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    Meghalaya is a state in Northeast India known as the "abode of clouds". It has a population of over 3 million and was formed in 1972 when it separated from Assam. Meghalaya has a unique culture with matrilineal societies and is very forested and biodiverse, containing important habitats. The state's economy depends heavily on agriculture but it is hilly with heavy rainfall, making farming challenging.

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    Meghalaya is a state in Northeast India known as the "abode of clouds". It has a population of over 3 million and was formed in 1972 when it separated from Assam. Meghalaya has a unique culture with matrilineal societies and is very forested and biodiverse, containing important habitats. The state's economy depends heavily on agriculture but it is hilly with heavy rainfall, making farming challenging.

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    12 views3 pages

    Meghalaya

    Uploaded by

    msatija2007
    Meghalaya is a state in Northeast India known as the "abode of clouds". It has a population of over 3 million and was formed in 1972 when it separated from Assam. Meghalaya has a unique culture with matrilineal societies and is very forested and biodiverse, containing important habitats. The state's economy depends heavily on agriculture but it is hilly with heavy rainfall, making farming challenging.

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    <html>

    <head>
    <title> MEGHALAYA </title>
    </head>
    <body bgcolor= "white" text="black">
    <A name="G">
    <A name="G1">
    <A name="G2">
    <font face="elephant">
    <h1 align="center"> <b> MEGHALAYA </b> </h1>
    <center>
    <img src="mani.jpg" height="20%" width="20%" border="3"> </center>
    <p>Meghalaya is a state in North-East India which literally means home of clouds .
    According to 2016, the population here is 32,11,474 and the area is spread over an
    area of 220 square kilometers, whose length to width ratio is approximately 3:1.
    The southern end of the state is bordered by the Bangladeshi divisions of
    Mymensingh and Sylhet , on the western side Rangpur is surrounded by the
    Bangladeshi part and on the north and eastern side by the Indian state of Assam .
    The capital of the state is Shillong . During the British rule in India , it was
    called the " Scotland of the East" by the then British imperial officials .
    Meghalaya was earlier a part of Assam state, on 21 January 1972, the new state of
    Meghalaya was brought into existence by cutting out the Khasi , Garo and Jaintia
    hill districts of Assam. The official language here is English . Apart from this,
    other mainly spoken languages include Khasi , Garo , Pnar , Biat , Hajong and
    Bengali . Apart from these, Hindi is also considered a dialect here whose speakers
    are mainly found in Shillong. Unlike other states of India , the matrilineal system
    operates here, in which the lineage runs in the name of the mother (woman) and the
    youngest daughter takes care of her parents and inherits all their property. </p>

    <P>More than 70% of the state is forested, of which 9,496 km ( 3,666 sq mi) is
    dense primary subtropical forest. [6] The Meghalayan forests are one of the richest
    plant habitats in Asia. These forests receive abundant rainfall and are blessed
    with abundant flora and fauna with their diversity. A small part of the forests of
    Meghalaya is known as the Sacred Groves of India. There are small areas of ancient
    forests that have been protected by communities for hundreds of years due to
    religious and cultural beliefs. These forest areas are reserved for religious
    activities and are kept safe from any kind of exploitation. These sacred groves are
    home to many rare plants and animals. The Nokrek Biosphere Reserve in the West Garo
    Hills and the Balphakaram National Park in the South Garo Hills are among the most
    biodiverse sites in Meghalaya. Meghalaya has three wildlife sanctuaries:
    Nongkhailem , Siju Sanctuary and Baghmara Sanctuary , where the insectivorous
    Ghataparni ( pitcher plant ) Nepenthes khasiana plant is found, which is called "
    Me'mang Koksi " in the local language..</p>
    <h2> Content List :- </h2>
    <ul type="square">
    <li> <A href="#H"> HISTORY OF MEGHALAYA </A> </li>
    <li> <A href="#I"> IMPORTANCE OF MEGHALAYA </A> </li>
    <li> <A href="#F"> FACTS ABOUT MEGHALAYA </A> </li>
    <A name="H">
    <h1> <b> HISTORY OF MEGHALAYA </b> </h1>
    <P>The literal meaning of the word Meghalaya [7] is: the abode or home of the
    clouds . [8] It is derived from Sanskrit origin. The term was coined by Dr. S. P.
    Chatterjee, Professor Emeritus of the Department of Geography at the University of
    Calcutta . [9] There was initially a lot of opposition to this name because, like
    other North-Eastern states whose names were related to their inhabitants, such as
    Mizoram : Mizo tribe, Nagaland : Naga people, Assam : Assam or Ahom people. Is; But
    the names of the local Garo, Khasi or Jaintia tribes are not related to the word
    Meghalaya. But with time it was adopted.</P>
    <p>Along with its other neighboring north-eastern Indian states, Meghalaya has also
    been a center of archaeological interest. People have been living here since the
    Neolithic era . The Neolithic sites discovered so far have mostly been found at
    high places, like the Khasi and Garo mountains here and also in the neighboring
    states. The Neolithic shifting agriculture style is still in practice here . The
    highland plateau here along with mineral rich soil helps in preventing floods even
    when there is abundant rainfall. [11] Meghalaya's importance in human history is
    linked to the domestic commercialization of the rice crop. Among the competing
    theories on the origin of rice, Ion Glover's theory states, "India is home to the
    greatest diversity of domesticated rice, with over 20,000 identified species, and
    Northeast India is the single most favorable region of domesticated rice origin. "
    [12] Limited archaeological research conducted in the hills of Meghalaya suggests
    that humans have been living here since ancient times. India is home to the
    greatest diversity of domesticated rice with over 20,000 identified species and the
    North-Eastern region is the single most favorable region for domesticated rice
    production.</P>
    <p>Meghalaya was formed on January 21, 1972 by separating two large districts of
    Assam state, United Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills from Assam. It was given semi-
    autonomous status in 1970 before being given full statehood.

    Before coming under the British rule in the 19th century, the Garo, Khasi and
    Jaintia tribes had their own states. Later, in 1935, the British made the then
    Meghalaya under Assam. </p>
    <A href="#G"> <b> Go Up </b> </A>
    <A name="I">
    <h1> <b> IMPORTANCE OF MEGHALAYA </b> </h1>
    <p>Meghalaya is one of the seven sister states of North-East India . It is a
    mountainous state consisting of valleys and plateaus and areas of highlands.
    Geological resources are also available in abundance here. There are mainly Archean
    stone formations here. These stone ranges contain reserves of valuable minerals
    like coal , limestone , uranium and sillimanite .
    Meghalaya also has many rivers, most of which are rain-dependent and seasonal. </P>
    <ul type=disk> <li>Some of the important rivers of the Garo hill region are: Ganol,
    Daring, Sanda, Badra, Dareng, Simsang, Nitai and Bhupai. </li>
    <li>In the eastern (Jaintia) and central parts (Khasi) of the plateau there are
    rivers Khri, Digaru, Umiam , Kinshi (Magic), Maopa, Umngot and Mindtu.
    In the South Khasi mountain region, these rivers have created deep gorge-like
    valleys and numerous natural waterfalls. </li> </ul>
    <P>The altitude of the plateau region ranges from 150 m (490 ft) to 1,961 m (6,434
    ft). In the central part of the plateau, there are parts of the Khasi mountain
    range whose height is maximum. After this, the eastern part with Jaintia mountain
    range comes in second place. The highest point in Meghalaya is Shillong Peak, where
    the Big Air Force Station is located. It is part of the Khasi Mountains and from
    here a beautiful and panoramic view of Shillong city is visible. Shillong Peak has
    an elevation of 1,961 m (6,434 ft). The western part of the plateau lies in the
    Garo Mountains and is mostly flat. The highest peak of the Garo Range is Nokrek
    Peak at 1,515 m (4,970 ft). </p>
    <p> Meghalaya is the wettest place on Earth, with an annual average rainfall of
    12,000 mm (470 in) in some areas. [15] The western part of the plateau, which
    includes the lower parts of the Garo Mountains, remains in high temperatures
    throughout the year. Shillong and nearby areas with higher altitudes usually have
    low temperatures. The maximum temperature of this region rarely reaches 28 °C. (82
    °F), [16] while winter sub-zero temperatures are common here.The town of Sohra
    ( Cherrapunji ) in the Khasi Mountains, south of the capital Shillong , holds the
    record for the highest rainfall in a calendar month, while the nearby village of
    Mawsynram holds the record for the world's highest rainfall in a year. [17]</p>
    <A href="#G1"> <b> Go Up </b> </A>
    <A name="F">
    <h1> <B> FACTS ABOUT MEGHALAYA</B> </h1>
    <p>Meghalaya is basically an agricultural state whose 80% population is completely
    dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. About 10% of the total geographical
    area of Meghalaya is used for agriculture. Agriculture in the state is often
    practiced in the absence or very limited use of modern technologies, resulting in
    low production and low productivity. Therefore, due to these reasons, despite most
    of the population engaged in agriculture, the contribution of agricultural
    production in the gross domestic product of the state is less, and most of the
    population engaged in agriculture remains poor. A part of the cultivated area is
    under traditional shifting cultivation, which is called Jhum cultivation in the
    local language. Meghalaya produced 2,30,000 tonnes of food grains in the year 2001.
    Paddy is the main food grain crop here, which is responsible for 80% of the total
    food grain production of the state. Apart from this, other important food grains
    like maize , wheat and some other grains and pulses are also grown. Apart from
    these , potato , ginger , turmeric , black pepper, betel nut , bay leaf , betel
    leaf , short staple yarn, flax, mesta, mustard and canola are also produced here.
    Apart from staple food crops like paddy and maize, Meghalaya also contributes to
    the production of orchard crops like oranges, lemons , pineapples , guavas ,
    litchis , bananas , jackfruits and many fruits like peaches , plums and pears
    </p>
    <p>Cereal and staple food production occupies 60% of the total agricultural land
    here. There was a significant improvement in food grain production due to the
    introduction of high-yielding crop varieties in the mid-1970s. A major success was
    achieved with the use of high yielding varieties of paddy like Masoori, Pankaj, IR-
    8, RCPL [45] and a series of other improved varieties – especially IR-36 which is
    suitable for Rabi season, after which in the year Three crops had begun to be sown.

    The Indian Council of Agricultural Research had again achieved great success by
    developing cold tolerant varieties of paddy like Megha-1 and Megha-2 and using them
    here. These varieties were developed by the Council's North-Eastern Regional Center
    at Umroi near Shillong in 1991-92 for high altitude areas, where till then there
    were no high-yielding varieties. Today the state can claim that about 42% of the
    total area under paddy production is planted with high yielding varieties and their
    average productivity is 2,300 kg/ha (2,100 lb/acre). Similar was the case for maize
    and paddy production, where the production due to the use of HYV increased from 534
    kg/ha (476 lb/acre) to 1,218 kg/ha (1,087 lb/acre) in 1971–72. ) corn and wheat
    from 611 kg/ha (545 lb/acre) to 1,490 kg/ha (1,330 lb/acre). </p>
    <A href="#G2"> <b> Go Up </b> </A>
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