51) In heterogeneous nucleation, a typical site for nucleation during solidification is:
a) Stacking faults b) Walls of container
c) Dislocations d) Grain boundaries

52) Higher solubility of carbon in austenite is attributed to ……… structure and corresponding
interstitial sites.

a) FCC b) BCC c) HCP d) SC

53) In a Rockwell hardness tests scale A, the shape of indenter is …….:

a) 10 mm ball of steel b) Diamond pyramid
c) Diamond cone d) None of the above

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Part two (15 points):

1. (5 Point): A cylindrical rod of brass originally 10.2 mm (0.40 in.) in diameter is to be cold
worked by drawing; the circular cross section will be maintained during deformation. A
cold-worked yield strength in excess of 380 MPa (55,000 psi) and a ductility of at least
15%EL are desired. Furthermore, the final diameter must be 7.6 mm (0.30 in.). Explain
how this may be accomplished

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2. (5 Point): Define the following terms (1 pts each):

a) Materials Science and Engineering (MSE):
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b) A quantum Shell:
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c) Pauli Exclusion Principle:
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d) The Aufbau Principle:
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e) Twist Boundary:
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3. (5 points) We wish to produce a rod composed of a single crystal of pure aluminum,
which has a critical resolved shear stress of 148 psi. We would like to orient the rod in
such a manner that, when an axial stress of 500 psi is applied, the rod deforms by slip in a
45° direction to the axis of the rod and actuates a sensor that detects the overload. Design
the rod and a method by which it might be produced.
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Formulas
Volume sphere: 4/3R3
APF: volume of atoms in unit cell/ total cell volume
 = n A/ VcNA
Nv = N exp [-Qv/kT]
D = D0 exp [-Q/kT]
Fraction of phase = length opposite phase tie line leg/ length of entire tie line
P+F=C+1
J = -D dc/dx = -D (cA-cB)/(xA-xB) J = M/At
(Cx-Co)/(Cs-Co) = 1-erf(x/2Dt)
2
%IC ={1−exp [−0.25 ( X A− X B ) ] }×100
Lever Rule: fraction of phase=(length of tie line to other phase)/(length of entire
tie line)
 = l / lo lf=l0(1+)  = F/A  = E  = G  =-x/z=-
y/z E=2G(1+)
Kt = m/o = 2(c/)1/2 m=2o(c/)1/2 U =2C2/E + 4C * =
1/2
2(E/C)
M 2 n−1
 = l / lo =  T N ( )
100
=2

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