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    18 views5 pages

    Ch-3 Quick Glance

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    CHAPTER EE AN Chemical Kinetics separe in CUET Examinations. Note: Ample number of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) will help you prepa CHAPTER AT A GLANCE. ANN EE (RATE OF A REACTION - —— ¥ = ax eh Fate of disappearance (raw otappeanceotpoaucs +21 average ate = (57) reas ——— (Ge See 2 =G-0) cae ———— [ase 2023} (FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF REACTION | tease 2023) i 4 - Lz ¥ 7 7 t ¢ Nature of reactants CConcervaionofreactans Surfaceaeacfreactans_ Physicalstate | Catalyst) Temperate rate [Reactviy) fate (cone. of reactants) rate = surface area o> i>4 dents ese = Blo= 8) cc S~S*« Ct = BHI forza ter = 2303jog lator order aes Tae HS) Moleciaty Rate constant) Bimolclar Hy + Cl, -» 2H (order = zero) Fate constant ees Bee (oe Y + Increases with inreasein temperature Theoretical No effect of concentration and catalyst > Hattie (ty) = inal) as, ee ss a ~ieRaaaTG it depend on or a eacon Eat aap has vn Cy tia cone Rate (molL-'s~!) x | Collision frequency (2) Pseudo first oder Second —> ‘thy = iifly fuente?) (cotonteiee { . (Acidic hydrolysis of ester) L mor's-t | k= "Pt Ae eaAT ~ Ezra) nd a 6, rac ' CE or Siew stp rate = Kt)! Tied ee Corconpcin) =~ = = TH GY (AL aR Snr: Rate of reaction 2HIG) > Halo) + 160) {Bla for zero o ty = Ble torzero order Chemical Kinetics 89 First order reaction 0693 typ = 2088 ath) 4) _ a, oe a a Ge 1.386, Rate taw nk rate = KAM By" = 9.9165, x + yis order of reaction fern e T ton = 2D 3:30 + Lower haber ate i + Rate becomes double for every 10" sein temperature = z fom Tp oe + Slowest step has highest E, —e BHeO, > 2H,0 + Op tale = H1H03 1 6909 «5 + etvaied complex has highest energy SSD tae. ~~] ~ Fes SSS es CConcenation Ink Stops = 172.903 log (RR) Ti Tine (Zero order reaction) #: Time — Most probable netic energy Fraction of oles Ogee) Tt) 1, Rate of reaetion: 2HI(g) —> H, +1, oat] _, tty) |, lta) 2 a dt at where d[H), d{Hz] and df{l;] are the change in the concentration of HI, H and I; dis time interval Negative sign means rate of disappearance of reactants and +ve sign means rate of appearance of products, Winote eneray—> Rate of Reaction, Factors Affecting Rate, Rate Expression and Rate Constant, Order and Molecularity of Reaction Kine eneray —> 2. Rate law: Itrelates the rate of chemical reaction with, concentration of reactants, de aya or 7 HAT BP where & = rate of reaction, x and y are concentrations a y of reactants, ‘4 and *B" respectively, k rate constant. Factors Affecting Rate of a Reaetion: (CBSE 2022], ‘+ Lower the activation energy, higher will be the rate of reaction. x 90 Fageeter with® Chemistry—12 * Greater the concentration of reactant, faster is the rate of reaction, * Rate becomes almost double for every 10° rise in temperature, © Greater the surface area of reactants, faster will be the rate of reaction. * Higher the temperature, higher will be the rate of reaction, [CBSE 2023, 22] © The Slowest step has higher activation energy. Molecularity is the number of atoms, ions or molecules which collide to form the product of reaction €.g. H, + Cl, —+ 2HCI is bimolecular. [AI 20161 Order of reaetion: Its the sum of powers to which the concentration terms are raised in the rate law. Order of a reaction can be 0, 1, 2, 3, and even a fraction. Rate law for zero order & = way er dt isan wt, 2HCI eg. H+ Ch Tigi”? heat_, 1, (@) + 3H,(@) [Dethi 2015 ICBSE 2023; A1 2016) 2NH3 ~ catalyst Rate law for Ist order rea eu A+B C+D, a y For example, 7 2H,0, —> 2H,O +0, rate = k [H,0,] 1 N,O, —> 2NO, + 70, tate = K [N03] C,H,Cl —> C,H, + HCl, rate = k [C,H,Cl] rate = k [SO,CI,} $0,Cl —> SO, + Cly, 94 Fagecher exch? Chemistry—12 TOPICS COVERED : Integrated Rate Equations, Zero order, First order, Half life ) 1. Integrated rate law for zero order react ee frsn = 340 = H(A) use 2023.22) tos “Man where [R], is initial concentration, [R] is final foes = Fi concentration after time t 3. Halftife: It isthe time in which 50% of the reaction is complete. typ ~ le | tor zero order. 2 Attn [4] = (ly? where kis the rate constant. f= 2203 jog [la _ 2303555 2. Integrated rate law for first order: [Dethi2017(C)] tn [Aly ha 2.303 {R), 2.303 0.693 k= 2303 jog lo 2383, o3010= 7 RR Ps fa typ ~ 2923 or frst order reaction. 0.693 & [CBSE 2022) nn fa = 2h ‘It shows that half-life of a first order reaction is independent of initial concentration. For a zero order reaction half-life(t,) is directly proportional to the —- initial concentration of the reactants and inversely Lise, = tal proportional to the rate constant. foo ~ 2 4| to9.94 = Why Order | Integrated rate equation Half ite wale 0 a= [RJy- (RJ) [CBSE 2023} [R]y/2k [CBSE 2023] ‘mol Ls 2303, [Ro A k= 2303 jog (lo ; 5 1 3 toe Rt 0.693 2 w= zl Lot! 1 [AY Ro KURlo |IDoF; Pre-Board 2022; CBSE 2023) 3 fae 3_ Lmor? (RY LRIG 2k IRI jl Ff mt Lmol™ a [one pea here nis order of tection | {R]e A(n =) [Ro] 4. General expression for the time taken for nth fraction of reaction of Ist order reaction tun = 238 tog 2, Amount asa eh ae navn = le Ogee si Arrhe! 1. Arrhenius equation: k= de WF] where is egueney fist, the enengy of ata Ris gas constant and Ts abeolte temeortng 3 te sv Gm 0 Caer ; °F” gives the fraction of molecules having en equal to or greater than E,. er Ink =ina—£e, ar nk ~ 4-2 RT; E, Inky =n a ~ 2a. E, Inky-Ink, =e kolnky = Fe walt = Be % 2303R\ Ti where k, and ky are the rate constants at temperature T, and Ty, ‘i If-we plot a graph between 1 vs log & we get a straight line. 7 TE =23038 2. Maxwell Boltzmann Distribution Curve: All molecules of reactants do not have same kine energy. The number of molecules possessing very low kinetic energy are very less and very high ki ‘energy are also very less. Most of the molecules have average kinetic energy. If we plot kinetic energy vs fraction of molecules [Slope of the line = ‘we get a curve shown in figure where Chemical Kinetics. 99 is Equation, Temperature Dependence of Rate of Reaction, Effect of Catalyst, Activation Energy, Coll of Chemical Reaction ion Theory Ng:is number of molecules with energy ‘Band Wis ‘The peak of the curve represents most probable kinetic ‘energy. It is kinetic energy possessed by maximum number of molecules. Most probable Kinetic eneray —> Distribution curve showing energies among gaseous molecules When temperature is increased, the maximas of the curve moves to higher energy value and the curve broadens as kinetic energy is directly proportional to absolute temperature and number of molecules possessing higher energies increases. ‘The area under the curve must be constant since total probability must be 100%, Ze., one a all times. We ean

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