ME 301 MECHANICS OF MACHINERY

L7. Straight line motion mechanisms

 Overview
Straight line motion mechanisms

" Exact and Approximate straight line motion mechanisms

Paucellier mechanism
Hart mechanism
" Watt mechanism

ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery 2

 Straight line motion mechanism
Straight line motion mechanisms are mechanisms, having a point that
moves along a straight line, or nearly along a straight line.

Classifications:

- Exact straight line mechanism

- Approximate straight line mechanisms

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgwEptukl6Q
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ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery
 Paucellier mechanism

A
P

A Paucellier machanism consists of eight links such that,

OA=00: AB=AC and BP=PC-CQ-QB.
OA is the fixed link and OQ is rotating link.

All joints are pin jointed.

As 0Q rotates, the point P moves in a straight line perpendicular to OA.

ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery

 Since BPCO is a rhombus,
OP always bisects the angle BQC.
i.e.
2122
in all the positions
Also, in As AQC and AQB,
AQ is common,
AC = AB
0C QB
As are congruent in all positions.
/1= /4
Adding (i) and (i),
21+ 23- 22+4
But 21 + 22+ 23+ 24= 3600
21+23- 22 +24- 180º
or A, O and P lie on a straight line.
Let PP be the perpendicular on 40 produced. 90°
AQO- APP
As A00 and APP are similar because 25 is common and

AP' AP
or AP.AP- (A0)(AP)
- (AR-RO) (AR + RP) .. (RP RO)
- (AR-RO) (AR + RO)
- (AR- (RQY
-[(AG?- (CR)) -((CQ-(CR)
AP'- (AC) -(CQ)
AQ'
constant, as AC, C and A0' are always fixed 5
ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery
 Hart mechanism

Hart mechanism consist of six links,

AB=CD, AD=BC and OE=0Q
OE is the fixed link and OQ is the rotating link. ABCD are arranged such that it
forms a trapezium
Pins E and Q on the links AB and AD where as P is a point on CB such that,
AE AQ CP
AB AD CB

ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery

 In A4RD AE
..AD
Therefore, EO is parallel to BD and thus parallel o 4C. AE AQ CP
In ABC AB AD
Therefore, EP is parallel to 4C and thus parallel o BD.
Now, EQ and EP are both parallel to AC and BD and have a pointE in common: therefore, EOP isa
straight line
As AEO and ABD are similar(: EO BD)
AE
EQ- B
As BEP and BAC are similar (: EP||AC)
RE BE
ACBA
An EOO und EPP are similar, because ZQEC o LPEP is common and ZEÌâ - LQrP- 90

or

or
AD4Cx - [frorn (ii) and (iü))
AE x BE
EP
(EQ')AB) -(aD)(AC)
AEx RE

(EQ'AB -[(BF +FD)(BF - FD)

AE x BE
(EQ'AB) -[ur-vD']
AE x BE
(EQ'XAB) -[ac -(cri-(cD) -(CF`))
AE x BE
(EQ'XAB -[uc-(co ]
constant, as all the pararmeters are fixed.
Thus, EPis always constant. Therefore, the projection of Pon EO producod is always the same point or
Pmoves in a straight line perpendicular to EO.
ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery 7
 Watt mechanism

Watt mechanism has four links OQ, OA, QB and AB. OQ is the fixed link.
Link OA and QB can oscillate about centres O and Q.

If P is a point on the link AB such that PA/PB =QB/OA, then for small oscillation
of OA and QB, P will trace an approximately straight line.

ME 301 Mechanics of Machinery