‫َوعَل َ َم ءَادَ َم أٱۡل َ أۡسَٓاءَ كُلَهَا‬

How to refer Arabic dictionary

Ustad Badar Baqai

ICF Fremont,CA
1
 Preamble
Humans Are the World's Best Pattern-Recognition Machines

Humans are amazing pattern-recognition machines. They have the ability to

recognize many different types of patterns - and then transform these
"recursive probabilistic fractals" into concrete, actionable steps.
• Arabic is a pattern based algorithmic language
• It has an inherent ability to grow as and when human knowledge expands
• 99.5 % of its vocabulary is based on three letter stem (root) word AKA trilateral root
http://bigthink.com/endless-innovation/humans-are-the-worlds-best-pattern-recognition-machines-but-for-how-long
2
 ARABIC-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
• Author : Hans Wehr
– Fourth Edition
• Students are strongly
encouraged to buy it
• It is highly recommended
that students frequently
refer to the Arabic
dictionary
• Core of any language is
always its vocabulary

3
 Understanding the Entries
• Entries : Arabic words are arranged
according to Arabic root letters
• Given by the verb, in the perfect form,
of the base stem, comes first with the
transliteration indicating the vowel.
• It is followed by the vowel of the
imperfect form
• The verbal nouns or Masadir are given
in parenthesis
• Then comes the derived stems of scales,
indicated by bold face Roman numerals
II through X.
• Essentially synonymous definitions are
separated by commas.
• A semicolon marks the beginning of a
definition in a different semantic range.
• Foreign words are listed in straight
alphabetical order
• A dash occurring within a section
indicates that the following form of a
plural or of a verbal noun, or in some
instances the introduction of a new
vowel sound of the main entry.
• All following meanings in the section
even if they are not synonymous and are
separated by semicolons.
• Explanation of different Masadir
– Scale I
• Other words derived for Masadir
– Scale I etc …
• Explanation of different Masadr
– Scale II-X
• Isamu Faa`il, : Active particle
noun for doer of the action
• Ismu Maf`aool, Passive particle
noun for recipient of the action
4
Introduction to Hans Wehr’s Arabic Dictionary

5
Introduction to Hans Wehr’s Arabic Dictionary

6
Introduction to Hans Wehr’s Arabic Dictionary

7
 ‫َص ٌل ‪َ vs.‬ض ِم ْي ٌر ُمتَّ ِ‬
‫ص ٌل ‪Past Tense Verb Suffix vs.‬‬ ‫َض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِ‬
‫‪Past Tense Verb Suffix‬‬ ‫َض ِم ْي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل‬ ‫َض ِم ْي ٌر ُم ْنف ِ‬
‫َص ٌل‬
‫ُه‬ ‫ُه َو‬
‫ْا‬ ‫ُه َما‬ ‫ُه َما‬
‫ْوا‬ ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫ُه ْم‬
‫ْت‬ ‫َها‬ ‫ِه َي‬
‫َت ْا‬ ‫ُه َما‬ ‫ُه َما‬
‫َن‬ ‫ُه َّن‬ ‫ُه َّن‬
‫َت‬ ‫كَ‬ ‫اَن َْت‬
‫تُ َما‬ ‫ُك َما‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َما‬
‫تُ ْم‬ ‫ُك ْم‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت ْم‬
‫ِت‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اَن ِْت‬
‫تُ َما‬ ‫ُك َما‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َما‬
‫تُ َّن‬ ‫ك َُّن‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َّن‬
‫ُت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اَ َنا‬
‫َنا‬ ‫َنا‬ ‫َن ْح ُن‬
‫‪8‬‬
 ‫اب ِِف اۡل َ ْۡسَ ِاءِ‬
‫ات االِ ْع َر ِ‬
‫ع َ ََل َم ُ‬
‫الجر‬ ‫النصب‬ ‫الرفع‬
‫‪Accusative Case‬‬ ‫‪Accusative Case‬‬ ‫‪Nominative Case‬‬ ‫االسم‪Nouns‬‬
‫‪Example‬‬ ‫‪Sign‬‬ ‫‪Example‬‬ ‫‪Sign‬‬ ‫‪Example‬‬ ‫‪Sign‬‬

‫ال ْ َم ْس ِج ِد‬ ‫الكسرة‬ ‫ال ْ َم ْس ِج َدِ‬ ‫الفتحة‬ ‫ال ْ َم ْس ِج ُدِ‬ ‫الضمة‬ ‫) ‪(Single noun‬‬ ‫االسم المفرد‬
‫ال ْ َم َسا ِج ِد‬ ‫الكسرة‬ ‫ال ْ َم َسا ِج َدِ‬ ‫الفتحة‬ ‫ال ْ َم َسا ِج ُدِ‬ ‫الضمة‬ ‫)‪(Broken Plural‬‬ ‫جمع التكسري‬
‫الم ْسلِ َما ِتِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫الكسرة‬ ‫الم ْسلِ َما ِتِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫الكسرة‬ ‫الم ْسلِ َما ُتِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫الضمة‬ ‫(‪)Sound Feminine Plural‬‬ ‫جمع مؤنث سالم‬
‫الم َسافِ ِِر ِي ْ َنِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫الياء‬ ‫الم َسافِ ِِر ِي ْ َنِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫الياء‬ ‫الم َسافِ ُِرو َنِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫الواو‬ ‫(‪)Sound Masculine Plural‬‬ ‫جمع مذكر سالم‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫البیَنَ‬ ‫ط ََ‬ ‫الياء‬ ‫البیَنَ‬ ‫ط ََ‬ ‫الياء‬ ‫طالبانِِ‬ ‫اۡللف‬ ‫المثىن‬
‫)‪(Dual‬‬

‫أ ِبِ ِي ْ َِ‬
‫ك‬ ‫الياء‬ ‫ِأب َا َِ‬
‫ك‬ ‫اۡللف‬ ‫أ ُِبو َِ‬
‫ك‬ ‫الواو‬ ‫(أب ‪-‬أخ ‪ -‬حم ‪ -‬فو ‪ -‬ذو)‬ ‫اۡلۡساء الخمسة‬
‫فِ ْرعَ ِْو َِن‬ ‫الفتحة‬ ‫فِ ْرعَ ِْو َنِ‬ ‫الفتحة‬ ‫فِ ْرعَ ِْو ُِن‬ ‫الضمة‬ ‫(‪)dip-tote‬‬ ‫الممنوع من الصرف‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫الكسرة‬ ‫الفتحة الظاهرة ش َاه َد ُت القاض َ ََي‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُحك ُم القاض َي‬ ‫الضمة المقدرة‬ ‫االسم المنقوص٭‬
‫إلى القاض َي‬ ‫المقدرة‬
‫الكسرة‬ ‫الفتحة المقدرة‬ ‫الضمة المقدرة‬ ‫االسم المقصور٭‬
‫المقدرة‬
‫الكسرة‬ ‫الفتحة المقدرة‬ ‫الضمة المقدرة‬ ‫المضاف إىل ياء المتكلم٭‬
‫المقدرة‬
‫‪( To be studied in Book 3‬٭) ‪Note:‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
10
11
Verb Conjugations and Moods

12
 َِ ِ‫َسل‬
‫م‬
• ِ‫اب ْاالَفْعَ ِال‬ َِ ‫ َض َر‬: ‫ب‬
ِ ُ َ ‫ب =ب‬ ُِ ‫ي َ ْض ِر‬
• Root = ‫س ل م‬
• Scale = I
• Freq : 140 times in the
Quran, in 16 derived
forms
• Meaning :
to be safe and sound
‫َسلِ َِ‬
‫م‬
 َِ ِ‫َسل‬
ِ‫ي َ ْسل َ ُم‬-‫م‬
Vowel of the
Transliteration imperfect
Masadir (‫)م َصا ِدر‬
َ
Main Entry:
Perfect verb base stem
‫م‬ َِ ِ‫َسل‬
ُِ َ ‫ي َ ْسل‬-‫م‬ Definition in a
different semantic
range
Derived scales of the stem
‫ يُ َسلِ ُم‬-‫م‬
َِ َ ‫َسل‬
Preposition used for
something Or
someone etc

15
 َِ ِ‫َسل‬
ِ‫ي َ ْسل َ ُم‬-‫م‬

Phrases, idioms,
and sentences
which illustrate the
phraseological and
syntactic use

Derived scales III of the stem

‫ يُ َسال ِ ُم‬-‫م‬
َِ َ ‫َسال‬

Derived scales IV of the stem

َِ َ ‫أ َ ْسل‬
‫ يُ ْسلِ ُم‬-‫م‬

16
 َِ ِ‫َسل‬
ِ‫ي َ ْسل َ ُم‬-‫م‬
Scales V: ِ‫ يَت َ َسل َ ُم‬- ‫تَ َسل َ َم‬

Scale VI: ‫م‬

ِ َ ‫يَتَسال‬
ُ َ - ‫تَ َسال َ َم‬
Scale VIII: ‫م‬ ُِ ِ‫ ي َ ْستَل‬- ‫اِ ْستَل َ َم‬
ُِ ِ‫ ي َ ْست َ ْسل‬- ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ َم‬
Scale X: ‫م‬

Scale I : Masdar (ِ‫در‬

َ ‫)م ْص‬
َ

Scale I : Other Related words

 َِ ِ‫َسل‬
ِ‫ي َ ْسل َ ُم‬-‫م‬

ِ ِ‫)اِ ْسم ال ْ َفاع‬

Scale I : Active particle (ِ‫ل‬
ُ
ِ ‫)اِ ْسم ال ْ َم ْف ُع‬
Scale I : Passive particle (ِ‫ول‬
ُ

Scale II : Masdar (ِ‫در‬

َ ‫)م ْص‬
َ

Scale II : Related words

Scale IV : Masdar (ِ‫در‬

َ ‫)م ْص‬
َ
 Main Entry

A dash occurring
within a section
indicates that the
following form of
a plural or of a
verbal noun, or in
some instances
the introduction
of a new vowel
sound of the main
entry

19
 Points to remember and Caveats

• Nouns Path to glory in Surf (‫ص ْرف‬

َ )
– Derived forms : Remember pattern identification is
• Sigular (S) , Dual (D), and Plural (P)
an inherent human cognitive skill.
• Mascline (M) and Faminine (F)
• Maroo (N), Mansoob (A), Majroor (G) Polish and use this hidden ability
– Prefixes: ‫ حرف جر‬, ‫ الم التوكيد‬etc and learn to identify the
– Postfixes: ‫ َض ِم ْري ُمتَ ِصل‬etc THREE ROOT LETTERS
– Infixes : Broken Plural(‫ )جمع التكسري‬etc out of complex and convoluted
words ! ! !
• Verb
– Tenses and their conjugated derived forms of verbs
– Prefixes: ‫حرف نصب‬, ‫حرف استقبال‬, ‫ الم التعليل‬, ‫ حرف جزم‬etf
– Postfixes : Mafool bhi (as attached pronoun)
– Infixes : Scale VIII, X and higher may have infixed letters too.
• Caveat : Sound and Weak verbs
– Sound verbs ( ‫ )الفعل الصحيح‬- don't have a ‫ و‬or ‫ ي‬as one of the three root letters
– Weak verbs ( ‫ )الفعل المعتل‬- have a ‫ و‬or ‫ ي‬as one or more of the root radicals
• They follow special rules of transformation s ! !!

20
Let us estimate approximate number of
َِ ِ‫َسل‬
derived words of ‫م‬

21
 Estimation of number of derived words of ِ‫َسلِ َم‬

• Each scale yields number of verbs • Each Scale yields nouns

– Madi = 13 (because the P2MD = P2FD)
– Masdar, Faail, Mafaool,
– Mudari
Makaan/Zamaan
• Marfoo = 11 (P3FS = P2MS, P3FD = P2MD = P2FD)
• Mansoob = 9 (Mabni P3FP and P2FP ) • Each noun may have:
• Majzoom = 4 (Only the afal-u-arba get added) – SM (N,A,G) , DM (N, A/G),
• Mudari total = 24 PM (N, A/G), SF (N,A,G),
– Madi Majhool = 13 DF(N, A/G), PF(N, A/G)
– Mudari Majhool = 24 – Totaling = 14
– Amar = 6
– Total = 80 • Estimated Salima Nouns
• Estimated Salima verbs – 14 x 8 = 112 nouns
– Scales I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VIII, X • Attached pronoun as
– TOTAL = 80 x 8 = 640 verbs mudaf alahi
• Attached Mafool bhi (Pronoun)
– 112 x 14 = 1568 nouns
– 640 * 14 = 8960 verbs
Each verb and noun may have single or multiple prefix letters adding temporal and/or
emphatic sense respectively. Producing exponential explosion of vocabulary ! ! !
22
 ‫َسل َ َم ‪ -‬ي َ ْسلِ ُمِ )‪(Scale I‬‬
‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬
‫يُ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُسلِ َم‬ ‫ي َ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫َسل َ َم‬ ‫هو‬
‫ان‬ ‫يُ ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ي َ ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسل َ َما‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ ْسل َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ُسلِ ُموا‬ ‫ون‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫م‬
‫ُ‬
‫يَسلِ‬ ‫َسل َ ُموا‬ ‫هم‬
‫ُت ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُسلِ َم ْت‬ ‫تَ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫َسل َ َم ْت‬ ‫هي‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ َمتَا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَ ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسل َ َمتَا‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ ْسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ُسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫ي َ ْسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫َسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫هنِ‬
‫ُت ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ُسلِ ْم َ‬ ‫تَ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫َسل َ ْم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَ ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُسلِ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُت ْسل َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫تَ ْسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫َسل َ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫أنتم‬
‫ني‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ ْم ِت‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫َسل َ ْم ِت‬
‫ُت ْسلَم َ‬ ‫ني‬‫تَ ْسلم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَ ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُت ْسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫ُسلِ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫تَ ْسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫َسل َ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫أنتِ‬
‫أُ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُسلِ ْم ُت‬ ‫أ َ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫َسل َ ْم ُت‬ ‫أنا‬
‫ن ُ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُسلِ ْمنَا‬ ‫ن َ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫َسل َ ْمنَا‬ ‫نحن‬
‫‪23‬‬
 ‫َسل َ َم ‪ -‬يُ َسلِ ُِ‬
‫م)‪(Scale II‬‬
‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬
‫يُ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُسلِ َم‬ ‫يُ َسلِ ُم‬ ‫َسل َ َم‬ ‫هو‬
‫ان‬ ‫يُ َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يُ َسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسل َ َما‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ َسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُسلِ ُموا‬ ‫ون‬
‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫م‬
‫ُ‬
‫يسلِ‬ ‫َسل َ ُموا‬ ‫هم‬
‫ُت َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُسلِ َم ْت‬ ‫ُت َسلِ ُم‬ ‫َسل َ َم ْت‬ ‫هي‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ َمتَا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسل َ َمتَا‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ َسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ُسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫يُ َسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫َسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫هنِ‬
‫ُت َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ُسلِ ْم َ‬ ‫ُت َسلِ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫َسل َ ْم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫َ‬ ‫ُسلِ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َسل َ ْمتُ ْم‬
‫ُت َسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ُت َسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫أنتم‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ ْم ِت‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫َسل َ ْم ِت‬
‫ني‬‫ُت َسلَم َ‬ ‫ني‬‫ُت َسلم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُت َسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫ُسلِ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫ُت َسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫َسل َ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫أنتِ‬
‫أُ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُسلِ ْم ُت‬ ‫أُ َسلِ ُم‬ ‫َسل َ ْم ُت‬ ‫أنا‬
‫ن ُ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُسلِ ْمنَا‬ ‫ن ُ َسلِ ُم‬ ‫َسل َ ْمنَا‬ ‫نحن‬
‫‪24‬‬
 ‫َسال َ َم ‪ -‬يُ َسال ِ ُِ‬
‫م )‪(Scale III‬‬
‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬
‫يُ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ُسول ِ َم‬ ‫يُ َسال ِ ُم‬ ‫َسال َ َم‬ ‫هو‬
‫ان‬ ‫يُ َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسول ِ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يُ َسال ِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسال َ َما‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ َسال َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ُسول ِ ُموا‬ ‫ون‬
‫َ‬ ‫م‬‫ُ‬
‫يسال ِ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫َسال َ ُموا‬ ‫هم‬
‫ُت َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ُسول ِ َم ْت‬ ‫ُت َسال ِ ُم‬ ‫َسال َ َم ْت‬ ‫هي‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسول ِ َمتَا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسال ِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسال َ َمتَا‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ َسال َ ْم َن‬ ‫ُسول ِ ْم َن‬ ‫يُ َسال ِ ْم َن‬ ‫َسال َ ْم َن‬ ‫هنِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ُت َسال ِ ُم‬
‫ُت َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ُسول ْم َ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫َسال َ ْم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسول ِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسال ِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسال َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُسول ِ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُت َسال َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ون‬‫ُت َسال ُم َ‬ ‫َسال َ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫أنتم‬
‫ني‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُت َسالَم َ‬ ‫ُسول ِ ْم ِت‬ ‫ني‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُتسال ِ ِ‬
‫م‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َسال َ ْم ِت‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُسول ِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ُت َسال ِ َم ِ‬ ‫َسال َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُت َسال َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫ُسول ِ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫ُت َسال ِ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫َسال َ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫أنتِ‬
‫أُ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ُسول ِ ْم ُت‬ ‫أُ َسال ِ ُم‬ ‫َسال َ ْم ُت‬ ‫أنا‬
‫ن ُ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ُسول ِ ْمنَا‬ ‫ن ُ َسال ِ ُم‬ ‫َسال َ ْمنَا‬ ‫نحن‬
‫‪25‬‬
 ‫أ َ ْسل َ َم ‪ -‬يُ ْسلِ ُِ‬
‫م )‪(Scale IV‬‬
‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬
‫يُ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ َم‬ ‫يُ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ َم‬ ‫هو‬
‫ان‬ ‫يُ ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يُ ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ َما‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ ْسل َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ ُموا‬ ‫ون‬
‫ُْ َ‬ ‫م‬
‫ُ‬
‫يسلِ‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ ُموا‬ ‫هم‬
‫ُت ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ َم ْت‬ ‫ُت ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ َم ْت‬ ‫هي‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ َمتَا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ َمتَا‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ ْسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫يُ ْسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫هنِ‬
‫ُت ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ ْم َ‬ ‫ُت ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ ْم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫أُ ْسلِ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ ْمتُ ْم‬
‫ُت ْسل َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ُت ْسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫أنتم‬
‫ني‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُت ْسلَم َ‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ ْم ِت‬ ‫ني‬‫ُت ْسلم َ‬
‫ِِ‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ ْم ِت‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُت ْسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫أُ ْسلِ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫ُت ْسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫أ َ ْسل َ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫أنتِ‬
‫أُ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ ْم ُت‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ ْم ُت‬ ‫أنا‬
‫ن ُ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫أُ ْسلِ ْمنَا‬ ‫ن ُ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫أ َ ْسل َ ْمنَا‬ ‫نحن‬
‫‪26‬‬
 ‫تَ َسل َ َم ‪ -‬يَت َ َسل َ ُِ‬
‫م )‪(Scale V‬‬
‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬
‫يُت َ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ َم‬ ‫يَت َ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫تَ َسل َ َم‬ ‫هو‬
‫ان‬ ‫يُت َ َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يَت َ َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫تَ َسل َ َما‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُت َ َسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ ُموا‬ ‫يَت َ َسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫َ‬ ‫تَ َسل َ ُموا‬ ‫هم‬
‫ُتت َ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ َم ْت‬ ‫تَت َ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫تَ َسل َ َم ْت‬ ‫هي‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُتت َ َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ َمتَا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَت َ َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫تَ َسل َ َمتَا‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُت َ َسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫يَت َ َسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫تَ َسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫هنِ‬
‫ُتت َ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ ْم َ‬ ‫تَت َ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫تَ َسل َ ْم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُتت َ َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَت َ َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫تَ َسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُتت َ َسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫تَت َ َسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫َ‬ ‫تَ َسل َ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫أنتم‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ ْم ِت‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫تَ َسل َ ْم ِت‬
‫ني‬‫ُتت َ َسلَم َ‬ ‫ني‬‫تَت َ َسلَم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُتت َ َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَت َ َسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫تَ َسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُتت َ َسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫ُت ُسلِ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫تَت َ َسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫تَ َسل َ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫أنتِ‬
‫أُتَ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ ْم ُت‬ ‫أَتَ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫تَ َسل َ ْم ُت‬ ‫أنا‬
‫نُت َ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫ُت ُسلِ ْمنَا‬ ‫نَت َ َسل َ ُم‬ ‫تَ َسل َ ْمنَا‬ ‫نحن‬
‫‪27‬‬
 ‫م )‪(Scale VI‬‬
‫تَ َسال َ َم ‪ -‬يَت َ َسال َ ُِ‬
‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬
‫يُت َ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ َم‬ ‫يَت َ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫تَ َسال َ َم‬ ‫هو‬
‫ان‬ ‫يُت َ َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يَت َ َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫تَ َسال َ َما‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُت َ َسال َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ ُموا‬ ‫يَت َ َسال َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫تَ َسال َ ُموا‬ ‫هم‬
‫ُتت َ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ َم ْت‬ ‫تَت َ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫تَ َسال َ َم ْت‬ ‫هي‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُتت َ َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ َمتَا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَت َ َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫تَ َسال َ َمتَا‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُت َ َسال َ ْم َن‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ ْم َن‬ ‫يَت َ َسال َ ْم َن‬ ‫تَ َسال َ ْم َن‬ ‫هنِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُتت َ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ُت ُسول ْم َ‬ ‫تَت َ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫تَ َسال َ ْم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُتت َ َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَت َ َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫تَ َسال َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ون‬‫ُتت َ َسال َ ُم َ‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫ون‬‫تَت َ َسال َ ُم َ‬ ‫تَ َسال َ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫أنتم‬
‫ني‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُتت َ َسالَم َ‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ ْم ِت‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ِ‬
‫تَت َ َسالَم َ‬ ‫تَ َسال َ ْم ِت‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُتت َ َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَت َ َسال َ َم ِ‬ ‫تَ َسال َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُتت َ َسال َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫ُت ُسول ِ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫تَت َ َسال َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬
‫تَ َسال َ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫أنتِ‬
‫أُتَ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ ْم ُت‬ ‫أَتَ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫تَ َسال َ ْم ُت‬ ‫أنا‬
‫نُت َ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫ُت ُسول ِ ْمنَا‬ ‫نَت َ َسال َ ُم‬ ‫تَ َسال َ ْمنَا‬ ‫نحن‬
‫‪28‬‬
 ‫اِ ْستَل َ َم ‪ -‬ي َ ْستَلِ ُِ‬
‫م )‪(Scale VIII‬‬
‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬
‫يُ ْستَل َ ُم‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ َم‬ ‫ي َ ْستَلِ ُم‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ َم‬ ‫هو‬
‫ان‬ ‫يُ ْستَل َ َم ِ‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ي َ ْستَلِ َم ِ‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ َما‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ ْستَل َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ ُموا‬ ‫ون‬
‫َ‬ ‫م‬
‫ُ‬
‫يَستَلِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ ُموا‬ ‫هم‬
‫ُت ْستَل َ ُم‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ َم ْت‬ ‫تَ ْستَلِ ُم‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ َم ْت‬ ‫هي‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْستَل َ َم ِ‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ َمتَا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَ ْستَلِ َم ِ‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ َمتَا‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ ْستَل َ ْم َن‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ ْم َن‬ ‫ي َ ْستَلِ ْم َن‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ ْم َن‬ ‫هنِ‬
‫ُت ْستَل َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ ْم َ‬ ‫تَ ْستَلِ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ ْم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْستَل َ َم ِ‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَ ْستَلِ َم ِ‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫اُ ْستُلِ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ ْمتُ ْم‬
‫ُت ْستَل َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ون‬‫تَ ْستَل ُم َ‬ ‫أنتم‬
‫ني‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُت ْستَلَم َ‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ ْم ِت‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫تَ ْستَلم َ‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ ْم ِت‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْستَل َ َم ِ‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَ ْستَلِ َم ِ‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُت ْستَل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫اُ ْستُلِ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫تَ ْستَلِ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫اِ ْستَل َ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫أنتِ‬
‫أُ ْستَل َ ُم‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ ْم ُت‬ ‫أ َ ْستَلِ ُم‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ ْم ُت‬ ‫أنا‬
‫ن ُ ْستَل َ ُم‬ ‫اُ ْستُلِ ْمنَا‬ ‫ن َ ْستَلِ ُم‬ ‫اِ ْستَل َ ْمنَا‬ ‫نحن‬
‫‪29‬‬
 ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ َم ‪ -‬ي َ ْست َ ْسلِ ُِ‬
‫م )‪(Scale X‬‬
‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪imperfect‬‬ ‫‪perfect‬‬ ‫‪Pronouns‬‬
‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪passive‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬ ‫‪active‬‬
‫يُ ْست َ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ َم‬ ‫ي َ ْست َ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ َم‬ ‫هو‬
‫ان‬ ‫يُ ْست َ ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ي َ ْست َ ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ َما‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ ْست َ ْسل َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ُموا‬ ‫ون‬
‫ْ ْ َ‬ ‫م‬
‫ُ‬
‫يَستَسلِ‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ُموا‬ ‫هم‬
‫ُت ْست َ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ َم ْت‬ ‫تَ ْست َ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ َم ْت‬ ‫هي‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْست َ ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ َمتَا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَ ْست َ ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ َمتَا‬ ‫هما‬
‫يُ ْست َ ْسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫ي َ ْست َ ْسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫هنِ‬
‫ُت ْست َ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ْم َ‬ ‫تَ ْست َ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ْم َ‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْست َ ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَ ْست َ ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ْمتُ ْم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ْمتُ ْم‬
‫ُت ْست َ ْسل َ ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫تَ ْست َ ْسل ُم َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫أنتم‬
‫ني‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُت ْست َ ْسلَم َ‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ْم ِت‬ ‫ني‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫تَ ْست َ ْسلم َ‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ْم ِت‬ ‫أنت‬
‫ان‬ ‫ُت ْست َ ْسل َ َم ِ‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫ان‬ ‫تَ ْست َ ْسلِ َم ِ‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ْمتُ َما‬ ‫أنتما‬
‫ُت ْست َ ْسل َ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫تَ ْست َ ْسلِ ْم َن‬ ‫ت‬‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ْم ُ َ‬ ‫أنتِ‬
‫أُ ْست َ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ْم ُت‬ ‫أ َ ْست َ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ْم ُت‬ ‫أنا‬
‫ن ُ ْست َ ْسل َ ُم‬ ‫اُ ْستُ ْسلِ ْمنَا‬ ‫ن َ ْست َ ْسلِ ُم‬ ‫اِ ْست َ ْسل َ ْمنَا‬ ‫نحن‬
‫‪30‬‬
 References

• The Quranic Arabic Corpus

– http://corpus.quran.com
• Tanzil : The highly verified online Unicode Quran text
– http://tanzil.net
• Quran Explorer
– http://www.quranexplorer.com/Quran/Default.aspx
• Online arabic verb conjugator
– ACON : http://acon.baykal.be
– Verbix : http://www.verbix.com/languages/arabic.shtml
• Mawrid Reader: Arabic dictionary interface
– http://ejtaal.net/aa
• Arabic conjugation notes
– http://arabic.desert-sky.net/g_conj.html
• Arabic voice synthesis, TTS
– http://tinyurl.com/kmddq5j

31
And that is just the beginning …
‫َوعَل َ َم ءَادَ َم أٱۡل َ أۡسَٓاءَ كُلَهَا‬

Questions or Comments
Dr. Rashed Z. Bhatti
rzbhatti@gmail.com

32
More examples to practice

33
 ِ‫ب‬
َ ‫س‬
َ ‫ك‬
َ
• ِ‫اب ْاالَفْعَ ِال‬ َِ ‫ َض َر‬: ‫ب‬
ِ ُ َ ‫ب =ب‬ ُِ ‫ي َ ْض ِر‬
• Root = ‫ك س ب‬
• Scale = I
• Freq : 62
• Meaning :
to earn
 َِ َ ‫َص‬
‫ب‬
• ِ‫اب ْاالَفْعَ ِال‬ َِ ‫ َض َر‬: ‫ب‬
ِ ُ َ ‫ب =ب‬ ُِ ‫ي َ ْض ِر‬
• Root = ‫ص ب ر‬
• Scale = I
• Freq : 58
• Meaning :
to be patient
 َِ َ‫بَع‬
‫ث‬
• ُِ َ ‫فَت َ َِح =ب‬: ‫ي َ ْفت َ ُِح‬
ِ‫اب ْاالَفْعَ ِال‬
• Root = ‫ب ع ث‬
• Scale = I
• Freq : 52
• Meaning :
to raise, to resurrect, to
send
 ََ ‫َكت‬
ِ‫ب‬
• ُِ َ ‫ن َ َص َِر =ب‬: ‫يَن ْ ُص ُِر‬
ِ‫اب ْاالَفْعَ ِال‬
• Root = ‫ك ت ب‬
• Scale = I
• Freq : 49
• Meaning :
to write, to prescribe, to
ordain
 ‫َشك ََِر‬
• ُِ َ ‫ن َ َص َِر =ب‬: ‫يَن ْ ُص ُِر‬
ِ‫اب ْاالَفْعَ ِال‬
• Root = ‫ش ك ر‬
• Scale = I
• Freq : 46
• Meaning :
to be grateful, to give
thanks
 ‫َش ِه َِد‬
ِ َ : ‫يَس َم ِع‬
ُِ َ ‫ۡس َِع =ب‬
ِ‫اب ْاالَفْعَ ِال‬
• ُ ْ
• Root = ‫ش ه د‬
• Scale = I
• Freq : 44
• Meaning :
to testify, to bear witness
 ِ‫َح َم َل‬
• ِ‫اب ْاالَفْعَ ِال‬ َِ ‫ َض َر‬: ‫ب‬
ِ ُ َ ‫ب =ب‬ ُِ ‫ي َ ْض ِر‬
• Root = ‫ح م ل‬
• Scale = I
• Freq : 41
• Meaning :
to carry, to bear
 Basic Transformations

Quick Reference Slides Set

Special Thanks to (LQ Mississauga)
Br. Zahid Naeem

41
 ِ ‫ ال ِفع ُل ال َم‬to ‫ال ِفع ُل ال ُم َضا ِر ُع‬
Changes in Vowels from ‫اض ُي‬
‫ال ِفع ُل‬ ‫ال ِفع ُل‬ Looking at the examples on the left, notice the changes in the vowel signs
of 1st, 2nd and 3rd radicals from ‫ ال َماضي‬to ‫ضارِع‬
َ ‫ال ُم‬
‫اض ُي ال ُم َضا ِر ُع‬ِ ‫ال َم‬
‫ال ِفع ُل ال ُم َضا ِر ُع‬ ِ ‫ال ِفع ُل ال َم‬
‫اض ُي‬
‫كَـ َت َب َي ْك ُت ُب‬
‫َقـ َت َل َي ْق ُت ُل‬ 3 2 1 3 2 1

ُ ‫ـــب َيــ ْكــــ ُت‬

‫ــــب‬ َ ‫كَــــ َت‬
‫س‬ ِ
ُ ‫س َي ْج‬
‫ل‬ َ ‫َج َل‬ The change in vowel sign for )‫ُس ُكو ٌن (ـ ْـــ‬ )‫َتح ٌة (ـ َـــ‬
َ ‫ف‬ 1
1st and 3rd radical is the same

‫َذ َه َب َي ْذ َه ُب‬ )‫َض َّم ٌة (ــُــ‬ )‫َتح ٌة (ـ َـــ‬

َ ‫ف‬
in all cases
3

)‫َتح ٌة (ـ َـــ‬
َ ‫ف‬ )‫َتح ٌة (ـ َـــ‬
َ ‫ف‬
The change in vowel sign for

‫شَ ر َِب َيشْ َر ُب‬ the 2nd radical is different in

different verbs. According to )‫َض َّم ٌة (ــُــ‬ )‫َض َّم ٌة (ــُــ‬ 2
)‫كَس َر ٌة (ــِــ‬ )‫كَس َر ٌة (ــِــ‬
this change of vowel on the

‫كَـثُـ َر َي ْكـثُـ ُر‬

2nd radical, verbs are
classified into six groups.

42
 ‫ج َّر ُد ‪َ ) of‬باب ‪Six Groups (i.e.‬‬
‫ال ُم َ‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل الثُّ َلاثِ ُّي‬
‫‪Common Names/Abbreviations of the‬‬ ‫َباب‬
‫َفــ َعــ َل ــُـ‬ ‫َباب َن َص َر‬ ‫َي ْنــ ُصــ ُر‬
‫َف ْت ُح َضم‬ ‫َنــ َصــ َر‬
‫‪a-u‬‬

‫َفــ َعــ َل ــِـ‬ ‫َباب َض َر َب‬ ‫َي ْضـ ِر ُب‬

‫ر‬‫َس‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ح‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ف‬ ‫َضــ َر َب‬
‫‪a-i‬‬

‫َفــ َعــ َل ـ َــ‬ ‫َباب َفـ َت َح‬ ‫َي ْفـــ َتــ ُح‬
‫َف ْت َح َت ِان‬ ‫َفـــ َتـ َـح‬
‫‪a-a‬‬

‫َفــ ُعــ َل ــُـ‬ ‫َباب كَـ ُر َم‬ ‫َي ْكـــ ُر ُم‬

‫َض ُّم َضم‬ ‫كَـــ ُر َم‬
‫‪u-u‬‬

‫َفــ ِعــ َل ـ َــ‬ ‫َباب َس ِم َع‬ ‫َي ْســ َمــ ُع‬

‫ح‬ ‫ت‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ر‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َس‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫َســ ِمـ َـع‬
‫‪i-a‬‬

‫ك َْس َر َت ِ‬
‫ان‬
‫‪i-i‬‬ ‫َفــ ِعــ َل ــِـ‬ ‫َباب َح ِس َب‬ ‫ـب‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َي ْحــسـ ُ‬ ‫َحــ ِسـ َ‬
‫ـب‬
 The Verbal Noun – ‫اَل َمص َد ُر‬
 An Arabic verb contains three pieces of 1 The action

He Entered - ‫ل‬
َ ‫َد َخ‬
information
1. The action
2. The actor
2 The actor 3 The time
3. The time (past, present or future)

 The verbal noun (‫ )اَل َمص َد ُر‬is a noun which ‫اَل َمص َد ُر‬
originates from the verb. It contains the action 1 The action
but has no actor or time information.
 Since it is a noun: ٌ ‫ُد ُخو‬
Entry - ‫ل‬
 It declines like a noun
 It gets the tanwin, when it is indefinite The actor The time
 It gets the definite article ‫ال‬, when it is definite
 It is also called the Original, the Infinitive or
the Gerund
 Sometimes there are multiple verbal nouns for
a given verb

44
 ‫اَل َمص َد ُر – ‪More on The Verbal Noun‬‬
‫‪ For three letter verbs, there is no single pattern to create a verbal noun‬‬
‫‪from a verb. Here are some examples‬‬

‫َف ْع ٌل‬ ‫فُ ُعو ٌل‬

‫َف ْت ٌح‬ ‫َفـ َت َح َيف َت ُح‬ ‫وج‬
‫ُخ ُر ٌ‬ ‫َخ َر َج َيخ ُر ُج‬
‫َن ْص ٌر‬ ‫نص ُر‬‫َن َص َر َي ُ‬ ‫نُ ُزو ٌل‬ ‫َنـ َزلَ َيـنزِلُ‬
‫فِ ْع ٌل‬ ‫َف َعا ٌل‬
‫ِعل ٌم‬ ‫َع ِل َم َيع َل ُم‬ ‫َذ َه ٌ‬
‫اب‬ ‫َذ َه َب َيذ َه ُب‬
‫ِح ٌ‬
‫فظ‬ ‫َح ِف َظ َيحف ُ‬
‫َظ‬ ‫اح‬
‫َن َج ٌ‬ ‫نج ُح‬
‫َن َج َح َي َ‬
‫فِ َعا َل ٌة‬ ‫فُ ْع ٌل‬
‫ِد َر َاس ٌة‬ ‫َد َر َس َيد ُر ُس‬ ‫رب‬ ‫شُ ٌ‬ ‫شَ ر َِب َيش َر ُب‬
‫ِع َبا َد ٌة‬ ‫َع َب َد َيع ُب ُد‬ ‫شُ ك ٌر‬ ‫شَ َك َر َيش ُك ُر‬
‫‪45‬‬
 Imperative Verb – ‫فِع ُل اَمر‬

‫فِع ُل اَمر‬ ‫فِع ٌل ُم َضا ِر ٌع‬ ‫فِع ٌل َماض‬

‫اِ ْذ َه ْب‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫َذ َه َب‬
Go He is going / He went
He will go

 Imperative Verb (‫اَمر‬ ‫ )فِع ُل‬signifies a command or a request

 It is derived from ‫ع‬ ٌ ‫فِع ٌل ُم َضا ِر‬
 ‫ فِع ُل اَمر‬is only used for 2nd person (‫)ال ُم َخا َط ُب‬
 To command or request 3rd person or 1st person plural, ‫الاَم ِر‬ ‫ َلا ُم‬is
used. We will learn it later, ‫اللّه‬ ‫اِن شَ اء‬.

46
 How to Construct ‫فِع ُل اَمر‬
1 ٌ ‫ُم َضا ِر‬
Start with the appropriate second person ‫ع‬ ‫فِ ِع ٌل‬ ‫فِع ٌل ُم َضا ِر ٌع‬
1
2 Remove the ‫ضا َر َع ِة‬
َ ‫رف ال ُم‬
ُ ‫َح‬ ْ
‫َتذ َه ُب‬
3 Make the verb ‫ َمج ُزو ٌم‬. Keep in mind the 3 categories ‫ ـ ْــ‬ ‫ َتـ ـ ْذ َهـ ـب‬2
1) 5 easy ones, 2) ‫ن‬with ‫ الافعال الخمسة‬3) ‫مَب ِني‬ 3 ُ
‫رف ال ُم َضا َر َع ِة‬
ُ ‫َح‬
The resulting word cannot be pronounced as it starts
ُ ‫ ُس‬.
with a ‫كو ٌن‬ ْ ‫ْذ َهـ‬
‫ـب‬
4 To overcome this, prefix a ِ‫ َهم َز ُة ال َو َصل‬to the verb. The 4
vowel sign on the ِ‫صل‬ َ ‫ َهم َز ُة ال َو‬is determined based on the ْ ‫ٱِ ْذ َهـ‬
‫ـب‬
vowel sign of the ‫ ع َك ِل َم ٌة‬, as follows.

ِ‫َهم َز ُة ال َو َصل‬ ‫ع َك ِل َم ٌة‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه ْب‬

‫ــِـ‬ ‫ـ َــ‬
‫فِع ُل اَمر‬
‫ــِـ‬ ‫ــِـ‬
‫ــُـ‬ ‫ــُـ‬
47
 ‫فِع ُل اَمر ‪Examples of‬‬

‫فِع ُل اَمر‬ ‫فِع ٌل ُم َضا ِر ٌع‬ ‫فِع ٌل َماض‬

‫َهم َز ُة ال َو َصلِ‬ ‫ع َك ِل َم ٌة‬
‫اِ ْف َت ْح‬ ‫َي ْف َت ُح‬ ‫َف َت َح‬
‫ــِـ‬ ‫ـ َــ‬ ‫اِ ْق َراْ‬ ‫َي ْق َرا‬ ‫َق َراَ‬
‫اِ ْس َم ْع‬ ‫َي ْس َم ُع‬ ‫َس ِم َع‬
‫اِ ْج ِل ْس‬ ‫س‬ ‫َي ْج ِل ُ‬ ‫س‬ ‫َج َل َ‬
‫ــِـ‬ ‫ــِـ‬ ‫اِ ْغ ِس ْل‬ ‫َيغ ِْس ُل‬ ‫َغ َس َل‬
‫اِ ْر ِج ْع‬ ‫َي ْر ِج ُع‬ ‫َر َج َع‬
‫اُ ْك ُت ْب‬ ‫َي ْك ُت ُب‬ ‫َك َت َب‬
‫ــُـ‬ ‫ــُـ‬ ‫اُ ْد ُخ ْل‬ ‫َيد ُْخ ُل‬ ‫َد َخ َل‬
‫اُ ْس ُج ْد‬ ‫َي ْس ُج ُد‬ ‫َس َج َد‬
‫‪48‬‬