1. The purpose of classroom action research has several purposes.

First, it aims to
understand whether teachers are mastering the knowledge and skills necessary to conduct
classroom action research through two courses, Classroom Action Research (CAR) and
Enhancing Teaching Professional Skills. It’s also to improve performance, and improve
classroom learning outcomes that are contextual and qualitative in nature although the
data in the classroom action research process can be quantitative.

An example of problems that comes from the students and the teaching learning process,
such as many students often did or said things that constrained the process of teaching
and learning. This made it difficult for the student-teachers to realize their teaching plans.
For example, when a student-teacher was giving explanation, some students did not pay
attention. They even made noise and disturbed their friends.

2. Survey refers to a technique of gathering information regarding a variable under study,

from the respondents of the population. Experiment implies a scientific procedure where
in the factor under study is isolated to test hypothesis. Meanwhile, Stimulated recall is a
type of introspective research methodology differing from think aloud in that it involves
the verbalisation of cognition retrospectively rather than concurrently. It is a method
used to elicit qualitative data relating to the thought processes associated with
performing an action or participating in an event. To assist recall of these thought
processes, a stimulus is used, such as a video recording of the activity. In particular, it
attempts to identify mismatches between the intended referential meaning of speakers
and the interpretations of addressees. While Interaction analysis is able to be applied for
classroom observation. It is helpful in developing interactive language teaching since it
gives the researcher a taxonomy for observing teachers, set a framework for evaluating
and improving the teaching, and helps to set a learning climate for interactive teaching.
This interaction analysis has two categories to be analyzed, namely teacher talk and
student talk.

3. Types of instrument that can be used in:

a. Action research : a preliminary diagnosis, data gathering, feedback of results,
and joint action planning.
b. Classroom research : research, action, participation
c. Case study : test, questionnaire, interview, or even observation