A Language can be learned

in three ways
• Script
• Vocabulary
• Grammar
7,117 living languages in the world
According to scriptsource.org there are
only 147 scripts in the world
Palestine-based Arabic language centre, SEBIL
centre, calculations show:
Arabic: 12.3 million words;
English: 600,000 words;
French: 150,000 words;
Russian: 130,000 words.
lexical similarity is a measure of the degree to which the word sets of
two given languages are similar.
 Importance of Arabic grammar

The origin of Arabic is dated back to 1st

When the great expansion of the
millennium BCE
Islamic Empire, with millions of
newly-converted non-native
Arab Grammatical tradition emerged in
speakers wishing to read and
8th century for L2 speakers.
recite the Qurʾan, made the
adoption of a formalised grammar
The schools of grammar emerged in system necessary, tradition
Basra and Kufa. honors
Abu al-Aswad al-Du’ali (rh)
as the father of Arabic grammar
Elements of Arabic language

ْ‫َا م‬
ْ‫الس‬
Noun
ِ
Verb ‫َالف ْْعل‬ْ
ْ
Particle ْ‫َال َح ْْرف‬
‫م‬
 Genders
َ
Masculine ‫َالْ ممذكْ مْر‬

ْ‫َالْ مم َؤنْ م‬
Feminine ‫ث‬
 َ
Masculine ‫َالْ ممذكْ مْر‬

ِ ِ َ
Real Masculine ُْ‫املمذكرْاحلَقْْيق م‬

َ
Unreal Masculine ‫املمذكرْامل َْج ِازي‬
َ
 ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫املمذكرْاحلَقْْيق مُْ ‪Real Masculine‬‬

‫محمدْ‬ ‫الت ِاج مرْ‬ ‫النَ ِ يبْ‬

‫أ َسدْ‬ ‫ممهَ ْن ِدسْ‬ ‫َر مجلْ‬

 ‫َ‬
‫املمذكرْامل َْج ِازي ‪Unreal Masculine‬‬
‫َ‬

‫ال ِك م‬
‫تابْ‬ ‫ال َق َ ملْ‬ ‫اببْ‬

‫القرأ مْن‬ ‫امل َ ْس ِج مدْ‬ ‫مقرْ‬

 ‫ث ‪Feminine‬‬
‫َالْ مم َؤن مْ‬

‫امل م َؤنثْاحل َ ِق ْيِْقُ ‪Real Feminine‬‬

‫امل م َؤنثْامل َ َج ِازي ‪Unreal Feminine‬‬

 ‫امل م َؤنثْاحل َ ِق ْيِْقُ ‪Real Feminine‬‬

‫َمر ميْ‬ ‫فَا ِط َم مةْ‬ ‫َط ِبيْ َبةْ‬

‫مم َم ِرضَ ةْ‬ ‫ََنقَ ْة‬ ‫َزيْن َ مبْ‬

 ‫امل م َؤنثْامل َ َج ِازي ‪Unreal Feminine‬‬

‫الصال مةْ‬ ‫الزاك مةْ‬ ‫اجلَن مةْ‬

‫امل َ ْد َر َس مةْ‬ ‫ال مع َمر مةْ‬ ‫االقا َم مةْ‬

‫ِ‬
 ‫امل م َؤنثْامل َ َج ِازي ‪Unreal Feminine‬‬

‫الصال مةْ‬ ‫الزاك مةْ‬ ‫اجلَن مةْ‬

‫امل َ ْد َر َس مةْ‬ ‫ال مع َمر مةْ‬ ‫االقا َم مةْ‬

‫ِ‬
 Marked Feminine ُْ‫امل م َؤنثْاللْْف ِِظ م‬

at-taa’ al-marbutah, ‫وطة‬

َ ‫التاءْامل َ ْربم‬ ‫ة‬
alif at-ta’niith al-maqsurah ‫ى‬
, ‫َأ ِلفْالتأ ِنيْثْامل َ ْق مص َورة‬
alif at-ta’niith al-mamdudua
, ‫َأ ِلفْالتأ ِنيْثْامل َ ْمدم ْودَة‬ ‫اء‬
 ‫وطة ‪at-taa’ al-marbutah,‬‬
‫التاءْامل َ ْربم َ‬ ‫ة‬

‫َ‬
‫َش َْرةْْْْ‬‫َ‬ ‫َح ِديَْْقةــةْ‬ ‫عَائِ َْشةــ مةْ‬
‫َو َز َارةْ‬ ‫َس ي َْارةْ‬ ‫ََن ِف َذْة‬
 ‫ة ‪Masculine nouns end with‬‬

‫ََح َز مةْ‬ ‫َطلْ َح مةْ‬ ‫مع َبيد مةْ‬

‫مع ْرو مةْ‬ ‫امل َ َالئِ َْك مْة‬ ‫ا ِجلن مةْ‬

‫‪alif at-ta’niith al-maqsurah‬‬ ‫ى‬
‫َأ ِلفْالتأ ِنيْثْامل َ ْق مص َورة ‪,‬‬

‫َج ْو َعــى‬ ‫َ‬

‫ْ ــى‬‫ل‬ ‫س‬ ‫َ‬
‫ك‬ ‫َع ْط َْشــى‬
 ‫‪alif at-ta’niith al-mamdudua,‬‬
‫َأ ِلفْْالتأ ِنيْثْامل َ ْم مد ْو َدة‬ ‫اء‬

‫َ َْح َراء‬ ‫َ‬

‫َح ْولـاء‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َص َراء‬‫َ‬
 ‫يَْج َعْ َم ااال َْوْعَد َد مهْ(‪)2‬‬ ‫ك م َُه َز ٍةْلم َم َزٍْة (‪ِ )1‬اَّل َ َ‬ ‫َويْلْ ِل م ِْ‬
‫َ َْي َس مبْ َأنْ َم َ ماَلْ َأ ْخ َ ََل مهْ(‪ََ )3‬لَكْلَ مين ْ َب َذنْ ِِفْالْ مح َط َم ْةِ‬
‫ْاَلْالْ مموْقَدَ مْة (‪)6‬‬
‫(‪َ )4‬و َماْ َأ ْد َر َاكْ َماْالْ مح َط َم مةْ(‪ََ )5‬ن مْر ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ال ِِتْتَط ِل معْعَ ََلْاْلفئدَْْة (‪ )7‬اَّنَاْعَل ِْي ْمْ مم ْؤ َْصدَ ةْ (‪ِ )8‬فْْْ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ ََع ٍدْ مم َمد َدٍْة (‪)9‬‬
‫ونْ‬ ‫م‬
‫ك‬
‫َْ َ َ م‬‫ي‬‫ْ‬‫م‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ة‬‫م‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ع‬‫ار‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ق‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫اْ‬ ‫م‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اك‬
‫َ‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫أ‬ ‫اْ‬ ‫م‬
‫َ‬ ‫و‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫ْ‬‫ة‬‫م‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ع‬‫ار‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ق‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫اْ‬ ‫م‬
‫َ‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫م‬
‫ْ‬
‫ة‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ع‬‫ار‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ق‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ال‬
‫ونْالْ ِج َب مال َْاكلِْْعه ِْنْالْ َم ْن مف ِوشْ‬ ‫َ م‬‫م‬
‫ك‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪4‬‬‫(‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫موث‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْا‬ ‫اش‬ ‫ِ‬
‫الن ماس َْاكل َ َ ْ‬
‫م‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫َ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ْ‬
‫(‪ )5‬فَأَماْ َم ْنْثَ مقلَ ْتْ َم َو ِازي من مهْ(‪ )6‬فَه َمو ِِْفْ ِعي َش ٍْة َرا ِْض َي ٍْة (‪َ )7‬و َأماْ‬
‫َم ْنْخَف ْتْ َم َو ِازي من مهْ(‪ )8‬فَأُ يم مهْ َْها ِويَةْ (‪َ )9‬و َماْ َأ ْد َر َاكْ َماْ ِه َي ْْه (‪)10‬‬
‫ََْنرْ َحا ِم َيةْ (‪)11‬‬