NAME – ARYYAKA SARKAR

COURSE – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

SUBJECT CODE – SE104
SUBJECT NAME – SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION
SEMESTER – 1ST
ROLL NUMBER - 16011723001
TOPIC NAME – ELASTIC ANALYSIS OF PILE
COURSE INSTRUCTOR - Dr. NAVEEN B.P, PROFESSOR, NITTTR
ELASTIC ANALYSIS OF PILE

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Basic Analysis for Single Floating Pile
P
What is a pile?

d
The pile is considered to be a
cylinder, of length L, shaft diameter L Soil modulus = ES
d, and base diameter db, and loaded Poisson’s ratio µs
with an axial force P at the ground h Pile Elasic modulus of pile
surface in a elastic half-space. = EP
db

RIGID STRATUM 2
Basic Analysis for Single Floating Pile P

For the purposes of the analysis, the following

assumptions are made:
 The pile is acted upon by a system of uniform vertical
shear stresses p around the periphery
 The base is acted upon by a uniform vertical stress pb
EP ES, µs
 The sides of the pile are assumed to be rough.
p
 The soil is initially considered to be an ideal
homogeneous isotropic elastic half-space, having
Pb
elastic parameters Es and s
 The soil parameters are not influenced by the
presence of the pile.
d
 Unless otherwise stated, db will be taken to be equal
to d.
Stresses on pi3l e
 Basic Analysis for Single Floating Pile
P
 In most of the elastic based analyses, the pile is divided
into a number of uniformly loaded elements,
 A solution is obtained by imposing compatibility between
the displacements of the pile and the adjacent soil for each
element of the pile.
 The displacements of the pile are obtained by
p
considering the compressibility of the pile under axial
loading.
 The soil displacements are obtained in most cases by
using Mindlin’s equations for the displacements within a
soil mass caused by loading within the mass.
Pb

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 Basic Analysis for Single Floating Pile
Stress at point A, caused by a point load
P on surface [As per Boussinesq (1885)]

x
r

A (x,y,z)
z
ΔP
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Basic Analysis for Single Floating Pile
P
Stress at point A, caused
Ground Surface by a point in the interior of
a semi infinite soild [As per
Mindlin (1936)]

x
r
P pn

A (x,y,z)
z Pb
ΔP 6
 Basic Analysis for Single Floating Pile

 It is assumed, that the pile and soil are initially stress-free

 If conditions at the pile soil interface remain elastic and no slip occurs,
which implies that
 The movements of the pile and the adjacent soil must be equal.
 The shear stresses (p) are fictitious in that they represent tractions applied
to the boundaries of the imaginary surface in the half space representing
the pile surface, and are not necessarily the actual stresses acting on the
real-pile surfaces.

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 Basic Analysis for Single Floating Pile
d P


pi 

+ .
p
Pile element
Once the values of p are determined, the actual
stresses and displacements they produce anywhere
in the half space, including the real pile boundaries,
may be calculated
Pb
Base stress p b will be those that satisfy this
Stresses in pile
condition of displacement compatibility.
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 Basic Analysis for Single Floating Pile
P
In order to obtain a solution for the values of p, pb and the
displacement of the pile, it is necessary to obtain
expressions for
 The vertical displacement of the pile and the soil at each
element in terms of the unknown stresses on the pile, p
 Impose the compatibility condition, and
 Solve the resulting equations

Pb
Stresses in pile
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 Pile Displacement Equations
Area Ratio

The pile material is assumed to have a constant Young’s modulus Ep and

area of pile section Ap.
Ap
It is convenient to define the area ratio, R A, as RA 
πd 2 / 4
RA = ratio of area of pile section Ap to area bounded by outer
circumference of pile

For a solid pile, RA = 1.

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Pile stiffness factor

In calculating the displacement of the pile elements, only the axial

compression of the pile is considered.
EpRA
Pile stiffness factor is defined as K
Es

K is a measure of the relative compressibility of the pile and the soil.

The more relatively compressible the pile, the smaller is the value of K.

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Pile Resting on a Stiffer Stratum Pile Displacement Equations

 Many piles are installed such that the tip bears on to a stratum that is
stiffer than the soil along the shaft of the pile
 Such piles are often designated as “end-bearing” or “point-bearing”,
 The results of several analyses and field and laboratory measurements
have shown that a significant proportion of the load may be transferred
from the pile shaft to the surrounding soil

 To analyze the behaviour of such piles, the analysis described in the

preceding section, for a floating pile, must be modified to allow for the
effect of the stiffer bearing stratum.

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Thank You

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