Learn Arabic Grammar – The Easy Way

UNIT - 4

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Lesson Introduction &
1 Feminine Pronouns

Introduction of the Grammar part:

In the previous courses, we have covered the following:
• 3-letter sound verbs such as ‫ َس ِم َع‬،‫ َض َر َب‬،‫ ن َ َص َر‬،‫ فَت َ َح‬etc.
• 3-letter weak verbs such as ‫ هَ ٰدى‬،‫ دَعَا‬،َ‫ زَاد‬،َ‫ قَال‬،‫ وَعَ َد‬، َ‫ وَهَب‬etc.
َ َ
• Mazeed feeh (sound & weak) verbs such as َ‫ أقَام‬،‫ستَغْفَ َر‬
ْ ِ ‫ ا‬،‫ ا ِ ْختَل َ َف‬،َ‫ أ ْسلَم‬، َ‫ َحا َسب‬،َ‫ عَلَّم‬etc.
The 20 lessons in this course can be divided into 3 main groups:
B Verb tables for feminine gender, dual, and passive voice
C Nouns (places, attributes, and plurals)
D Changes in ‫ فعل مضارع‬because of “scissors” and “hammers” (you will know them later).

In this lesson, we will learn feminine pronouns such as she, they, you, me, etc.
You have already learnt ‫ي‬ َ ِ‫( ه‬she). Remember two changes for the rest of the words:
َ
• Change ْ‫ م‬with ‫ ن‬in ْ‫ هُم‬and ْ‫أنْتُم‬
• Change ‫ت‬ َ with ‫ت‬
ِ of ‫نت‬ َ َ‫أ‬
Make sure you use your left hand for practising these words through TPI.
Feminine Masculine

She ‫هِ َي‬ He ‫هُ َو‬

They ‫هُن‬ ‫ ن‬ ْ‫م‬ They ْ‫هُم‬
You ‫ت‬ِ ْ ‫أَن‬ ‫ ــِـ‬ ‫ــَـ‬ You ‫ت‬َ ْ ‫أَن‬
َ َ
I ‫أنَا‬ I ‫أنَا‬
َ ْ‫أَنْتُم‬
You ‫أنْتُن‬ ‫ ن‬ ْ‫م‬ You all

We ‫ن َ ْح ُن‬ We ‫ن َ ْح ُن‬
 Spoken Arabic
‫هِ َي مُ ْسلِمَة‬ ‫مَ ْن هِ َي؟‬
‫هُن مُ ْسلِمَات‬ ‫مَ ْن هُن؟‬
َ ِ ْ ‫مَ ْن أَن‬
‫أنَا مُ ْسلِمَة‬ ‫ت؟‬
َ
‫ن َ ْح ُن مُ ْسلِمَات‬ ‫مَ ْن أنْتُن؟‬
ِ ‫ اَلْ َح ْم ُد ِِل‬،‫ أَنَا ب َِخيْر‬،ْ‫ت ب َِخيْر؟ نَعَم‬
ِ ْ ‫هَل ْ أَن‬
ِ ‫ اَلْ َح ْم ُد ِِل‬،‫ ن َ ْح ُن ب َِخيْر‬،ْ‫هَل ْ أَنْتُن ب َِخيْر؟ نَعَم‬

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Let’s now learn feminine words for her, their, your, my, etc. You have already learnt ‫( رَبُّهَا‬her Rabb).
Remember two changes for the rest of the words:

• Change ْ‫ م‬with ‫ ن‬in ْ‫ رَبُّهُم‬and ْ‫رَبُّ ُكم‬

• Change َ‫ ك‬with ‫ ِك‬in ‫ك‬ َ ُّ‫رَب‬
• ‫رَب‬: Sustainer, provider, caretaker
Feminine Masculine

her Rabb ‫رَبُّهَا‬ ‫ ـهَا‬ ‫ـه‬ his Rabb ‫رَبُّه‬

their Rabb ‫رَبُّهُن‬ ‫ ن‬ ْ‫م‬ their Rabb ْ‫رَبُّهُم‬
your Rabb ِ ُّ‫رَب‬
‫ك‬ ‫ ــِـ‬ ‫ــَـ‬ your Rabb َ ُّ‫رَب‬
‫ك‬
my Rabb ‫رَب ِ ْي‬ my Rabb ‫رَب ِ ْي‬
your Rabb ‫كن‬ ُ ُّ‫رَب‬ ‫ ن‬ ْ‫م‬ your Rabb ْ ‫كم‬ ُ ُّ‫رَب‬
our Rabb ‫رَبُّنَا‬ our Rabb ‫رَبُّنَا‬
 Spoken Arabic
ُ ‫رَبُّهَا اِل‬ ‫مَ ْن رَبُّهَا؟‬
ُ ‫رَبُّهُن اِل‬ ‫مَ ْن رَبُّهُن؟‬
ُ ‫رَب ِ َي الل‬ ‫ك؟‬ِ ُّ‫مَ ْن رَب‬
ُ ‫رَبُّنَا اِل‬ ‫كن؟‬ُ ُّ‫مَ ْن رَب‬

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Lesson 3-Letter Verb table
2 for feminine gender

In this lesson, we will learn the verb table for feminine gender.
Just like in pronouns, we have similar changes in verb forms too.
You have already learnt ‫ت‬ ْ َ ‫فَعَل‬:
• َ with ‫ت‬
Change ‫ت‬ َ ْ ‫فَعَل‬
ِ of ‫ت‬
• Change ْ‫ م‬with ‫ ن‬in ْ‫فَعَلْتُم‬. However, the feminine of ‫ فَعَل ُ ْوا‬will be ‫فَعَل ْ َن‬.
Make sure to you use your left hand for practicing these words through TPI.
‫اض مُؤَنّث‬
ٍ َ‫فِعْل م‬ ‫اض مُ َذكَّر‬
ٍ َ‫فِعْل م‬
She did ✓ ْ َ ‫فَعَل‬
‫ت‬ He did َ ‫فَعَل‬
Spoken Arabic
.‫ت َخي ْ ًرا‬ْ َ ‫ فَعَل‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫ت َخي ْ ًرا؟‬ْ َ ‫هَل ْ فَعَل‬ They did ‫فَعَل ْ َن‬ َ‫ ن‬ ‫ـ ُ ْوا‬ They
did ‫فَعَل ُ ْوا‬
.‫ فَعَل ْ َن َخي ْ ًرا‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ فَعَل ْ َن َخي ْ ًرا؟‬ You did ‫ت‬ ِ ْ ‫فَعَل‬ ‫ ــِـ‬ ‫ــَـ‬ You did ‫ت‬َ ْ ‫فَعَل‬
.‫ت َخي ْ ًرا‬ ُ ْ ‫ فَعَل‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫ت َخي ْ ًرا؟‬ ِ ْ ‫هَل ْ فَعَل‬ ُ ْ ‫فَعَل‬ ُ ْ ‫فَعَل‬
I did ‫ت‬ I did ‫ت‬
.‫ فَعَلْنَا َخي ْ ًرا‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ فَعَلْتُن َخي ْ ًرا؟‬ You all
‫فَعَلْتُن‬ ‫ ن‬ ْ‫م‬ You all
ْ‫فَعَلْتُم‬
did did
We did ‫فَعَلْنَا‬ We did ‫فَعَلْنَا‬
‫ضارِع مُؤَنّث‬
َ ُ‫فِعْل م‬ ‫ضارِع مُ َذكر‬
َ ُ‫فِعْل م‬

She does ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬ He does ُ ‫يَفْعَل‬

✓
‫يَفْعَل ْ َن‬ ‫ لْ َن‬َ‫لُ ْون‬ َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬
Spoken Arabic They all
.‫ تَفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ تَفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا؟‬
They all do
do

.‫ يَفْعَل ْ َن َخي ْ ًرا‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ يَفْعَل ْ َن َخي ْ ًرا؟‬

You do ‫تَفْعَلِي ْ َن‬ ‫ لِي َن‬ ‫لُـ‬ You do ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬
َ
.‫ أفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا‬،ْ‫ن َعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ تَفْعَلِي ْ َن َخي ْ ًرا؟‬ I do ُ ‫أَفْعَل‬ I do ُ ‫أَفْعَل‬
.‫ نَفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ تَفْعَل ْ َن َخي ْ ًرا؟‬ You all do ‫تَفْعَل ْ َن‬ ‫ لْ َن‬َ‫لُ ْون‬ You all
do
َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬
We all do ُ ‫نَفْعَل‬ We all
do
ُ ‫نَفْعَل‬
َ َ
Spoken Arabic ‫فِعْل أمْر مُؤَنث‬ ‫فِعْل أمْر مُ َذكر‬
َ
.‫أفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا‬ !‫اِفْعَلِ ْي َخي ْ ًرا‬ Do! ‫اِفْعَلِ ْي‬ Do! ْ ‫اِفْعَل‬
.‫نَفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا‬ !‫اِفْعَل ْ َن َخي ْ ًرا‬ Do! ‫اِفْعَل ْ َن‬ Do! (you all) ‫اِفْعَل ُ ْوا‬
Don’t do! ‫َل تَفْعَلِ ْي‬ Don’t do! ْ ‫َل تَفْعَل‬
Don’t do! ‫َل تَفْعَل ْ َن‬ Don’t do!
(you all) ‫َل تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬

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 Lesson Mazeed Feeh Verb table
3 for feminine gender

In this lesson, we will learn the verb table for feminine gender of Mazeed Feeh verbs.
Just like in 3-letter verbs, we have similar changes in Mazeed Feeh verb forms too.
You have already learnt ‫ت‬ ْ َ‫أ َ ْسلَم‬:
• َ with ‫ت‬
Change ‫ت‬ َ ‫أ َ ْسل َ َم‬
ِ of ‫ت‬
َ َ َ
• Change ْ‫ م‬with ‫ ن‬in ْ‫سلَمْتُم‬
ْ ‫أ‬. However, the feminine of ‫ أ ْسلَمُ ْوا‬will be ‫أ ْسلَمْ َن‬.
Make sure to you use your left hand for practicing these words through TPI.
‫اض مُؤَنّث‬
ٍ َ‫فِعْل م‬ ‫اض مُ َذكَّر‬
ٍ َ‫فِعْل م‬
She ✓ ْ َ‫أ َ ْسلَم‬
‫ت‬ He َ‫أ َ ْسلَم‬
submitted submitted
ْ َ‫ أ َ ْسلَم‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ْ َ‫هَل ْ أ َ ْسلَم‬
Spoken Arabic
َ َ
.ِ ‫ت ِل‬ ‫ت ِِل ِ؟‬ They
‫أ ْسلَمْ َن‬ َ‫ ن‬ ‫ـ ُ ْوا‬ They
‫أ ْسل َ ُم ْوا‬
َ َ
.ِ ‫ أ ْسلَمْ َن ِل‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ أ ْسلَمْ َن ِِل ِ؟‬
submitted submitted
You
‫ت‬ ِ ْ‫أ َ ْسلَم‬ ‫ ــِـ‬ ‫ــَـ‬ You
‫ت‬َ ْ‫أ َ ْسلَم‬
.ِ ‫ت ِل‬ ُ َ‫ أ َ ْسلَم‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫ت ِِل ِ؟‬ ِ َ‫هَل ْ أ َ ْسلَم‬
submitted submitted
I
‫ت‬ُ ْ‫أ َ ْسلَم‬ I
‫ت‬ ُ ْ‫أ َ ْسلَم‬
َ َ
.ِ ‫ أ ْسلَمْنَا ِل‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ أ ْسلَمْتُن ِِل ِ؟‬ submitted
َ
submitted
You all
submitted ‫أ ْسل َ ْمتُن‬ ‫ ن‬ ْ‫م‬ You all
submitted
ْ‫أ َ ْسل َ ْمتُم‬
َ َ
We all
submitted ‫أ ْسلَمْنَا‬ We all
submitted ‫أ ْسلَمْنَا‬
‫ضارِع مُؤَنّث‬
َ ُ‫فِعْل م‬ ‫ضارِع مُ َذكر‬
َ ُ‫فِعْل م‬
She
submits
ُ‫تُ ْسلِم‬ He
submits
ُ‫ي ُ ْسلِم‬
Spoken Arabic They
‫ي ُ ْسلِمْ َن‬ ‫ لْ َن‬َ‫لُ ْون‬ They َ‫ي ُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬
.ِ ‫ ت ُ ْسلِمُ ِِل‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ ت ُ ْسلِمُ ِِل ِ؟‬ submit submit

.ِ ‫ ي ُ ْسلِمْ َن ِِل‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ ي ُ ْسلِمْ َن ِِل ِ؟‬

You
submit ‫تُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ ‫ لِي َن‬ ‫لُـ‬ You
submit
ُ‫تُ ْسلِم‬
ُ
.ِ ‫ أ ْسلِمُ ِِل‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ ت ُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن ِِل ِ؟‬ I submit ُ‫أ ُ ْسلِم‬ I submit ُ‫أ ُ ْسلِم‬
.ِ ‫ ن ُ ْسلِمُ ِِل‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ ت ُ ْسلِمْ َن ِِل ِ؟‬ You all
submit ‫تُ ْسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫ لْ َن‬َ‫لُ ْون‬ You all َ‫تُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬
submit
We
submit
ُ‫ن ُ ْسلِم‬ We
submit
ُ‫ن ُ ْسلِم‬
َ َ
‫فِعْل أمْر مُؤَنث‬ ‫فِعْل أمْر مُ َذكر‬
ُ َ َ ْ‫أ َ ْسلِم‬
.ِ ‫أ ْسلِمُ ِِل‬ !ِ ‫أ ْسلِ ِم ْي ِِل‬ Submit! ‫أ ْسلِ ِمي‬ Submit!
َ َ َ
.ِ ‫ن ُ ْسلِمُ ِِل‬ !ِ ‫أ ْسلِ ْم َن ِِل‬ Submit! ‫أ ْسلِ ْم َن‬ Submit!
(you all) ‫أ ْسلِ ُم ْوا‬
Don’t
submit! ‫َل ت ُ ْسلِ ِم ْي‬ Don’t submit! ْ‫َل ت ُ ْسلِم‬
Don’t
submit! ‫َل ت ُ ْسلِمْ َن‬ Don’t submit!
(you all) ‫َل ت ُ ْسلِمُ ْوا‬
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 Lesson Dual forms
4 (Pronouns & Past tense)

In this lesson, we will learn Dual forms: they two (they2), you two(you2).
َ
To make dual forms, Take the words ْ‫ هُم‬and ‫ أنْتُم‬and add Alif Madd at the end. You get:
They two ‫هُمَا‬
َ
You two ‫أنْت ُ َما‬
ُ ‫ ن َ ْح‬means we two or we all.
There is no separate word for “we two” in Arabic. ‫ن‬
Let’s take spoken Arabic:
ْ ُ‫هُمَا م‬
(Two Muslims) .‫سلِمَا ِن‬ ‫مَ ْن هُمَا؟‬
َ
.‫ن َ ْح ُن مُ ْسلِ َما ِن‬ ‫مَ ْن أنْتُمَا؟‬
ُ
Now, take the words ْ‫ رَبُّهُم‬and ْ‫ رَبُّكم‬. To make their dual forms, do the same thing: Add Alif Madd at the
end.
Their Lord (Lord of the two of them) ‫رَبُّهُمَا‬
Your Lord (Lord of you two)
ُ ُّ‫رَب‬
‫كمَا‬
There is no separate dual form for “for two of us.” ‫ رَبُّنَا‬means our Lord (for both of us or for all of us)
Let’s take spoken Arabic:
.ُ ‫رَبُّهُمَا اِل‬ ‫مَ ْن رَبُّهُمَا؟‬
.ُ ‫رَبُّنَا اِل‬ ُ ُّ‫مَ ْن رَب‬
‫كمَا؟‬
ُ َ ْ َ
ٍ ‫فعل‬: You know ‫( فعَل ْوا‬they did) and ْ‫( فعَلتُم‬you all did). Replace ‫ ـ ُوا‬with ‫ ـ َا‬and if it is
Dual forms for ‫ماض‬
not there, add it:
They two did ‫فَع َ َل‬
You two did ‫فَعَلْت ُ َما‬
There is no separate word for “we two did.” ‫ فَعَلْنَا‬means we two did or we all did.
Now use these words in Spoken Arabic: .‫ فَع َ َل َخي ْ ًرا‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ فَع َ َل َخي ْ ًرا؟‬
.‫ فَعَلْنَا َخي ْ ًرا‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫هَل ْ فَعَلْت ُ َما َخي ْ ًرا؟‬
What you learnt in this lesson is presented in this table:
ٍ ‫فعل‬
‫ماض‬
‫فَعَ َل‬ ‫رَبُّهُمَا‬ ‫هُمَا‬
2
They two did Their Lord They two
ُ ُّ‫رَب‬ َ
‫فَعَلْتُمَا‬ ‫كمَا‬ ‫أنْتُمَا‬
You two did Your2 Lord You two

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 Lesson Dual forms
5 ‫ اسم فاعل ومفعول‬،‫ أمر ونهي‬،‫فعل مضارع‬

Dual forms for ‫فعل مضارع‬:

َ ُ
You know ‫( يَفعَلون‬they do) and َ‫( تَفعَلُون‬you all do). Replace ‫ ـ ُوا‬with ‫ ـ َا‬to get the dual forms.

They two do / will do: ‫يَفْعَ َل ِن‬

You two do / will do: ‫تَفْعَ َل ِن‬
ْ
There is no separate word for “both of us do.” ُ ‫ نَفعَل‬means we both do or we all do.

Now, remember these all the four forms with TPI: ‫ تَفْعَ َل ِن‬،‫ يَفْعَ َل ِن‬،‫ فَعَل ْتُمَا‬،‫فَعَ َل‬
Let’s take spoken Arabic:
.‫نَعَمْ! يَفْعَ َل ِن َخي ْ ًرا‬ ‫هَل ْ يَفْعَ َل ِن َخي ْ ًرا؟‬
.‫نَعَمْ! نَفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا‬ ‫هَل ْ تَفْعَ َل ِن َخي ْ ًرا؟‬
Dual forms for ‫فعل أمر ونهي‬:
ُ ْ ُ ْ َ
You know the plural words: ‫ اِفعَل ْوا‬and ‫ل تَفعَل ْوا‬. Replace ‫ ـ ُ ْوا‬with ‫ـ َا‬ to get dual forms. Remember that there is
always a ‫ ـ َا‬sound in dual forms.
Do! (you two) ‫اِفْعَ َل‬
Don’t do! (you two) ‫َل تَفْعَ َل‬
Let us use them in spoken Arabic.
.‫نَفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا‬ !‫اِفْعَ َل َخي ْ ًرا‬
.‫َل نَفْعَل ُ َش ًّرا‬ ‫َل تَفْعَ َل َش ًّرا؟‬
Dual forms for ‫ اسم مفعول‬،‫اسم فاعل‬:
َ ُ َ
You know ‫ فا ِعلون‬and
َ‫ مَفْعُولُون‬. Replace ‫ ـ ُ ْوا‬with ‫ـ َا‬ to get dual forms.

Doers (two persons) ‫فَا ِع َل ِن‬

Those two who are
‫ول ِن‬َ ُ‫مَفْع‬
affected

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What you learnt in the previous lesson and in this lesson is presented in this table:
‫ اسم مفعول‬،‫اسم فاعل‬ ‫أمر و نهي‬ ‫فعل مضارع‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬
‫ماض‬

‫فَا ِع َل ِن‬ ‫اِفْع َ َل‬ ‫يَفْع َ َلن‬ ‫فَعَ َل‬ ‫رَبُّهُمَا‬ ‫هُمَا‬
Doers (two They two did Their2 Lord They two
Do! (you two) They two do
persons)
َ ُ ‫مَفْع‬
‫ول ِن‬ ‫َل تَفْع َ َل‬ ‫تَفْع َ َلن‬ ُ ُّ‫رَب‬ َ
‫فَعَلْتُمَا‬ ‫كمَا‬ ‫أنْتُمَا‬
Those two who Don’t do! (you You two did Your2 Lord You two
You two do
are affected two)
َ َ ‫ن‬:
Dual forms for ‫ص َر‬
‫ اسم مفعول‬،‫اسم فاعل‬ ‫أمر و نهي‬ ‫فعل مضارع‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬
‫ماض‬
ِ ‫نَا‬
‫ص َرا ِن‬ ُ ْ ‫اُن‬
‫ص َرا‬ ُ ْ ‫يَن‬
‫ص َرا ِن‬ َ َ‫ن‬
‫ص َرا‬
Two helpers Help! (you two) They two help They two helped
ُ ْ ‫مَن‬
‫ص ْورَا ِن‬ ُ ْ ‫َل تَن‬
‫ص َرا‬ ُ ْ ‫تَن‬
‫ص َرا ِن‬ َ َ‫ن‬
‫ص ْرتُ َما‬
Those two who are helped Don’t help! (you two) You two help You two helped

Dual forms for َ‫عَلَّم‬:

‫ اسم مفعول‬،‫اسم فاعل‬ ‫أمر و نهي‬ ‫فعل مضارع‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬
‫ماض‬
‫مُعَلِ َما ِن‬ ‫عَلِ َما‬ ‫يُعَلِ َما ِن‬ ‫عَل َّ َما‬
Two teachers Teach! (you two) They two teach They two taught
‫مُعَل َّ َما ِن‬ ‫َل تُعَلِ َما‬ ‫تُعَلِ َما ِن‬ ‫عَل َّ ْمت ُ َما‬
Those two who are taught Don’t teach! (you two) You two teach You two taught
َ
Dual forms for َ‫أ ْسلَم‬:

‫ اسم مفعول‬،‫اسم فاعل‬ ‫أمر و نهي‬ ‫فعل مضارع‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬

‫ماض‬
َ
‫مُ ْسلِ َما ِن‬ ‫ا َ ْسلِ َما‬ ‫ي ُ ْسلِ َما ِن‬ ‫أ ْسل َ َما‬
Two Submitters Submit! (you two) They two submit They two submitted
َ
‫مُ ْسل َ َما ِن‬ ‫َل ت ُ ْسلِ َما‬ ‫تُ ْسلِ َما ِن‬ ‫أ ْسل َ ْمت ُ َما‬
The two who are submitted Don’t submit! (you two) You two submit You two submitted

Note:
َّ
َ ‫ كَذ‬،‫ َس ِم َع‬forms in the homework. Remember that Surah Ar-Rahman is full of dual forms.
You may do ‫ب‬

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Lesson
Passive voice ‫فعل مجهول‬
6

َ َ ‫( ن‬he helped). The TPI sign for ‫ مَفْعُ ْول‬is

In course-2, we have learnt the passive voice forms for the verb ‫ص َر‬
shown with a receiving hand. Use the same “receiving hand” style for all the verbs here.

‫ مجهول‬- ‫فعل مضارع‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬

‫ مجهول‬- ‫ماض‬
He is being helped ‫ص ُر‬ َ ْ ‫يُن‬ He was helped ِ ُ‫ن‬
‫ص َر‬
They (all) are being helped َ‫ص ُروْن‬ َ ْ ‫يُن‬ They (all) were helped ‫ص ُروْا‬ِ ُ‫ن‬
You are being helped ‫ص ُر‬ َ ْ ‫تُن‬ You were helped َ ْ‫صر‬
‫ت‬ ِ ُ‫ن‬
I am being helped ‫ص ُر‬ َ ْ ‫أُن‬ I was helped ُ ‫ص ْر‬
‫ت‬ ِ ُ‫ن‬
You (all) are being helped َ‫ص ُروْن‬
َ ْ ‫تُن‬ You (all) were helped ْ‫ص ْرتُم‬ِ ُ‫ن‬
We are being helped ‫ص ُر‬َ ْ ‫نُن‬ We were helped ‫صرْنَا‬ ِ ُ‫ن‬
She is being helped َ ْ ‫تُن‬
‫ص ُر‬ She was helped ‫ت‬ ِ ُ‫ن‬
ْ ‫ص َر‬
Let us take another verb ‫( رَز َ َق‬he provided).

Spoken Arabic ‫ مجهول‬- ‫فعل مضارع‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬

‫ مجهول‬- ‫ماض‬
.‫نَعَمْ رُز ِ َق‬ ‫هَل ْ رُز ِ َق؟‬ He is being provided ‫ي ُ ْرز َ ُق‬ He was provided ‫رُز ِ َق‬
.‫نَعَمْ رُزِقُوا‬ ‫هَل ْ رُزِقُوا؟‬ َ‫ي ُ ْرزَق ُ ْون‬
ُ ْ ‫نَعَمْ رُزِق‬ َ ْ ‫هَل ْ رُزِق‬
They (all) are being They (all) were
‫رُزِق ُ ْوا‬
.‫ت‬ ‫ت؟‬
provided provided

‫تُ ْرز َ ُق‬ ‫ت‬َ ْ ‫رُزِق‬

.‫نَعَمْ رُزِقْنَا‬ ‫هَل ْ رُزِقْتُمْ؟‬
You are being You were
provided provided
ُ ُ ْ ‫رُزِق‬
I am being provided ‫أرْز َ ُق‬ I was provided ‫ت‬
.‫هَل ْ ي ُ ْرز َ ُق؟ نَعَمْ ي ُ ْرز َ ُق‬ You (all) are being َ‫تُ ْرزَق ُ ْون‬ You (all) were
ْ‫رُزِقْتُم‬
.َ‫هَل ْ ي ُ ْرزَقُونَ؟ نَعَمْ ي ُ ْرزَقُون‬
provided provided

ُ
We are being
‫ن ُ ْرز َ ُق‬ ‫رُزِقْنَا‬
.‫هَل ْ ت ُ ْرز َ ُق؟ نَعَمْ أرْز َ ُق‬
We were provided
provided

.‫هَل ْ ت ُ ْرزَقُونَ؟ نَعَمْ ن ُ ْرز َ ُق‬ She is being provided ‫تُ ْرز َ ُق‬ She was provided ‫ت‬ ْ َ ‫رُزِق‬

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If you know the two verb keys for ‫ فعل ماض‬and ‫فعل مضارع‬, you can make the rest of the forms easily. Let us
practice passive voice forms for some more verb keys:

‫ي ُ ْسمَ ُع‬  ‫ي َ ْسمَ ُع‬ ‫ُس ِم َع‬  ‫َس ِم َع‬

‫ي ُ ْوعَ ُد‬  ‫يَعِ ُد‬ ‫وُ ِع َد‬  ‫وَعَ َد‬
ُ‫يُقَال‬  ُ‫يَقُول‬ َ ‫قِيْل‬  َ‫قَال‬
‫يُهْ ٰدى‬  ْ ‫يَهْ ِد‬
‫ي‬ َ ‫هُ ِد‬
‫ي‬  ‫هَ ٰدى‬
Passive voice for Mazeed feeh verbs follows similar patterns. As an example, let us take the verb َ‫عَلَّم‬:

‫ مجهول‬- ‫فعل مضارع‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬

‫ مجهول‬- ‫ماض‬
He is being taught ُ‫يُعَلَّم‬ He was taught َ‫عُلِم‬
They (all) are being taught َ‫يُعَلَّمُ ْون‬ They were taught ‫عُلِمُ ْوا‬
You are being taught ُ‫تُعَلَّم‬ You were taught َ ْ‫عُلِم‬
‫ت‬
I am being taught ُ‫أُعَلَّم‬ I was taught ‫ت‬ُ ْ‫عُلِم‬
You (all) are being taught َ‫تُعَلَّمُ ْون‬ You (all) were taught ْ‫عُلِمْتُم‬
We are being taught ُ‫نُعَلَّم‬ We were taught ‫عُلِمْنَا‬
She is being taught ُ‫تُعَلَّم‬ She was taught ْ َ‫عُلِم‬
‫ت‬
If you know the two verb keys for ‫ فعل ماض‬and ‫فعل مضارع‬, you can make the rest of the forms easily. Let us
practice passive voice forms for some more verb keys:

ُ‫ي ُ َحا َسب‬  ُ‫ي ُ َحا ِسب‬ َ‫ُح ْو ِسب‬  َ‫َحا َسب‬
ُ‫يُنْزَل‬  ُ‫يُنْزِل‬ َ‫أُنْزِل‬  َ‫أَنْزَل‬
ُ َ
‫يُوْ ٰحى‬  ‫يُوْ ِح ْي‬ ‫أو ْ ِح َي‬  ‫أو ْ ٰحى‬
‫ي ُ ْختَل َ ُف‬  ‫ي َ ْختَلِ ُف‬ ‫ا ُ ْختُلِ َف‬  ‫ا ِ ْختَل َ َف‬

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 Lesson
7 َ‫ َح ِسب‬،َ‫ كَ ُرم‬Pattern
We have learnt that the 3-letter sound verbs occur on one of the following common patterns:
‫ َس ِم َع‬،‫ب‬
َ ‫ض َر‬ َ َ ‫ ن‬،‫فَت َ َح‬
َ ،‫ص َر‬
There are two more patterns of these 3-letter sound verbs:
ْ َ ‫ ي‬،َ‫كَ ُرم‬
ْ‫ اُكْ ُرم‬،ُ‫ك ُرم‬
ْ‫ ا ِ ْح ِسب‬، ُ‫ ي َ ْح ِسب‬، َ‫َح ِسب‬
However, َ‫ كَ ُرم‬is more common. Therefore, we will study this pattern only.
(Verb keys and noun keys are inside double-line boxes)
َ
He became generous :َ‫ كَ ُرم‬27
،‫فعل نهي‬،‫فعلأمر‬
Name of action ،‫ اسم مفعول‬،‫اسم فاعل‬
‫مضارع‬
ِ ‫فعل‬ ‫فعلماض‬
Be generous! ْ‫اُكْ ُرم‬ He is generous
ْ َ‫ي‬
ُ‫ك ُرم‬ He became generous َ‫كَ ُرم‬
Be generous!
‫اُكْ ُرمُ ْوا‬ They are ْ َ‫ي‬
َ‫ك ُرمُ ْون‬ They became generous ‫كَ ُرمُ ْوا‬
(you all) generous
Don’t be generous!
ْ َ ‫َل ت‬
ْ‫ك ُرم‬ You all are ُ‫ك ُرم‬ْ َ‫ت‬ You became generous ‫ت‬َ ْ‫كَ ُرم‬
generous
Don’t be generous!
‫ك ُرمُ ْوا‬ْ َ ‫َل ت‬ I am generous ُ‫أَكْ ُرم‬ I became generous ‫ت‬ ُ ‫كَ ُر ْم‬
(you all)
Generous ‫كَرِيْم‬ You all are ْ َ‫ت‬
َ‫ك ُرمُ ْون‬ You all became ْ‫كَ ُرمْتُم‬
generous generous
- - We are generous
ْ َ‫ن‬
ُ‫ك ُرم‬ We became generous ‫كَ ُرمْنَا‬
to be generous ‫ كَ َرامَة‬،‫كَ ْرم‬ She is generous
ْ َ‫ت‬
ُ‫ك ُرم‬ She became generous ْ ‫كَ ُر َم‬
‫ت‬
Verbs on َ‫ كَ ُرم‬pattern in the Qur’an:
Meaning Name of the action ‫اسم مفعول‬ ‫اسم فاعل‬ ‫فعل أمر‬ ‫فعل مضارع‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬
‫ماض‬ Rep.
to be generous ‫ كَ َرامَة‬،‫كَ َرم‬ ‫۔‬ ‫كَ ِريم‬ ْ‫اُكْ ُرم‬ ُ‫ك ُرم‬ْ َ‫ي‬ َ‫كَ ُرم‬ 27

to be wise ‫كمَة‬ ْ ‫ ِح‬،‫كم‬ ْ ‫ُح‬ ‫۔‬ ‫َح ِكيم‬ ْ ‫كم‬ ُ ‫ا ُ ْح‬ ُ ‫كم‬ ُ ‫ي َ ْح‬ َ ‫كم‬ ُ ‫َح‬ 197

to be great ‫ عَ َظامَة‬،‫ِع َظم‬ - ‫عَ ِظيم‬ ْ‫اُعْ ُظم‬ ُ‫يَعْ ُظم‬ َ‫عَ ُظم‬ 107

to be more ‫ كَث ْ َرة‬،‫كُثْر‬ ‫۔‬ ‫كَثِير‬ ‫اُكْث ُ ْر‬ ‫كث ُ ُر‬ْ َ‫ي‬ ‫كَث ُ َر‬ 78

to perceive ‫صارَة‬َ َ ‫ ب‬،‫صر‬

َ َ‫ب‬ - ‫صير‬ِ َ‫ب‬ ‫ص ْر‬ ُ ْ‫اُب‬ ‫ص ُر‬ ُ ْ ‫يَب‬ ‫ص َر‬ ُ َ‫ب‬ 66

to be big ‫ كُبْر‬،‫كِبَر‬ - ‫كَبِير‬ ‫اُكْب ُ ْر‬ ‫كب ُ ُر‬ ْ َ‫ي‬ ‫كَب ُ َر‬ 58

to be far ‫بُعْد‬ - ‫بَعِيد‬ ‫اُبْعُ ْد‬ ‫يَبْعُ ُد‬ ‫بَعُ َد‬ 33

Please note that…

• The above verbs do not have any object.
• Their name of ‫ فاعل‬is on the pattern of ‫فعيل‬.
• ِ ‫ َح‬،‫ كَ ِريم‬etc.) are taken as attributes (‫ )صفات‬about which you will
Some of these ‫( اسم فاعل‬like ‫كيم‬
study later.

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Lesson
Name of a place ‫مَكن‬ ‫اسم‬
8
In the Arabic language, there are many rules to make the name of a place or destination. Here, we will learn 3
rules in this lesson.
Rule: 1
➢ The plural form of ‫ َم ْخ َرج‬is ‫ َم َخارِج‬, not ‫ َم ْخ َر ُجون‬or ‫ َم ْخ َرجِين‬. You already know that this is Broken Plural.
+ ِ َ َ
‫مفاعل‬ Place of doing ََْ
‫مفعل‬ He did َ ََ ‫فعل‬
+
‫مَ َخارِج‬ Exit ‫مَ ْخ َرج‬ he came out ‫َخ َر َج‬
+ ِ َ َ
‫مذاهب‬ religion - path ‫مَ ْذهَب‬ he went َ‫ذَهَب‬
+
‫مَ َدا ِخل‬ entrance ‫مَ ْد َخل‬ he entered َ ‫دَ َخل‬
َ
.‫اَلْمَ ْد َخل إِلَى الْي َ ِمي ْ ِن‬ ‫أي ْ َن الْمَ ْد َخلُ؟‬
َ
.ِ ‫اَلْ َم ْخ َرج إِلَى الْي َ َسار‬ ‫أي ْ َن الْ َم ْخ َر ُج؟‬
Rule: 2
+
‫مَفَا ِعل‬ Place of doing ‫مَفْعِل‬ He did َ ‫فَعَل‬
+
‫مَ َساجِد‬ place of prostration – Mosque ‫مَ ْسجِد‬ he prostrated ‫ج َد‬ َ ‫َس‬
+
‫مَ َشارِق‬ the place of sunrise - East ‫مَ ْشرِق‬ rose ‫َش َر َق‬
+
‫مَغَارِب‬ the place of Sunset - West ‫مَغْرِب‬ set َ ‫غ َ َر‬
‫ب‬
‫ت فِي الْمَ ْس ِج ِد‬ ُ ْ ‫صلَّي‬
َ ،ْ‫نَعَم‬ ‫ت فِي الْ َم ْس ِج ِد؟‬ َ ْ ‫صلَّي‬ َ ْ ‫هَل‬
‫الشمْ ُس مِ َن الْمَ ْشرِ ِق‬ َّ ‫تَ ْطل ُ ُع‬ ‫الشمْ ُس؟‬ َّ ‫مِ ْن أَي ْ َن ت َ ْطل ُ ُع‬
‫الش ْم ُس فِي الْ َمغ ْ ِر ِب‬
َّ ‫ب‬ ُ ‫تَغ ْ ُر‬ َّ ‫ب‬
‫الشمْ ُس؟‬ ُ ‫أَي ْ َن تَغ ْ ُر‬
Rule: 3
‫مَفَاعل‬
+ ِ Place of doing ‫مَفْعَلَة‬ He did َ ‫فَعَل‬
+ ُ َ َ
‫مدارِس‬ place of study, school ‫مَ ْدرَ َسة‬ he read/ studied ‫دَرَ َس‬
+ُ ِ َ َ
‫ممالك‬ the place of possession, kingdom ‫كة‬َ َ ‫مَمْل‬ he possessed َ َ ‫مَل‬
‫ك‬
+ ِ َ َ
ُ‫مَكتب‬ the place of writing, library ‫كتَبَة‬ْ َ‫م‬ he wrote َ‫كَتَب‬
َّ ‫أَذْهَبُ إِلَى الْمَ ْدرَ َسة ِ فِى‬
ِ َ ‫الصب‬
‫اح‬ ْ ْ‫مَتٰى ت َ ْذهَبُ إِلَى ال‬
‫مدرَ َسةِ؟‬
ِ ‫كتَبَة ُ أَمَامَ الْمَ ْدرَ َسة‬
ْ َ‫اَلْم‬ ‫كتَبَةُ؟‬ْ َ‫أَي ْ َن الْم‬
ْ َ‫ م‬of my house, I go to ‫مَ ْسجِد‬and then to ‫مَ ْدرَ َسة‬.
➢ A tip to remember these three rules: I come out of ‫خ َرج‬
َ َ‫ م‬،‫مَ َخارِج‬.
Their plural styles are same: ‫ مَ َدارِس‬،‫ساجِد‬

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 Lesson
9 Words for ‫ مبالغة‬،‫ تفضيل‬،‫صفت‬

More Grammar:
➢ You have already learnt ‫( فَا ِعل‬the doer). For example, ‫صر‬
ِ ‫ نَا‬is the one who helps. It is not necessary that
he should always be helping.
➢ However, if he always does so then it becomes his attribute (‫صفَة‬ ِ ). In such a case, we use ‫ن َ ِصيْر‬,
indicating that helping is his attribute. The pattern is ‫فَعِيْل‬.
َ
➢ If he has this quality more than others, then the word will take the pattern of ‫( أفْعَل‬more than ‫)فَعِيْل‬.

ِ ْ‫تَف‬
‫ضي ْل‬ ‫صفَة‬
ِ
َ
bigger, biggest ‫أكْبَر‬ big )fg ‫كَبِيْر (كَبِي ْ َرة‬
َ
most ‫أكْثَر‬ more )fg ‫كَثِيْر (كَثِي ْ َرة‬
َ
more merciful ‫أرْ َحم‬ merciful ‫رَ ِحيْم‬
greater ْ‫أَعْ َظم‬ great ‫عَ ِظيْم‬
َ
more severe ‫أ َشد‬ severe ‫َش ِديْد‬
َ
higher ‫أعْ ٰل‬ high ‫عَلِي‬
َ
more Knowledgeable ‫أعْلَم‬ Knowledgeable ‫عَلِيْم‬
َ
nearer ‫أق ْ َرب‬ near ‫ق َ ِريْب‬
َ
fewer ‫أقَل‬ few )fg ‫قَلِيْل (قَلِيْلَة‬
َ
nobler ‫أكْ َرم‬ noble ‫كَ ِريْم‬
َ
more praiseworthy ‫أ ْح َمد‬ praiseworthy ‫َح ِميْد‬
more majestic ‫جد‬ َ ْ‫أَم‬ majestic ‫مَ ِجيْد‬
ِ
Other patterns of ‫صفة‬
َ
ُ ‫ ي َ ْح‬،َ‫كم‬
)ُ‫كم‬ ُ ‫(ح‬
َ ‫ َح ِكيْم‬،)‫ يَل ْ ُط ُف‬،‫(لط َف‬ ْ َ ‫ ي‬،َ‫كَريْم (كَ ُرم‬
ُ ‫ لَ ِطيْف‬،)ُ‫ك ُرم‬ )‫فَعِيْل (لزم‬
ِ
‫ َج ْوعَان‬،‫ ف َ ْر َحان‬،‫ضبَان‬
ْ َ ‫ غ‬،‫كَ ْسلن‬ ‫فَع ْ َلن‬
Sometimes, special words are used to express the intensity (‫ )مُبَال َغَة‬of actions.
words to express the intensity (‫)مُبَالَغَة‬
‫ عَ َّلم‬،‫ ت َ َّواب‬،‫غَفَّار‬ ‫فَعَّال‬
‫ َس ِميْع‬،‫رَ ِحيْم‬ )‫فَعِيْل (متعدي‬
َ ،‫ وَدُوْد‬،‫ كَفُ ْور‬،‫ك ْور‬
‫صب ُ ْور‬ ُ ‫َش‬ ‫فَع ُ ْول‬
‫ ق ُ ُّد ْوس‬،‫ ُسبُّوْح‬،‫قَي ُّ ْوم‬ ‫ فُع ُّ ْول‬،‫فَع ُّ ْول‬

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 Lesson
Broken Plural ‫( جمع تكسير‬1)
10
In this lesson, we will learn ‫جمع تكسير‬. There are two types of plurals in Arabic language.
➢ ‫( جمع سالم‬Sound plural):
• ْ ُ‫ مُ ْسلِ ِميْن → م‬،‫مُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬.
For masculine gender, add “‫ ”ون‬or “‫ين‬.” For example: ‫سلِم‬
• ْ ُ‫مُ ْسلِمَات → م‬
For feminine gender, replace “‫ ”ة‬by “‫ات‬.” For example: ‫سلِمَة‬
➢ ‫( جمع تكسير‬Broken Plural):
• It breaks the laws as mentioned above. For example: ‫( بُي ُ ْوت → بَيت‬not ‫ بَيْتُون‬or ‫ )بَيتين‬and therefore it
is called Broken plural.
• Such ‘strange’ rules exist in every language, including English. For example, man → men (mans),
tooth → teeth (tooth’s), mouse → mice (mouses).
• Take it as a challenge to remember the rule and expect more rewards from Allah, in-sha-Allah.
• You have already studied Broken plurals in Course-2. We will have a review and take additional
examples of these types of plurals which have occurred in the Qur’an.
• Important note: You don’t have to memorize them. They are classified here just for your information
and you already know their meanings of some of them from the verses that you studied earlier.
Example Translation Plural Singular Type No.
َ َ
َ ٰٓ ‫كمْ ب َِخمْ َسة ِ ٰالَٰف مِّ َن الْمَل‬
‫ِئكة ِ مُ َسوِمِي ْ َن‬ ُ ُّ‫يُمْ ِددْكُمْ رَب‬
thousand ‫ٰالف‬ ‫اَلْف‬ ‫ أفْعَال‬-1
َ
 name ‫أ ْس َماء‬ ‫ا ِ ْسم‬
ْ‫ي ُ َذب ِ ُح ْونَ اَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَي َ ْست َ ْحي ُ ْونَ ن ِ َساءَكُم‬ َ
son ‫أبْنَاء‬ ‫اِبْن‬
‫ك َشىْء‬ُ َ ‫فَت َ ْحنَا عَلَيْهمْ اَبْ َو‬ َ
ِ ‫اب‬ ِ door ‫أبْ َواب‬ ‫بَاب‬
 sight ‫صار‬ َ ْ‫أَب‬ َ َ‫ب‬
‫صر‬
َ
‫ض و َل ب ِْكر‬
ٌ ِ ‫َل فَار‬ virgin ‫أبْ ََكر‬ ‫ب ِْكر‬
َ
‫وَ َل ت َ ْشت َ ُروْا بِٰايٰت ِ ْى ثَمَنًا قَلِي ْ ًل‬ price ‫أث ْ َمان‬ ‫ث َ َمن‬
َ ‫صاكَ الْ َح‬
‫ج َر‬ َ َ‫ب ب ِع‬ ْ ‫فَقُلْنَا‬
ْ ِ‫اضر‬ stone َ ‫أ َ ْح‬
‫جار‬ َ ‫َح‬
‫جر‬
‫ث ْااْل ِخ َرة ِ نَزِدْ لَه ف ِ ْى َح ْرثِه‬
َ ‫مَ ْن ََكنَ يُرِي ْ ُد َح ْر‬ َ
field ‫أ ْح َراث‬ ‫َح ْرث‬
َ
ْ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ
ِ ‫ َوُك ٌّ مِّ َن ال َ ْخيَار‬٪‫وَاذك ْر ا ِ ْسمٰعِيْل َ وَالي َ َس َع وَذا ال ِكفْ ِلط‬ better ‫أ ْخيَار‬ ‫َخيْر‬
َ
 Rabb ‫أرْبَاب‬ ‫رَب‬
ُ ْ ‫ ق ُ ِل ال ُّرو‬٪‫ك عَ ِن ال ُّرو ْ ِحط‬
‫ح مِ ْن اَمْ ِر رَب ِ ْى‬ َ َ ‫وَي َ ْسئَل ُ ْون‬ َ
‫أرْوَاح‬ ‫رُوْح‬
Ruh-ul-
Qudus

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 ‫فَاَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى الَّ ِذي ْ َن َظلَمُ ْوا ر ِ ْجزًا مِّ َن َّ‬ ‫َ‬
‫السمَا ِء‬ ‫‪punishment‬‬ ‫أرْ َجاز‬ ‫ر ِ ْجز‬
‫َ‬
‫اش َربُ ْوا مِ ْن رِز ْ ِق اِل ِ وَ َل تَعْث َ ْوا فِى ْالَرْ ِض مُفْ ِس ِدي ْ َن‬
‫ُُك ُ ْوا وَ ْ‬ ‫‪provision‬‬ ‫أرْزَاق‬ ‫رِزْق‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪spouse‬‬ ‫أزْوَاج‬ ‫زَوْج‬
‫يُعَلِمُ ْونَ الن َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫الس ْحر‬
‫اس ِ‬ ‫‪magic‬‬ ‫أ ْس َحار‬ ‫ِس ْحر‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪thing‬‬ ‫أ ْشيَاء‬ ‫َش ْيء‬
‫ص ٰحبُ الْ َ‬
‫جنةِج‪ ٪‬هُمْ فِيْهَا ٰخلِ ُدوْنَ‬ ‫ِئك ا َ ْ‬
‫اُول ٰٓ َ‬ ‫‪Owner‬‬ ‫ص َحاب‬ ‫أَ ْ‬ ‫صا ِحب‬
‫َ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪enemy‬‬ ‫أعْ َداء‬ ‫عَ ُدو‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪deed‬‬ ‫أعْ َمال‬ ‫عَ َمل‬
‫وَالل ُ ذُو الْفَ ْ‬
‫ض ِل الْعَ ِظي ْ ِم‬ ‫‪grace‬‬ ‫ضال‬ ‫أَف ْ َ‬ ‫ضل‬ ‫فَ ْ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪troop‬‬ ‫أف ْ َواج‬ ‫فَوْج‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪pen‬‬ ‫أق ْ َلم‬ ‫قَلَم‬
‫َ‬
‫ص َدقَة يتْبَعُهَا اَذًى‬
‫ق َ ْول معْ ُروْف ومَغْفِ َرة َخيْر مِّ ْن َ‬ ‫‪talk‬‬ ‫أق ْ َوال‬ ‫ق َ ْول‬
‫َ‬
‫صاكَ الْ َح َ‬
‫ج َر‬ ‫ب ب ِعَ َ‬ ‫وَاِذِ ا ْست َ ْسقٰى مُ ْو ٰسى ل ِقَ ْومِه فَقُلْنَا ْ‬
‫اضرِ ْ‬ ‫‪people‬‬ ‫أق ْ َوام‬ ‫ق َ ْوم‬
‫َ‬
‫قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّ َ‬
‫ك يُبَيِن لَّنَا مَا لَ ْون ُهَا‬ ‫‪color‬‬ ‫ألْ َوان‬ ‫لَ ْون‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪intellect‬‬ ‫ألْبَاب‬ ‫لُب‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪example‬‬ ‫أ ْمثَال‬ ‫مَثَل‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪death‬‬ ‫أمْ َوات‬ ‫مَ ْوت‬
‫ص ًرا فَاِن لَ ُ‬
‫كمْ ما َساَلْتُمْ‬ ‫اِهْب ُِط ْوا مِ ْ‬ ‫‪town‬‬ ‫صار‬‫أَمْ َ‬ ‫مِ ْ‬
‫صر‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪river‬‬ ‫أنْهَار‬ ‫نَهَر‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪light‬‬ ‫أن ْ َوار‬ ‫ن ُ ْور‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪equal‬‬ ‫أن ْ َداد‬ ‫نِد‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪day‬‬ ‫أيَّام‬ ‫ي َ ْوم‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ear‬‬ ‫ٰاذَان‬ ‫أذُن‬

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 ‫اَلَمْ ت َ َر اِلَى الَّ ِذي ْ َن َخ َر ُج ْوا مِ ْن دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ اُلُ ْوف َح َذرَ الْمَ ْو ِ‬
‫ت‬ ‫‪thousand‬‬ ‫اُلُ ْوف‬ ‫اَلْف‬ ‫‪-2‬فُع ُ ْول‬
‫وَّاَن اِل َ َل ي ُ ِ‬
‫ضي ْ ُع ا َ ْج َر الْمُؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪reward‬‬ ‫أ ُج ْور‬ ‫أ ْجر‬
‫ِت ْالَرْ ُ‬
‫ض مِن بَقْلِهَا‬ ‫مِما تُْۢنب ُ‬ ‫‪vegetable‬‬ ‫بُقُ ْول‬ ‫بَقْل‬
‫الس ْح َر‬
‫اس ِ‬‫الشي ٰ ِطي ْ َن كَفَ ُروْا يُعَلِمُ ْونَ الن َ‬
‫َوٰل ِكن َّ‬ ‫‪magic‬‬ ‫ُس ُح ْور‬ ‫ِس ْحر‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪chest‬‬ ‫ص ُد ْور‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ص ْدر‬
‫َ‬
‫اب الل ِ َورَاء َ ُظهُور ِهِمْ‬ ‫نَب َ َذ ف َ ِريق مِ َن الَّ ِذي َن أُوتُوا الْ ِكت َ َ‬
‫اب كِت َ َ‬ ‫‪back‬‬ ‫ُظهُ ْور‬ ‫َظهْر‬
‫ف بِعَهْ ِدكُمْ‬ ‫وَاَوْف ُ ْوا ب ِعَهْ ِد ْۤ‬
‫ى اُوْ ِ‬ ‫‪covenant‬‬ ‫عُهُ ْود‬ ‫عَهْد‬
‫ت مِنْه ُ اثْنَتَا عَ ْش َرة َ عَيْنًا‬ ‫فَانْفَ َ‬
‫ج َر ْ‬ ‫‪eye‬‬ ‫عُي ُ ْون‬ ‫عَيْن‬
‫ثُم اتَّ َخ ْذتُمُ الْعِ ْ‬
‫جل َ مِن بَعْ ِده‬ ‫‪calf‬‬ ‫عُ ُ‬
‫ج ْول‬ ‫ِع ْ‬
‫جل‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪heart‬‬ ‫قُل ُ ْوب‬ ‫قَلْب‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪king‬‬ ‫مُل ُ ْوك‬ ‫مَلِك‬
‫ى نَفْس عَ ْن نفْ ٍس َشيْئًا‬ ‫وَاتَّقُ ْوا ي َ ْومًا َّل ت َ ْ‬
‫ج ِز ْ‬ ‫‪soul, self‬‬ ‫نُفُ ْوس‬ ‫نَفْس‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪slave‬‬ ‫ِعبَاد‬ ‫عَبْد‬ ‫‪-3‬فِعَال‬

‫اَلَمْ ت َ َر اِلَى الَّ ِذي ْ َن َخ َر ُج ْوا مِ ْن دِيَارِهِمْ وَهُمْ اُلُ ْوف َح َذرَ الْمَ ْو ِ‬
‫ت‬ ‫‪home‬‬ ‫دِيَار‬ ‫دَار‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪blood‬‬ ‫دِمَاء‬ ‫دَم‬
‫وَاِذَا الْبِ َحارُ ُس ِج َر ْ‬
‫ت‬ ‫‪sea‬‬ ‫ب ِ َحار‬ ‫بَ ْحر‬
‫وَاِن مِنْهَا لَمَا ي َ َّشقَّ ُق فَي َ ْخ ُر ُج مِنْه ُ الْمَاء ُ‬ ‫‪water‬‬ ‫مِيَاه‬ ‫مَاء‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪merciful‬‬ ‫رُ َح َماء‬ ‫رَ ِحيْم‬ ‫‪-4‬فُع َ َلء‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪partner‬‬ ‫ُش َر ََكء‬ ‫َش ِريْك‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪witness‬‬ ‫ُشهَ َداء‬ ‫َش ِهيْد‬
‫وَتُ ْخر ُج ْونَ فَريْقًا ِمّن ْ ُ‬
‫كمْ ِمّ ْن دِيَارِهِمْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪party‬‬ ‫ف ُ َرقَاء‬ ‫فَرِيْق‬
‫اِنمَا ي َ ْخ َشى اِل َ مِ ْن ِعبَادِه ِ الْعُلَٰٓمؤُا‬ ‫‪scholars‬‬ ‫عُل َ َماء‬ ‫عَلِيم‬

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 ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪book‬‬ ‫كُتُب‬ ‫كِتَاب‬ ‫‪-5‬فُعُل‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪messenger‬‬ ‫رُ ُسل‬ ‫رَ ُس ْول‬

‫ذُلُل‬ ‫ذَلُ ْول‬

‫‪trained,‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪tamed‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪prophet‬‬ ‫أنْبِيَاء‬ ‫نَبِي‬ ‫‪-6‬أفْعِ َلء‬
‫َ‬
‫قَالُْۤوا اِن اِل َ فَقِيْر ون َ ْح ُن اَغْنِيَاء ُ‬ ‫أغْنِيَاء‬ ‫غَنِي‬
‫‪rich,‬‬
‫‪free of need‬‬
‫َ‬
‫يد الْعَ َذ ِ‬
‫وَا َن اِل َ َش ِد ُ‬ ‫أ ِش َّداء‬ ‫َش ِديْد‬
‫‪forceful,‬‬
‫اب‬
‫‪severe‬‬
‫مِن بَقْلِهَا وَقِثَّائِهَا وَف ُ ْومِهَا وَعَ َد ِسهَا وَبَ َ‬
‫صلِهَا‬ ‫‪onion‬‬ ‫صل‬‫بَ َ‬ ‫صلَة‬ ‫بَ َ‬ ‫‪-7‬فَعَل‬
‫اِن الْبَقَ َر ت َ ٰشبَه َ عَلَيْنَا‬ ‫‪cow‬‬ ‫بَقَر‬ ‫بَقَ َرة‬
‫مِن بَقْلِهَا وَقِثَّائِهَا وَف ُ ْومِهَا وَعَ َد ِسهَا وَبَ َ‬
‫صلِهَا‬ ‫‪lentil‬‬ ‫عَ َدس‬ ‫عَ َد َسة‬
‫َ‬
‫وَقَالُ ْوا قُل ُ ْوبُنَا غُلْف‬ ‫‪wrapping‬‬ ‫غُلْف‬ ‫أغْلَف‬ ‫‪-8‬فُعْل‬
‫مِن بَقْلِهَا وَقِثَّائِهَا وَف ُ ْومِهَا وَعَ َد ِسهَا وَبَ َ‬
‫صلِهَا‬ ‫‪garlic‬‬ ‫ف ُ ْوم‬ ‫ف ُ ْومَة‬
‫جيْن ٰ ُ‬
‫وَاِذْ ف َ َرقْنَا ب ُِكمُ الْب َ ْح َر فَاَن ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫كم ْ‬ ‫‪sea‬‬ ‫أبْ ُحر‬ ‫بَ ْحر‬ ‫متفرقات‬
‫َ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪soul, self‬‬ ‫أنْفُس‬ ‫نَفْس‬
‫َ‬
‫وَاِذْ قُلْتُمْ يٰمُ ْو ٰسى لَ ْن ن ْ‬
‫صبِ َر عَ ٰل َطعَام وا ِحد‬ ‫‪food‬‬ ‫أ ْطعِ َمة‬ ‫َطعَام‬

‫اِنهُمْ فِتْيَة ٰامَن ُ ْوا ب ِ َرب ِ ِهمْ َوزِدْنٰهُمْ هُ ًدى‬ ‫فِتْيَة‬ ‫فَتًي‬
‫‪young‬‬
‫‪man‬‬
‫فَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ كُ ْون ُ ْوا ق ِ َردَة ً ٰخ ِسِئي ْ َن‬ ‫‪monkey‬‬ ‫ق ِ َردَة‬ ‫قِرْد‬
‫مَثَلُهُمْ كَمَث َ ِل الَّ ِذى ا ْست َ ْوق َ َد نَارًا‬ ‫‪fire‬‬ ‫نِي ْ َران‬ ‫نَار‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪man‬‬ ‫أنَاس‬ ‫إِن ْ َسان‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪stone‬‬ ‫ِح َ‬
‫جارَة‬ ‫جر‬‫َح َ‬
‫وَاِنْ ياْتُ ْوكُمْ ا ُ ٰس ٰرى تُفٰ ُدوْهُمْ وَهُ َو مُ َح َّرم عَلَي ْ ُ‬
‫كمْ ا ِ ْخ َرا ُجهُمْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪captive‬‬ ‫أ َسارٰى‬ ‫أ ِسيْر‬
‫ح َس َ‬
‫اب‬ ‫وَّق َ َّدرَه مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُ ْوا عَ َددَ ِ‬
‫السنِي ْ َن وَالْ ِ‬ ‫‪year‬‬ ‫َسنِيْن‬ ‫َسنَة‬

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Lesson
Broken Plural ‫( جمع تكسير‬2)
11

As you have seen earlier, there are two types of plurals in Arabic:
➢ ‫( جمع سالم‬Sound plural)
➢ ‫( جمع مکسر‬Broken Plural)
Grammatically, a broken plural of a thing (not a person) is treated as a singular feminine word! To remember
this ‘strange’ rule, you can connect it to the punishment that the plurarity of this plural is gone and its gender
is changed to feminine.
Let us do some exercises to help us learn this rule.

‫هِ َي بُي ُ ْوت وَفِيْهَا ِعبَاد‬ ← ‫هُ َو بَيْت وَفِيه ِ عَبْد‬

Those are houses and in them are slaves. It is a house and in it is a slave.
‫هٰ ِذه بُي ُ ْوت‬ ← ‫هٰ َذا بَيْت‬
‫ك بُي ُ ْوت‬ َ ْ ‫تِل‬ ← ‫ك بَيْت‬ َ ِ ‫ذٰل‬
‫ت الَّت ِ ْي ۔۔۔‬
ُ ‫اَلْبُي ُ ْو‬
←
ْ ‫ت الَّ ِذ‬
‫ي ۔۔۔‬ ُ ْ ‫اَلْبَي‬
The houses which… The house which…
ُ ‫ت الْبُي ُ ْو‬
ً ‫ت َج ِدي ْ َدة‬ ْ َ‫أ‬
ِ ‫صب َ َح‬ ً ‫ت َج ِد‬
‫يدا‬ ْ َ‫أ‬
ُ ْ ‫صب َ َح الْبَي‬
←
The houses became new. The house became new.
ُ ‫صب ُِح الْبُي ُ ْو‬
ً ‫ت َج ِدي ْ َدة‬ ْ ُ‫ت‬ ُ ْ ‫صب ُِح الْبَي‬
ً ‫ت َج ِد‬
‫يدا‬ ْ ُ‫ي‬
←
The houses become new. The house becomes new.
‫بُي ُ ْوت وَا ِسعَة‬ ← ‫بَيْت وَا ِسع‬
Let us take another word: ‫كَتَاب‬
َ
‫هِ َي كُتُب وَعَلَيْهَا أق ْ َلم‬ ← ‫هُ َو كِتَاب وَعَلَيْه ِ قَلَم‬
‫هٰ ِذه كُتُب‬ ← ‫هٰ َذا كِتَاب‬
‫ك كُتُب‬ َ ْ ‫تِل‬ ← ‫ك كِتَاب‬ َ ِ ‫ذٰل‬
‫كتُبُ الَّت ِ ْي ۔۔۔‬ ُ ْ‫اَل‬ ← ‫ي ۔۔۔‬ ْ ‫اب الَّ ِذ‬
ُ َ ‫اَلْ ِكت‬
ً ‫كتُبُ ق َ ِدي ْ َمة‬ ُ ْ‫ت ال‬ ْ َ‫أ‬
ِ ‫صب َ َح‬ ← ‫اب ق َ ِدي ْ ًما‬ُ َ ‫صب َ َح الْ ِكت‬ْ َ‫أ‬
ً ‫كتُبُ ق َ ِدي ْ َمة‬ ُ ْ‫صب ُِح ال‬ْ ُ‫ت‬ ← ‫اب ق َ ِدي ْ ًما‬
ُ َ ‫صب ُِح الْ ِكت‬ ْ ُ‫ي‬
‫كُتُبٌ َج ِدي ْ َدة‬ ← ٌ َ ‫كِت‬
‫اب َج ِديْد‬
Singular feminine words are used to refer to a Broken Plural. These words can be:

‫ فَا ِعلَة‬،ُ‫ تَفْعَل‬،‫ت‬

ْ َ ‫فَعَل‬ ،‫ اَلَّت ِ ْي‬،‫ك‬
َ ْ ‫ تِل‬،‫هٰ ِذه‬ ،‫ ـهَا‬،‫هِ َي‬

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You can practice this rule using different words that you studied in the last lesson. We will take 3 examples
from the Qur’an:
َ
‫أزْوَاج مُ َطهَّ َرة‬ ‫زَوْج مُ َطهَّر‬
ْ ‫ت أَي ْ ِد‬
‫ي‬ ْ َ ‫كَتَب‬ ‫ت يَد‬ ْ َ ‫كَتَب‬
َ ْ ْ َ
‫ي أنْهَار‬ ‫تج ِر‬ ‫ي نَهْر‬ ْ َ‫ي‬
ْ ‫ج ِر‬
Let us take 2 examples from the Qur’anic verses:

٪‫وَمَ ْن ا َ ْظلَمُ مِم ْن من َ َع مَ ٰسج َِد الل ِ اَنْ ي ُّ ْذ َك َر فِيْهَا ا ْسمُه وَ َسعٰى ف ِ ْى َخ َراب ِهَاط‬ .1
٪﴾ۙ 3٪﴿ ‫صبَة‬ ِ ‫ عَامِلَة نا‬٪﴾ۙ 2٪﴿ ‫ و ُ ُج ْوه ي ْومَِئذ َخا ِشعَة‬٪﴾ؕ 1٪﴿ ِ‫ث الْغَا ِشيَة‬ ُ ْ ‫ىك َح ِدي‬
َ ٰ‫هَل ْ اَت‬ .2
٪﴾ؕ 5٪﴿ ‫ ت ُ ْسقٰى مِ ْن عَيْن ٰانِيَة‬٪﴾ۙ 4٪﴿ ً ‫ص ٰل نَارًا َحامِيَة‬
ْ َ‫ت‬

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 Lesson
ْ‫لَم‬+‫ضارع‬
َ ُ‫م‬ With 3-Letter Verbs
12
َ ُ‫فِعْل م‬.
In this lesson, we will learn the changes in ‫ضارِع‬
We know that:
Don’t do! ْ ‫َل تَفْعَل‬ you do ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬
Don’t do!
(you all)
‫َل تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ you all do َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬

‫( َل‬Don’t!) is a “scissor word” that prunes the endings of its neighbour. The scissor is shown above ‫ َل‬. It prunes the
Dhammah (‫ )ــُـ‬of ُ ‫ يَفْعَل‬making it Sukoon (‫)ــْـ‬. It prunes the ‫ ن‬of َ‫ يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬in the second case, a plural word.
Please note that we are using the term “scissor” for ease in learning.
We will study these rules one by one. Let us take the word ْ‫( لَم‬did not) first.
Spoken Arabic َ َ ‫ مُضارع‬+
ْ ‫لَمْ يَفْعَل‬ ‫ألَمْ يَفْعَلْ؟‬
َ ْ ‫= لَمْ يَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫يَفْعَل‬+ْ‫لَم‬
‫لَمْ يَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ ‫ألَمْ يَفْعَل ُ ْوا؟‬
He did not do

ْ ‫لَمْ أَفْعَل‬ َ ‫= لَمْ يَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+ْ‫لَم‬

‫ألَمْ تَفْعَلْ؟‬
They did not do

َ ْ ‫لَمْ تَفْعَل‬ = ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬+ْ‫لَم‬

ْ ‫لَمْ نَفْعَل‬ ‫ألَمْ تَفْعَل ُ ْوا؟‬
You did not do

I did not do ْ ‫لَمْ أَفْعَل‬ = ُ ‫أَفْعَل‬+ْ‫لَم‬

‫لَمْ تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+ْ‫لَم‬
Example from the Qur’an:
You (all) did not do =
‫فَاِنْ لَّمْ تَفْعَل ُ ْوا وَلَ ْن تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ We did not do ْ ‫لَمْ نَفْعَل‬ = ُ ‫نَفْعَل‬+ْ‫لَم‬

ْ ‫= لَمْ تَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬+ْ‫لَم‬

But if you do not - and you will never be
able to She did not do

َ َ ‫ فَت‬and ‫ص َر‬
Now, let us take 3-letter sound verbs ‫ح‬ َ َ ‫ن‬:
Spoken Arabic
َ ُ‫ م‬+ َ ُ‫ م‬+
‫ضارع‬
‫ضارع‬
(Assume that we are talking about
Spoken Arabic
(Assume that we are talking about
helping a bad person in committing
opening a door)
a wrong act)

ُ ْ ‫لَمْ يَن‬
‫ص ْر‬ ُ ْ ‫أَلَمْ يَن‬
‫صرْ؟‬
He did not ُ ْ ‫لَمْ يَن‬
‫ص ْر‬ ‫لَمْ يَفْت َ ْح‬ ‫أَلَمْ يَفْت َ ْح؟‬
He did not
‫لَمْ يَفْت َ ْح‬
help open
ُ ْ ‫لَمْ يَن‬
‫ص ُروْا‬ ُ ْ ‫أَلَمْ يَن‬
‫ص ُروْا؟‬
They did not ُ ْ ‫لَمْ يَن‬
‫ص ُروْا‬ ‫لَمْ يَفْت َ ُح ْوا‬ ‫أَلَمْ يَفْت َ ُح ْوا؟‬
They did not
‫لَمْ يَفْت َ ُح ْوا‬
help open
‫ص ْر‬ُ ْ ‫لَمْ أَن‬ ‫صرْ؟‬ ُ ْ ‫أَلَمْ تَن‬ You did not
‫ص ْر‬ُ ْ ‫لَمْ تَن‬ ‫لَمْ أَفْت َ ْح‬ ‫أَلَمْ تَفْت َ ْح؟‬
You did not
‫لَمْ تَفْت َ ْح‬
help open
ُ ْ ‫لَمْ نَن‬
‫ص ْر‬ ‫ص ُروْا؟‬ُ ْ ‫أَلَمْ تَن‬ I did not help ‫ص ْر‬ُ ْ ‫لَمْ أَن‬ ‫لَمْ نَفْت َ ْح‬ ‫أَلَمْ تَفْت َ ُح ْوا؟‬ I did not open ‫لَمْ أَفْت َ ْح‬
You (all) did ُ ْ ‫لَمْ تَن‬
‫ص ُروْا‬
You (all) did
‫لَمْ تَفْت َ ُح ْوا‬
not help not open
We did not ُ ْ ‫لَمْ نَن‬
‫ص ْر‬
We did not
‫لَمْ نَفْت َ ْح‬
help open
She did not ُ ْ ‫لَمْ تَن‬
‫ص ْر‬
She did not
‫لَمْ تَفْت َ ْح‬
help open

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Scissor words are every ‘scary’ to weak letters. They just run away as shown below.
Let us take a weak verb َ‫قَال‬.
َ ُ‫ م‬+
‫ضارع‬
Spoken Arabic ْ ‫= لَمْ يَقُل‬ ُ‫يَقُ ْول‬+ْ‫لَم‬
َ
He did not say.
ْ ‫لَمْ يَقُل‬ ‫ألَمْ يَقُلْ؟‬ ‫= لَمْ يَقُ ْولُ ْوا‬ َ‫يَقُ ْولُ ْون‬+ْ‫لَم‬
َ
They did not say.
‫لَمْ يَقُ ْولُ ْوا‬ ‫ألَمْ يَقُ ْولُ ْوا؟‬
ْ ‫= لَمْ تَقُل‬ ُ‫تَقُ ْول‬+ْ‫لَم‬
ْ ‫لَمْ أَقُل‬ ‫ألَمْ تَقُلْ؟‬
َ You did not say.

ْ ‫لَمْ نَقُل‬ َ ْ ‫= لَمْ أَقُل‬ ُ‫ أَق ُ ْول‬+ْ‫لَم‬

‫ألَمْ تَقُ ْولُ ْوا؟‬ I did not say.

Example from the Qur’an: You (all) did not say. ‫= لَمْ تَقُ ْولُ ْوا‬ َ‫تَقُ ْولُ ْون‬+ْ‫لَم‬
‫لَمْ يَلِ ْد وَلَمْ ي ُ ْولَ ْد‬
We did not say. ْ ‫= لَمْ نَقُل‬ ُ‫نَقُ ْول‬+ْ‫لَم‬
He did not beget and nor is He begotten.

She did not say. ْ ‫= لَمْ تَقُل‬ ُ‫تَقُ ْول‬+ْ‫لَم‬

Now, let us take more 3-letter weak verbs ‫ دَعَا‬and ‫هَ ٰدى‬:

Spoken Arabic َ ُ‫ م‬+

‫ضارع‬ Spoken Arabic
(Assume that we are talking about
َ ُ‫ م‬+
‫ضارع‬
(No one can guide other than Allah)
calling anyone except Allah)

‫أَلَمْ يَهْ ِد؟‬

َ
‫لَمْ يَهْ ِد‬ ‫لَمْ يَهْ ِد‬ ُ‫لَمْ يَدْع‬ ‫ألَمْ يَدْعُ؟‬ ُ‫لَمْ يَدْع‬
He did not He did not
guide call
‫أَلَمْ يَهْ ُدوْا؟‬
َ
‫لَمْ يَهْ ُدوْا‬ ‫لَمْ يَهْ ُدوْا‬ ‫لَمْ ي َ ْدعُ ْوا‬ ‫ألَمْ ي َ ْدعُ ْوا؟‬ ‫لَمْ ي َ ْدعُ ْوا‬
They did not They did not
guide call
‫لَمْ أَهْ ِد‬ ‫أَلَمْ تَهْ ِد؟‬
You did not
‫لَمْ تَهْ ِد‬ ُ‫لَمْ أَدْع‬ ‫ألَمْ تَدْعُ؟‬
َ You did not ُ‫لَمْ تَدْع‬
guide call
‫أَلَمْ تَهْ ُدوْا؟‬
َ َ ُ‫لَمْ أَدْع‬
‫لَمْ نَهْ ِد‬ I did not guide ‫لَمْ أهْ ِد‬ ُ‫لَمْ نَدْع‬ ‫ألَمْ ت َ ْدعُ ْوا؟‬ I did not call

‫لَمْ تَهْ ُدوْا‬

You (all) did You (all) did ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ
not guide not call
‫لم تدعوا‬
‫لَمْ نَهْ ِد‬ ُ‫لَمْ نَدْع‬
We did not We did not
guide call

‫لَمْ تَهْ ِد‬ ُ‫لَمْ تَدْع‬

She did not She did not
guide call

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 ْ‫لَم‬+ ‫ضارع‬
َ ُ‫ م‬With Mazeed Feeh Verbs
Lesson
13
َ َ ‫ ن‬،‫ )فَت َ َح‬and on weak letter verbs (‫ هَ ٰدى‬،‫ دَعَا‬،َ‫)قَال‬.
You saw the ‘scissor’ effect on 3-letter sound verbs (‫ص َر‬
َ ُ‫ م‬+ْ‫ لَم‬for Mazeed Feeh verbs (Sound and weak).
In this lesson, we will learn ‫ضارع‬
Now, let us take Mazeed feeh sound verb: ‫ تَعْلِيْم‬،‫ مُعَلَّم‬،‫ مُعَلِم‬،ْ‫ عَلِم‬،ُ‫ يُعَلِم‬،َ‫عَلَّم‬.
Spoken Arabic َ ُ‫ م‬+
‫ضارع‬
(Assume that we are talking about
teaching bad habits)
َ ْ‫يُعَلِمُ = لَمْ يُعَلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬
ْ‫لَمْ يُعَلِم‬ ‫ألَمْ يُعَلِمْ؟‬
He did not teach

‫لَمْ يُعَلِمُ ْوا‬ ‫ألَمْ يُعَلِمُ ْوا؟‬

َ They did not teach
ْ‫لَمْ أُعَلِم‬ ‫ألَمْ تُعَلِمْ؟‬
َ
ْ‫لَمْ نُعَلِم‬ َ
‫ألَمْ تُعَلِمُ ْو؟‬
Now, let us take Mazeed feeh sound verb: ‫س َلم‬
ْ ِ ‫ إ‬،‫ مُ ْسلَم‬،‫ مُ ْسلِم‬،ْ‫ أ ْسلِم‬،ُ‫ ي ُ ْسلِم‬،َ‫أ ْسلَم‬.
Spoken Arabic
َ
.ْ‫لَمْ ي ُ ْسلِم‬ ‫هَل ْ أ ْسلَمَ؟‬
َ
.‫لَمْ ي ُ ْسلِمُ ْوا‬ ‫هَل ْ أ ْسلَمُ ْوا؟‬
‫يُعَلِمُ ْونَ = لَمْ يُعَلِمُ ْوا‬+ْ‫لَم‬
You did not teach ْ‫تُعَلِمُ = لَمْ تُعَلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬
I did not teach ْ‫أُعَلِمُ = لَمْ أُعَلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬
You (all) did not
teach ‫تُعَلِمُ ْونَ = لَمْ تُعَلِمُ ْوا‬+ْ‫لَم‬
We did not teach ْ‫نُعَلِمُ = لَمْ نُعَلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬
She did not teach ْ‫تُعَلِمُ = لَمْ تُعَلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬
َ َ
َ ُ‫ م‬+
‫ضارع‬
He did not submit ْ‫ي ُ ْسلِمُ = لَمْ ي ُ ْسلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬
They did not
‫ي ُ ْسلِمُ ْونَ = لَمْ ي ُ ْسلِمُ ْوا‬+ْ‫لَم‬
submit

ُ َ ‫هَل ْ أ َ ْسل َ ْم‬

You did not
ْ‫تُ ْسلِمُ = لَمْ ت ُ ْسلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬
.ْ‫لَمْ أ ْسلِم‬ ‫ت؟‬ submit

َ
.ْ‫هَل ْ أ ْسلَمْتُمْ؟ لَمْ ن ُ ْسلِم‬ I did not submit ْ‫أ ُ ْسلِمُ = لَمْ أ ُ ْسلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬
You (all) did not
submit ‫تُ ْسلِمُ ْونَ = لَمْ ت ُ ْسلِمُ ْوا‬+ْ‫لَم‬
Example from the Qur’an:
َ‫ءَاَن ْ َذرْتَهُمْ اَمْ لَمْ تُن ْ ِذرْهُمْ َل يُؤْمِن ُ ْون‬ We did not submit ْ‫ن ُ ْسلِمُ = لَمْ ن ُ ْسلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬
She did not submit ْ‫تُ ْسلِمُ = لَمْ ت ُ ْسلِم‬+ْ‫لَم‬

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 َ َ
Let us take a Mazeed Feeh weak verb: ‫ إِرَادَة‬،‫ مُ َراد‬،‫ مُرِيْد‬،ْ‫ أرِد‬،‫ يُرِي ْ ُد‬،َ‫أرَاد‬
Scissor words are every ‘scary’ to weak letters. They just run away as shown below.
َ ُ‫ م‬+
‫ضارع‬
Spoken Arabic
َ ْ‫يُرِي ْ ُد = لَمْ يُرِد‬+ْ‫لَم‬
ْ‫لَمْ ي ُ ِرد‬ ‫ألَمْ ي ُ ِردْ؟‬
He did not want

‫لَمْ يُرِي ْ ُدوْا‬ ‫ألَمْ يُرِي ْ ُدوْا؟‬

َ They did not want ‫ي ُ ِري ْ ُدوْنَ = لَمْ ي ُ ِري ْ ُدوْا‬+ْ‫لَم‬
ْ‫لَمْ أُرِد‬ ‫ألَمْ ت ُ ِردْ؟‬
َ You did not want ْ‫تُرِي ْ ُد = لَمْ تُرِد‬+ْ‫لَم‬
ْ‫لَمْ نُرِد‬ َ
‫ألَمْ تُرِي ْ ُدوْا؟‬ I did not want ْ‫أُرِي ْ ُد = لَمْ أُرِد‬+ْ‫لَم‬
Example from the Qur’an: You (all) did not
‫تُ ِري ْ ُدوْنَ = لَمْ ت ُ ِري ْ ُدوْا‬+ْ‫لَم‬
ْ‫لَمْ يُرِدِ اِل ُ اَنْ ي ُّ َط ِه َر قُل ُ ْوبَهُم‬
want

(Allah does not intend to purify We did not want ْ‫= لَمْ ن ُ ِرد‬ ‫ن ُ ِري ْ ُد‬+ْ‫لَم‬
their hearts.)
She did not want ْ‫= لَمْ ت ُ ِرد‬ ‫تُ ِري ْ ُد‬+ْ‫لَم‬
In the last two lessons, we have seen that:
‫= لَمْ يَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫ يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+ ْ‫لَم‬

‫= لَمْ تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫ تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+ ْ‫لَم‬

Similarly, in case of the two dual verbs and the feminine verb, the ‫ ن‬is dropped, as shown below:

‫= لَمْ يَفْع َ َل‬ ‫ يَفْع َ َل ِن‬+ ْ‫لَم‬

‫= لَمْ تَفْع َ َل‬ ‫ تَفْع َ َل ِن‬+ ْ‫لَم‬
‫= لَمْ تَفْعَلِ ْي‬ ‫ تَفْعَلِي ْ َن‬+ ْ‫لَم‬
َ ْ‫( أفْعَال َخم‬the five verbs). They are َ
The scissor word drops ‫ ن‬in these five verbs. Such verbs are called ‫سة‬
classified in this way for us to remember the above change. Note again that the five verbs are:
‫ تَفْعَلِي ْ َن‬،َ‫ تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬،‫ تَفْع َ َل ِن‬،َ‫ يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬،‫يَفْع َ َل ِن‬
Additional examples of ‫خمسة‬ ‫ أفعال‬are:
‫ تَقُ ْولِي ْ َن‬،َ‫ تَقُ ْولُ ْون‬،‫ تَقُ ْو َل ِن‬،َ‫ يَقُ ْولُ ْون‬،‫يَقُ ْو َل ِن‬
‫ك ِذبِي ْ َن‬ َ ُ ‫ ت‬،َ‫ك ِذبُ ْون‬ َ ُ ‫ ت‬،‫ك ِذبَا ِن‬ َ ُ ‫ ت‬،َ‫ك ِذبُ ْون‬َ ُ ‫ ي‬،‫ك ِذبَا ِن‬َ ُ‫ي‬
Note that the ‫ ن‬in the five verbs is affected by “Hammer words” too. We will study them later.

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Lesson Conditional words: ‫ مَا‬،‫ن‬
ْ َ‫م‬ ،ْ‫إ ِن‬
14 with 3-Letter Verbs

In this lesson, we will learn conditional words (‫مَا‬ ،‫ مَ ْن‬،ْ‫ )إ ِن‬for 3-Letter Verbs (Sound & weak).
conditional sentences:
If you do, I will do. ْ ‫إ ِنْ تَفْعَل ْ أَفْعَل‬
Whoever does (it), succeeds ‫ج ْح‬ َ ْ ‫ يَن‬،ْ‫مَ ْن يفْعَل‬
Whatever you do, I will do ْ ‫ أَفْعَل‬،ْ‫مَا تَفْعَل‬
ْ
Words such as ‫ إِن‬work as ‘double scissors’ on ‫ فعل مضارع‬in a conditional sentence. The answer to the
condition will also be affected the same way. For example:
pruned
ْ ‫يَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫يَفْعَل‬
‫يَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬
ْ ‫إ ِنْ تَفْعَل ْ أَفْعَل‬ ْ ‫تَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬
If you do, I will do.
ْ ‫أَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫أَفْعَل‬
ْ ‫إ ِنْ تَفْعَل ُ ْوا نَفْعَل‬ ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬
If you all do, we will do.
ْ ‫نَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫نَفْعَل‬
ْ ‫تَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬
Let us practice this for a few cases:

pruned pruned
‫ص ْر‬ ُ ْ ‫يَن‬ ‫ص ُر‬ ُ ْ ‫يَن‬ ‫يَفْت َ ْح‬ ‫يَفْت َ ُح‬
‫ص ُروْا‬ ُ ْ ‫يَن‬ َ‫ص ُروْن‬ ُ ْ ‫يَن‬ ‫يَفْت َ ُح ْوا‬ َ‫يَفْت َ ُح ْون‬

ُ ْ ‫ص ْر أَن‬
‫ص ْر‬ ُ ْ ‫إِنْ تَن‬ ‫ص ْر‬ ُ ْ ‫تَن‬ ‫ص ُر‬ ُ ْ ‫تَن‬ َ
‫إِنْ تَفْت َ ْح أفْت َ ْح‬ ‫تَفْت َ ْح‬ ‫تَفْت َ ُح‬
If you help, I will help. ‫ص ْر‬ ُ ْ ‫أَن‬ ‫ص ُر‬ ُ ْ ‫أَن‬ If you open, I will open.
َ
‫أفْت َ ْح‬
َ
‫أفْت َ ُح‬
ُ ْ ‫إِنْ تَن‬
ُ ْ ‫ص ُروْا نَن‬
‫ص ْر‬ ‫ص ُروْا‬ ُ ْ ‫تَن‬ َ‫ص ُروْن‬ ُ ْ ‫تَن‬ ‫إِنْ تَفْت َ ُح ْوا نَفْت َ ْح‬ ‫تَفْت َ ُح ْوا‬ َ‫تَفْت َ ُح ْون‬
ُ ْ ‫نَن‬
‫ص ْر‬ ُ ْ ‫نَن‬
‫ص ُر‬ ‫نَفْت َ ْح‬ ‫نَفْت َ ُح‬
If you all help, If you all open,
we will help. we will open.
ُ ْ ‫تَن‬
‫ص ْر‬ ُ ْ ‫تَن‬
‫ص ُر‬ ‫تَفْت َ ْح‬ ‫تَفْت َ ُح‬

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 ‫‪pruned‬‬
‫ب‬ ‫ض ِر ْ‬ ‫يَ ْ‬ ‫ب‬‫ض ِر ُ‬ ‫يَ ْ‬
‫ضرِبُ ْوا‬ ‫يَ ْ‬ ‫ضرِبُ ْونَ‬ ‫يَ ْ‬
‫ب أَ ْ‬
‫ضرِ ْ‬
‫ب‬ ‫إ ِنْ ت َ ْ‬
‫ضرِ ْ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ضرِ ْ‬ ‫تَ ْ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ضرِ ُ‬ ‫تَ ْ‬
‫‪If you hit, I will hit.‬‬
‫ب‬ ‫ض ِر ْ‬ ‫أَ ْ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ض ِر ُ‬ ‫أَ ْ‬
‫إ ِنْ ت َ ْ‬
‫ض ِربُ ْوا ن َ ْ‬
‫ض ِر ْ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ضرِبُ ْوا‬ ‫تَ ْ‬ ‫ضرِبُ ْونَ‬ ‫تَ ْ‬
‫‪If you all hit, we will hit.‬‬
‫ب‬ ‫ضرِ ْ‬ ‫نَ ْ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ضرِ ُ‬ ‫نَ ْ‬

‫ب‬ ‫تَ ْ‬
‫ضرِ ْ‬ ‫تَ ْ‬
‫ضرِ ُ‬
‫ب‬
‫‪Let us take 3-letter weak verbs:‬‬

‫‪pruned‬‬ ‫‪pruned‬‬
‫يَعِ ْد‬ ‫يَعِ ُد‬ ‫يَقُل ْ‬ ‫يَقُ ْولُ‬
‫يَعِ ُدوْا‬ ‫يَعِ ُدوْنَ‬ ‫يَقُ ْولُ ْوا‬ ‫يَقُ ْولُ ْونَ‬
‫َ‬ ‫تَقُل ْ‬ ‫تَقُ ْولُ‬
‫إِنْ تَعِ ْد أ ِع ْد‬ ‫تَعِ ْد‬ ‫تَعِ ُد‬ ‫إِنْ تَقُل ْ أَقُل ْ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أَقُل ْ‬ ‫أَق ُ ْولُ‬
‫أ ِع ْد‬ ‫أ ِع ُد‬
‫‪If you promise,‬‬
‫‪If you say, I will say.‬‬
‫‪I will promise.‬‬
‫إِنْ تَعِ ُدوْا نَعِ ْد‬ ‫تَعِ ُدوْا‬ ‫تَعِ ُدوْنَ‬
‫إِنْ تَقُ ْولُ ْوا نَقُل ْ‬ ‫تَقُ ْولُ ْوا‬ ‫تَقُ ْولُ ْونَ‬
‫‪If you all promise,‬‬
‫‪we will promise.‬‬ ‫نَعِ ْد‬ ‫نَعِ ُد‬ ‫‪If you all say, we will say.‬‬ ‫نَقُل ْ‬ ‫نَقُ ْولُ‬

‫تَعِ ْد‬ ‫تَعِ ُد‬ ‫تَقُل ْ‬ ‫تَقُ ْولُ‬

‫‪pruned‬‬
‫يَدْعُ‬ ‫ي َ ْدعُ ْو‬
‫ي َ ْدعُ ْوا‬ ‫ي َ ْدعُ ْونَ‬
‫إ ِنْ تَدْعُ أَدْعُ‬ ‫تَدْعُ‬ ‫تَ ْدعُ ْو‬
‫‪If you call upon,‬‬ ‫أَدْعُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫أدْعُ ْو‬
‫‪I will call upon.‬‬
‫إ ِنْ ت َ ْدعُ ْوا نَدْعُ‬ ‫تَ ْدعُ ْوا‬ ‫تَ ْدعُ ْونَ‬
‫‪If you all call upon,‬‬ ‫نَدْعُ‬ ‫ن َ ْدعُ ْو‬
‫‪we will call upon.‬‬
‫تَدْعُ‬ ‫تَ ْدعُ ْو‬

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Other words are also used to state a condition such as:
ُ ‫وَمَا تَفْعَل ُ ْوا مِ ْن َخيْر يعْلَمْه ُ الل‬
whatever ‫مَا‬
And whatever good you do - Allah knows it.
‫ج َز ب ِه‬
ْ ُّ ‫مَ ْن يعْمَل ْ ُسوءًا ي‬
who ‫مَ ْن‬
Whoever does a wrong will be recompensed for it
ٍ ‫فعل‬.In such cases no changes are made to ‫ماض‬
Some other conditional words are followed by ‫ماض‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬.
ْ َ ‫اِذَا َجاء َ ن‬
‫ص ُر الل ِ وَالْفَت ْ ُح‬ when ‫إِذَا‬
When the help of Allah and victory comes
‫وَّاَنا لَما َس ِمعْنَا الْهُ ٰۤدى ٰامَنا ب ِه‬ when ‫لَما‬
And when we heard the guidance, we believed in it.

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Lesson ْ َ‫ م‬،ْ‫إ ِن‬
Conditional words: ‫ مَا‬،‫ن‬
15 with Mazeed Feeh Verbs
ْ َ‫ م‬،ْ‫ )إ ِن‬for Mazeed Feeh Verbs (Sound & weak).
In this lesson, we will learn conditional words (‫ مَا‬،‫ن‬
Let us take Mazeed feeh verbs:
pruned pruned
ْ‫ي ُ َحا ِسب‬ ُ‫ي ُ َحا ِسب‬ ْ‫يُعَلِم‬ ُ‫يُعَلِم‬
‫ي ُ َحا ِسبُوا‬ ‫ي ُ َحا ِسب ُ ْون‬ ‫يُعَلِ ُم ْوا‬ َ‫يُعَلِ ُم ْون‬
ْ‫إِنْ ت ُ َحا ِسبْ ي ُ َحا ِسب‬ ْ‫تُ َحا ِسب‬ ُ‫تُ َحا ِسب‬ ْ‫إِنْ تُعَلِمْ أُعَلِم‬ ْ‫تُعَلِم‬ ُ‫تُعَلِم‬
If you take account,
he will take account. ْ‫أ ُ َحا ِسب‬ ُ‫أ ُ َحا ِسب‬ If you teach, I will teach. ْ‫أُعَلِم‬ ُ‫أُعَلِم‬
‫إِنْ ت ُ َحا ِسب ُ ْوا ي ُ َحا ِسب ُ ْوا‬ ‫تُ َحا ِسب ُ ْوا‬ َ‫تُ َحا ِسب ُ ْون‬ ْ‫إِنْ تُعَلِ ُم ْوا نُعَلِم‬ ‫تُعَلِ ُم ْوا‬ َ‫تُعَلِ ُم ْون‬
If you all take account,
they will take account. ْ‫ن ُ َحا ِسب‬ ُ‫ن ُ َحا ِسب‬ If you all teach,
we will teach.
ْ‫نُعَلِم‬ ُ‫نُعَلِم‬

ْ‫تُ َحا ِسب‬ ُ‫تُ َحا ِسب‬ ْ‫تُعَلِم‬ ُ‫تُعَلِم‬

Let us take two more Mazeed feeh verbs:
pruned pruned
‫ي َ ْختَلِ ْف‬ ‫ي َ ْختَلِ ُف‬ ‫ي ُ ْسلِم‬ ُ‫ي ُ ْسلِم‬
‫ي َ ْختَلِفُ ْوا‬ َ‫ي َ ْختَلِفُ ْون‬ ‫ي ُ ْسلِ ُم ْوا‬ َ‫ي ُ ْسلِ ُم ْون‬

ْ‫إِنْ ت َ ْختَلِ ْف أَذْهَب‬ ‫تَ ْختَلِ ْف‬ ‫تَ ْختَلِ ُف‬ ْ‫إِنْ ت ُ ْسلِمْ ي ُ ْسلِم‬ ْ‫تُ ْسلِم‬ ُ‫تُ ْسلِم‬
If you differ, I will go. ‫أ ْختَلِ ْف‬
َ
‫أ ْختَلِ ُف‬
َ If you submit,
he will submit.
ْ‫أ ُ ْسلِم‬ ُ‫أ ُ ْسلِم‬
ْ‫إِنْ ت َ ْختَلِفُ ْوا ن َ ْذهَب‬ ‫تَ ْختَلِفُ ْوا‬ َ‫تَ ْختَلِفُ ْون‬ ‫إِنْ ت ُ ْسلِ ُم ْوا ي ُ ْسلِ ُم ْوا‬ ‫تُ ْسلِ ُم ْوا‬ َ‫تُ ْسلِ ُم ْون‬
If you all differ,
we will go. ‫ن َ ْختَلِ ْف‬ ‫ن َ ْختَلِ ُف‬
If you all submit,
they will submit.
ْ‫ن ُ ْسلِم‬ ُ‫ن ُ ْسلِم‬

‫تَ ْختَلِ ْف‬ ‫تَ ْختَلِ ُف‬ ْ‫تُ ْسلِم‬ ُ‫تُ ْسلِم‬

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Now, let us take Mazeed feeh weak verb: ‫ اِتِقَاء‬،‫ مُتَّقًى‬،‫ مُتَّق‬،‫ق‬ ٰ ٰ
ِ َّ‫ اِت‬،ْ‫ يَتَّقِي‬،‫اِتَّقى( اِتَّقى‬: he feared)
pruned
‫يَت َّ ِق‬ ‫يَتَّقِ ْي‬
‫يَتَّقُ ْوا‬ َ‫يَتَّقُ ْون‬
‫إِنْ تَت َّ ِق اِل َ تُفْلِ ْح‬ ‫تَت َّ ِق‬ ‫تَتَّقِ ْي‬
َ َ
‫أتَّ ِق‬ ‫أتَّقِ ْي‬
If you fear Allah,
you will succeed.
‫إِنْ تَتَّقُ ْوا اِل َ تُفْلِ ُح ْوا‬ ‫تَتَّقُ ْوا‬ َ‫تَتَّقُ ْون‬

‫نَت َّ ِق‬ ‫نَتَّقِ ْي‬

If you all fear Allah,
you will succeed.

‫تَت َّ ِق‬ ‫تَتَّقِ ْي‬

Examples from the Qur’an:
ُ َ‫كمْ اَمْ َوال‬
ْ‫كم‬ ُ ْ ‫كمْ ا ُ ُج ْورَكُمْ وَ َل ي َ ْسئَل‬
ُ ِ ‫وَاِنْ تُؤْمِن ُ ْوا وَتَتَّقُ ْوا يُؤْت‬
And if you believe and fear Allah,
He will give you your rewards and not ask you for your properties.

‫جعَل ْ لَّه مَ ْخ َر ًجا‬

ْ َ ‫وَمَ ْن يت َّ ِق اِل َ ي‬
And whoever fears Allah – He will make for him a way out

َ ِ ْ ِ ‫ص ْدرَه ل‬ ْ ‫ف َ َم ْن يُّرِدِ اِل ُ اَنْ يهْ ِديَه ي َ ْش َر‬

َ ‫ح‬
ِ‫ل ْسلم‬
So whoever Allah wants to guide – He expands his chest for Islam
Sometimes the second part of the conditional sentence does not have ‫مُضارع‬ ‫فعل‬:
‫وَمَ ْن يت َ َو َُّك ْ عَلَى اِل ِ فَهُ َو َح ْسبُه‬
And whoever relies upon Allah – then He is sufficient for him

ُ َّ‫وَاِنْ تَن ْتَهُ ْوا فَهُ َو َخيْر ل‬

ْ‫كم‬
And if you desist [from hostilities], it is best for you

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 Types of ‫ ل‬with ‫مضارع‬ ‫فعل‬
Lesson
16

If you want to say that someone should do it, then use ‫( ِل‬should). ‫ ِل‬works as a scissor! Generally, this ‫ ِل‬is
preceded by ‫ َو‬or ‫ َف‬. In that case, it becomes: ‫( فَلْـ‬so he should) or ‫( وَلْـ‬and he should do). It is the 1st type of
َ
‫ل‬with ‫فعل مضارع‬, it is called: ‫ َلمُ ْاْلمْر‬. Below is an example with ‫فَلْـ‬.
See the translation in the following َ ُ‫ م‬+
‫ضارع‬
and he should write;
ْ‫كتُب‬ ْ َ ‫وَلْي‬ so, he should do ْ ‫يَفْعَل ُ = فَلْيَفْعَل‬+‫فَلْـ‬
and let him write
َ
and they should ask;
and let them ask ‫وَلْي َ ْسألُ ْوا‬ so, they should do ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْونَ = فَلْيَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬+‫فَلْـ‬
So he should fast (‫)صوم‬ ْ‫صم‬ ُ َ ‫فَلْي‬ so, you should do ْ ‫تَفْعَل ُ = فَلْتَفْعَل‬+‫فَلْـ‬
So they should worship ‫فَلْيَعْب ُ ُدوْا‬ so, I should do ْ ‫أَفْعَل ُ = ف َ ْْلَفْعَل‬+‫فَلْـ‬
Examples from the Qur’an
‫تَفْعَل ُ ْونَ = فَلْتَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬+‫فَلْـ‬
ِ ْ ‫ب هٰ َذا الْبَي‬
َّ َ‫فَل ْيَعْب ُ ُدوْا ر‬
so, you all should do
‫ت‬
So they should worship the Lord of this House so, we should do ْ ‫نَفْعَل ُ = فَلْنَفْعَل‬+‫فَلْـ‬
so, she should do ْ ‫تَفْعَل ُ = فَلْتَفْعَل‬+‫فَلْـ‬
2nd type of ‫ ل‬with ‫فعل مضارع‬, which is called: ‫ َلمُ التَّعْلِيْل‬. We are using hammer sign for this type of laam because
a hammer flattens the ending Dhammah for words such as ،ُ ‫ تَفْعَل‬،ُ‫ يَفْعَل‬etc. and makes it Fathah! It also flattens
the noon (vertically) of َ‫ تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬،َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬, so that noon becomes Alif! This is just a tip to remember the effect of
the hammer. Please note that the effect of scissor and hammer is the same on َ‫ تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬،َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬.

See the translation in the following َ ُ‫ م‬+

‫ضارع‬
so that he makes. َ ‫جعَل‬ ْ َ ‫لِي‬ so that he does َ ‫= لِيَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫يَفْعَل‬+‫لِـ‬
ْ
so that you all eat. ‫لِتَأ ُُك ُ ْوا‬ so that they do ‫= لِيَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+‫لِـ‬
so that we know. َ‫لِنَعْلَم‬ so that you do َ ‫= لِتَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬+‫لِـ‬
so that I become. َ‫ِْلَكُ ْون‬ so that I do َ ‫= ِْلَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫أَفْعَل‬+‫لِـ‬
Examples from the Qur’an
ُ َ ‫ك َجعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمة ً وَ َس ًطا ل ِت‬
ِ ‫كونُوا ُشهَ َداء َ عَلَى الن‬
‫اس‬ َ ِ ‫َوكَ ٰذل‬ so that you all do ‫= لِتَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+‫لِـ‬
And thus we have made you a just community so that we do َ ‫= لِنَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫نَفْعَل‬+‫لِـ‬
so that you may be witnesses in regard to
mankind so that she does َ ‫= لِتَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬+‫لِـ‬

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 ْ
3rd type of ‫ ل‬with ‫فعل مضارع‬, is: ‫نُونُ التَّأكِيْد‬+‫ َلم‬.

‫ ـن‬+ُ‫ يَفْعَل‬+
He will surely surely surely+ do ‫لَيَفْعَلَن‬ = ‫ـن‬+ُ‫يَفْعَل‬+‫لَـ‬
They will surely surely surely+ do ‫لَيَفْعَلُن‬ = ‫ـن‬+َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+‫لَـ‬
You will surely surely surely+ do ‫لَتَفْعَلَن‬ = ‫ـن‬+ُ‫تَفْعَل‬+‫لَـ‬
َ َ
I will surely surely surely+ do ‫َْلفْعَلَن‬ = ‫ـن‬+ُ‫أفْعَل‬+‫لَـ‬
You will surely surely surely+ do ‫لَتَفْعَلُن‬ = ‫ـن‬+َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+‫لَـ‬
We will surely surely surely+ do ‫لَنَفْعَلَن‬ = ‫ـن‬+ُ‫نَفْعَل‬+‫لَـ‬
She will surely surely surely+ do ‫لَتَفْعَلَن‬ = ‫ـن‬+ُ‫تَفْعَل‬+‫لَـ‬
Translate the following:

He will surely surely surely+ help. ‫ص َرن‬ُ ْ ‫لَيَن‬

We will surely surely surely+ become. ‫ك ْونَن‬ُ َ ‫لَن‬

You all will surely surely surely+ enter. ‫لَت َ ْد ُخلُن‬

َ
I will surely surely surely+ ask for forgiveness. ‫َْل ْستَغْفِ َرن‬
Example from the Qur’an:

‫وَالَّ ِذي ْ َن َجاهَ ُدوْا فِيْنَا لَنَهْ ِديَنهُمْ ُسبُلَنَا‬

And those who strive for Us - We will surely guide them to Our ways.

َ ُ‫فِعْل م‬
Changes in ‫ضارِع‬
َ َ
‫لَ – ن‬ ‫ لِـ‬،‫ أ َّل‬،ْ‫ أن‬،‫لَ ْن‬ ،ْ‫ إ ِن‬:‫ شرط‬...،‫ لَما‬،ْ‫لَم‬ َ ُ‫فِعْل م‬
‫ضارِع‬
(ultimate emphasis) ‫ وَلْـ‬،‫ فَلْـ‬،‫ لِـ‬،‫ مَا‬،‫مَ ْن‬ (Normal)
‫لَيَفْعَلَن‬ َ ‫يَفْعَل‬ ْ ‫يَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫يَفْعَل‬
‫لَيَفْعَلُن‬ ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬
‫لَتَفْعَلَن‬ َ ‫تَفْعَل‬ ْ ‫تَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬
َ َ ‫أَفْعَل‬ ْ ‫أَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫أَفْعَل‬
‫َْلفْعَلَن‬
‫لَتَفْعَلُن‬ ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬
‫لَنَفْعَلَن‬ َ ‫نَفْعَل‬ ْ ‫نَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫نَفْعَل‬
‫لَتَفْعَلَن‬ َ ‫تَفْعَل‬ ْ ‫تَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬

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 َ ُ‫ فِعْل م‬due to scissor and hammer words:
By these sentences, you can remember the changes of ‫ضارِع‬

Don’t do bad! ‫َل تَفْعَل ْ َش ًّرا‬

He did not do good ‫لَمْ يَفْعَل ْ َخي ْ ًرا‬ ‫ لَما‬،ْ‫لَم‬
َ ْ َ ‫ ي‬،ْ‫إِنْ يفْعَل‬
If he did, he will get reward ‫ك ِسبْ أ ْج ًرا‬ ‫ مَا‬،‫ مَ ْن‬،ْ‫إِن‬
So, he should do good ‫فَلْيَفْعَل ْ َخي ْ ًرا‬ ‫ وَلْـ‬،‫فَلْـ‬

َ
(so he do good) ‫خي ْ ًرا‬ َ ‫لِيَفْعَل‬ Man is created ‫لِـ‬
(will surely do good) ‫خي ْ ًرا‬َ ‫لَيَفْعَلَن‬ A good person ‫لَـ ۔۔۔ ـن‬
َ َ ‫لَ ْن يفْعَل‬ َ
(will never do good) ‫خي ْ ًرا‬ and a bad person ‫ َحتّٰى‬،ْ‫ أن‬،‫لَ ْن‬
All these sentences will be like this in plural form:
‫َل تَفْعَل ُ ْوا َش ًّرا‬
‫لَمْ يَفْعَل ُ ْوا َخي ْ ًرا‬ ‫ لَما‬،ْ‫لَم‬
َ ْ َ ‫ ي‬،‫نْ يفْعَل ُ ْوا‬Those
‫ك ِسب ُ ْوا أ ْج ًرا‬ ‫ مَا‬،‫ مَ ْن‬،ْ‫إن‬
who
ِ‫إ‬
‫فَلْيَفْعَل ُ ْوا َخي ْ ًرا‬ ‫ وَلْـ‬،‫فَلْـ‬

‫لِيَفْعَل ُ ْوا َخي ْ ًرا‬ ‫لِـ‬

‫لَيَفْعَلُن َخي ْ ًرا‬ ‫لَـ ۔۔۔ ـن‬
َ
‫لَ ْن يفْعَل ُ ْوا َخي ْ ًرا‬ ‫ َحتّٰى‬،ْ‫ أن‬،‫لَ ْن‬

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 ‫لَ ْن‬+‫ضارع‬
َ ُ‫ م‬with 3-Letter Verbs
Lesson
17

In this lesson, we will learn ‫ضارع‬ َ ُ‫ م‬+‫ لَ ْن‬for 3-Letter Verbs (Sound and Weak). This ‫ لَ ْن‬works like a hammer,
We have seen in the last lesson that it flattens the ending Dhammah and makes it fathah! It also flattens the
noon (vertically) of َ‫ تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬،َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬, so that noon becomes Alif! The effect of scissor and hammer is the same on
َ‫ تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬،َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬. Now, let us take 3-Letter sound verb: “ُ ‫”يَفْعَل‬.

Spoken Arabic َ ُ‫ م‬+

‫ضارع‬
َ ‫لَ ْن يفْعَل‬ ‫هَل ْ يَفْعَلُ؟‬ He will never do َ ‫= لَ ْن يفْعَل‬ ُ ‫يَفْعَل‬+‫لَ ْن‬
‫لَ ْن يفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ ‫هَل ْ يَفْعَل ُ ْونَ؟‬
‫= لَ ْن يفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+‫لَ ْن‬
َ ‫لَ ْن أَفْعَل‬ ‫هَل ْ تَفْعَلُ؟‬
They will never do

َ ‫لَ ْن نفْعَل‬ ‫هَل ْ تَفْعَل ُ ْونَ؟‬ You will never do َ ‫= لَ ْن تَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬+‫لَ ْن‬
I will never do َ ‫= لَ ْن أَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫أَفْعَل‬+‫لَ ْن‬
You will never do ‫= لَ ْن تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬+‫لَ ْن‬
We will never do َ ‫= لَ ْن نفْعَل‬ ُ ‫نَفْعَل‬+‫لَ ْن‬
She will never do َ ‫= لَ ْن تَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫تَفْعَل‬+‫لَ ْن‬
Scissor or hammer have same effect on َ‫ يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬or َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬, as shown in the first of these Qur’anic examples:
ْ ‫وَاِذْ قُلْتُمْ ي ٰ ُم ْو ٰسى لَ ْن ن‬
‫صبِ َر عَ ٰل َطعَام وا ِحد‬ ‫فَاِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَل ُ ْوا وَلَ ْن تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬
And [recall] when you said, "O Moses, we can But if you do not - and you will never be
never endure one [kind of] food. able to
ُ َ‫”ي َ ْسم‬.
Now, let us take another 3-Letter sound verb: “‫ع‬
Spoken Arabic َ ُ‫ م‬+
‫ضارع‬
(Assume that we are talking about evil talks)
‫لَ ْن ي ْسمَ َع‬ ‫هَل ْ ي َ ْسمَ ُع؟‬ He will never listen ‫لَ ْن ي ْس َم َع‬
‫لَ ْن ي ْسمَعُ ْوا‬ ‫هَل ْ ي َ ْسمَعُ ْونَ؟‬ They will never listen ‫لَ ْن ي ْس َمع ُ ْوا‬
َ
‫لَ ْن أ ْسمَ َع‬ ‫هَل ْ ت َ ْسمَ ُع؟‬ You will never listen ‫لَ ْن ت َ ْس َم َع‬
‫لَ ْن ن ْسمَ ُع‬ ‫هَل ْ ت َ ْسمَعُ ْونَ؟‬ I will never listen
َ
‫لَ ْن أ ْس َم َع‬
You all will never listen ‫لَ ْن ت َ ْس َمع ُ ْوا‬
We will never listen ‫لَ ْن ن ْس َم َع‬
She will never listen ‫لَ ْن ت َ ْس َم َع‬

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Now, let us take a 3-Letter weak verb: “ُ‫”يَقُ ْول‬.
Spoken Arabic
(Assume that we are talking about
َ ُ‫ فِعْل م‬+
‫ضارِع‬
saying bad words)
َ‫لَ ْن يقُ ْول‬ َ‫= لَ ْن يقُ ْول‬ ُ‫يَقُ ْول‬+‫لَ ْن‬
‫هَل ْ يَقُ ْولُ؟‬
He will never say

‫لَ ْن يقُ ْولُ ْوا‬ ‫هَل ْ يَقُ ْولُ ْونَ؟‬ They will never say ‫= لَ ْن يقُ ْولُ ْوا‬ َ‫يَقُ ْولُ ْون‬+‫لَ ْن‬
َ‫لَ ْن أَق ُ ْول‬ ‫هَل ْ تَقُ ْولُ؟‬ You will never say َ‫= لَ ْن تَقُ ْول‬ ُ‫تَقُ ْول‬+‫لَ ْن‬
َ‫لَ ْن نقُ ْول‬ ‫هَل ْ تَقُ ْولُ ْونَ؟‬
I will never say َ‫ أَق ُ ْولُ = لَ ْن أَق ُ ْول‬+‫لَ ْن‬
You all will never say ‫ تَقُ ْولُ ْونَ = لَ ْن تَقُ ْولُ ْوا‬+‫لَ ْن‬
We will never say َ‫ نَقُ ْولُ = لَ ْن نقُ ْول‬+‫لَ ْن‬
She will never say َ‫تَقُ ْولُ = لَ ْن تَقُ ْول‬+‫لَ ْن‬
َ ْ َ
Examples from the Qur’an for ْ‫أن‬ ،‫لن‬:
‫وَاَنا َظنَنا اَنْ لَّ ْن تَقُ ْولَ ْالِن ْ ُس وَالْ ِج ُّن عَلَى اِل ِ كَ ِذبًا‬ َ‫اس اَنْ يُّت ْ َركُ ْوا اَنْ يقُ ْولُ ْوا ٰامَنا وَهُمْ َل يُفْتَن ُ ْون‬
ُ ‫ا َ َح ِسبَ الن‬
And we had thought that mankind and the jinn Do the people think that they will be left to say,
would never speak about Allah a lie. "We believe" and they will not be tried?
ِْ َ َ َ
ْ ‫يأت‬.” (‫ أت‬He came, ‫ أ ٰت بِـ‬He came with)
Now, let us take another 3-Letter weak verb: “‫ي‬ ٰ
َ ُ‫ فِعْل م‬+
‫ضارِع‬
ْ ْ َ ْ
He will
never come ‫ي‬ َ ِ ‫ت‬ ‫= لن يأ‬ ‫يَأت ِ ْي‬+‫لَ ْن‬
ْ َ‫يَأْتُ ْون‬+‫لَ ْن‬
Examples from the Qur’an for ْ‫أن‬: They will never come ‫= لَ ْن يأتُ ْوا‬
َ ٰٓ ‫هَل ْ يَن ْ ُظ ُروْنَ ا ِ َّاَّل اَنْ تَاْتِيَهُمُ الْمَل‬
ُ ‫ِئكة‬
ْ ْ
َ ‫ت رَب‬ ِ ٰ ‫ض ٰاي‬ُ ْ‫ك ا َ ْو يَاْت ِ َى بَع‬ َ ُّ‫ا َ ْو يَاْت ِ َى رَب‬
You will
‫= لَ ْن تَأت ِ َي‬ ‫تَأت ِ ْي‬+‫لَ ْن‬
‫ِك‬ never come

Do they wait either for the angels to I will never come ‫ ٰات ِ ْي = لَ ْن ٰات ِ َي‬+‫لَ ْن‬
ْ ْ
appear before them or for your Lord to
come unto them or for some clear signs
of your Lord to appear before them?
You all will
never come ‫ تَأتُ ْونَ = لَ ْن تَأتُ ْوا‬+‫لَ ْن‬
ْ ْ
We will
never come ‫ نَأت ِ ْي = لَ ْن نأت ِ َي‬+‫لَ ْن‬
ْ ْ
She will
never come ‫تَأت ِ ْي = لَ ْن تَأت ِ َي‬+‫لَ ْن‬

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 ‫لَ ْن‬+‫ضارع‬
َ ُ‫ م‬with Mazeed Feeh Verbs
Lesson
18
َ ُ‫ م‬+‫ لَ ْن‬for Mazeed Feeh Verbs (Sound and Weak).
In this lesson, we will learn ‫ضارع‬
َ َ
Now, let us take 3-Letter sound verb: ‫س َلم‬
ْ ِ ‫ إ‬،‫ مُ ْسلَم‬،‫ مُ ْسلِم‬،ْ‫ أ ْسلِم‬،ُ‫ ي ُ ْسلِم‬،َ‫أ ْسلَم‬
Spoken Arabic َ ُ‫ فِعْل م‬+
‫ضارع‬
َ‫لَ ْن ي ُّ ْسلِم‬ ‫هَل ْ ي ُ ْسلِمُ؟‬
He will
never submit
َ‫ي ُ ْسلِمُ = لَ ْن ي ُّ ْسلِم‬+‫لَ ْن‬
‫لَ ْن ي ُّ ْسلِمُ ْوا‬ ‫هَل ْ ي ُ ْسلِمُ ْونَ؟‬ They will
never submit ‫ي ُ ْسلِمُ ْونَ = لَ ْن ي ُّ ْسلِ ُم ْوا‬+‫لَ ْن‬
َ‫لَ ْن أ ُ ْسلِم‬ ‫هَل ْ ت ُ ْسلِمُ؟‬ You will
َ‫تُ ْسلِمُ = لَ ْن ت ُ ْسلِم‬+‫لَ ْن‬
َ‫لَ ْن ن ُّ ْسلِم‬ ‫هَل ْ ت ُ ْسلِمُ ْونَ؟‬
never submit
I will
never submit
َ‫أ ُ ْسلِمُ = لَ ْن أ ُ ْسلِم‬+‫لَ ْن‬
You all will never
submit ‫تُ ْسلِمُ ْونَ = لَ ْن ت ُ ْسلِمُ ْوا‬+‫لَ ْن‬
We will
never submit
َ‫ن ُ ْسلِمُ = لَ ْن ن ُّ ْسلِم‬+‫لَ ْن‬
She will
never submit
َ‫تُ ْسلِمُ = لَ ْن ت ُ ْسلِم‬+‫لَ ْن‬
Examples from the Qur’an for ‫حتّٰى‬
َ ،‫لَ ْن‬:
ِ ُ ‫لَ ْن تَنَالُوا الْبِ َّر َحتّٰى تُنْفِقُ ْوا مِما ت‬
َ‫حب ُّ ْون‬ ُ َ‫قَالَ لَ ْن اُرْ ِسلَه مَع‬
ْ ‫كم‬
Never will you attain the good [reward] until you Their father said: “I shall never send him
spend [in the way of Allah] from that which you love. with you”
َ ْ َ ْ ْ ْ ْ ْ َ ‫ ي‬،‫ا ِ ْختَل َ َف‬
Now, let us take another Mazeed Feeh sound verb: ‫ اِختَلف‬،‫ مُختَلف‬،‫مُختَلِف‬،‫ ا ِ ْختَلِف‬،‫ختَلِ ُف‬
Spoken Arabic َ ُ ْ ‫ فِعل مضارع‬+
‫لَ ْن ي ْختَلِ َف‬ ‫هَل ْ ي َ ْختَلِ ُف؟‬ He will never differ ‫ي َ ْختَلِ ُف = لَ ْن ي ْختَلِ َف‬+‫لَ ْن‬
‫لَ ْن ي ْختَلِفُ ْوا‬ ‫هَل ْ ي َ ْختَلِفُ ْونَ؟‬ They will never differ ‫ي َ ْختَلِفُ ْونَ = لَ ْن ي ْختَلِفُ ْوا‬+‫لَ ْن‬
َ
‫لَ ْن أ ْختَلِ َف‬ ‫هَل ْ ت َ ْختَلِ ُف؟‬ You will never differ ‫تَ ْختَلِ ُف = لَ ْن ت َ ْختَلِ َف‬+‫لَ ْن‬
َ َ
‫لَ ْن ن ْختَلِ َف‬ ‫هَل ْ ت َ ْختَلِفُ ْونَ؟‬ I will never differ ‫أ ْختَلِ ُف = لَ ْن أ ْختَلِ َف‬+‫لَ ْن‬
You all will never
differ
‫تَ ْختَلِفُ ْونَ = لَ ْن ت َ ْختَلِفُ ْوا‬+‫لَ ْن‬
We will never differ ‫= لَ ْن ن ْختَلِ َف‬ ‫ن َ ْختَلِ ُف‬+‫لَ ْن‬
She will never differ ‫= لَ ْن ت َ ْختَلِ َف‬ ‫تَ ْختَلِ ُف‬+‫لَ ْن‬

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‫ٰات‪ ،‬مُؤْت‪ ،‬مُؤْتًى‪ ،‬إِيْتَاء ‪Now, let us take Mazeed Feeh weak verb:‬‬
‫ٰات‪ ،‬يُؤْتِيْ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫ٰات( ٰ‬
‫)‪ٰ : he gave‬‬

‫‪Spoken Arabic‬‬ ‫‪ +‬فِعْل مُ َ‬

‫ضارِع‬
‫لَ ْن يُّؤْت ِ َي‬ ‫هَل ْ يُؤْت ِ ْي؟‬
‫لَ ْن يُّؤْتُ ْوا‬ ‫هَل ْ يُؤْتُ ْونَ؟‬ ‫‪He will never give‬‬ ‫= لَ ْن يُّؤْت ِ َي‬ ‫لَ ْن‪+‬يُؤْت ِ ْي‬
‫ُ‬
‫لَ ْن أوْت ِ َي‬ ‫هَل ْ تُؤْت ِ ْي؟‬ ‫‪They will never give‬‬ ‫= لَ ْن يُّؤْتُ ْوا‬ ‫لَ ْن‪+‬يُؤْتُ ْونَ‬
‫لَ ْن نُّؤْت ِ َي‬ ‫هَل ْ تُؤْتُ ْونَ؟‬ ‫‪You will never give‬‬ ‫= لَ ْن تُؤْت ِ َى‬ ‫لَ ْن‪+‬تُؤْت ِ ْى‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫لَ ْن‪+‬أوْت ِ ْي = لَ ْن أوْت ِ َي‬
‫َ‬
‫‪:‬أنْ ‪Example from the Qur’an for‬‬ ‫‪I will never give‬‬
‫كمَ وَالنُّب ُ َّوة َ ثُم‬ ‫مَا ََكنَ لِب َ َشر اَنْ ي ُّ ْؤتِيَه ُ الل ُ الْ ِكتٰبَ وَالْ ُح ْ‬
‫اس كُ ْون ُ ْوا ِعبَادًا ل ِ ْى مِ ْن دُوْ ِن اِل ِ‬ ‫يَقُ ْولَ لِلن ِ‬
‫‪You (all) will never‬‬
‫‪give‬‬ ‫لَ ْن‪+‬تُؤْتُ ْونَ = لَ ْن تُؤْتُ ْوا‬
‫لَ ْن‪+‬نُؤْت ِ ْي = لَ ْن نُّؤْت ِ َي‬
‫‪It does not befit a man that Allah‬‬
‫‪should grant him His Book and sound‬‬ ‫‪We will never give‬‬
‫‪judgement and prophet-hood, and‬‬

‫لَ ْن‪+‬تُؤْت ِ ْي = لَ ْن تُؤْت ِ َي‬

‫‪thereafter he should say to men:‬‬
‫‪'Become servants to me apart from‬‬ ‫‪She will never give‬‬
‫‪Allah.‬‬
‫‪.‬فِعْل مُ َ‬
‫ضارِع ‪Below is a summary of what we have learnt about the changes in‬‬
‫َ َ‬
‫لَ – ن‬ ‫لَ ْن‪ ،‬أنْ‪ ،‬أ َّل‪ ،‬لِـ‬ ‫لَمْ‪ ،‬لَما‪ ...،‬شرط‪ :‬إ ِنْ‪،‬‬ ‫فَعْل مُ َ‬
‫ضارِع‬
‫)‪(ultimate emphasis‬‬ ‫َم ْن‪َ ،‬ما‪ ،‬لِـ‪ ،‬فَلْـ‪ ،‬وَلْـ‬ ‫)‪(Normal‬‬

‫لَيَفْعَلَن‬ ‫يَفْعَل َ‬ ‫يَفْعَل ْ‬ ‫يَفْعَل ُ‬

‫لَيَفْعَلُن‬ ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ ‫يَفْعَل ُ ْونَ‬
‫لَتَفْعَلَن‬ ‫تَفْعَل َ‬ ‫تَفْعَل ْ‬ ‫تَفْعَل ُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫أَفْعَل َ‬ ‫أَفْعَل ْ‬ ‫أَفْعَل ُ‬
‫َْلفْعَلَن‬
‫لَتَفْعَلُن‬ ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬ ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْونَ‬
‫لَنَفْعَلَن‬ ‫نَفْعَل َ‬ ‫نَفْعَل ْ‬ ‫نَفْعَل ُ‬
‫لَتَفْعَلَن‬ ‫تَفْعَل َ‬ ‫تَفْعَل ْ‬ ‫تَفْعَل ُ‬

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Lesson Nominal Sentence
19 (Masculine Gender)

Arabic Grammar is divided into two important parts: Sarf and Nahw. Let us take very simplified definitions.
• َ ): How to make a word from letters (generally 3 letters constitute a word) and
Sarf (‫ص ْرف‬
• Nahw (‫حو‬ ْ َ ‫)ن‬: How to join words to make pairs and sentences.
In this lesson, we will learn how to make a simple sentence that starts with a noun. Such a sentence is called
Nominal sentence (‫اسميه‬ ‫)جمله‬. For example:
‫كَبِيْر‬ ُ ْ ‫اَلْبَي‬
‫ت‬
is big. The house
• This word gives the news that the house • It is the first ‘‫’اسم‬.
is big. • Because you know the house that you are talking about,
• It is therefore called ‫( َخبَر‬news). ُ ْ ‫( اَلْبَي‬The house).
therefore it is ‫ت‬
• It does not have ْ‫ ال‬before it.
The Arabic nouns by default have Dhammah (‫ )ــُــ‬or double Dhammah (‫ )ــٌــ‬on them as if they are always
ُ ْ ‫ الْبَي‬،‫ َخالِد‬،ُ‫اَلل‬.
standing and are ready to work. For example, ‫ت‬
• This status is called ‫ رَفع‬status. To show it using TPI, we can use the right-hand finger pointing upwards.
• Both the ‫ اسم‬and the ‫ َخبَر‬in ‫ جمله اسميه‬have ‫ رَفع‬status.
Learn the translation in the following sentences:
The believer is pious. ‫صالِح‬ َ ‫اَلْمُؤْمِ ُن‬ Allah is forgiving. ‫اَلل ُ غَفُ ْور‬
The believers are pious. َ‫صال ِ ُحون‬َ َ‫اَلْمُؤْمِن ُ ْون‬ The house is big. ‫ت كَبِير‬ ُ ْ ‫اَلْبَي‬
The hypocrite is disobedient. ‫اَلْمُنَاف ِ ُق فَا ِسق‬ The Muslim is truthful. ‫صادِق‬ َ ُ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬
The hypocrites are disobedient. َ‫اَلْمُنَافِقُ ْونَ فَا ِسقُ ْون‬ The Muslims are truthful. َ‫صادِق ُ ْون‬
َ َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬
Learn to make the plural in the following sentences:
َ‫صادِق ُ ْون‬
َ َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬ ‫صادِق‬َ ُ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬
َ‫صال ِ ُحون‬َ َ‫اَلْمُؤْمِن ُ ْون‬ ‫صالِح‬ َ ‫اَلْ ُمؤْ ِم ُن‬
َ‫اَلْمُنَافِقُ ْونَ فَا ِسقُ ْون‬ ‫اَلْمُنَاف ِ ُق فَا ِسق‬
With proper names, we don’t need ْ‫ ال‬because the name itself shows that we are talking of a specific person.
For example:
Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬is a Messenger. ‫مُ َحمد رَ ُس ْول‬
Hood AS is a Prophet. ‫هُ ْود نَبِ ٌّي‬
Zaid is small. ‫صغِيْڑ‬َ ‫زَي ْ ٌد‬
Sa’d is big. ‫َسعْ ٌد كَبِيْر‬

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Lesson Nominal Sentence
20 (Feminine Gender)

Now, we will learn Nominal sentence for Feminine gender. Let us take examples of Feminine words:

The school is big. ‫اَلْمَ ْدرَ َسة ُ كَبِي ْ َرة‬

The Muslim (lady) is truthful. ‫صادِق َة‬ َ ُ ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمَة‬
The Muslim women are truthful. ‫صادِق َات‬ ُ َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬
َ ‫ات‬
Note that ‫( مدرسة‬school) in Arabic is a feminine word because it has the round taa (‫ )ة‬at its end.
Learn the translation in the following sentences:

The believer (lady) is pious. ‫صال ِ َحة‬َ ُ ‫اَلْمُؤْمِنَة‬

The believer women are pious. ‫صال ِ َحات‬
َ ‫ات‬ ُ َ ‫اَلْمُؤْ ِمن‬
The hypocrite (lady) is disobedient. ‫اَلْمُنَافِقَة ُ فَا ِسقَة‬
The hypocrite women are disobedient. ‫ات فَا ِسقَات‬ُ َ‫اَلْمُنَافِق‬
Learn the plural in the following sentences:

‫صادِقَات‬َ ‫ات‬ُ َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬ ‫صادِقَة‬َ ُ ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمَة‬

‫صال ِ َحات‬
َ ‫ات‬ُ َ ‫اَلْمُؤْمِن‬ ‫صال ِ َحة‬َ ُ ‫اَلْمُؤْمِنَة‬
‫ات فَا ِسقَات‬
ُ َ‫اَلْمُنَافِق‬ ‫اَلْمُنَافِقَة ُ فَا ِسقَة‬
Learn the feminine gender in the following sentences:

‫صادِقَة‬َ ُ ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمَة‬ ‫صادِق‬َ ُ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬

‫صال ِ َحة‬َ ُ ‫اَلْ ُمؤْ ِمنَة‬
‫اَلْمُنَافِقَة ُ فَا ِسقَة‬
In Grammar lesson 13d, we have learnt that the broken plural act as singular feminine nouns. For example:
‫ ِجبَال‬،‫ َجبَل‬،‫ مَ َساجِد‬،‫ مَ ْسجِد‬،‫ بُي ُ ْوت‬،‫بَيْت‬.
Learn to translate the following sentences:
The mosques are old.
The houses are new.
The mountains are big.
Learn to make the plural in the following sentences:
‫اَلْمَ َساج ُِد ق َ ِديْمَة‬
‫ت َج ِدي ْ َدة‬ ُ ‫اَلْبُي ُ ْو‬
‫اَلْ ِجبَالُ كَبِي ْ َرة‬
‫صالِح‬ َ ‫اَلْ ُمؤْ ِم ُن‬
‫اَلْمُنَاف ِ ُق فَا ِسق‬
‫اَلْمَ َساج ُِد ق َ ِديْمَة‬
‫ت َج ِدي ْ َدة‬ ُ ‫اَلْبُي ُ ْو‬
‫اَلْ ِجبَالُ كَبِي ْ َرة‬
‫الْمَ ْسج ُِد ق َ ِديْم‬
‫ت َج ِديْد‬ ُ ْ ‫اَلْبَي‬
‫جبَل ُ كَبِيْر‬ َ ْ‫اَل‬

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 Workbook
(Qur'an Part)

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 01 - Introduction & Feminine Pronouns
Q-1: What we have learnt in the previous courses and what we will learn in this one?
Ans:

َ
Q-2: What will be feminine of ْ‫ هُم‬and ْ‫?أنْتُم‬
Ans:

Q-3: Write the Arabic of “Their (women) Rabb.”

Ans:

Q-4: Complete the table given below:

‫رَبُّنَا‬ ‫رَب ِ ْي‬ ‫رَبُّهَا‬

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 02 - 3-Letter Verb table for feminine gender

Q-1: Answer the following questions:
• Translate into Arabic: Did you all (women) do good deeds?
َ
• Translate into English: ‫ أفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا‬،ْ‫ن َعَم‬
• Answer with ‘yes’ in Arabic: ‫هَل ْ تَفْعَلِي ْ َن َخي ْ ًرا؟‬
Q-2: Write the complete table of “َ ‫( ”فَعَل‬feminine gender).
َ
)‫فعل نهي(مؤنث‬،‫فعلأمر‬ )‫مضارع (مؤنث‬
ِ ‫فعل‬ )‫فعلماض (مؤنث‬

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Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 03 - Mazeed Feeh Verb table for feminine gender
Q-1: Answer the following questions:
• Translate into Arabic: Did they (women) submitted to Allah?

• Translate into English: ِ ‫ ي ُ ْسلِ ْم َن ِِل‬،ْ‫نَعَم‬

• Answer with ‘yes’ in Arabic: ‫هَل ْ ت ُ ْسلِ ْم َن ِِل ِ؟‬
َ
Q-2: Write the complete table of “َ‫( ”أ ْسلَم‬feminine gender).
َ
)‫فعل نهي(مؤنث‬،‫فعلأمر‬ )‫مضارع (مؤنث‬
ِ ‫فعل‬ )‫فعلماض (مؤنث‬

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 04 - Dual forms (Pronouns & Past tense)

Q-1: Answer the following questions:
• Translate into Arabic: Their (two) Rabb is Allah
• Translate into English: ‫ك َما؟‬ ُ ُّ‫مَ ْن رَب‬

• Answer with ‘yes’ in Arabic: ‫هَل ْ فَعَلْت ُ َما َخي ْ ًرا؟‬

Q-2: Fill in the blanks by writing appropriate Arabic or English words:
They (two)
‫رَبُّهُمَا‬
You two did
َ
‫أنْت ُ َما‬
‫فَع َ َل‬
Your2 Rabb

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Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 05 - Dual forms: ‫ اسم فاعل ومفعول‬،‫ أمر ونهي‬،‫فعل مضارع‬
Q-1: Answer the following questions:
• Translate into Arabic: Do they (two) do good deeds?
• Translate into English: .‫نَعَمْ! نَفْعَل ُ َخي ْ ًرا‬
• Answer with ‘yes’ in Arabic: ‫ص َرا ِن؟‬ ِ ‫هَل ْ أَنْت ُ َما نَا‬
Q-2: Write the dual forms for َ ‫فَعَل‬.
‫اسمفاعلومفعول‬ ‫فعلأمر ونھی‬ ‫فعلمضارع‬

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 06 - Passive voice ‫فعل مجهول‬

Q-1: Answer the following questions:
• Translate into Arabic: Are you all being provided?
• Translate into English: ‫ت‬ُ ْ ‫نَعَمْ رُزِق‬

• Answer with ‘yes’ in Arabic: ‫هَل ْ رُزِقْتُمْ؟‬

َ
Q-2: Write the complete tables for the verbs: ‫ َس ِم َع‬and َ‫ أنْزَل‬in passive voice.
)Mazeed Feeh verbs(‫فعلمجهول‬ )3-letter verbs( ‫فعل مجهول‬
ُ‫يُنْزَل‬ َ‫أُن ْ ِزل‬ ‫ي ُ ْسمَ ُع‬ ‫ُس ِم َع‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 07 - َ‫ َح ِسب‬،َ‫ كَ ُرم‬Pattern
Q-1: Write the 6 keys and translation of the words given below:
Translation Name of action ‫اسم مفعول‬ ‫اسم فاعل‬ ‫فعل أمر‬ ‫فعل مضارع‬ ٍ ‫فعل‬
‫ماض‬
َ ‫كم‬ ُ ‫َح‬

‫ص َر‬ ُ َ‫ب‬
‫بَعُ َد‬
Q-2: Write the full table for the verb َ‫( عَ ُظم‬He was great), which is similar to َ‫ كَ ُرم‬and circle the 6
keys. No need for the
َ
translation.
،‫فعلنهى‬،‫فعل أمر‬
Name of action ،‫ اسم مفعول‬،‫اسم فاعل‬
‫مضارع‬
ِ ‫فعل‬ ‫فعل ماض‬

َ‫عَ ُظم‬

‫ عَ َظامَة‬،‫ِع َظم‬

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 08 - Name of a place (‫)اسم مَكن‬

Q-1: Answer the following questions:
• What are the 3 rules (patterns) of “name of a place”?
• What will be plural of “name of place”?
• What is the simple sentence to remember the 3 patterns
of name of place?
Q-2: Some verbs are mentioned below, write its “name of place” with its plural.
Plural Name of a place (‫مَكن‬ ‫)اسم‬ Verbs

َ‫ذَهَب‬
َ ‫دَ َخل‬
‫َش َر َق‬
‫ج َد‬َ ‫َس‬
‫دَرَ َس‬
‫ك‬َ َ ‫َمل‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 09 - Words for ‫ مبالغة‬،‫ تفضيل‬،‫صفة‬
Q-1: which pattern will be used when doing something becomes someone’s habit, give an
example too?
Ans:

Q-2: If someone has the quality more than others, then which pattern will be used, explain
with an example.
Ans:

Q-3: Identify the words given below and put the correct mark on appropriate word:
‫مُب َالَغ َة‬ ِ ْ‫تَف‬
‫ضي ْل‬ ‫صفَة‬
ِ ُ ‫َش‬
‫ك ْور‬ ‫مُب َالَغ َة‬ ِ ْ‫تَف‬
‫ضي ْل‬ ‫صفَة‬
ِ ‫تَ َّواب‬
‫مُب َالَغ َة‬ ِ ْ‫تَف‬
‫ضي ْل‬ ‫صفَة‬
ِ ‫ف َ ْر َحان‬ ‫مُب َالَغ َة‬ ِ ْ‫تَف‬
‫ضي ْل‬ ‫صفَة‬
ِ ‫لَ ِطيْف‬
‫مُب َالَغ َة‬ ‫ضي ْل‬ِ ْ‫تَف‬ ‫صفَة‬ ِ ‫ق ُ ُّد ْوس‬ ‫مُب َالَغ َة‬ ‫ضي ْل‬ِ ْ‫تَف‬ ‫صفَة‬ ِ َ ْ‫أَم‬
‫جد‬
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 10 - Broken Plural ‫( جمع تكسير‬1)
Q-1: How many types of plural in Arabic language?
Ans:

Q-2: Write some patterns of broken plural in Arabic.

Ans:

Q-3: Write the singular/ plural of the words given below with its meanings.
Meanings singular/ plural words
‫نَفْس‬
َ
‫أ ْخيَار‬
‫زَوْج‬
‫قِرْد‬
‫قُل ُ ْوب‬
‫عَهْد‬
‫نِي ْ َران‬
‫رَ ُس ْول‬
‫ُش َر ََكء‬
‫عَبْد‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 11 - Broken Plural ‫( جمع تكسير‬2)
Q-1: How a broken plural of a thing (not a person) is treated?
Ans:

Q-2: Underline the broken plural words and feminine gender verbs in the Qur’anic verses
given below:
٪﴾ۙ 3٪﴿ ‫صبَة‬
ِ ‫ عَامِلَة نا‬٪﴾ۙ 2٪﴿ ‫ و ُ ُج ْوه ي ْومَِئذ َخا ِشعَة‬٪﴾ؕ 1٪﴿ ِ ‫ث الْغَا ِشيَة‬
ُ ْ ‫ىك َح ِدي‬
َ ٰ‫هَل ْ اَت‬
٪﴾ؕ 5٪﴿ ‫ ت ُ ْسقٰى ِم ْن عَيْن ٰانِيَة‬٪﴾ۙ 4٪﴿ ً ‫ص ٰل نَارًا َحا ِميَة‬ْ َ‫ت‬
Q-3: Convert the given singular sentences into plural:
‫بَيْت وَا ِسع‬
‫اب َج ِديْد‬ ٌ َ ‫كِت‬
ْ ‫ت الَّ ِذ‬
‫ي۔۔۔‬ ُ ْ ‫اَلْبَي‬
‫هٰ َذا كِتَاب‬
ْ ‫اب الَّ ِذ‬
‫ي ۔۔۔‬ ُ َ ‫اَلْ ِكت‬

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 12 - ْ‫ لَم‬+ ‫ضارع‬

َ ُ‫ م‬with 3-Letter Verbs
Q-1: Answer the following questions:
• Translate into Arabic: Did you not do?
• Translate into English: ‫فَاِنْ لَّمْ تَفْعَل ُ ْوا وَلَ ْن تَفْعَل ُ ْوا‬
َ
• Answer with ‘no’ in Arabic: ‫ألَمْ يَقُ ْولُ ْوا؟‬
Q-2: Complete the table given below:
ُ ْ ‫لَمْ يَن‬
‫ص ْر‬ ‫لَمْ يَفْت َ ْح‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 13 -ْ‫ لَم‬+ ‫ضارع‬
َ ُ‫ م‬with Mazeed Feeh verbs
Q-1: Answer the following questions:
• Translate into Arabic: Did we not teach?
• Translate into English: َ‫ءَاَن ْ َذرْتَهُمْ اَمْ لَمْ تُن ْ ِذرْهُمْ َل يُؤْ ِمن ُ ْون‬
َ
• Answer with “no” in Arabic: ‫ألَمْ ي ُ ِري ْ ُدوْا؟‬
Q-2: Complete the table given below:
ْ‫لَمْ يُرِد‬ ْ‫لَمْ ي ُ ْسلِم‬

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 14 - Conditional words: ‫ مَا‬،‫ مَ ْن‬،ْ‫إِن‬

with 3-Letter Verbs
Q-1: What happens to “‫ ”فعل مضارع‬because of conditional words?
Ans:

Q-2: Translate into Arabic: “If you all promise, we will promise”.
Ans:

Q-3: Translate this sentence into Arabic: “if you promise then I will also promise”.
Ans:

َ
Q-4: Translate into English: “ُ‫”إ ِنْ تَدْعُ أدْع‬.
Ans:

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 15 - Conditional words: ‫ مَا‬،‫ مَ ْن‬،ْ‫إِن‬
with Mazeed Feeh verbs
Q-1: Translate into English: “‫”إ ِنْ تَت َّ ِق اِل َ تُفْلِ ْح‬.
Ans:

Q-2: Translate into Arabic: “If you differ, I will go”.

Ans:

Q-3: Is it compulsory to have “‫ ”فعل مضارع‬in the second part of conditional sentences?
Ans:

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 16 - Types of ‫ ل‬with ‫فعل مضارع‬

Q-1: How many types of “‫ ”ل‬mentioned in this lesson, and what are they?
Ans:

ُ ْ ‫”لَيَن‬.
Q-2: Translate into English: “‫ص َرن‬
Ans:

Q-3: Complete the table given below:

‫لَيَفْعَلَن‬ َ ‫لَ ْن يفْعَل‬ ْ ‫لَمْ يَفْعَل‬ ُ ‫يَفْعَل‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 17 -‫ لَ ْن‬+‫ضارع‬
َ ُ‫ م‬with 3-Letter Verbs
Q-1: Which type of changes happens when ‫ لَ ْن‬occur before “َ‫ ”يَفْعَل ُ ْون‬and “َ‫?”تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬
Ans:

Q-2: Add ‫ لَ ْن‬before given verbs with the changes happening in it:

After adding ‫لَ ْن‬

Normal status of
verbs
َ‫يَقُ ْولُ ْون‬
ْ
‫نَأت ِ ْي‬
‫تَ ْسمَ ُع‬
َ‫تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬
ُ‫نَقُ ْول‬
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 18 -‫ لَ ْن‬+‫ضارع‬
َ ُ‫ م‬with Mazeed Feeh Verbs
Q-1: Complete the table given below:

‫لَ ْن يُّؤْت ِ َي‬ ‫لَ ْن ي ْختَلِ َف‬

Q-2: Scissor and Hammer words are given below, keep it in its appropriate boxes:
Hammer words Scissor words Words
َ
،ْ‫ إِن‬،‫ لَما‬،ْ‫ أن‬،ْ‫ لَم‬،‫لِـ‬
َ
،‫ مَ ْن‬،‫ وَلْـ‬،‫ أ َّل‬،‫لَ – ن‬
‫ لِـ‬،‫ لَ ْن‬،‫ فَلْـ‬،‫مَا‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 19 - Nominal Sentence (Masculine Gender)
Q-1: Write the simplified definitions of Sarf and Nahw.
Ans:

Q-2: What is “Nominal sentence”, explain with example.

Ans:

Q-3: What is the default status of nouns in Arabic and what it indicates?
Ans:

Q-4: Translate the following sentences into English.

َ ُ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬
‫صادِق‬ ‫اَلل ُ غَفُ ْور‬
‫صالِح‬َ ‫اَلْ ُمؤْمِ ُن‬ ‫ت كَبِير‬ ُ ْ ‫اَلْبَي‬

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 20 - Nominal Sentence (Feminine Gender)

Q-1: Convert the following sentences into feminine gender.
َ ُ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬
‫صادِق‬
‫صالِح‬َ ‫اَلْمُؤْمِ ُن‬
‫اَلْمُنَاف ِ ُق فَا ِسق‬
Q-2: Translate the following sentences into English.
‫اَلْ ِجبَالُ كَبِي ْ َرة‬
‫الْمَ ْسج ُِد ق َ ِديْم‬
‫صال ِ َحات‬ ُ َ ‫اَلْمُؤْمِن‬
َ ‫ات‬
‫ت َج ِديْد‬ُ ْ ‫اَلْبَي‬

‫اَلْمَ َساج ُِد ق َ ِديْمَة‬

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