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i. CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK
L15T TAIWAN (FORMOSA)
1944 Tukuo Province
OPNAV 13-22

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS

NAVY DEPARTMENT

1 OCTOBER 1944
TJS
245.
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CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK

TAIWAN (FORMOSA)
Tukuo Province
OPNAV 13-22

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS

NAVY DEPARTMENT

1 OCTOBER 1944
RESTRICTED

<

NAVAL CIVIL AFFAIRS PUBLICATIONS

1. There will be issued from time to time several types of civil affairs publi
cations for the guidance and assistance of naval personnel in carrying out
their responsibilities in occupied Areas. These publications will be princi
pally Handbooks, Guides, and Manuals.
2. Civil Affairs Handbooks are factual studies of general information per
taining to civil affairs in specific areas.
*

3. Civil Affairs Guides are studies of anticipated civil affairs problems. In no

sense is a Guide, as such, to be taken as an order or a statement of official
policy. Such orders and statements of policy will be issued in the normal
manner.

4. Civil Affairs Manuals establish basic principles, procedures, and methods

of dealing with civil affairs for naval personnel. The broadest of these is the
Army-Navy Manual of Military Government and Civil Affairs, (FM27-5,
OPNAV 50E-3).

5. Civil Affairs Studies will include special studies on military government

and civil affairs techniques of other powers, and other material as found useful.

Reproduction of this material in any form is not authorized except by specific

approval of the Secretary of the Navy.

ii
Documents
Expeditef RESTRICTED

Elly '48

LETTER OF PROMUL.GATION

Office of the Chief of Naval Operations,

Navy Department,

Washington 25, D. C.
1 October 1944

CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK

Taiwan (Formosa)
Takao Province

OPNAV 13-22

1. OPNAV 13-22 is a non-registered RESTRICTED publication. It is

intended to provide useful information for civil affairs officers, but the material
contained herein may be of value to other officers and for other purposes.
2. This publication is to be used and stowed in accordance with the pro
visions of U. S. Navy Regulations, Articles 75, 75% and 76.
- -

Vice Admiral, U. S. Navy

Vice Chief of Naval Operations.

iii
 TAIWAN

TAKAO PROVINCE

o TAICHU

TAICHU PROVINCE

FIGURE 1.--Taiwan, Takao Province

 Documents
Expediter
QAY 1 1'48
PREFACE
This handbook is intended to be a catalog of facts
about Takao Province that will be useful to civil affairs
officers. In addition to specific data, some general infor
mation is given to supplement that appearing in OPNAV
50E-12, Restricted, Civil Affairs Handbook, Taiwan
(Formosa) and OPNAV 50E-13, Restricted, Civil Affairs
Handbook, Taiwan (Formosa)—Economic Supplement.
Most of the information has been derived from
Japanese sources, but there are difficulties with these
sources—particularly the difficulty of achieving consist
ency in figures—which make it inevitable that the data
in this volume are not complete or infallible. Further
information will be available at a later date since addi
tional Japanese material is in process of translation.
Because most of the inhabited places in Taiwan have
more than one name, an alphabetical list of place names
with many variants, has been included. Among the rea
sons for the plurality of names are the following:
1. The Japanese and Chinese use the same written
characters but pronounce them differently.
2. The Chinese pronunciation varies according to the
Chinese dialect.
3. The Japanese have two or more pronunciations for
many characters but no fixed rule governing their
use.
4. There is more than one way employed to render
into English (Roman) letters the two Japanese
versions and the Chinese dialect versions.
In this Handbook the place names have been transliter
ated in accordance with Japanese pronunciation. The
older and generally accepted Hepburn system of trans
literating Japanese terms is most frequently found on
maps and in books about Taiwan and has been employed
in this document instead of the newer and less conven
ient Nihonshiki style. It should be recognized, however,
that in Taiwan the Chinese pronunciations will be most
widely used, since most of the inhabitants speak either
the Amoy or Hakka dialects of the Chinese.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Letter of Promulgation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Industrial, commercial, and financial firms. . 25
Administrative Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
a. Corporate organization . . . . . . . . 25
PART I b. Monopoly bureau offices . . . . . . . . 25
2. Large multi-functional firms . . . . . . . . 25
PROVINCIAL DATA
3. Firms not otherwise listed . . . . . . . . . . 25
I. Geography and land use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Automobiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2. Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Banks and investment companies. . . . 28
3. Climate 7. Beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4. Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Brick and tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5. Land use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
II. Agriculture 10. Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Electric power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2. Government agencies dealing with 12. Exporters, importers, and commission
agriculture agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3. Farm population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 13. Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4. Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. Fertilizer companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5. “Common” and “special” agricultural 15. Fruits and vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. Ice and cold storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6. Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. Metals, machinery, engineering. . . . . . 35
7. Other products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 18. Mining, petroleum, coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
. Coffee 10 19. Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
. Sisal and derris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 20. Rice and cereals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
. Castor beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 21. Sugar and alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

8.
i . Quinine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Perilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bananas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Pineapples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
10
10
10.
11
VI.
22. Theaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23. Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24. Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
39
41
46
46
10. Other fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2. The Takao News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46

11. Crop damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 VII. Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47

12. Livestock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

13. Japanese agricultural villages . . . . . . . 13 2. Associations in the Japanese Empire.. 47

III. Marine products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3. Agricultural associations . . . . . . . . . . . 48
1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 a. Nokai and Chikusan-kai . . . . . . . 48
2.Fishing industry at Takao City . . . . .. 16 b. Rice associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

a. Extent of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16 c. Other agricultural associations. . 48

b. Fishing season . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16 4. Credit and consumers cooperatives. . 49
c. Fishing boats and crews. . . . . . .. 16 5. The hoko and soteidan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

IV. Transportation 18 a. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

1. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 b. Number of hoko and soteidan. . . 49
2. Railroads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 c. Duties of the hoko and soteidan. . 49
a. General statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 VIII. Provincial, city, and gun agencies and
b. Government lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

c. Sugar company railroads . . . . . . 18 IX. Police, courts, welfare organizations. . . . . . . 58

d. Pushcar lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Location of police stations . . . . . . . . . . 58
Airfields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2. Duties of the police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Roads and automobiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3. Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

i Water transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rickshaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lighthouses and meteorological
observatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20

20
4. Deposit bureau offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Fire fighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Prisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Welfare organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
59
59
59

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS_Continued

Page
Public finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... ... . . . . 2. The gai and sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . . .. . . Denryo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General statement . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . Kizan-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... .. . .. . . Kosen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

XII.
i
Malaria . . . . . . . . .
Venereal diseases .
.
.
. ........ . . .. ...
. . . . .. .. . .. . .. ..
Port quarantine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Schools and libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
VII.
i .
.
. Mino-sho . . . . . .
Naimon-sho . . .
Sanrin-sho . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Distinctive features of Koshun-gun. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

1. General statement . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 2. The sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. List of schools . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . a. Manshu-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . b. Koshun-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART II
c. Shajo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VIII. Okayama-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOCAL DATA
1. Distinctive features of Okayama-gun. .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2. The gai and sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II. Takao City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 . Aren-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
III. Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Enso-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Special features of Choshu-gun . . . . . . . 74

2. The gai and sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Mida-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

a. Banran-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
. Nanshi-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Boryo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Okayama-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Bozan-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 . Rochiku-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Choshu-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
. Saei-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Naiho-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
IX. Toko-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
f. Shimpi-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
1. Special features of Toko-gun . . . . . . . . .
g. Takeda-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
2. The gai and sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV. Heito-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 . Bantan-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Special features of Heito-gun. . . . . . . . Kato-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Heito City and the sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
. Rimpen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Heito City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

i
Choko-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Empo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Kyukai-sho ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Riko-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
77
77
77
77
i . Ryukyu-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Shinen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Toko-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDICES
. Rokki-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
g. Takagi-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 77 I. Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. Hozan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 80 . Takao City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Special features of Hozan-gun. . .... . . 80 . Heito City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. The gai and sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 80 Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Hozan-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 80 . Heito-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Jimbu-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 . Hozan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kominate-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 . Kizan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

VI.
i . Rinen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Taiju-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tairyo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
g. Torimatsu-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kizan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
...
...
...
81
81
82
82
82
II.
. Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘. . .
Okayama-gun . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Toko-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alphabetical list of cities, towns and
villages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Distinctive features of Kizan-gun. ... 82 III. Japanese weights and measures. . . . . . . . . . .
 LIST OF TABLES
No. Page No. Page
Table Table

1. Taxed land in Taiwan by character of use. . . . . 3 28. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
2. Untaxed land in Taiwan by character of use. . . 3 and schools in Takao City and Heito City. . . . 60

3. Taxed land in Takao Province by character of 29. Location of Police stations, post offices, doctors
uSe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 and schools in Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

4. Untaxed land in Takao Province by character 30. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
of use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - and schools in Heito-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • * * 61
5. Value of agricultural production, Taiwan and 31. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
Takao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 and schools in Hozan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6. Farm households and size of farms. . . . . . . . . . . 7 32. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
and schools in Kizam-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7. Income and expense per ko of sugar cane cul
tivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 33. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
and schools in Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
8. Income and expense per ko of rice cultivation. . 7
9. Rice: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 34. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
and schools in Okayama-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
10. Rice delivery points in Takao Province. . . . . . . . 8
11. Common agricultural products: area and pro 35. Location of police stations, post offices, doctors
and schools in Toko-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
duction, 1939,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
12. Special agricultural products: area and pro 36. Estimated revenue for Takao provincial govern
ment, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
duction, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 |
37. Estimated expenditures of Takao provincial
13. Vegetables: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . 9
government, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
14. Coffee: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . . . . . 10
38. Estimated revenue of shi, gai, and sho in Takao
15. Sisal and derris: area and production, 1939. . . 10
Province, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16. Bananas: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . . . . 10
39. Estimated expenditures of shi, gai, and sho in
17. Pineapples: area and production, 1939. . . . . . . . 11
Takao Province, 1939. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
18. Citrus fruits: area and production, 1939. . . . . . 11
40. Health agencies: Taiwan and Takao Province,
19. Other fruits: area and production, 1939. . . . . . 11 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
20. Crop damage in Takao Province, 1939. . . . . . . . . 12
93
41. Population of Takao Province, 1935 and 1940..
21. Livestock, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 93
42. Population of Takao Province by sex, 1940. . . .
22. Livestock slaughter, 1939. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
94
43. Population of Takao City, by subdivisions, 1935
23. Poultry, 1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
94
44. Population of Heito City, by subdivisions, 1935
24. Crop area and production (3 Japanese settle 45. Population of Choshu-gun, by subdivisions, 1935 95
ments) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 96
46. Population of Heito-gun, by subdivisions, 1935
25. Distances from Takao City to stations on the 47. Population of Hozan-gun, by subdivisions, 1935 97
main line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 99
48. Population of Kizam-gun, by subdivisions, 1935
26. Nokai budget for Taiwan and Takao Province, 49. Population of Kosh un-gun, by subdivisions, 1935 100
1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 50. Population of Okayama-gun, by subdivisions,
27. Chikusan-kai budget for Taiwan and Takao - 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 101
Province, 1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 51. Population of Toko-gun, by subdivisions, 1935. . 103

LIST OF MAPS AND CHARTS

Figure 1. Taiwan, Takao Province. . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Figure 4. Takao Province, administrative divi
Figure 2. Takao Province, rivers, streams and sions, gum and sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
harbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Figure 5. Administrative organization of Takao
Figure 3. Takao Province, communications. . . . . . . 19 Province

viii
 ILLUSTRATIONS
Number Page Number Page
1. Looking down upon the rough lava foreshore 22. Taiwan Sugar Company, factories 1 and 2,
Kyoshito, Takao Province 45
of (Sho) Ryukyu Island. A windbreak of
trees protects a small section of paddy fields 23. Bank of Taiwan, Takao Branch. . . . . . . . . . . . 45
and a farmhouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24. Heito City offices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
25. Takao provincial offices and radio tower...... 56
The surface of (Sho) Ryukyu Island is too
26. Kigo, an old Formosan-Chinese settlement
extensively eroded to be generally cultivated 70
near Takao harbor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenes on a sugar plantation: a tractor at
| 27. Looking south along Kigo peninsula from the
work, varieties of sugarcane, and Formo
14 ruins of the old Chinese fort at Takao har
san-Chinese cutting cane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sugarcane 15 bor. This narrow sand-bar separates Takao
Lagoon (left) from the sea (right) 70
Pineapple fields 15
28. View of Takao City, looking west toward the
Pulling in a fishing net on the beach of Dai
17 harbor. The skyline (Kigo Peninsula) has
banretsu Bay 72
been deleted
Bringing a whale ashore at the Daibanretsu
29. Takao railroad station. (This may have been
whaling station 17
replaced by a new structure.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Garambi radio station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
30. Coconut trees lining a street in Takao City. . 73
Shijukei hot springs, Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . 21
31. Gate in the remains of the old city wall, Takao 73
10. Kyukyokudo railway bridge over the Shimo
Birdseye view of Heito City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
tamsui River between Hozan and Heito. . . . 21
33. View of the countryside looking east from
11. Catholic church and adjacent bridge, looking Takao toward Hozan from the Asano
toward Reigaryo industrial area, Takao.
Cement Company property. Much of this
The bridge is believed to have been replaced
22
land is now taken up by military barracks
by a concrete structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and storehouses 78
12. The main road north of Koshun. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
34. Paiwan village near Heito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
13. Confucian temple on the road between Koshun 35. Paiwan aboriginal dwelling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
and Koryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
36. Chief of a Paiwan tribe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
14. Heito railroad station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
37. Garambi lighthouse, showing Daibanretsu Bay
15. Japanese Army Air Forces Headquarters at 86
and Byobito Cape to the west. . . . . . . . . . . .
Heito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 38. Sekimon (Stonegate) in Koshun-gun, the nar
16. Loading a banana cargo at Takao. . . . . . . . . . 42
row ravine in which the Japanese Expedi
17. Dock facilities at Takao. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
tionary Forces in 1874 inflicted the first
18. Alcohol factory on Takao waterfront, looking major defeat on the aborigines of the South.
east . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 This is typical of the mountain wall which
19. Asano cement works, Takao, looking east. . . . 43 87
rises abruptly east of the Takao-Heito plain.
20. Unidentified sugar mill “at Heito”. . . . . . . . . . 39. Betel-nut palms and Paiwan aborigine huts,
21. Unidentified sugar mill “near IIeito” . . . . . . . . 44 Takao Province 92
 ADMINISTRATIVE TERMINOLOGY
Location of places in Takao Province (Takao shu) is
indicated by shi (city); gun (county); gai (town); sho
(cluster of villages); and sha (aborigine village). Cho
and chome are subdivisions within a city. Banchi is the
street number. As there are no precise equivalents in
English for some of these terms, the terms themselves
are used frequently in this handbook. Reference to the
population tables in the appendix will help clarify the
terms, as population data are organized according to
these divisions.
gun Administrative-geographical division of the
province. It may be translated roughly as county,
but it is preferable to use the Japanese term.
There are seven gun in Takao Province.
shi Incorporated city which includes the cho sub
divisions and what Americans would call subur
ban towns. There are ten shi in Taiwan, two of
them, Takao-shi and Heito-shi, being in Takao
Province. All of the shi, with the exception of
Takao-shi, lie within the boundaries of some gum,
but they are not under the gum administration
nor is the shi population counted in computing
the population of the gum. The administrative
offices of these gun, however, are located in the
shi.
gai The term gai is used (1) to designate a single
town and (2) to designate a group of towns or
villages, one of them being the seat of the gai
administration. The town or village with the
same name as the gai as a whole is usually the
administrative seat.
sho Essentially the same as a gai except for the
name. Although the term “town” is frequently
used for gai and “village” for sho this is inaccu
rate as some sho are larger than some gai. To
avoid confusion, the Japanese words should be
used consistently.
cho An administrative division of a city, usually
composed of several blocks. The same Japanese
character can be read machi and local usage
determines which reading is used.
chome A division of a cho. Not all the cho in Taiwan
cities are divided into chome.
banchi Street number.
sha Aborigine village.
In American usage addresses are given by writing first
the street number, then the street, city, and state. The
reverse order is followed in Japan and in Taiwan, for
example, Takao-shu, Takao-shi, Minato-cho, 1 chome, 24
banchi; or again, Choshu-gun, Choshu-gai, Choshu.
Personal names are written in accordance with the
Japanese custom of the family name first, and the family
name is capitalized to minimize the possibility of con
fusion.
 Part I.
PROVINCIAL DATA
I. GEOGRAPHY AND LAND USE
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. Within Takao Province is Takao
City, the most important industrial center in Taiwan, a
city which is also the second most important port on the
island. In 1940 the province contained 857,321 people,
roughly 15 per cent of the population of Taiwan, and
including nearly 35,000 aborigines (about 23 per cent of
the Taiwan aborigine population). There were 46,676
Japanese in the area in 1940, 35,083 of them residing in
Takao City and Heito City. Agriculture constitutes the
most important enterprise and represents about 15 per
cent of the agricultural products of Taiwan. Forty per
cent of the island's fishing products come from Takao
Province. Extensive military fortifications and airfields
center about Takao City. There are two cities, Takao
and Heito, seven gun and 43 gai or sho in the province.
2. GEOGRAPHY. Takao extends from Mt. Niitaka on the
north to Garambi at the southern tip of Taiwan, a dis
tance of about 120 miles. The width of the province at
its widest point is about 60 miles. Mountains and hills
cover the larger part of the area, particularly to the
east and northeast. A portion of the two main mountain
ranges of Taiwan, the Central or Taiwan Range and
the Niitaka Range, which is to the west of the Central
Range, run north and south in the province. In all of
Taiwan there are 79 peaks exceeding 3,000 meters in
height. The Central Range has a dozen peaks in Takao
Province about 3000 meters in height. From northeast
to south they are: Shukoran-san, Taisuikutsu-san, Sen
san, Seppo-san, Nanosozu-san, Seki-san, Shoseki-san,
Hinanshu-san, Chihonshu-san, Taibu-san, Minami-san
and Taijurin-san. Peaks in the Niitaka Range are Nang
yoku-san, Nammen-san, Shimborei-san, Taichikukei-san
and Naimyo-san.
Three large plains are the centers of population and
agricultural production: the Takao Plain, the Heito
Plain, and the Koshun Plain, which runs from Shajo on
the north, through Koshun-gai to the sea on the southern
end of the island.
There are three river systems. One (the Takao plain)
is characterized by sandhills and few rivers. The Nisoko
River runs through it from its headwaters at Mokusaku
in Kizan-gun. The altitude of the headwaters is not great
and the stream is sluggish. Other small streams of the
plain empty into coastal lagoons and swamps. The Takao
River, for instance, enters a long lagoon at Takao City.
The second system is that of the Heito plain, through
which flows the Shimo-tamsui River, 99 miles long, the
second longest in Taiwan. The Nanshisen River, above
the Shimo-tamsui, rises southwest of Mt. Niitaka. It flows
to Kizan, which is outside the plain, and runs parallel
with the Rono River. The Shimo-tamsui and the Rono
empty into the sea at Toko. A very extensive riparian
project has been developed on the Shimo-tamsui, consist
ing of large-scale reclamation works, embankments and
irrigating systems designed to control the flood waters
of the river and to impound and distribute evenly the sea
sonal overflow. Since 1927 the government has spent over
¥11,000,000 on the project. Levees have been constructed
at Choko, Enpo, Riko, Doko, Rokkaisaku, Bantan, Tairyo,
Rinen, Shinen and other places whose names are not
available. The total length of the levees (about 1936) was
given as 50 miles.
The third river system is at the southern end of the
province, at the end of the Central Mountain Range. The
rivers are short, are turbulent, and vary greatly with the
seasons. The Shiju, the Shidokyaku, the Fuko, and the
Koko are in this system.
The coast-line on the east, south, and southwest is
characterized largely by sea-cliffs. The west coast-line is
about 70 miles in length and is, in the main, low and
sandy in the center and north. The farther south one
goes, the nearer the foothills of the mountains approach
the shore. As shown on the rivers and harbors map,
there are a number of anchorages off the coast, but there
is no port except Takao City capable of sheltering any
thing other than fishing boats and junks. Daibanretsu is
a regular port of call for Japanese coastal vessels, but
the passengers must land by means of a launch.
Sho-Ryukyu-to (little Ryukyu or Lambei Is.) is a
coral islet 2.5 miles long from NE to SW and about one
mile wide, situated 8 miles SSW of Toko. It is under the
jurisdiction of Toko gun. Between Toko and Sho-Ryukyu
the water is unusually deep and there are many places
where the bottom has not been found. Like a great ditch
in the sea, this extends from the west to the north of
Sho-Ryukyu where it turns north and extends to a spot
about one mile of the mouth of the Shimo-tamsui River.
In the channel between Taiwan and the Philippines lie
a group of seven small rocks known as the Shichisei-gan.
They are nine nautical miles south of Garambi and were
the southernmost part of the Japanese pre-war empire.
3. CLIMATE. Average annual temperatures are about
73°F. July is the warmest month with nearly 82°F., and
February the coolest with a little less than 62°F. Abso
lute maximum temperatures of higher than 98°F. have
been recorded in July, and every month may have tem
 TAKAO PROVINCE
– RIVERS – STREAMS
- HARBORS -
(TAIwan)

--> -----

-raxac River

-ni-to-Tar-sui zivre

------ ~/
£2 Mºnu-1 ºve
-o"r-u-o ºrvºº

---oo-u Riv-- -

Fuxo Riv-n

*** **vº" – ºstºso

-o---------

-on------

FIGURE 2–Takao Province, Rivers, Streams, and Harbors.

2
peratures of nearly 90°F. Absolute minimum tempera Taiwan exclude the aborigine region unless indication is
tures of 37.4°F. have been recorded at Takao in February. made to the contrary.
Frosts are very rare. Nearly 70 per cent of Takao Province is forest land,
The total annual precipitation at Takao is 61.09 inches, of which about 60 per cent is in standing trees. The value
and monthly amounts range between 16.28 inches in Au of forest products in 1936 was only ¥1,800,000, the three
gust, and 0.3 inches in December. Virtually all of the most important items being charcoal, Y330,000; fire
precipitation occurs in the summer. Five-sixths of the wood, Y300,000; and timber material, #75,000. Timber
total is recorded from May to September. All other months material to the value of ¥6,000,000 was imported into
receive less than 2 inches. Less than 1 inch a month falls the province. Taiwan produced about 50 per cent of its
between November and February. Occasional storms lumber requirements in 1940 with a total production of
with more than one inch of precipitation take place in 225,000,000 board feet. The 1937 production was 75,000,
winter, and in July and August there have been days 000 board feet.
when between 9.54 and 13.15 inches have fallen. Precipi The following tables give unusually detailed data on
tation occurs on an average of 91.7 days a year at Takao, uses of taxed and untaxed land. The first two are for
the frequency varying from one day in ten during the Taiwan as a whole, the last two for Takao Province,
winter to one day in two or three in summer. The relative which has two tax offices, one at Takao City and the other
humidity is approximately 80 per cent. at Heito City. These tables include data on shrine sites,
Winds are generally from the north in winter and the military sites, and other significant types of land usage.
south in summer. North winds make up 41 per cent of
all air movements, and reach a frequency of 68 per cent Table 1: Taared land in Taiwan, by use, area, number of
to 73 per cent in winter, and 8 to 10 per cent in summer. taxable units and total taxes, 1939.
Northwest and northeast winds occur 12 and 10 per cent
of the time, respectively, and also take place most often Number of Total taxes
Type of land Area in ko” units” in ven
in winter. Southeast, south, southwest, and west winds
Total . .. .. ... . ... . .. . .. .. 1,127,433 2,772,114 8,330,305
predominate from June to August, and may occasionally
Paddy field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538,511 1,392,337 5,789,324
blow at other times of the year. It is calm only 3 per Dry field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319,220 720,172 1,413,940
cent of the time, mostly in the early fall months. The Fish culture land . . . . . . . . . 14,199 7,939 33,550
Building sites . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,799 443,180 951,499
average mean wind velocity is 9.8 miles per hour, with Mountain forests . . . . . . . . . 213,961 175,960 100.994
winter winds being stronger (10-13 miles per hour) than Miscellaneous sites . . . . . . . 2,743 32.526 • 40,998

summer winds (8–9 miles per hour). There is an aver * A ko equals 2.397 acres.
age of 50.6 days with gales, with a winter maximum, 6.3 * The number of units of privately owned land is not to be confused
with the number of owners, as one man may own more than one plot
days with strong gales, mostly in late summer or early of ground.
fall but possible in any month; and less than one day a Source: Taiwan Survey, 1939.
year with typhoons. The typhoon season is in the early
fall. There is an average of 44.3 days a year with thunder Table 2: Untazed land in Taiwan, by use, area, number
storms, three-fourths of which occur from June to Sep of taxable units, and ownership, 1939.
tember. Maximum wind velocities of over 120 miles per
hour have been recorded in August. Government owned Privately owned
'a a.
Area Number of Area Number of
Type of land in ko units" in ko units"
4. EARTHQUAKES. Taiwan, lying along the volcanic belt
Total . ..... ... .. ...... 87,3462 130,406 92.838" 613,113
that encircles the Pacific, has upwards of 300 earthquakes
a year. Though few of them are violent, an occasional de Paddy fields . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,418 9,052 133 578
Dry fields . . . . . . . 11,112 192 422
structive quake causes"great damage and loss of life. In Fish culture lan 195 0 0
Building sites . . . . 6,842 1.657 18,654
March, 1906, 21,000 houses were destroyed with a loss of Mountain forest . . . - 28,544 20,413 1,591
Miscellaneous land . . . . . 596 6.875 812 2,538
nearly 4,000 lives. The great earthquake of April, 1935, Salt fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 24 - 2,586 1,305
took a toll of 5,000 lives and 55,000 houses. As the force Mineral springs . . . . . . . . 6,720 3 8,372 5
Ponds and marshes . . . . . 368 501 12,093 30,312
of the disturbance tends to be confined to a small geo Plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 20,860 22.671 19,576 58,179
Pasture . . . . . . . 48 38 2,454 128
graphic area, the burden upon the local authorities is Shrine sites . . . . .
-

-
- - -

17 40 159 485
correspondingly great. Two years after the 1935 quake, Confucian shrine sites 6 99 415 5,036
Cemetery sites . . 1,668 740 10.743 26,793
which visited only Shinchiku and Taichu provinces, the Railroad sites .. - 817 1,274 110 525
Park sites . . . . . . . . . - - 5 37 167 363
reconstruction of the devastated area was reported to be Military tarining sites. . 1.409 871 225 644
only partly finished. The earthquakes usually are felt Shooting ranges . . . . . . . . - 111 56 2.358 2
Battery sites . . . . . . . . . . . 333 697 0. 2
more severely in the north than in the south. Lighthouse sites . . . . . . 58 16 0.2 1
Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 28,086 5,310 213,966
Railroad tracks - 756 4.517 5 tº 4.959
Ditches . . . . . . . . - 21 207 111 626
5. LAND USE. Japanese authorities divide Taiwan into Gutters . . . . . . - 839 7,458 15, 106 240,856
the Heichi, or plains region, and the Banchi, or aborigine Embankments 48 451 297 5,145

region, and place restrictions on travel between the two.
The aborigine region is in the mountains. In Takao
Province it occupies 294,778 ko of land, as opposed to
295,155 ko in the plains region. Japanese statistics on
"The number of units of privately owned land is not to be confused
with the number of owners, as a single man may own more than one
unit.
* Given total 87,346 does not agree with calculated total 94,067.
* Given total 92,838 does not agree with calculated total 103,838.2.
 Table 3: Taxed land in Takao Province, by use, area,
number of tazable units amd total taxes, 1939.

Takao City tar office Heito City Branch tar office

Area Number Tazes Area Number Tares
in ko of units in yen in ko of units in yen

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,235 152,440 545,566 96,738 184,550 750,276

Paddy field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,591 63,978 295,793 47,409 97.16.1 532,951

Dry field . . . . 22,307 53,924 155,841 32,398 47,304 150,775
Fish culture lands 2,877 555 8,263 340 136 1,393

Building sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,335 26,855 74,373 3,564 33,506 56.112

Mountain forests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,934 5,751 5,475 12,775 4.554 6,567

Miscellaneous sites .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 191 1,377 5.8.21 252 1,889 2,478

- Table 4: Untaaced land in Takao Province, by use, area,

number of taxable units and ownership, 1939.

Takao City tax office Heito City Branch tar office

Government Privately Government Privately
owned land owned land owned land owned land
Area Number Area Number Area Number A rea Number
Land use in ko of units in ko of units in ko of units in ko of units

Total . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . 2,937 7,195 3,681.6 26,973 28,301.4 6,534 7,086 23,846

Paddy fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 1,087 1 5 272 1,222 18 64

Dry fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 2,265 4 17 1,058 1,648 6 21

Fish culture land . . 457 98 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. o

Building sites . . . . 200 789 111 1,241 77 488 182 1.244

Mountain forest 55.8 342 2 5 2,261 238 66 4

Miscellaneous land . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 322 11 57 58 517 17 84

Salt fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0. 130 6 0. 0. 0. 0

Mineral springs . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0. 0. 0 0.
Ponds and marshes 19 31 549 1,304 119 24 7.43 308
Plain . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 626 1,344 5,005 4,056 1,902 3,572 6,379
Pasture 0 0 0 o 48 38 0 o

Shrine sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0. 6 17 0. 0 9 14

Confucian shrine sites . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 5 36 309 0.4 10 28 304

Cemetery sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 17 580 998 23 18 1,192 1,056

Railroad sites .. 85 273 1. 17 38 83 32 105
0. 0. 5 4 3 1. 19 12

36 10 35 107 197 39 21 80

0 0 0. 25 0.

0 0. 0 0. o o o

0.5 0. 0. 24 3 0. 0.

42 735 303 13,125 24 512 201 8,130

27 403 50 386 39 228 95 780

2 90 18 134 0 0. 0. 72

66 81 495 4,444 176 771 880 5, 197

0.2 20 0.6 62 3 9 5 56
 II. AGRICULTURE

1. GENERAL state MENt. In order of value of produce, lation and about 15 per cent of the agricultural production
the chief agricultural crops in Takao Province are rice, of the island. As shown in the following table, Takao
sugar cane, sweet potatoes, bananas, tobacco, and pine Province had a higher proportion of horticultural prod
apples. The province has about 15 per cent of the popu ucts than the island as a whole.

Table 5: Value of agricultural production, Taiwan and

Takao Province, 1939'.

Taiwan Takao Province

Value in yen Per cent Value in yen Per cent

All products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551,826,343 100.00 81,228,489 100.00

“Common" produce” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279,841,146 50.71 39,277.372 48.35

“Special” produce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,556,110 28.19 23,615,108 29.07
Horticultural produce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,808.842 7.94 9,455,632 11.64
Sericulture . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . 77,256 0.01 3,317 0.01
72,542,989 13.15 8,877,060 10.93

* Tables in this section have been compiled from the Taiwan Annual Agricultural Report, prepared by the
Agricultural Affairs Section of the Industrial Bureau of Government-General and reprinted in the Taiwan
Agricultural Review. The figures do not include the aborigine territory.
* See below for products included under “common” and “special”.

2. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES DEALING WITH AGRICULTURAL Koshun-gun, Koshun-sho

PRODUCE. The Government-General maintains many
agencies in Taiwan to control the diseases of plants and
animals, to improve varieties and breeds, to maintain
standards of products exported, to control the importa
tion of infected plants, for fertilizer inspection, and for
general control over the produce. The following agencies
were maintained by the Government-General in Takao
Province:
Takao-shi
Despatch station of the Plant Inspection Station (un
der Industrial Development Bureau)
Officials: 3 technical aides
Branch of Canned Agricultural Products Inspection
Station (under Industrial Development Bureau)
Officials: 5 technical aides
Despatch station of the Fertilizers Inspection Station
(under Industrial Development Bureau)
Officials: 2
Branch office of the Rice and Other Cereals Bureau
Officials: 8 technical aides
Heito-shi
Despatch station of the Rice and Other Cereals Bureau
Officials: 3 technical aides
Hozan-gun, Taiju-sho
Taiju Pineapple Nursery (under Industrial Develop
ment Bureau)
Officials: Nursery head and a technical aide
Hozam-gun, Torimatsu-sho
Hozan Tropical Horticulture Experiment Branch Sta
tion (under Agricultural Experimental Station)
Officials: 1 head, 1 assistant, 1 technical aide
Branch of Forestry Management Office (under Indus
trial Development Bureau)
Officials: Branch head and a technical aide
Koshun Branch Station of Forestry Experimental Sta
tion
Officials: 1 head, 2 assistants
Koshun Livestock Experimental Branch Station (un
-
der Agricultural Experimental Station)
Officials: 1 head, 1 technician, 1 assistant, 2 technical
aides
Toko-gun, Bantan-sho
Bantan Pineapple Nursery (under Industrial Develop
ment Bureau)
Officials: Nursery head, a technical aide, and one other
person
The following agricultural agencies are operated by
Takao Province:
Heito-gun, Heito-shi, Zuiho-cho
Agricultural Experimental Station
Officials: 1 head, 1 secretary, 7 aides
Hozam-gai, Hozan
Livestock Breeding Farm
Officials: 1 manager, 1 secretary, 2 aides
Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai
Forestry Experimental Station
Officials: 1 head, 1 technical aide
The Taikoei Sugar Experimental Station is shown on
a map as being in Enryo Choshu-gun, but no information
is available as to its sponsorship.
3. FARM POPULATION. In 1939, 68,493 households were
engaged in farming. Approximately 25 per cent were
owners, 40 per cent tenants, and 35 per cent part owners
1. Looking down upon the rough lava foreshore of Sho Ryukyu Island. A windbreak of trees protects a small
section of paddy field and a farmhouse.

2. The surface of Sho Ryukyu Island is too extensively eroded to be generally cultivated.
6
and part tenants. They were on farms of the following clearly are biased in support of his position, they are of
sizes: - interest.

Table 6: Farm households and size of farms, 1939. Table 7: Income and earpense per ko of sugar came cul
tivation.
Farm households
Size of farm in ko Number Per cent
Total expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¥1,068
Total. all farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 68,493 100.00 Seedlings 60
Expense for fertilizer 220
19,819 28.94
Expense of cultivation 150
15,324 22.37
17,282 25.23
Land rent (at the rate of 75 koku for 16 months at W 6) 600
Water tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... 8
8,128 11.87
5,420 7.91
Interest on previous loan from sugar company, 8 months
1,530 2.23
at 7.2 per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 30
624 0.91
300 0.44
Total income: sale of 15,000 kin of cane at ¥ 58 per 10,000
kin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ¥ 870
66 0.10
Net loss 198

4. RICE. Rice and sugar cane can be grown in the same

Table 8: Income and earpense per ko of rice cultivation.
fields. In recent years the Government-General has been
attempting to force farmers to rotate rice and cane pro Total expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W 638

duction, but has met with considerable opposition, which Fertilizer . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . 90

Rice seedlings . . . . . . . . . . 10
developed because it is more profitable for the individual Water tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
farmer to raise rice only. A writer by the name of Liu Cultivation expense' 80
Land rent (75 koku at ¥ 6) 450
Ming-tien, probably a Formosan-Chinese, emphasized this
Total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y 1,092
point in a volume published in 1940, claiming that the
rotation cultivation system “would result in sacrificing Unhusked rice two crors, 11,000 kin at Y 72 per 1000 kin 792
Income from in-between cultivation (vegetables, sweet
the farmers in the long run and directly or indirectly in potatoes, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Side-line income (swine, chickens, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
creasing the profits of the sugar companies.”
Four crops of rice can be grown in the nearly two Net profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y 450

years required for one cane crop. In addition, cane pro
duction does not permit the production of vegetables and
livestock which is possible with rice. Sugar cane is prof
itable in fields where there is not quite sufficient water
for rice, or where the land is not quite fertile enough.
The following tables (7 and 8), comparing the costs of
production are from the Liu Ming-tien, Investigation of
the Rice Policy in Taiwan, 1940.
* Actually income for the farmer.
In 1929 the total area of standing crop in rice in Taiwan
was 585,566 ko. There was a fairly steady increase in
area until the maximum of 702,685 ko was reached in
1936. There was a decline to 645,548 ko in 1939, the date
of the latest available figures. Detailed figures on rice
Although the tables production for 1939 in Takao Province are as follows:

Table 9: Rice: area and production, 1939.

(Area for all of Taiwan is included for comparison)

Area of standing A verage A verage

crop, in ko A mount production price
- - harvested per ko, in Value per koku,
All Taiwan Takao in koku koku in wen in yen

All varieties, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.548.8 87.351.2 1,273.8.10 - 32,346,082 -

1st crop . . . . . . . . 275,488.8 34.071.4 548,415 16.09 14,599,200 26.62

2nd crop . . . .. .. . . 370,060.0 53.279.8 725,395 13.62 17,746,882 24.47
All wet-field rice, tota 620,860.3 79.390.2 1,213.098 - 30,900,719 -

1st crop 268,520.9 34,071.4 548,415 17.00 14,599.200 26.62

2nd crop . 352,339.4 45,318.8 664,683 14.70 16,301,519 24.53
Wet-field rice, Horai variety, total . . . . . 3.17.041.3 29,082.6 47 4.350 12,814,788 - -

1st crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,081.5 22,299.2 380,211 17.05 10,330,935 27, 17

2nd crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,959.8 6,783.4 94, 139 13.88 2.483,853 26.38
Wet-field rice, common non-glutinous
variety, total 243.64 1.7 42,181.4 615,819 - 14,853,121 -

1st crop . . . . . . . 103.961.7 11,496.0 164,581 14.32 4, 152. 25.23

2nd crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,680.0 30,685.4 451,238 14.71 10,701,111 23.72
Wet-field rice, round-grained, glutinous
variety, total 47.775.2 1,788.6 26,675 - 752,274 -

1st crop . . . . 6,922.9 109.3 1,476 13.51 51,477 34, 88

2nd crop 40.852.3
Wet-field rice, long-grained glutinous 1,679.3 25, 199 15.00 wº 27.81 *

variety, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,402.1 6,337.5 96,254 - 2, 48 0.526 -

1st crop . . . .. 1.554.8 166.9 2.147 12.86 64,778 30.17

2nd crop 10,847.3 6.17 ().6 94,107 15.25 2.415.758 25.67
Dry-field rice, all varieties, total. . . 24,688.5 7.960.9 60,712 - 1,445,363 -

1st crop . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,976.0 () () -

() -

2nd crop . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. 17,720.6 7,960.9 60,712 7.63 1,445,363 23.81

Dry-field rice, non-glutinous, total. 525.8 7,956.0 60.658 - 1,444.077 -

1st crop - - () () 0.
2nd crop 7.956. () 60,658 7.62 1,444,077 23.81
Dry-field rice, glutinous, total. 5.0 54. - 1,286 -

1st crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . () () - 0 -

2nd crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 54. 10.80 1.286 23.81

7
 Table 10: Rice delivery points in Takao Province.

(Published as Taiwan Government-General Proclamation no. 615, dated 12/29/1940; revised version of Article 7 of
Enacting Regulations to Taiwan Rice Exports Supervision Ordinance.)

Delivery Place
Inspection Office at Warehouse Maintained by
County Municipality
Takao-shi Taiwan Gov. Gen. Rice Bureau, Takao Rice Warehouse
Taiwan Gov. Gen. Traffic Bureau, Railways Division
Taiwan Shipping Corp.
Nippon Transport Corp.
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc. -

Maruichi Ass'n.
Takao Province Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility; Takao Warehouse
Takao Province Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility; Kyujo Station
Warehouse
Ka Chi-ko
Okayama Okayama-gai Sha Ko-shu
Tai Ka
Tai Ryo-kei
Nanshi-sho Taiwan Warehouse Corp.
Chin Shim-batsu
Ri Ro
Sai Ra-kan
Sun Fuku-se
Rochiku-sho So Tei-ki
Rochiku-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Go Min-toku
Konai-sho Yo Ten-shi
Aren-sho Ri Mo-gyu
Enso-sho Enso-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
Mida-sho Mida-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
Hozan-gai Hozan-gai Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility, Farm Warehouse
Nippon Transport Corp.
Hozan-gun Rice Control Ass'n.
Goto Ryushi
Shoko-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoko-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
So Ei
Rinen-sho Rin Den-u
Dairyo-sho Go Sei-chi
Daiju-sho Nippon Transport Corp.
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc.
Taiwan Warehouse Corp.
O Chu
Heito-shi Taiwan Shipping Corp.
Nippon Express Corp.
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc.
Takao-shu Agricultural Ass’n., Farm Warehouse
Heito-shi Rice Control Ass'n.
Heito-gun Rice Control Ass'n.
Choko-sho
| Choko-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
Embo-sho Embo-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative with Surety Responsibility
Koju-sho Ryo Ko-un
Riko-sho Rin Sei
Kyukai-sho ... Chin So-chin
Choshu-shi .. .. . .. . .. . . Taiwan Gov. Gen. Rice Bureau, Choshu Station Rice Warehouse
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass’n., Inc.
Takao-shu Agricultural Ass'n., Farm Warehouse
Choshu-gun Rice Control Ass'n.
O Kin-chin
Chikuden-sho Taiwan Gov. Gen. Rice Bureau, Saisei Station Rice Warehouse
Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc.
Maruichi Ass'n.
Banran-sho Rin Kei-un
Naiho-sho Yamato Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Shimbi-sho Sho Kei-jo
Boryo-sho Boryo-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Suiteiryo Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Rimben-sho Nitto Merchant Marine Ass'n., Inc.
Rimben-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Sha Jo
Toko-gai Toko-gun Rice Control Ass'n.
Seki Sui
Shinen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . Chin Min-rai
Ryo Ka-sei
Bantan-sho . O Ban-toku
Kato-sho Kato-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Kizan-gai Nippon Transcorpt Corp.
Ri U-ban
Bino-sho Bino-sho Rice Credit Trading Cooperative, with Surety Responsibility
Ryu Tem-bo
Sanrin-sho O Fuku-ryu

5. “COMMON” AND “SPECIAL” AgriculturAL PRODUCTS. nese include under each category and the 1939 produc
The following tables indicate what products the Japa tion for Takao Province.
 Table 11: Common agricultural products: Area and production, 1939.
(Area of each product for all Taiwan is included for comparison)
Average
Average price
Area of standing production per koku
crop, in ko A mount per ko, or per
— harvested in in koku Value 100 kin
- --- Taiwan Takao P. koku or kin or kin in yen in ven
kin
Sweet potato . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - 130,320.7 20,247.9 344,072,711 16,993 5,944,998 1.73
Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109.9 0. 0. - 0 -

Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,950.8 0. 0. - 0 -

koku
German millet (Awa) 1,697.7 2.3 12 5.22 168 14.00
Millet (Kibi) . . . . . . . . . . 215.4 0. 0. - 0. -

koku
Indian millet (Morokoshi) ........ 3,461.4 27.6 º: orcu.
19.58 13.18.1 24.36

Corn (maize) . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . .. - - 1,600.7 261.5 }: orcu.

9.54 59,217 23.74

Soy bean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,308.4 3,330.0 *; orcu.

4.36 478,240 32.94

Other kinds of beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,021.9 1,131.7 º - 125,171 -

tra
Sugar cane for raw consumption. ... 1,563.0 343.6 35,366,609 102,982 310,315 8.771
Buckwheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 0 0. - 0 -
1 per 1000 Kim.

Table 12: Special agricultural products: area and production, 1939.

(Area of each product for all Taiwan is included for comparison)
-- - Average Average
Area of standing production per koku
crop, in ko Amount per ko, or per
— harvested in in koku Value 100 kin
- Taiwan Takao P. koku or kin or kin in ven in yen
kin
Sugar cane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,332.4% 27,442.4 3,628,523,281 132,223 20,050,963 5.532
Tobacco .. .. .... .. .. . . .. .. . ... . ... 2,234.9 688.1 flºats
orcat
2,946 1,352,966 66.74

Peanuts 30,244.5 2,862.3 39,046 13.64 445,961 11.42

Sesame ... 3,523.6 766.9 2.432 3.17 109,929 45.20
Rape seed 257.6 0. 0. - -

kin
Arrowroot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.9 8.6 52,184 6,075 2,374 4.55
Cassava (Manihot) . . .... . . . ... ... 5,808.3 591.2 12,221,474 20,673 206,452 1.69
Ramie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,883.2 295.5 345,535 1,169 135,996 39.36
Jute (all kinds)* . . . .............. . 23,838.3 3,092.7 2,692,169 870 321,810 11.95
Rough jute . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . 913.4 296.9 345,033 1,162 27,603 8.00
Young jute . . . . . . . . . .. . - - - - - - - - - - - 2,998.6 1,697.5 1,465,337 863 175,841 12.00
Finely cleaned jute . . .. . ... . ... . . . . 19.926.4 . 1,098.3 622,509 567 118,366 19.01
Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,270.1 913.8 224,308 245 43,569 18.60
Taiko rush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 0. 0 - 0 -

Shichito rush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.5 28.5 169,500 5,947 15,255 9.00

Pineapple fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.7 0. 0 - 0

* In 1928, 120,045 ko were in sugar cane in Taiwan. The figure dropped to 84,329 ko in 1932 and has increased each year since
until 1939, the latest available date.
* per 1000 kin.
* Production of jute and hemp is encouraged by the government as a source of airplane cloth and of burlap bags. In 1938, when
the Taiwan crop was 15,000 metric tons, it was necessary to import 22,000,000 burlap bags for sugar and rice exports.

6. VEGETABLES.
Table 13: Vegetables: area and production, 1939.
Average
Area of Average price
standing Amount production per 100
crop harvested per ko Value kin
in ko in kin in kin in yen in ven
All varieties . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . .. . ... . . . .. . .. . 4,419.8% 73,049,700 - 2,532,353
Daikon (radish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660.6 11,692,818 17,701 347,932 2.98
Miscellaneous legumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.5 953,170 - 40,152 -

Ginger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.8 1,607,893 13,309 72,909 4.53

306.1 4,118,420 13,455 184,138 4.47
0.1 500 5,000 50 10.00
230.0 3,499,577 15,219 147,958 4.23
159.1 2,605,664 16,376 103.343 3.97
179.5 . 2,733,626 15,230 131,363 4.81
- 29.3 297,060 - 11,657 -

Cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 312.4 8,424,453 26,967 255,219 3.03

Okarashina (large-sized rape) 135.8 2,840,633 20,918 79.341 2.79
Tsukena (variety of rape) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.9 3,294,512 20,866 103,726 3.15
Yosai (variety of rape) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 134.8 2,695,164 19,997 63,395 2.35
Kinsai (variety of rape) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.4 2,395,609 24,343 79,470 3.32
Muskmelon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.7 2,682,400 18,535 76,181 2.84
Cucumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186.3 4,177,487 22,422 217,860 5.22
Watermelon . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 247.6 4,999,646 20, 193 156,700 3.13
White gourd melon . . 37.9 1,017,454 26,860 28,356 2.79
Pumpkin . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 1,006,695 16,198 25,454 2.53
Egg plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258.6 3,778,850 14,612 156,468 4.14
Kidney beans . . . . . . 150.2 1,081,590 7,201 - 49,144 4.54
Garden peas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340.4 1,222,509 3,592 64,398 5.27
Other vegetables whose seeds or fruits are edible 139.7 1,600,825 - 43,750 -

Misc. vegetables whose leaves are edible. . . . . . . . 244.1 4,323,145 - 93,389 -

1 40,441 ko in all Taiwan.

7. OTHER PRODUCTS.
a. Coffee.
Table 14 : Coffee : area and production, 1939.

Area of A rea of A mount A verage Total value A verage price

No. of No. of trees standing trees harvest harvested production per of production per 100 kin
trees planted producing fruit in ko in ko in kin ko in kin an ven in yen

31,1771 12,276 14.3 6.6 1,438 219 1.381 96.04

* 793,407 trees in Taiwan.

b. Sisal and derris.

Table 15: Sisal and derris: area and production, 1939.

Area A rea A mount A verage A verage price

cultivated harvested harvested production Value per 100 kin
in ko in ko in kin per ko in kin wn wen wn yen

Sisal . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4181 1,210 2,085,750 1,724 820, 134 39.32

Derris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42. 12 4.7 7,837 1,667 8,495 108.40

1 Sisal is produced in Takao Province only.

* Area in all of Taiwan, 290.8 ko.

c. Castor beams. In 1939, 1,886 metric tons were produced.
The government planned to increase the yield to between
11,000 and 12,000 tons by 1948. A castor bean factory in
Takao Province, presumably engaged in extracting oil
from the bean, is reported to be satisfactorily supplying
its products to the armed services.
d. Quinine. Quinine is obtained from the bark of cin
chona trees planted in Taito and Takao Provinces. Cin
chona afforestation in Taiwan was begun in 1922 with
imported cinchona seeds and saplings by the Hoshi
Seiyaku KK (Hoshi Drug Manufacturing Company) a
subsidiary of the Tiawan Takushoku K.K. Bark-tree nur
series were established at Raisha, Choshu-gun in Takao
Province, and at Chippon (Chihon), Taito Province, using
aborigine labor.
e. Coca. Coca plantations in the southwestern part of
Taiwan are owned by the Hoshi Seiyaku K.K. Cocaine
and other narcotic by-products are obtained from these
plantations. Great secrecy surrounds narcotics manufac
ture in the Japanese Empire, but there is some reason to
believe that large coca plantations of which there is no
exact record will be found.
f. Perilla. Perilla is grown for the oil which is extracted
from the seeds. In 1934 the government began encourag
ing the planting of perilla in rice fields, with a govern
ment nursery distributing the seeds. In 1937 about 2,500
acres were reported to be planted with perilla, with the
Sugihara plant at Takao City and the Taiwan Taku
shoku KK (Taiwan Development Company) plant at
Tainan City producing oil from the seed.
8. BANANAs. In 1939, 303,280,059 kin of bananas were
produced in Taiwan. Of these 222,500,000 kin were ex
ported. Takao Province has about one-third of all the
banana plants, Choshu-gun, Heito-gun, Kizan-gun, and
Toko-gun being the centers of production. Bananas in
Taiwan are grown in the mountains and on the plains.
Plain areas generally produce twice as much as mountain
areas. Because of reduced production costs in mountain
areas, however, most of the bananas in Taiwan are grown
in the foothills. Takao Province is noted for the plains
banana. Takao bananas ripen from April to July.
Trade associations of fruit cultivators have been
formed in Taichu, Tainan, and Takao Provinces. These
associations export the bananas produced by the mem
bers, and the proceeds are credited to the member's ac
counts with the associations. Representatives of the three
associations form a Union of Fruit Cultivators, which
controls the trade associations and is responsible for the
transportation of the bananas. The Taiwan Kudamono
KK (Taiwan Fruit Company, Ltd.) is entrusted by the
trade associations with all the business relative to the
sale of the fruit in Japan.

Table 16: Bananas: area and production, 1939.

Number of A rea under A mount harvested A verage production Total value A verage price per
trees cultivated cultivation in ko in kin per tree in kin in yen 100 kin in yen

8,954,0891 4. 153.1 r 124,678,753 13.92 5.198.274 4.17

* 24,201,083 trees cultivated in Taiwan.

9. PINEAPPLEs. Taiwan is third largest producer of pine- exercised over the company, so that no evils result from
apples in the world. In 1939, 145,817,906 pineapples were the monopolization of the industry.” Another report
produced on 10,714 ko of land, of which twenty-five per states that the company was capitalized at ¥7,200,000,
cent was in Takao Province. The crop is raised on large and that it operates 77 canneries in the island.
plantations in the foothills, which are chiefly Japanese- The main office is in Takao City. The Government
owned. The work is done by hired labor. - General, through the company, planned to replace in
The Taiwan Godo Hori Kaisha (The Taiwan Amalga- ferior pineapple plants on 4,674 acres of Takao land
mated Pineapple Co.) was established in July, 1935, under from 1938 to 1942. It is not known whether the Taiko
the supervision of the Government-General, with a capi- Pineapple Canning Company, reported to be operating
tal of ¥5,000,000. Naito, a Japanese author, states: two large factories at Nanto and Toyohara in Taichu
“. . . the company will monopolize local pineapple canning Province at the end of 1935, is still operating inde
under the guidance and supervision of the authorities. pendently. A Taiwan Pineapple Canners' Association
In anticipation of possible abuses of privileges by the has been established, with headquarters in Takao City.
company and the unsuccessful management of the organ The industry has suffered from the shrinking supply
. . . the authorities are taking special pains in order to of metal for cans. The armed forces have been taking a
see that the supervision of the Government is strictly large percentage of total output.

Table 17: Pineapples: area and production, 1939.

Average number
Number of Area wºnder Number of of pineapples Average price per
plants cultivated cultivation in ko pineapples harvested produced per plant Total value in yen 100 kin in yen

49,888,2741 2,685.1 27,830,449 0.56 1,115,779 4.01

* 255,379,244 plants cultivated in Taiwan.

Table 18: Citrus fruits: area and production, 1939.

Average - Average
Area under Amount production Value of price per
Number cultivation harvested per tree products 100 kin
of trees in ko in kin in kin in yen in yen
All varieties . ... . ... . . - 57,159 145.0" 1,759.441 - 131,453
Ponkan (tangerine) . - 27,130 69.2 1,212,843 44.7 94,797 7.82
Tankan orange . . . . . . . . . - 3.25 0.86 6.283 19.3 403 6.41
Sekkan orange ... 93 0.15 1,480 15.9 48 3.24
Buntan (a variety of shaddock, a type of grapefruit) . . . . . . . . 10,730 29.9 267,159 24.9 15,971 5.98
Zabon (a variety of shaddock) 2,620 8.1 108,113 41.3 4,411 4.08
Hakuyu (white citron) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,897 22.0 110,984 12.5 9,267 8.35
Miscellaneous citrus fruits . . . - - - - 7,364 14.8 52,579 - 6,556 -

1 4,921.2 ko in all of Taiwan.

10. OTHER FRUITS.

Table 19: Other fruits: area and production, 1939.

Area under A mount Average Value of Average

Number cultivation harvested production products price per 100
of trees in ko in kin per tree in kin in ven kin in ven

Longan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,961 185.5 3,439,363 49.2 224,565 6.53

Mango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,449 109.1 1,230,137 6.3.3 83,561 6.79
Betel-nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . 153,415 92.6 1,315,819 8.6 49,612 3.77
Guava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . 145,242 113.6 910,262 6.3 36,443 4.00
Plum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . 3,676 6.7 16,132 4.4 44 5.85
Peach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 148 0.3 1,546 10.5 72 4.66
Persimmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 0.2 1,986 24.8 96 4.83
Papaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312,123 101.3 2,410,326 7.5 66,621 2.76
Rembu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,090 23.5 374,587 78.6 15,859 4.23

11. CROP DAMAGE. An ever-present danger to agricul- damage from these sources was as follows:
tural production is damage by rain and wind. In 1939
-

11 -
 Table 20: Crop damage in Takao Province, 1939.

Estimated Estimated
Damaged decrease in damage
Date Cause Kind of crop area in ko production in ºven

bunches
April 17-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Banana . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. 7 173,000 173.000
Late April-late May koku
Ina Netsubyo (Rice fever) ... ... Wet-field rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,805 8.429 219.775
June 8-14 and 18-19. . . . . . . . . . . . Torrential rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,300 roº 392.377
oku
Wet-field rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,025 4.407 105.222
Dry-field rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ss 125 3,250
kin
Sweet potato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.774 31,089,000 343.347
Sugar cane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 2.574,000 10,413
koku
Peanuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 58 406
Sesame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 25 625
kin
Ramie . .. ..... .. ... . ... ... 20 20,000 8,200
Jute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 98.800 14.820
Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4,800 884
bunches
Banana . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . 7 5.380 2.690
kin
Vegetables ...... ... 72.000 2.520
July 13-20 and 29-30 . . . . . . . . . . . Torrential rain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total damage 7 383.663
koku
- Wet-field rice 890 24.297
Dry-field rice 1,337 27.563
kin
Sweet potato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 80,000 1.468
Sugar cane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.757 23,184,000 108.432
koku
Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 687 20,610
Peanuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 69 621
Sesame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 279 9.375
kin
Ramie . . . . . . . . . . 192,624 79,449
Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412,060 51,414
Jute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326.350 56.457
Banana 398,550 4.492
Vegetables 6.000 405
Others .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . - 80
Oct. 8-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rain storm .. ... .. . ..... . .. .. . Total damage roº 403,488
ta
Wet-field rice . 5,221 107.852
Dry-field rice 92 1,936
kin
Sweet potato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 6,292,640 94.750
Sugar cane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,774 32,656,000 144,514
koku
Soy beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 25 550
Peanuts . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . 2 22 176
kin
Ramie . . . . . . . . . . . .- - - - - - - - - - 11 1,160 482
Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ....... 291 18,513 3,277
Banana . . . . . . . . . . .. . . - - - - - - - 18 194,716 5,370
Water melon . . . . . .. . - - - - - - - 69 1,226,433 20,723
Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 156,782 5,898
Tobacco .. .. . .. . .. ....... ... 38 ſ Reliº 11,250
tra

Sugarcane to be eaten raw. . . 2 30,000 300

Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 - 6,410

12. LIVESTOCK.

Table 21 : Livestock, 1939.

(Total for Taiwan is included for comparison)

Number of head
Total

Taiwan Takao P. Male Female Neuter

Cattle (all breeds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324,780 70,878 21,850 15,120 33,908

Buffalo - - 266,136 58,178 17.309 12,172 28,697
Yellow cow (Ouvu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,633 6,751 1,952 1,242 3,557
Indian cow . . . . . . . . . . . - - 684 208 125 69 14
Western cow (Yogyu) 556 132 105 27 o
Miscellaneous breeds . 10,771 5,609 2,359 1,610 1,640
Hogs (all breeds) . . . . . . . . - - 1,653,210 255.713 72.766 18,949 162,998
Taiwan breeds . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. 72,839 13,497 12,728 55 71.4
Western breeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,760 3.057 1,735 928 394
Miscellaneous breeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552,611 239,159 58,303 18,966 161,890
Goats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,543 4,401 2,463 1,110 828
Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 68 51 24 13 14

12
 Table 22: Livestock slaughter, 1939. mura was settled by recruits from Japanese residents of
(Head slaughtered for Taiwan included for comparison) Taiwan, the other two by settlers from Japan, with some
from Taiwan. Settlers from Japan came from the Kago
Head slaughtered A mount Value
Taiwan Takao P. in kin in ven shima, Saga, Kagawa and Kumamoto prefectures. At
the end of 1939, Hinode-mura had 25 households with 121
Cattle (all breeds) . . . . 29,282 6,150 1,319,357 328,098
Buffalo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,102 3,584 86,278 181,635 persons; Chitoshi-mura, 100 households with 549 persons,
Yellow cow . . . . . - - 11,720 2,224 449,069 123,172 and Tokiwa-mura, 65 households with 365 persons. The
Miscellaneous breeds. 460 342 84,010 23,291
Hogs (all breeds) . . . . . 1,116,376 167,817 20,547,998 6,409,552 number of households in 1939 was the same as at the time
Goats . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . 20,059 660 16,028 3,472
of founding of the villages.
Note: In Taiwan there are 750 slaughtering places, of which 89 are In October, 1936, two primary schools were opened,
in Takao Province. with 233 Japanese children, 100 per cent of those of school
age, in attendance. In 1939 the government opened medi
cal clinics at Chitoshi-mura and Tokiwa-mura which
Table 23: Poultry, 1939.
treated 1,787 patients during the year. This figure seems
(Number of fowl in Taiwan included for comparison) to imply that the clinics served a larger area than that
Average of the three villages alone.
Number of birds Value price
Taiwan Takao P. in yen per bird
The average extent of cultivated land per family was
4.35 ko, homesite 0.15 ko, and communal land 0.5 ko. “The
All fowl . . . . . . . .... . . 9,043,336 1,144,432 1,245,041 —
Chicken . . . . ... . . . . 6,680,402 996,702 1,090,525 1.09
communal land was granted with a view to meeting
Duck . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 1,931,365 137,665 131,501 0.96 emergency situations and to foster the spirit of mutual
Geese . . . . . . . .... . . 89,838 8,589 15,884 1.84
Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,731 1,476 7,131 4.83 aid among the colonists.”
The staple product is tobacco. Rice production is lim
ited to the amount needed to meet the needs of the colon
13. JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL VILLAGES. A few villages ists. A Japanese publication referred to successful opium
settled by Japanese farmers are found in Takao Province. poppy crops in the “experimental tobacco farms,” which
Data are available on three villages that were established raises a doubt concerning the nature of the crops under
in 1935 and 1936 on land reclaimed by the flood-control the supervision of these Japanese settlers.
project on the Shimo-Tamsui River. Hinode-mura is in If the following figures are accurate, they offer inter
Takagi-sho, Heito-gun; Chitoshi-mura is “near Toko”; esting information on the value of different crops per ko
and Takiwa-mura is “along the Buraku River.” Hinode of land.

Table 24: Area of crops, volume of production, and value,

1939.

(Hinode, Chitose, and Tokiwa settlements)

Hinode-mura Chitose-mura Tokiwa-mura

Area Value – Area Value Area

of of : of of of
crop crop Produc- rrop crop Produc- crop Value Produc
in ko in ven tion in ko in ven tion in ko in wen tion

kg. kg.
Tobacco . . . . . . . . . 32.68 67,910 51,705 131.13 304,535 230,113 84.65 192,155 147,562
kin kin
Wet-field rice ... 22.50 7,280 91,000 46.7 8,381 104,765 11.9 1,794 22,800
Sugar cane . . . . . . 40.0 16,000 400,000 0. 0. 0 0 0. 0
Sweet potato .... 10.0 1,172 119,200 35.5 2,840 284,000 32.6 3,480 348,000
Vegetable . . 3.0 1,200 30,000 4.8 1,440 38,000 2.5 975 25,000
Others - - - - - - - - - - 3.0 128 - 3.6 141 - 3.6 262 -

13
3. Scenes on a sugar plantation: a tractor at work, varieties of sugarcane, Formosan-Chinese cutting cane

14
 4. Sugarcane.

5. Pineapple fields.
 III. MARINE PRODUCTS
1. GENERAL state MENT. The value of marine products
in Taiwan rose from ¥8,904,778 in 1919 to ¥23,554,607
in 1938. The 1938 total was divided into ¥15,670,812
from fishing, #5,525,265 from fish cultivation, and
¥2,358,530 from manufactured fish products. About 40
per cent of Taiwan's marine products come from Takao
Province.
In spite of extensive efforts by the Government-General
and by the provincial governments, the fishing resources
have not been exploited sufficiently to provide all the
island's requirements, for imports of salted and dried
fish, chiefly from Japan, are larger than exports of fresh
fish.
In 1938 there were reported to be 10,000 fishing boats
in operation in Taiwan waters. Of these about 1,000 were
power vessels. The number of power vessels was steadily
increasing, but since the war the Japanese have taken
over a number of fishing boats for military purposes. It
was reported that 811 boats were so taken from 1937 to
1942. Two whaling vessels operated from Daibanretsu
at the southern tip of the island and had an annual catch
of 20 to 50 whales. Many rafts and small boats are used
for fishing close inshore. River mouths capable of shel
tering such small craft are indicated on Figure 2, Takao
Province, rivers, streams, and harbors, page 2.
The area of fresh and salt water fish farms in Taiwan
has been estimated at over 29,000 ko. Tables three and
four (page 4) show the extent of fish-culture land in
Takao Province.
In 1938 there were 41 organized fishing companies in
Taiwan, 30 of which were Japanese and 11, Formosan
Chinese. A merger of 11 fishing companies with aquatic
products companies in Japan was reported in 1943. The
company thus formed was called the South Japan Fishing
Control Company, capitalized at ¥50,000,000. Only firms
owning boats of 50 tons or over could qualify as members.
A list of the known fishing firms in Takao Province is
found in Section V, 13, page 32.
The Government-General regulates the fishing indus
try in great detail. It has given subsidies to encourage
fishing companies and has contributed to repair costs for
fishing vessels. It provides a ship to report by radio to
Takao when and where fish runs are discovered, a special
station in Takao repeating the signals by radio-telephone
to fishing boats at sea. A marine experimental station
is maintained at Takao City, together with an experi
mental fishing vessel, the Takao Maru.
2. FISHING INDUSTRY AT TAKAo city. A 1929 report on
the fishing industry at Takao City gives some details
which can be summarized as follows:
a. Eactent of fishing. Fish transactions in the Takao fish
market increased steadily in value from ¥315,050 in 1919
to ¥1,781,721 in 1928. (In 1933 the value of marine
16
products was $2,600,000). Some 160 boats were engaged
in net fishing from Takao in 1928. The catch included
480,568 kam of tunny valued at #712,276; 256, 728 kam
of sword-fish valued at ¥419,341; and 318,664 kam of
sharks valued at ¥178,866. 1 kan equals 8.27 pounds.)
b. Fishing season for important varieties of fish.
(1) Swordfish. (a) Kurokawa (Black-skin). The year
around. Most abundant in January and February. The
fishing ground is about 7 or 8 miles southwest of Takao.
(b) Basho-Kajiki (Banana swordfish). From April to
July. Most abundant in May or June. The fishing ground
is 50 or 60 miles southwest of (Sho) Ryukyu Island.
(2). Tunny. (a) Kiwada (Tunny). The year around.
Most abundant in November, December, April, May,
June. The fishing ground is 70 or 80 miles southwest of
(Sho) Ryukyu Island as well as off-shore from Manila.
(b) Mebachi. From April to June. Fishing ground is
150 miles southeast of Takao.
(3) Shark. (a) Hiragashira (Flat-head shark). Sea
son: January to April.
(b) Hirozame (Wide shark?). Season: the year around.
(c) Onagasame (Long-tail shark?). Season: October
to April.
(d) Shumokusame (Hammer-head shark). Season:
October to April.
(e) Yoshikiri. Season: January to April.
c. Fishing boats and crews. Boats of from 10 to 25
horsepower make one-day fishing trips; 30 to 35 horse
power, 7 to 12 days; 40 to 60 horsepower, 10 to 14 days;
80 horsepower and over, 15 to 18 days. Records are avail
able of three very active fishing boats, one of 11 tons
and 15 horsepower, which made 82 trips during 1928;
another of 17 tons and 25 horsepower which made 38
trips, and a third of 25 tons and 50 horsepower which
made 29 trips during the year. The smallest ship had a
total catch valued at ¥14,322; the next larger, Y22,731;
and the largest, #28,177.
With some variations, the owner of the boat receives
55 per cent of the net proceeds from the sale of the catch.
The other 45 per cent is divided among the crew, the
captain and the chief engineer each receiving 1% man's
share. The net proceeds are determined by deducting
expenses for food, ice, oil, bait, fees, and other running
expenses and, in addition, 10 per cent of the gross re
ceipts. Out of the 10 per cent, 7 per cent is used for
fish-market service fees, 1 per cent is used as a fish
association fee, and 2 per cent is placed in a sinking
fund. From the sinking fund and fish market fees the
owner of the boat receives a “cut” of 1 per cent. In one
nine-man crew, the captain and chief engineer had a
total income in one year of ¥1,085.62; the crew members,
Y723.75.
 6. Pulling in a fishing net on the beach of Daibanretsu Bay.

7. Bringing a whale ashore at the Daibanretsu whaling station.

17
 IV. TRANSPORTATION

1. GENERAL STATEMENT. Transportation facilities in Table 25: Distances from Takao City to stations on the
main line.
Takao Province are poor. Service on the railroads is
slow, automobiles are few, and the many streams, subject
Distance from the
to flash floods, constitute a continual hazard to the dirt Station Takao City station,

and gravel roads.

Taiko (at Eigo) . .. . . ... .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .... . . .. . ... 19.9
Rochiku . .. .. . . . .. . . ... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 18.0

2. RAILROADS. Okayama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4

Kyoshito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0
Nanshi . . . .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. 4
a. General Statement. Government railroad lines, sugar Kyujo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1
company railroad lines (a portion of whose track is open Ta-machi (Den-cho) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5
Yamashita-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 0.9
for public business), and private pushcar lines (daisha), Takao City main station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0

some of them owned by the sugar companies, are in oper Sankaiseki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 1.7
Hozan . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8
ation in Taiwan and in Takao Province. With minor
Kosho . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 8.1

exceptions, the government lines are of 3'6" gauge, the Kyukyokudo . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. .. ..... ..... .. 10.8
Rokkaiseki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9
private railroad lines 2'6", and the pushcar lines 18" or Heito City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 15.3
20" gauge. In 1938 the government lines in Taiwan totaled Saisei . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 20.0
Takeda . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . ... . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 22.2
approximately 650 miles, including about 95 miles of Choshu . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . 24.8
double-tracking. In addition, there were 200 miles of Keishu . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . . . 29.2
Kato (about) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 40.0
yard tracks, sidings and crossing loops. The private - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44.0

railroads were said to total 1,562 miles, of which 1,245

miles were for the exclusive use of the sugar companies.
The pushcar lines were said to total 645 miles. The
figure for the private railroads includes sugar-company
pushcar lines.
Passenger cars on the government lines have a capacity
of 30 first-class, 48 second-class, or 76 third-class fares.
The freight cars have a capacity of 10 to 20 tons.
In Taiwan, about 1940, there were 200-400 steam loco
motives, 24 gasoline-powered combination freight and
passenger cars, 6 steam-powered freight and passenger
cars, 8,000-12,000 freight cars, and 60 refrigerated cars.
The first-class fare from Takao to Taihokou, a distance
of 252 miles, was #16.40; the second class, A11.35; and
the third class, Y6.41.
b. Government limes. The double-tracked government
line runs from Tainan City on the north to Takao City,
a distance of 29 miles. From Takao City the line runs
east and south to Boryo, a distance of about 44 miles,
and is double-tracked between Takao and Heito. This line
was extended from Keishu to Boryo about 1940. The
Japanese have proposed to extend the line to Koshun.
From north to south the Takao Province stations on
the line, and the distances from Takao City are as follows:
18
A branch of the government line was planned to run
from a little south of Keishu to Rimpen, but it is uncer
tain whether this was completed. It is also uncertain,
but it is probable, that a branch runs along the coast from
Kato to Toko and replaces the pushcar line which was
in existence.
c. Sugar-company railroads. The Taiwan Sugar Com
pany operates three railroad lines in Takao Province, one
from Heito to Toko; another from Hozan to Rinshihen,
near Senbi on the coast; and a third from Hozan to
Kominato, on the Takao City lagoon. These are the only
private railroads known to exist in the province. It is
possible that the pushcar line from Heito to Naiho and
the line from Kyukyokudo north to Kizan have been
transformed into railway lines under the pressure of
war conditions.
d. Push car limes. Nearly all of the pushcar lines in
Takao Province seem to be operated by the Taiwan Sugar
Company. All the known lines are shown on Figure 3.
Takao Province, communications, page 19, with the ex
ception of one from Choshu to Boryo which may have
been discontinued when the government railroad was
extended to Boryo. There is some question whether the
pushcar line from Heito to Riko continues to Rokki, as
shown in Figure 3.
 TAKAO PROVINCE
CONMMUNICATIONS
(TAlwan)
stamoano GaGe. Ratu Road
-

FIGURE 3. Takao Province, communications.

19
3. AIRFIELDS. Because of its military importance and
the fact that Takao has the best weather conditions in
the island for air traffic, the province has many airfields.
Those known to be in existence are at Garambi, Heito,
Keishu (also known as Chishu airfield), Koshun, Kotosho,
Midako, Okayama, Reigaryo, Riko, Shajo, Suiteiryo
(Boryo) and Toko (Kato). Midako and Reigaryo are
airplane and seaplane bases. Toko is a seaplane base.
4. RoADS AND AUtomobiLEs. The main highway which
enters from Tainan Province and runs through Takao
City to Heito is maintained by the Government-General.
It is known to be paved (asphalt) from Takao to Hozan
and probably has been paved as far as Heito. The highway
continues southeast to Garambi at the tip of the island.
The Government-General operates a bus service along
this highway as far south as Choshu and private auto
mobile transportation companies serve the area south of
Choshu. A road from Fuko on the west coast in Choshu
gun to Daibu on the east coast is reported as completed,
but this is not certain.
In 1937 there were 96 passenger automobiles, 45 motor
cycles, 115 trucks and 58 busses in Takao Province. The
number of vehicles is presumed to have increased greatly
during the expansion of industrial and military activity.
5. WATER TRANsportAtion. In 1937 ships subsidized by
the Government-General sailed twice a month from
Keelung along the east coast to Takao, stopping at Suo,
Karenko, Taito and Daibanretsu (and occasionally at
Shinko, Koshoto and Kotosho). Ships from Keelung to
Takao, stopping at Mako, sailed twice a month along the
8. Garambi radio station.
20
west coast. The distance from Keelung to Takao along
the west is 224 nautical miles; from Takao to Mako, 54;
from Takao to Anpin, 26; and from Takao to Daiban
retsu, 56 nautical miles.
The Takao-Canton line connected Takao with South
China. Ships sailed every two weeks and stops were made
at Hongkong, Swatow and Amoy. The Takao-Tientsin
line connected Takao and North China with three trips
a month by three steamers.
A Government-General customs office is at Takao City,
and under this office customs posts were maintained at
Toko, Boryo, Shajo and Daibanretsu.
Irregular motor-boat service was maintained in the
Takao lagoon, and between Takao and Toko, Toko and
Sho Ryukyu Island, and probably elsewhere. The rivers
cannot be used for transportation on account of their
shallowness in dry weather and their turbulence during
the rainy season.
6. RICKSHAWs. Rickshaws operate in the cities and some
of the larger towns.
7. LIGHTHOUSES AND METEOROLOGICAL observatories.
The Traffic Bureau of the Government-General maintains
lighthouses at Kigo (Takao City), and at Garambi. A
third lighthouse is at Kaiko.
The Government-General meteorological observatory
maintains meteorological stations at Takao City and
Koshun. Rainfall stations are at Magatun, Gani, Rono,
Kosen, Shini, Chuun, Kizen, Shinsui, Tokubun, Heito,
Hozan, Kuwarusu, Sekizan, Raisha, Bongari, Toko,
Naishito, Bozan, and Botansha.
 9. Shijukei hot springs, Koshun-gun. -

10. Kyukyokudo railway bridge over the Shimo-tamsui

River between Hozan and Heito.

21
 ... i - A -- ºr
- - - - - - - - ---------------
---

||||

11. Catholic church and adjacent bridge, looking toward

Reigaryo industrial area, Takao. The bridge is believed
to have been replaced by a concrete structure.

will
wº i.

12. The main road north of Koshun.

22
 - -

º--> ---------
-

13. Confucian temple on the road between Koshun and

Koryu.

14. Heito railroad station.

23
 Headquarters
Forces
Air
Army
Heito.
at

Japanese
15.

º:
 V. INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, AND FINANCIAL FIRMS
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. Takao has become Taiwan's
leading industrial city in recent years as Japan prepared
for war and for expansion of her interests in the “south
ern regions.” There is very little industrial activity else
where in Takao Province. The sugar mills and the can
neries located near the fields constitute an exception, as
do the oil fields at Koshun and Kosensho. The output of
these two fields is not known but probably is not large
because the total estimated production in 1938 of gasoline,
kerosene, fuel oil and lubricating oil from the six oil
fields of Taiwan was only about 2,250,000 gallons.
a. Corporate organization. According to Japanese cor
poration law, business organizations are classified into
three categories:
(1) Gomei kaisha. General partnerships with unlimited
liability. Usually composed of a few related individuals.
(2) Goshi kaisha. Joint-stock partnerships with limited
liability. The shares usually are held by a close group
of individuals.
(3) Kabushiki kaisha. Joint-stock corporations with
limited liability. The shares usually are widely dis
tributed.
b. Monopoly-bureau offices. The monopoly bureau of the
Government-General maintains four branches in Takao
Province at Takao-shi; Heito-shi; Kizan-gun, Rokki-sho;
and Okayama-gun, Mida-sho, Ujurin. The monopoly
products are opium, tobacco, salt, camphor and liquor.
c. List of firms. The following list classifies the firms
under very general headings, each business enterprise
being listed but once. Many of the firms perform a variety
of functions and have a variety of facilities, but infor
mation at present is not sufficient to classify the firms
under such functions and facilities.

2. LARGE MULTI-FUNCTIONAL FIRMs. (not classified elsewhere).

Mitsui Bussan
Kabushiki Kaisha
(Mitsui Products Co., Ltd.)
Mitsubishi Shoji K. K.
(Mitsubishi Trading Co., Ltd.)
Takao-shi General merchandise, transportation, shipbuilding, saw
Shinhama-cho mills, rice, etc.
1-chome Headquarters: Japan.
51 banchi Founded: October 1909.
Capital: #100,000,000.
Branch manager: IKEDA. Takuichi
- Takao-shi General merchandise, exporters, manufacturers, rice,
Horio-cho etc.
3-chomo Headquarters: Marunouchi, Tokyo, Japan.
32 banchi

Sugihara Samgyo K. K. Takao-shi Manufacturers and dealers in fats and oils, chemicals,
(Sugihara Industrial Co., Ltd.) Minata-cho rice, cement, machinery, etc.
1-chomo Main Taiwan office in Taihoku.
14 banchi

Taiwan Takushoku K. K. Takao-shi Official agency for many activities.

(Taiwan Development Co., Ltd.) Etei-cho
2-chomo
1 banchi

Chin Chuwa Bussam K. K. Takao-shi Agricultural products, real estate, rice polishing, ex
(Chin Chuwa Products Co., Ltd.) Roigaryo, 139 porting, financing.
Founded: March 1922.
Capital: Y1,200,000.
President: CHIN Koinan.
Managing director: CHIN Koisoi.
Director: CHIN, Keisen

3. FIRMS NOT OTHERWISE LISTED.

Eiho Shoton Takao-shi Wholesalers, sugar, fertilizer, grain, flour.

(Eiho Stores) Minato-cho Founded: August 1934.
1-chomo Capital: Y1,000,000.
21 banchi
Eiwa Shoko Takao-shi Sugar, wheat, fertilizer.
(Eiwa Trading Co.) Minato-cho Founded: March 1940
2-chomo Capital: $110,000
20 bachi

Fuji Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi (Activity unknown).

(Fuji Industries Co., Ltd.) Sakao-cho Founded: October 1936.
2-chomo Capital: $100,000.
12 banchi

Shinwasho K. K. Takao-shi Cotton, silk, wool, clothes.

(Shinwasho Co., Ltd.) Entei-cho Founded: December 1937.
1-chomo Capital: Y200,000.
13 banchi

Shunki Shokai K. K. Takao-shi Metals, glass, hemp thread, hemp bags.

(Shunki Co., Ltd.) Entei-cho Founded: January 1938.
1-chomo Capital: Y320,000.
13 banchi

South District Traders' Association Takao-shi Dealers guild.

Shinhama-cho
1-chomo

Sugihara Plant Takao-shi Produces oil from sesame seeds.

Taiwan Chikusan Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Livestock, canned foods, etc.

(Taiwan Livestock Industries Ltd.) Reigaryo
(8 acres)

Taiwan Shimminpo K. K. Takao-shi Newspaper, type, fonts.

(Taiwan Shimminpo Co., Ltd.) Head Office: Taihokushi.
Founded: January 1929.
Capital: Y362,500.
Taiwna Soko Kaisha Takao-shi Warehousing.
(Taiwan Warehouse Co.) Shinhama-cho Offices in Taihoku and Keelung.
3-chome
15 banchi

Takao Etsuchi Shotem Takao-shi Retail general merchandise.

(Takao Etsuchi Stores) Shinhama-cho Founded: December 1938.
Capital: Y190,000.

Takao Zakko K. K. Takao-shi General merchandise.

(Takao General Horie-cho Founded: March 1934,
Merchandise Co., Ltd.) 4-chome Capital: Y200,000.
42 banchi
Toa Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Glass.
(Toe Glass Industries Co., Ltd.) Naii, 216 Founded: June 1937.
Capital: $100,000.

Heito Kogyo K. K. Heito-gun Milk, farms, livestock.

(Heito Industries Co., Ltd.) Heito-shi Founded: January 1938.
Kaiho, 552 Capital: $100,000.

Taiwan Kohi K. K. Heito-gun Coffee and tea plantations.

(Taiwan Coffee Co., Ltd.) Hon-machi Founded: November 1939.
2-chome Capital: Y150,000.
89 banchi

Ona Kogyo K. K. Heito-gun Agriculture, fruits, fibers, steel.

(Ona Industries Ltd.) Takagi-sho Founded: August 1927.
Denshi Capital: #1,000,000.
26
Hozam Shokuhin Kogyo K. K. Kozam-gun Agricultural products cultivated, cans, bottles.
(Hozan Food Products Hozam-gai Founded: December 1939.
Industries Ltd.) Shinshoshi Capital: $160,000.

Taisei Bussam K. K. Hozan-gun Agriculture, forest products, livestock. -

(Taisei Products Co., Ltd.) Hozam-gai Founded: January 1940.

Hozam Capital: Y100,000.

Kosan Noji K. K. Mino-sho Agriculture, cement, land.

(Kosan Agricultural Co., Ltd.) Kizam-gun Founded: July 1938.
Capital: #130,000.

Sei I K. K. Okayama-gum A me (if soft, is like corn syrup; if hard, is a hard

(A me Mfg. Co., Ltd.) candy).
Founded: April 1937.
Capital: #500,000. -

Ujurim Seien K. K. Okayama-gum Primarily industrial salt.

(Ujurin Salt Co., Ltd.) Mida-sho Founded: September 1923.
- Ujurin Capital: $300,000.
President: CHIN, Keiter; home address: Takao-shi,
Reigaryo, 88.

4. ALUMINUM.

Nihom Aluminum K. K. Takao-shi Head office: Tokyo, Japan.

(Japan Aluminum Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo Founded: June 1935.
(about 240 Capital: $10,000,000 or ¥25,000,000.
acres) Taiwan manager: KODA Yutaka.

An aluminum plant was built in 1936-37 by a com
bination of the Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, Yasuda,
and Furukawa interests. German technicians were em
ployed. Another plant at Karenko, completed in 1940
by the same interests, produced 10,000 tons of aluminum
in 1943.
The Takao plant has an estimated capacity of 12,000
metric tons of aluminum and 24,000 metric tons of
alumina per year. Actual production of aluminum was
estimated to be 10,000 metric tons in 1943, but no figure
is available for alumina production. In 1943 the plant
processed electrically about 48,000 tons of bauxite ore
which was imported from Bintan Island in the Dutch
East Indies. Other materials, used for 1943 production
were: 60,000 metric tons of coal; 1,500 metric tons of
fluorite; 6,600 metric tons of carbon electrodes; 372,
000,000 kilowatt hours of electrical energy. The Bayer
process is used. 16,000 metric tons of alumina were
shipped to Taiwan from Japan, 2,400 metric tons of
fluorite from Korea, and about 11,000 metric tons of
petroleum coke from Palembang, Sumatra. The electric
power comes from the power generators at Lake Jitsu
getsutan. Most of the company's freight is handled by
water.
The equipment of the plant consists of a main build
ing, 30 meters by 100 meters, housing the electrolytic
cells; a building containing mercury rectifiers; a repair
and machine shop; an alumina plant, 100 meters by 25
meters; a metal construction plant, used for making the
paste for Soderberg electrodes; and a bauxite stock
pile and storage bins.

5. AUTOMOBILES.

Chuo Jidosha K. K. Takao-shi Automobile and parts.

(Central Automobile Co., Ltd.) Entei-cho Founded: August 1935.
1-chome Capital: Y200,000.
5 banchi

Kokusan Jidosha K. K. Takao-shi A subsidiary of the Taiwan Development Co. It is un

(Kokusan Automobile Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo certain whether the auto plant was established in Takao
(25 acres) as planned.

Takao Kyoei Jidosha K. K. Takao-shi Buses, freight vehicles, repairs, parts of cars.
(Takao Kyoei Automobile Co., Ltd.) Eiraku-cho 2
6-chome
1.3 banchi
6. BANKS AND INVESTMENT ComPANIES.
branches existed in Takao Province. Two trust com
panies are known to exist, tyoether with an industrial
resources company which appears to be in the finance
business. A number of the larger firms which conduct
business in a wide variety of lines seem to include financ
ing as part of their business, but the nature of such
interests is not known. There are many cooperative asso
Sixteen bank serve as financial agencies for small interests. The names
of some of these are listed under “Cooperative Asso
ciations.”
In 1938 postal savings in Taiwan amounted to ¥34,838,
764 held by 905,321 depositors, of whom 510,725 were
Formosan-Chinese with deposits of ¥6,925,629. The in
terest rate in 1930 was 4.44 percent, in 1932, 3.24 percent
and in 1937, 3.12 percent. -

ciations which, according to the Nippon Chimei Daijiten, Banks and trust companies are located as follows:

a. Banks.

Taiwan Ginko (Bank of Taiwan—Branch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi, Minato-cho, Ichichome,

OTSUKI Yoshizo, Manager
Taiwan Shoko Ginko (Taiwan Commercial and Industrial Bank)................ Takao-shi, Shirahama-cho, 1-chome
Taiwan Shoko Ginko, Entei sub-branch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi, Entei-cho, 5-chome
Shoka Ginko (Shoka Bank) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi, Manato-cho, 2-chrome
Shoka Ginko, Higashi sub-branch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi, Entei-cho, 4-chome
Taiwan Cochiku Ginko (Taiwan Savings Bank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi, Entei-cho, 2-chome
Sanwa Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - Takao-shi, Shinhama-cho, 1-chrome
- - - - - - - - - - - -

Kanan Bank (China and Southern Bank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi, Reigaryo, 338

Nihon Ginko (Bank of Japan). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi, Entei-cho
Taiwan Ginko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Heito-gun, Heito-shi, Heito,
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

UJIKI Hibun, Manager

Taiwan Shoko Ginko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heito-gun, Heito-shi, Heito
Taiwan Shoko Ginko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Choshu-gun, Choshu-gai
Taiwan Shoko Ginko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hozan-gun, Hozam-gai
Taiwan Shoko Ginko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai
Taiwan Shoko Ginko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Okayama-gun
Taiwan Shoko Ginko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toko-gun, Toko-gai

b. Trust companies.

Takao Kogyo Shintaku K. K. (Takao Industrial Trust Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi, Emtei-cho, 5-chome, 4.3 banchi
Founded: July 1937
Capital: Y190,000
Heito Shintaku K. K. (Heito Trust Co., Ltd.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heito-shi, Kurogame-cho, 1-chome, 54-banchi
Founded: March 1920
Capital: #1,050,000
President: Ri Kaizan
(The same firm is listed also for Toko-gun, Bantan-sho)
Taiwan Samgyo Shigen K. K. (Taiwan Industrial Resources Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi
Taiwan Sangyo Shigen K. K. (Taiwan Industrial Resources Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heito-shi
Headquarters: Taihoku-shi
Founded: November 1934
Capital Y1,000,000
Satsugensho Sangyo K. K. (Satsugensho Industrial Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi
Founded: 1937
Capital: Y1,000,000
Yoshi Shoko K. K. (Yoshi Trading Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Takao-shi
Founded: 1937
Capital: $196,000

Taikan Shoji K. K. (Taikan Trading Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hozan-gun, Hozan-gai

Founded: 1930
Capital: Y100,000

Note: See under “Associations” for Credit Cooperatives.

28
7. BEVERAGES.

Toa Imryo K. K. Takao-shi Beverages

(Oriental Beverage Co., Ltd.) Entei-cho Founded: April 1936
1-chome Capital: Y100,000
12-banchi

Nihon Tamsam K. K. (Japan Carbonic Acid Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See under “Chemicals”
Taiwan Suisan K. K. (Taiwan Marine Products Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See under “Marine Products”
Taiwan Shusei K. K. (Taiwan Alcohol Mfg. Co., Ltd.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See under “Sugar and Alcohol”

8. BRICK AND TILE.

Kochito Shotem Takao-shi Brick and tile

(Kochito Stores) Yamashita-cho
4-chrome

Shigohatsu Shoko L L Takao-shi Brick and tile

(Shigohatsu Trading Co.) Ta-cho
4-chome
2 banchi

Taiwan Renga K. K. Takao-shi Headquarters: Taihoku-shi

Taiwan Brick Co., Ltd.) (plant at Heito also) Founded: July 1913
Capital: Y3,000,000
12 plants in the Island.

Koa Renga K. K. Takao-shi Founded: 1940

(Koa Brick Co., Ltd.) Saei-cho Capital: Y150,999
(a branch at
Okayama)

Takao-Remga K. K. Takao-shi Founded: January 1938

(Takao Brick Co., Ltd.) Naii-cho Capital: Y100,000

Taiwan Renga, K. K. Heito-gun (See above)

(Taiwan Brick Co., Ltd.) Heito-shi

Nambu Renga K. K. Hozan-gun Bricks, earthenware

(Nanbu Brick Co., Ltd.) Tairyo-sho Founded: July 1936
Senshiyo 955 Capital: Y300,000

9. CEMENT

Asano * Takao-shi Head office: Tokyo, Japan

(Asano Portland Cement Co.) Ta-machi Founded: 1883
3-chome Capital: Y106,310,000
5 banchi Takao manager NITTA Masaki

The Asano company's plant is located 2,000 yards north
of Takao-shi, about 2.2 miles north-north-east of the har
bor mouth. It produced 9,000 bags of cement daily in
1938, each weighing about 50 kg. The plant covers an
area 3,000 by 2,300 feet. Facilities include a quarry; 3
buildings for the initial crushing of the material; a
building for storage of raw materials; a slurry and stor
age building, 270 by 250 feet; a filter building; 3 rotary
kilns 150 feet long with 15 foot diameters; 2 clinker dry
ing storage buildings, each 90 by 45 feet; a probable
centrifugal and tube mill building, 280 by 110 feet; 8
storage silos with diameters of 25 feet each; a packing
and shipping building 170 by 170 feet; and 9 miscellane
ous shop buildings. Across the road from the main plant
are 2 storage silos, 25 feet in diameter, and 3 storage
buildings of an average of 150 by 45 feet. The factory
has its own steam power plant with a capacity of 4,500
kw. Wharf and loading facilities in 1929 were 3,000
barrels per day.
A report dated March 24, 1944, stated that the Japan
ese army and navy were requesting cement supplies from
Taiwan. Cement production has been increased, it is re
ported. Most of the cement used in the island is produced
here.
In addition to the address given above, another source
gives the address as Yamashita-cho, 3-chrome, 5 banchi.
One of the addresses may be that of an office separate
from the plant.
10. CHEMICALS.

Asahi Demka Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Capital: Y5,000,000 probably increased in 1940 to

(Rising Sun Electro-Chemical Co., Riegaryo ¥10,000,000. Manufactures ferro-magnesium, using
Ltd.) (16 acres) as raw materials magnesite from Manchuria and
salt produced locally. Power furnished by Taiwan
Electric Power Co. Annual production of 1,500
metric tons of ferro-magnesium and some caustic
soda and chlorides. “Handles nickel production.”

Minami Nihon Kayaku Kogyo K. K.
(South Japan Chemical Industries
Co., Ltd.)
Takao-shi A half interest was owned by Japan Soda Co., and the
other half by the Taiwan Development Co., Taiwan
Electric Power Co., and the South Japan Salt Indus
try Co. In 1939 it was proceeding with plans for
production of ferro-magnesium and 16,000 tons of
caustic soda.
Capital: Y30,000,000.

Nihon Tamsam K. K. Takao-shi Liquefaction, carbonic acid, acid water. Founded: July
(Japan Carbonic Acid Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo, 200 1933. Capital: Y240,000.

Daimichi K. K. (Dainichi Co., Ltd.) Takao-shi Manufacturer of washing soap and toilet articles.
Irifume-cho Japanese corporation owned by Formosan-Chinese.
6-chome
2 banchi

Shiono Trading Co. Takao-shi Chemical concern.

Reigaryo
(5 acres)

Heito Seiyaku K. K. Heito-shi Drugs and medicines. Founded February, 1921.

(Heito Medicine Mfg. Co., Ltd.) Heito, 349 Capital: Y100,000.

[“An oxygen factory is reported at Takao.”]

Taiwan Jukogyo K. K. (Taiwan Heavy Industries Co. Ltd.) In December, 1938, plans were announced for an am
monium sulphate installation at Takao, but no details
are known. -

11. ELECTRIC Power. The Taiwin Electric Power Co.,
Ltd. (Taiwan Denryoku K. K.) in 1938 had the capacity
to generate 200,000 kilowatts of the 225,000 kilowatts
total capacity for Taiwan. The principal source of its
power was the Jitsugetsutan plants; which in 1940 pro
duced over half the power used in the island. Power
from these plants is transmitted to a substation at Takao
by means of a 150,000-volt transmission line 116 miles in
length. The company has 28 acres in the Reigaryo dis
trict of the city. The largest consumer of electricity in
Taiwan was the Japan Aluminum Co. in Takao-shi, which
used 27,000 kilowatts.
a. Taiwan Electric Power Co.
(1) Takao Transformer Station
Importance: Southern terminus of power transmitted
from Jitsugetsutan development.
(2) Takao Steam Plant
Samkaisaku, Takao-shi, Takao-shu
Installed capacity, 13,000 kw., as of December, 1934.
Plant completed in May, 1923, with No. 1 unit of 1,000
kw.; No. 2 unit of 2,000 kw, added in December, 1927;
No. unit of 10,000 kw, added in January, 1931.
Plant 3 stories high with 1 chimney and 2 smokestacks.
Boilers: Units Nos. 1 and 2–2 of B & W type, 14 kilo
grams per square centimeter, 332 square meters, B & W
make.

Location: Takao-shi.
Installed Capacity (in kva) : 113,000 as of December,
1940.
Equipment: Transformers—9 at 7,000 kva, 1ph, 140/11
kva, D-D conn, water-cooled, GE-make, 1 at 50,000 kw,
3-ph, self-cooled, Shibaura-make, Phase advancers—2
at 15,000 kva, synchronous type, 900 rpm, Shibaura
make.
30
Unit No. 3–2 of B & W type, 24.6 kilograms per square
centimeter, 592.25 square meters, B & W make.
Turbines: Unit No. 1–1 at 1,000 kw., impulse-type,
horizontal-shaft, GE make.
Unit No. 2–1 at 2,000 kw., Zoolly type, horizontal
shaft, EW make.
Unit No. 3–1 at 10,000 kw., Curtis type, horizontal
shaft, AEG make.
Generators: Unit No. 1–1 at 1,250 kilovolt-amperes,
3-phase, 2,300 volts, 3,600 revolutions per minute, 60
cycles, GE make.
Unit No. 2–1 at 2,500 kilovolt-amperes, 3-phase, 3,300
volts, 3,600 revolutions per minute, 60 cycles, SS make.
Unit No. 3–1 at 12,500 kilovolt-amperes, 3-phase,
11,500 and 10,500 volts, 3,600 revolutions per minute,
60 cycles, AEG make.
Capacity commonly in use, 3,100 kw., as of June, 1939.
Source of power believed to be Shimotamsui-kei.
In operation as early as December, 1934, and as recently
as June, 1940.
b. Asamo Cement Co.
Takao Steam Plant

Transformers—4 at 1,800 kilovolt-amperes, 3-phase, 3.3, Dem-cho, 3-chrome, Takao-shi, Takao-shu; approximately
2.2/19.94, 19.07, 18.2, 17.32 kilovolts, D-Y connection, 120° 16'30" N., 220° 38' E.
self-cooled, shell-type, Mitsubishi make. Installed capacity, 4,500 kw., as of 1939.
Other equipment—1 asynchronous phase advancer at Plant in operation as early as 1939 and as recently as
5,000 kilovolt-amperes, 3,300 volts, 900 revolutions per March, 1940.
minute, 60 cycles, Shibaura make; 2 surface condens Uses waste gas from cement kilns for fuel. º
ers; 4 superheaters, including 2 at 157.92 square Boilers—unknown number of Edgemoor water-tube type.
meters and 2 at 51.1 square meters: compartment
Turbines—1 at 1,000 kw., Parsons type, additional units
chain-grate stokers; 4 economizers; 3 exciters, includ
in operation."
ing 1 at 70 kw., 1 at 18.5 kw., and 1 at 13.5 kw.
Generators—1 at 1,000 kw., 3-phase; additional units in
(3) Hydroelectric Plant operation.
Near Riko, Heito-gun, approximately 22° 45' N., 120°
30° W. c. Takao-shi
Capacity commonly in use, 1,950 kw., as of June, 1939. Apparently there is a city-owned generating plant.
Source of power believed to be Shimotamsui-koi. Capacity: 120 kw.
In operation as early as December, 1934, and as recently
d. Koshun Denki K. K. (Koshun Electric Co., Ltd.)
as June, 1940.
Takao-shu, Koshun-gun, Koshun-sho
(4) Hydroelectric Plant Founded: August, 1923.
Chikushimon, in the southeastern part of Mino-sho, Capital: Y100,000.
Kizan-gun. Capacity: 50 kw.

12. ExPORTERS, IMPORTERS AND COMMISSION AGENTs.

Abe-Ko Shotem Takao-shi Exporters, importers, sugar exporters.
(Abe-Ko Stores) Shinhama-cho “Taiwan office.”
1-chome
62 banchi

Hongkong Sameki Koshi Shinhama-cho Exporters, importers, commission agents.

- 1-chome
(Hongkong Saneki Co.) Takao-shi
63 banchi
Kochito Shotem Takao-shi Cement (?) exporters.
(Kochito Stores) Yamashita-cho
4-chome
14 banchi
Kokusai Umyu Gumi K. K. Takao-shi Landing, shipping, stevedores and forwarding agents.
(Kokusai Transportation Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho
3-chome
4 banchi
Kosei Shoko Takao-shi Exporters, importers, commission agents; alcohol
(Kosei Trading Co.) Mimato-cho (syrup) exporters.
1-chome
21 banchi
Kyoe Unyu Gumi Goshi Kaisha Takao-shi Landing, shipping, stevedores and forwarding agents.
(Kyoe Transportation Co.) Shimhama-cho
1-chome
46 banchi
Okki Bussan K. K. Takao-shi Import and export of farmers' necessities and agri
(Okki Products Co., Ltd.) Zenkin 348 cultural products.
Founded: August 1938. Capital: Y400,000.
31
Shigohatsu Shoko Takao-shi Cement (?) exporters.
(Shigohatsu Trading Co.) Ta-cho
4-chome
2 banchi
Shiman Koshi Takao-shi Exporters, importers, commission agents; alcohol
(Shinan Co.) Kigo-cho syrup exporters.
5-chome
4 banchi
Shimgiko Shoko Takao-shi General merchandise, exporters.
(Shingiko Trading Co.) Kogo-cho
5-chome
6 banchi
Showa Shokai Takao-shi Exporters, importers, sugar.
& (Showa Co.) Shimhama-cho “Taiwan office.”
3-chome
15 banchi

Taiwan Boeki K. K. Takao-shi South China, South Pacific trade.

(Taiwan Trading Co., Ltd) Shinhama-cho Founded: December 1938. Capital: Y100,000.
1-chome
1 banchi
Taiwan Soko K. K. Takao-shi Exporters, importers.
(Taiwan Warehouse Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho
3-chome
15 banchi
Takao Seiton Yushutsu Goshi Kaisha Takao-shi Exporters, importers, agents.
(Takao Seiton Exporting Co.) Horie-cho
1-chome
6 banchi
Togen Shoko Takao-shi Exporters, importers, agents, alcohol syrup exporters.
(Togen Trading Co.) Kigo-cho
5-chome
1 banchi
Towa Shoko Takao-shi Exporters, importers, agents.
(Towa Trading Co.) Kigo-cho
2-chome
.39 banchi
Wahatsu Koshi Takao-shi Exporters, importers, agents.
(Wahatsu Co.) Kigo-cho
5-chome
12 banchi

13. FISHING.

Hayashi-Kane Shoten K. K. Takao-shi Marine products, fishery manufacture, pisciculture,

(Hayashi-Kane Stores Co.) Mimato-cho cold storage, etc.
2-chome Head office: Shimonoseki, Japan.
28 banchi Founded: September 1924. Capital: Y3,000,000.
Taiwan branch manager: KATO Heikichi.
Kaiyo Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Marine products, fishing, land cultivation.
(Sea Industries Co.) Mina to-cho Founded: May 1936. Capital : Y 100,000 or Y300,000.
2-chome
9 banchi
(head office)
Nihon Suisan K. K. Takao-shi Marine products.
(Japan Marine Products Co.) Shinh ama-cho Head office: Tokyo. Capital : Y91,500,000.
3-chome
24 banchi

Takao Chuo Oroshi-Shijo Takao-shi Marine products.

(Takao Central Wholesale Market Co.) Kita no-cho

32
Takao Uo-Ichi K. K. Takao-shi Marine products, commission merchants for fish and
(Takao Fish Market Co.) Shinhama-cho fuel oil, financiers for fishing enterprises.
2-chome Founded: March 1926. Capital: $50,000.
10 banchi
Takuman Gyogyo K. K. Takao-shi Marine products.
(Takunan Fishing Industries Co., Ltd.) Mimato-cho Founded: December 1939. Capital: $750,000.
2-chome
9 banchi
Takuyo Suisan K. K. Takao-shi Operates fisheries at Takao. Subsidiary of Taiwan
(Takuyo Aquatic Products Co., Ltd.) Takushoku K. K.
Toko Yoshoku Goshi Kaisha Toko-gun Fish culture.
(Toko Harbor Cultivation Co., Ltd.) Toko-gai Founded: January 1925. Capital: $100,000.
Nanpei 2
Taiwan Suisan Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Marine products, refrigerated beverages.
(Taiwan Marine Products Co.) Mimato-cho Founded: December 1939. Capital: Y750,000.
4-chome
9 banchi

14. FERTILIZER COMPANIES.

Fujita Tohaku Seizo K. K. Takao-shi Bean fertilizer, beans.

(Fujita Bean Fertilizer Control Zenkin 330 Founded: October 1917. Capital: Y500,000.
Co., Ltd.)
Kemgen Shoko K. K. Takao-shi Fertilizers, grains.
(Kengen Trading Co., Ltd.) Mimato-cho Founded: May 1938. Capital: Y100,000.
1-chome
24 banchi

Namryu Shoko K. K. Takao-shi Fertilizers, agricultural products, sugar.

(Nanryu Trading Co., Ltd.) Mimata-cho Founded: March 1934. Capital: Y200,000.
2-chome
24-banchi
Taiwan Hiryo K. K. Takao-shi This company is reported to have factories at Kee
(Taiwan Fertilizer Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo lung and Takao, with a yearly productive capacity
(17 acres) of 70,000 tons of compound fertilizers, 15,000 tons
of pure sulphuric acid, and 27,000 tons of super
phosphoric acid.
Taiwan Hiryo Yunyusho Dogyo Kumiai Takao-shi Dealers association.
(Taiwan Fertilizer Exporters and Shimhama-cho
Importers Association) 1-chome
63 banchi
Taiwan Seihi K. K. Takao-shi Manufacturers, importers and dealers in mixed fer
(Taiwan Fertilizer Mfg. Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho tilizers.
1-chome
36 banchi
Taiwan Tohaku Seizo K. K. Takao-shi . Bean fertilizer, beans.
(Taiwan Bean-Fertilizer Manufac Zenkin 330 Founded: April 1930. Capital: Y200,000.
turing Co., Ltd.)

15. FRUITS AND VEGETABLEs.

Chinsei Shoten Takao-shi Canned-pineapple merchants.

(Chinsei Stores) Yamashita-cho Formosan-Chinese.
1-chome
16 banchi

Kyowa Bussan K. K. Takao-shi Fresh fruits, vegetables; exporters.

(Kyowa Products Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho Founded: July 1933. Capital : Y 100,000.
1-chome
49 banchi

33
Nambu Seika K. K. Takao-shi Fruit exporters.
(Nanbu Fruit Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho
1-chome
49 banchi
Shimko Seikasha Takao-shi Canned pineapple merchants.
(Shinko Fruit Mfg. Co.) Yamashita-cho
1-chome
17 banchi

Takao Chuo Ichiba K. K. Takao-shi Fish, vegetables, fruits, livestock, etc. sold on credit.
(Takao Central City Market Kitamo-cho Founded: March 1933. Capital: V200,000.
Co., Ltd.) 3-chome
6 banchi

Takao Chuo Oroshi-Shijo K. K. Takao-shi Commission merchants for fish, vegetables, fruits,
(Takao Central Wholesale Market Kitamo-cho meats, eggs and other provisions.
Co., Ltd.) 3-chome Founded: March 1929. -

3 banchi President: NAKABAYASHI Ichizo.

Managing Director: INA Tetsu.
Taiwan Godo Hori K. K. Takao-shi 77 pineapple canneries in the island. Almost all the
(Taiwan Consolidated Horie-cho pineapple concerns are under the management of
Pineapple Co., Ltd.) 5-chome this company.
1 banchi
(head office)
Takao-shi Founded: June 1935. Capital: YT,200,000 (paid up).
Reigaryo 41 President: KATSUDA Eikichi.
Managing directors: NABESHIMA Yudo, HOSHIN0
Naotaro.
Taiwan Pineapple Kanzume Gyo Kumiai Takao-shi Dealers guild.
(Taiwan Pineapple Canners Horie-cho
Association)
Takao Seika K. K. Takao-shi Fresh fruits sold on credit.
(Takao Fruit Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo 41 Founded: April 1932. Capital: Y300,000.
Taiwan Seika Dogyo Kumiai Rengokai Takao-shi Dealers association.
(Taiwan Fruit and Vegetable Shinhama-cho
Exporters and Importers 3-chome
Association) (1-chome?)
15 banchi
Takao Seika Dogyo Kumiai Takao-shi Dealers association.
(Takao Fruit and Vegetable Shinhama-cho
Dealers Guild) 3-chome
5 banchi
Toa Shokai Takao-shi Fruit exporters.
(Toa Co.) Mimato-cho
2-chome
16 banchi
Yamaguchi Kudamomo-ten Takao-shi Canned pineapple merchants.
(Yamaguchi Fruit Stores) Entei-cho
1-chome
5 banchi
Zuitai Shoten Takao-shi Fruit exporters.
(Zuitai Stores) Entei-cho
3-chome
10 banchi
Choshu-gai Kyobai Ichiba K. K. Choshu-gun Vegetables, salt-dry fish, other food.
(Choshu-gai Wholesale Market Co., Choshu-gai Founded: June 1938. Capital: Y50,000.
Ltd.) Choshu 171
Takao Seika K. K. Choshu-gun Formosan-Chinese. President. RIN, Tokugyoku.
(Takao Fruit Co., Ltd.) Bamram-sho Founded: September 1932. Capital: Y300,000.
-
34
Taiwan Hori Kanzume K. K. Hozan-gun Pineapples, other canned fruit.
(Taiwan Pineapple Canning Co., Ltd.) Hozam-gai. Founded: March 1912. Capital: Y200,000.
Shinshoshi 92

16. ICE AND COLD storage.

Taiwan Reito Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Cold-storage plant.

(Taiwan Refrigeration Co., Ltd.) Irifune-cho Founded: December 1935. Capital: Y500,000.
6-chome
2 banchi

Taizam Seihyo K. K. Takao-shi Ice manufacturers.

(Taizan Ice Mfg. Co., Ltd.) Kigo-cho Founded: October 1931. Capital: $100,000.
3-chome
15 banchi

Takao Seihyo K. K. Takao-shi Ice manufacturers.

(Takao Ice Mfg. Co., Ltd.) Entei-cho Founded: February 1925. Capital: Y500,000.
2-chome
17 banchi

Takao Chuo Oroshi-Shijo K. K. Takao-shi General provisioning.

(Takao Central Wholesale Market, Kitamo-cho
Co., Ltd.) 3-chome
3 banchi

Heito Seihyo K. K. Heito-shi Ice manufacturers.

(Heito Ice Mfg. Co.) Kirai Founded: October 1921. Capital: Y100,000.
Kizam Seihyo K. K. Kizam-gun Ice manufacturers.
(Kizan Ice Mfg. Co., Ltd.) Kizam-gai Formosan-Chinese company.
Toko Seihyo K. K. Toko-gun Ice manufacturers.
(Toko Ice Mfg. Co., Ltd.) Toko-gai Founded: March 1930. Capital: Y100,000.

17. METALS, MACHINERY, ENGINEERING.

Kgoekisha K. K. Takao-shi Civil engineering, machines, electric works. Also in

(Mutual Benefit Co., Ltd.) Niihama-cho? Tainan-shi and Taihoku-shi.
1-chome Founded: February 1922. Capital: Y500,000.
55 banchi

Maruyama Electric Iron Experimental Established by the Government-General and the Taiwan Electric Co. in
Factory Taihoku-shi as a pioneer in iron and steel manufacture. Began operation
in June 1939. Additional works probably have been built at Takao or
Keelung.
Minami Nihon Kagaku Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Light metals.
(South Japan Chemical Industries, Horie-cho Founded: October 1939. Capital: Y15,000,000.
Ltd.) 1-chome
6 banchi

Nichiman Magnesium Co. Planned in 1938 to locate near Takao or Anpin.

Japan Soda Co. Planned in 1938 to locate near Takao or Anpin.

Obha Tekkosho Takao-shi Manufactures marine engines.
(Obha Iron Works) Entei-cho
1-chome
7 banchi

Otake K. K. Takao-shi Iron works.

(Otake Co., Ltd.) Horie-cho Founded: December 1938. Capital: Y150,000.
4-chome

Taiwan Daiichi Token Kogyo Takao-shi Civil engineering, supervision of projects.

(Taiwan Daiichi Civil Engineering Sakae Founded: March 1940. Capital: Y198,000.
Industries) 4-chome
18 banchi

35
Taiwan Nogu Seizo K. K. Takao-shi Machinery manufacture and repair.
(Taiwan Farm Machinery Mfg. Co., Mimato-cho?
Ltd.) 5-chome
3 banchi

Taiwan Tekkosho K. K. Takao-shi Two factories in Takao. One in Gishiko. Manufactures

(Taiwan Iron Works Co., Ltd.) Irifune-cho sugar plantation equipment and other machinery.
In 1936 it employed 348 men.
Founded: November 1919. Capital: Y2,000,000.
Taiwan Tessen K. K. Takao-shi Iron wire.
(Taiwan Iron Wire Co., Ltd.) Naii, 391 Founded: June 1937. - Capital: Y500,000.
Takao Shimko K. K. Takao-shi All metals sold.
(Takao Trade Promotion Co.) Samkaiseki Founded: August 1935. Capital: Y100,000.
4-chome
18 banchi

Takao Kogyo K. K. Takao-shi Civil engineering, construction, supervision; Paris

(Takao Industries Co., Ltd.) Horie-cho stone.
2-chome Founded: July 1937. Capital: Y100,000.
50 banchi

Takechi Tekkosho K. K. Takao-shi Iron.

(Takechi Iron Works Co., Ltd.) Irifune-cho Founded: October 1929. Capital: Y200,000.
5-chome
3 banchi

Yamamaka Shoten K. K. Takao-shi Machine tools, coal, coke, building materials.

(Yamanaka Stores Co.) Minato-cho Founded: April 1928. Capital: Y300,000.
2-chome
24 banchi

18. MINING, PETROLEUM, CoAL.

Maekawa Mining Co. Takao-shi Coal mining.
Reigaryo
(14 acres)

Japan Mining Co. Takao-shi Manufacture of phosphates -

Reigaryo
(105 acres)
Nihon Sekiyu K. K. Takao-shi The petroleum industry is subsidized by the Govern
(Japan Oil Co.) Reigaryo ment-General and operated under a virtual monop
(32 acres) oly of this company. Oil fields' in Takao Province
are at Koshun and Kosen-sho in Kizan-gun. These
two areas were designated as navy reserve areas.
Taishin Shoji K. K. Takao-shi Mining and refining of limestone.
(Taishin Trading Co., Ltd.) Yamashita-cho? Founded: June 1939. Capital: Y150,000.
3-chome
3 banchi

Takao Shoji K. K. Takao-shi Coal and coke sold and transported.

(Takao Trading Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho Founded: October 1919. Capital: Y300,000.
1-chome
27 banchi

Yamamaka Shoten G. K. (See under “Metals, Coal mining. A kerosene refinery, reported at Takao.
(Yamanaka Stores Co.) Machinery, may process petroleum from the navy's field at
Engineering”) Gyunikuzaki in Tainan Province.

19. REAL ESTATE.

Chin Chuwa Bussam K. K. Takao-shi Dealers in farm products, real estate and financing
(Chin Chuwa Products Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo 139
36
Daho Tochi K. K. Takao-shi Land cultivation. Buys and sells land.
(Daho Land Co.) Shinhama-cho Founded: July 1912. Capital: #500,000.
1-chome
º 1 banchi

Fukurim Sangyo K. K. Takao-shi Real-estate, land cultivation, autos.

(Fukurin Industrial Co., Ltd.) Horie-cho Founded: March 1939. Capital: $150,000.
4-chome
16 banchi

Jinchwwa Bussam K. K. Takao-shi Agricultural real estate.

(Jinchuwa Products Co., Ltd.) Sankaiseki Founded: March 1922. Capital: Y1,200,000.
Koto Tochi Kemchiku K. K. Takao-shi Real-estate buying and selling.
(Koto Land & Construction Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho Founded: June 1937. Capital: Y1,000,000.
1-chome
41 banchi
Rinka Bussam K. K. Takao-shi Real-estate.
(Rinka Products Co., Ltd.) Entei-cho Founded: May 1935. Capital: Y200,000.
5-chome
63-banchi
Torei Noba. K. K. Hozam-gun Farms.
(Torei Farms Co., Ltd.) Taiju-sho Founded: May 1929. Capital: Y300,000.
Keiho

Yamato Owa Shoki K. K. Heito-shi Real-estate.

(Yamato Trading Co., Ltd.) Hom-machi Founded: May 1938. Capital: Y100,000.
1-chome
13 banchi
Taiei Koshi K. K. Heito-shi Real-estate. “Selling goods”.
(Taiei Co., Ltd.) Kurogame-cho Founded: December 1938. Capital: Y150,000.
1-chome •
59 banchi
Satsugemshe Sangyo K. K. Takao-shi Real estate, circulation of money, investments.
(Satsugensho Industrial Co., Ltd.) Taiko 365 Founded: April 1937. Capital: $1,000,000.
Soa Zui Sangyo K. K. Takao-shi Land cultivation, real estate.
(Soa Zui Industrial Co., Ltd.) Chushw 28 Founded: September, 1935. Capital: Y300,000.
Suibi Tochi K. K. Takao-shi Land buying and selling, rice.
(Suibi Land Co., Ltd.) Kotobuki-cho 28 Founded: March, 1935. Capital: Y150,000.
Taiwan Fudosan K. K. Takao-shi Real estate.
(Taiwan Real Estate Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho Founded: December, 1938. Capital: #3,000,000.
1-chome
47 banchi
Takao Chisho K. K. Takao-shi Real-estate buying and selling, port-bay dredging.
(Takao Land Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho Founded: June, 1936. Capital: #600,000.
1-chome
27 banchi
Sango Koshi Nanryu Noba. K. K. Kizam-gun Farms.
(Sango Koshi Nango Farms Ltd.) Kizam-gai Founded: November, 1925. Capital: Y1,400,000.

20. RICE AND CEREALs.

Annan Shoko Takao-shi Cereal exporters.

(Annan Trading Co.) Mimato-cho
1-chome
Giryugo Takao-shi Rice merchants.
Kigo-cho
2-chome
Riko Shoko Takao-shi Cereal exporters.
(Riko Trading Co.) Mimato-cho
1-chome
21 banchi

37
 Takao Rice and Cereal Takao-shi Dealers' guild.
Dealers’ Association Shinhama-cho
1-chome
42 banchi
Li Trading Co. Heito-gun Formosan-Chinese rice merchants.
Bamran-sho

Okusho Seimeisho Hozan-gun Rice, fertilizers, grains.

(Okusho Rice Processing) Hozam-gai Founded: November, 1935. Capital: Y100,000.
Hozan

Sangisei Bussan K. K. Hozan-gun Rice, grains.

(Sangisei Products Co., Ltd.) Hozam-gai Founded: October, 1936. Capital: Y100,000.
Hozan 143
Sueko Shoko K. K. Okayama-gun Rice, grains, fertilizer.
(Sueko Trading Co., Ltd.) Nanshi-sho Founded: March, 1936. Capital: Y100,000.
Nanshi

21. SUGAR AND ALCOHOL.

Taiwan Seito K. K.
(Taiwan Sugar Co., Ltd.)
Taiwan Seito K. K.
(Taiwan Sugar Co., Ltd.)
Taiwan Seito K. K. , Hozan-gun
(Taiwan Sugar Co., Ltd.)
Taiwan Seito K. K.
(Taiwan Sugar Co., Ltd.)
Heito-gun Constructed 1910. Largest sugar mill in Taiwan, with
Heito-shi daily cane-crushing capacity of 3,000 tons. Daily
Ako -
alcohol capacity 5,712 gals. 1934. New dry-alcohol
(Head office plant erected, annual capacity 2,383,000 gals. Elec
Heito-shi tric power plant; coal and bagasse burned for fuel.
Kirai, 873) Railways extend 130.47 miles.
Hozan-gun Constructed 1910. Daily cane-crushing capacity of
Kominato-sho 1,000 tons. Railways extend 35.52 miles. Sugar con
Kohekirin tent 12.34 per cent. Employed 386 workers in 1935.
* Believed to produce industrial alcohol.
Shinko Sugar Co. mill reported merged with Taiwan
Tairyo-sho Sugar Co., in 1941. Constructed 1905. Daily cane
Sanchicho crushing capacity 952 tons. Believed to produce
alcohol. Railways extend 18.14 miles.
Kizam-gun Constructed 1911. Daily cane-crushing capacity 1,244
Kizam-gai tons. Own power plant. Believed to produce alcohol.
Kibi Railways extend 63.09 miles. Its sugar largely con
sumed in Taiwan.

Taiwan Seito K. K. Koshun-gun Constructed 1927. Daily cane-crushing capacity 392

Koshun-sho tons. Believed to produce alcohol.
Koshun

Taiwan Seito K. K. Okayama-gun Constructed 1902. Daily cane-crushing capacity of the

Taiwan Seito K. K.
Nanshi-sho two mills, 1,128 tons. Sugar content 12.54 per cent.
Kyoshito New absolute-alcohol plant with capacity of 1,600,
(2 mills) 000 gallons per year. Own power plant. Railways
extend 44.18 miles. These were first factories to in
stall equipment for production of absolute alcohol in
accord with 1937 plan for increasing output.
Toko-gun Constructed 1921. Daily cane-crushing capacity, 700
Toko-gai tons. Believed to produce alcohol. Railways extend
Toko 37.68 miles.

Rokki Seito K. K. Heito-gun Sugar mill.

(Rokki Sugar Co., Ltd.) Rokki-sho

Horai Togyo K. K. Okayama-gun Sugar Mill.

(Horai Sugar Co., Ltd.) Demryo-sho Firm founded: April, 1934. Capital: #150,000.
Suiketan

Shinko Seito K. K. Takao-shi Facilities uncertain. May now be under the Taiwan
(Shinko Sugar Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo, 338 Seito K. K. Probably not a mill.
38
Takao Shusei K. K. Takao-shi Not a sugar mill, but produced 5,712 gallons of alcohol
(Takao Alcohol Mfg. Co., Ltd.) Reigaryo, 793 daily in 1934 from sugar cane and sweet potatoes.
or In 1938 started a plant to produce 1,715,000 gals. of
Sankaiseki dry and industrial alcohol annually. Wine produc
tion. (?).
Founded: May, 1930. Capital: Y180,000.
Ensuiko Seito K. K. Takao-shi Alcohol plant.
(Ensuiko Sugar Co., Ltd.) Irifune-cho
5-chome
18 banchi

Shingiko Shoko Takao-shi Alcohol exporters.

(Shingiko Trading Co.) Kigo-cho
5-chome
6 banchi
Shinman Koshi Takao-shi Alcohol exporters.
(Shinnan Co.) Kigo-cho
4-chome
4 banchi
Togen Shoko Takao-shi Alcohol exporters.
(Togen Trading Co.) Kigo-cho, 1

22. THEATERS.

Kimtokan K. K. Takao-shi. Moving pictures.

(Kintokan Co., Ltd.) Eiraku-cho? Founded: May, 1930. Capital: Y120,000.
1-chome
4 banchi

Taikan Shoji K. K. Hozam-gun Theaters, negotiable securities.

(Taikan Trading Co., Ltd.) Hozam-gai Founded: April, 1930. Capital: Y100,000.

23. TrANSPORTATION.

Maruni Gumi K. K. Takao-shi Taiwan coastal, South China, South Sea ship trans
(Maruni Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho portation.
1-chome Founded: May, 1940. Capital: Y120,000.
1 banchi

Nanboku Shosen K. K. Takao-shi Shipping.

(Nanboku Shipping Co.) Kigo-cho
5-chome
1 banchi
Nanshin Kaiun K. K. Takao-shi Sea transportation.
(Southward Advance Marine Irifune-cho Founded: December, 1939. Capital: Y180,000.
Transportation Co.) 2-chome
9 banchi

Nihon Yusen K. K. Takao-shi Headquarters: Japan.

(Japan Mailship Line, Ltd.) Shinhama-cho Taiwan branches also in Tainan, Keelung, Taihoku,
1-chome Taichu.
51 banchi

Nitto Shosen Gumi K. K. Takao-shi Founded: November, 1932. Capital: Y1,000,000.

(Nitto Shipping Co.) Shinhama-cho Managing director: NAGAHARA Kitaro.
1-chome Business manager: KIROKI Yanosuke.
1 banchi Office manager: OKADA Masajiro.
(head office)
Osaka Shosen K. K. Takao-shi Sea transportation.
(Osaka Shipping Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho Headquarters in Japan.
3-chome
4 banchi
39
Taiwan Kaiun K. K. Takao-shi Sea, land transportation.
(Taiwan Marine Transportation Horie-cho Founded: June, 1937. Y250,000.
Co., Ltd.) 2-chome
50 banchi
Toa Kaiun K. K. Takao-shi Sea transportation.
(Toa Marine Transportation Shinhama-cho Headquarters in Japan.
Co., Ltd.) Shosen Bldg.
Yamashita Kisen K. K. Takao-shi Shipping companies and agents.
(Yamashita Steamship Co., Ltd. ) Sakae-cho Headquarters in Japan.
1-chome
1 banchi

Kokusai Umyu Gumi Takao-shi Land and sea transportation.

(Kokusai Transport Co.) Shinhama-cho Founded: November, 1929. Capital: $250,000.
3-chome
4 banchi
Nihon Tsuum K. K. Takao-shi Branch in Taihoku also.
(Japan Transportation Co., Ltd.)
Showa Unso K. K. Takao-shi Transportation.
(Showa Transportation Co., Ltd.) Mimato-cho Founded: December, 1939. Capital: Y160,000.
1-chome
21 banchi

Takao Godo Unso K. K. Takao-shi Transportation control.

(Takao Consolidated Transportation Shinhama-cho Founded: September, 1939. Capital: $150,000.
Co., Ltd.) 1-chome
4 banchi
Takao Jidesha Unyu K. K. Takao-shi Freight and passenger vehicles.
(Takao Auto Transportation Zenkin 586 Founded: September, 1937. Capital: $1,000,000.
Co., Ltd.)

Taiwan Unyu K. K. Takao-shi Transportation.

(Taiwan Transportation Co., Ltd.) Shinhama-cho Founded: September, 1923. Capital: Y1,000,000.
3-chome
4 banchi

Heito Kasetsu Jidosha K. K. Heito-gun Auto-passenger transportation.

(Heito Kasetsu Automobile Co., Ltd.) Heito-shi Founded: August, 1938. Capital: $200,000 or
Kurogame (?) cho ¥100,000.
3-chome
20 banchi

Koki Jidosha K. K. Hozan-gun Automobile transportation or automobile sales.

(Koki Automobile Co., Ltd.) Hozam-gai Founded: July, 1928. Capital: Y300,000.
Shinshoshi

Kimam Jidosha K. K. Kizam-gun Automobile transportation or automobile sales.

(Kinan Automobile Co., Ltd.) Kizam-gai Founded: December, 1926. Capital: Y100,000.
Kizam

Nankai Jidosha K. K. Koshun-gun Auto and freight transportation vehicles.

(Nankai Automobile Co.) Koshun Founded: December, 1927. Capital: #200,000.
Namko Gode Unso K. K. Okayama-gun Transportation.
(Nanko Consolidated Transportation Namshi-sho Founded: October, 1939. Capital: Y100,000.
Co., Ltd.) Namshi

Nano Unyo K. K. Choshu-gun Transportation.

(Nano Transportation Co., Ltd.) Chosu-gai Founded: April, 1926. Capital: Y100,000.
Gokairyo
Kyujo Godo Unyu K. K. Okayama-gun Transportation, storage, labor supply.
(Kyujo Consolidated Transportation Sao-sho Founded: December, 1939. Capital: Y100,000.
Co., Ltd.) Kyoshito
40
24. WOOD PRODUCTS.

Kyokunam Nemryo K. K. Takao-shi Buys and sells charcoal.

(Kyokunan Fuel Co., Ltd.) Founded in September, 1936. Capital: $100,000.
Main office in Takao-shi.

Nambo Sangyo K. K. Takao-shi Cultivation of mountain forests; wooden articles

(Nambo Industrial Co., Ltd.) Horie-cho made.
2-chome Founded: 1938. Capital: Y400,000.
50 banchi

Waryu Mokusai K. K. Takao-shi Wood for construction.

(Waryu Lumber Co., Ltd.) Zenkin-cho Founded: September, 1936. Capital: #200,000.
3.31 banchi Offices in Taihoku-shi and Keelung-shi.
Takuman Rinsan Kogyo K. K. Kizam-gun Lumber, artex. -

(Takunan Forest Industries, Ltd.) Kizam-gai Founded: April, 1939. Capital: $150,000.
Kizan

Chin Ko Shoko Takao-shi Sawmill.

Mimato-cho Formosan-Chinese.
4-chome
2.3 banchi

Chin Sen Shoko Takao-shi Sawmill.

Shinhama-cho Formosan-Chinese.
2-chome
10 banchi

Ei Shin Ki Shitem Takao-shi Sawmill.

Shinhama-cho Formosan-Chinese.
2-chome -

4 banchi
Fuku Rim Shoko Takao-shi Sawmill.
Irifune-cho Formosan-Chinese.
4-chome
7 banchi

Fuku Shin Shoko Takao-shi Sawmill.

Mimato-cho Formosan-Chinese.
4-chome
20 banchi

Kim Ken Go Ki Shoko Takao-shi Sawmill.

Horie-cho Formosan-Chinese.
4-chome
36 banchi

Shi Go Hatsu Takao-shi Sawmill.

Ta-machi Formosan-Chinese.
4-chome
2 banchi

Shin Ko Hatsu Takao-shi Sawmill.

Entei-cho Formosan-Chinese.
1-chome
13 banchi

Takarabe Seizai Kojo Takao-shi Sawmill.

Mimato-cho Japanese.
5-chome
17 banchi

Wa Ryu Zaimoku Shitem Takao-shi Sawmill.

Formosan-Chinese.

Mansen Bussan K. K. Koshun-gun Agricultural, forestry products.

(Mansen Products Co., Ltd.) Koshun-sho Founded: December, 1939. Capital: $120,000.
Koshun

41
16. Loading a banana cargo at Takao.

17. Dock facilities at Takao.

42
-

18. Alcohol factory on Takao waterfront, looking east.

19. Asano cement works, Takao, looking east.

- 43
20. Unidentified sugar mill “at Heito.”

--
21. Unidentified sugar mill “near Heito.

44
 |

::
22. Taiwan Sugar Company, factories 1 and 2, Kyoshito, Takao Province.

- -- - -- Fº -

23. Bank of Taiwan, Takao Branch.

45
 VI. NEWSPAPERS

1. GENERAL STATEMENT. According to a 1941 volume
(Nihon Shimbum Renken) five Japanese daily news
papers were published in Taiwan with a total circulation
of 80,000, and one Formosan-Chinese daily, the Taiwan
Shinmimpo, with a circulation of 30,000. The Takao
News, a Japanese paper, had a circulation in 1938 of
9,600. The Shimbum Soran (1938), lists six weekly papers
in addition. The dozen papers are:
Daily Papers
Taiwan Nichinichi Shimpo, Taihoku-shi
Takao office: Entei-cho, 3-chome, 1 banchi
Taiwan Shimmimpo, Taihoku-shi
Takao office: Chin Ban, head of office
Heito office: So Shi-sen, head of office
Taiwan Nippo, Tainan-shi
Takao office: Sakae-cho, 1-chome, 1 banchi
Heito office: Heito, 126
Taiwan Shimbun, Taichu-shi
Takao office: Sakae-cho, 1-chome, 6 banchi
Heito office: Suehiro-cho, 113
Takao Shimpo, Takao-shi
Higashi Taiwan Shimbum, Karenko-gai
Asahi, the Tokyo Nichimichi, and the Yomiuri have a
circulation of from 1000 to 2000 each.
2. THE TAKAO NEWS. Details on the Takao News are as
follows:
Takao Shimpo (Takao News)
Tamashita-cho, 1-chome, 1 banchi
Telephones: 2537, 3352, 2867, 3669, 2475, 2053
18 branch offices in Taiwan
Offices in Tokyo and Osaka
Founded: April 16, 1934
Capital: 100,000 yen
Publishes a daily morning paper of 8 pages which was
reduced to 6 pages in November, 1940. In addition to the
6 pages there is a section, the Takao Shuho (Takao
Province News); a section Takao Shiho (Takao City
News); and registration notices from the courthouse.
Circulation: 9,600 copies in October, 1938.
Subscription price: 1.20 yen per month.
Advertising rates: 1.00 yen per line; 1.50 yen per line
for the three sections.
Equipment

Weekly Papers 1 Marinoni rotary press

2 printing presses
Taiwan Keisei Shimpo, Taihoku-shi
3 Taniguchi automatic foundry presses
Namei Shimpo, Taihoku-shi
Stereotype and cuts
Showa Shimpo, Taihoku-shi
Type is 7 point and appears 14 characters in one line,
Niitaka Shimpo, Keelung-shi
156 lines in a column, and 14 columns on a page.
Nitaka Shimpo, Keelung-shi
Taiwan Keizan, Taihoku-shi
Personnel

Since 1937 all the daily papers, and presumably the Managing director: SUGIMOTO, Saburo
weeklies also, have been published in Japanese. The Director: FUNABASHI, Takao
Chinese columns in the Japanese papers have been dis Director: MOTOJI, Saiichiro
continued.
Investigator: CHIN, Kei-tei
The Taiwan Nich imichi Shimpo gets considerable in Investigator: FUKUI, Shima
come from government printing and so makes a profit. Consultant: MORIYAMA, Enshi
The Taiwan Shim mimpo “was supported by the Formosan
Editor-in-chief: SHIBATA, Teiichi
Chinese intellectuals and capitalists” and also makes a
profit. The other papers have a “hard time.” Social: KAWANO, Hiroshi
General Affairs: HIDAKA, Toichiro
There is some circulation in the island of papers from
Japan, the Osaka Asahi and Osaka Mainichi selling about Advertising: HIROTA, Shiro
10,000 copies each. The Fukuoka Nich in ichi, the Tokyo Industry: A RAK I, Sakai

46
 VII. ASSOCIATIONS
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. In Taiwan the many and
varied associations in part spring from the life of the
people and in part are superimposed by the Japanese
authorities. This dual element is clearly evident in the
agricultural societies, the credit cooperatives, the hoko,
and the merchant associations which were indigenous to
the Formosan-Chinese and were then moulded by govern
mental authority to serve Japanese purposes. Some modi
fications in the associations will occur when that author
ity is removed.
Since there is not much information available on asso
ciations in Takao Province, a statement on the general
nature of associations in the Japanese Empire is given
as a preface to the specific information on Taiwan.
2. Associations IN THE JAPANESE EMPIRE. Mutual
benefit associations of an economic nature, almost all of
which extend credit to their members, are among the
most important of Japanese institutions and are very
numerous throughout the islands of the Empire. They
typify the remarkably strong characteristic of the Japa
nese to align himself with others for the accompli ment sia selling a particular product or line of products. Like
of specific purposes and to act and exercise respi sibility, * 'producers’ cooperatives in other countries, they benefit
not individually and independently, but jointly and col
lectively in organized groups. With the prompting of
local officialdom, most of these associations are organized
by the members themselves to serve their own needs: to
provide credit; fix wage and price levels; establish stand
ards of workmanship; control competition; purchase
collectively and in large lots; provide storage and han
dling facilities; utilize fully and economically tools, equip
ment, and machinery; market and sell their products
collectively and to their greatest mutual benefit; or ac
complish other appropriate purposes. However, they are
also used very extensively by the authorities as unofficial
agencies of government to secure the better development
and control of certain trades and industries, to enforce
government decrees and regulations, to spread and propa
gate ideas of Japanese culture and patriotism, to prevent
unfair practices, and to aid in the effective regimenta
tion of particular occupational, industrial and commercial
groups. In recent years many such associations have
been formed at the direct request of the government in
order to promote the attainment of these purposes. Gov
ernment control is considerably facilitated by reason of
the fact that all of these associations operate under
government permit, and some of them also under gov
ernment supervision. In the case of marketing and pur
chasing associations, for example, the government com
monly fixes grades, standards and prices, and offers
expert advice and other non-financial assistance.
For purposes of licensing and registration these asso
ciations are usually classified according to the functions
which they are authorized to perform. These main func
tions or authorized activities consist of (1) credit ex
tension, (2) marketing or selling, (3) purchasing,
(4) cooperative utilization, and (5) retail selling through
consumers' co-operatives. Usually the credit-extension
function is combined with one or more of the other func
tions, such as cooperative buying, selling, or utilization.
The following is a list of the most common and important
types of economic associations:
Credit associations: These organizations are generally
known as shimyo-kumiai. They are authorized to engage
only in direct credit activities, for which reason they have
become less numerous and important than other asso
ciations which have broader powers and can therefore
engage in a wider field of activity. With capital accumu
lated from membership dues, periodical levies, and profits,
these associations make loans and extend credit to par
ticipating members, who commonly belong to a variety
of occupations.
Marketing associations: Usually known as hambai
kumiai, these associations generally restrict their mem
bership to a particular occupation and engage primarily
their members by negotiating contracts, selling in large
quantities, providing warehousing and handling facili
ties, and by maintaining standards and prices.
Purchasing associations: These organizations are most
often called kobai kumiai. Organized among members of
particular occupations, they engage in collective purchas
ing, securing at favorable prices the articles needed from
time to time by their members, such as tools, seed, fer
tilizer, or supplies. They differ from consumers' coopera
tives in the seasonal character and limited variety of
their purchases, in that they sell their purchases only
to their members, and in that they do not operate stores.
Comsumers' cooperatives: Known usually as riyo
kumiai, these associations purchase general merchandise
at wholesale or from producers and sell at retail to their
members and sometimes to others. As is the case with
such cooperatives elsewhere, the savings effected by pur
chasing in large lots and eliminating middlemen's com
missions are passed on to the members in the form of
reduced prices, periodic dividends or other credits. At
least some of these associations do not restrict their
memberships to particular occupations.
Utilization associations: These organizations are
formed primarily for the purpose of purchasing, oper
ating and maintaining tools, equipment, machinery, and
other facilities for the joint use and benefit of the mem
bers of the group. It is a cooperative method of using
to the best advantage of a particular occupational group,
those tools of production which are ordinarily beyond the
financial means of individual producers.
47
 Associations are formed with any two or more, or all,
of the purposes and functions above mentioned. Recently,
“credit, marketing, purchasing and utilization” associ
ations have been by far the most numerous and popular
of such economic organizations.
Fishing associations (g yogyo kumiai) engage in credit
operations, undertake collective marketing and purchas
ing, and promote the improvement of fishing methods.
Marine products associations (suisan-kai) engage pri
marily in marketing with only limited credit and pur
chasing activities.
Agricultural associations (mokai) are organized chiefly
for the improvement of agricultural methods and on the
initiative of the government, which engages in demon
stration work and subsidizes improvements through them.
Usually, they perform marketing and purchasing func
tions as well.
3. Agricultural Associations—a. Nokai (farmers' asso
ciations) and chikusan-kai (livestock farmers' associa
tions). Under a law of 1908, the existing voluntary mokai
were given a legal basis and regulations were established
for their guidance. Each province came to have its mokai,
which became an important auxiliary organ for the ad
ministration of the government's agricultural policy. A
1937 law unified all the provincial mokai into an island
wide Taiwan Nokai and separated the livestock farmers
from the previous mokai by establishing the Taiwan Chi
kusan-kai. The law took effect in 1938.
Each province has its mokai and chikusan-kai supported
by fees and assessments but it is not known whether
each gum and sho has a branch of the organization. In
Takao Province each mokai member in 1940 was assessed
50 sem plus 15 percent of the amount of his land tax;
each chikusan-kai member 140 sem per head of cattle,
100 sem per horse, 100 sem for each hog carcass and 30
sen for each sheep carcass. The latter two figures appear
to refer to animals slaughtered, the former two to stock
on hand. The mokai budget for 1940 was as follows:
Table 26: Nokai budget for Taiwan and Takao Province,
194()
Total . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. .. . . . . ... . . . . .
General expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Agricultural storehouses . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
Purchase of agricultural articles. . . .. . .
Assisting sales of farm products. .. . . . .
Agricultural loan funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adjusting delinquent fertilizer bills. . . . . .
Munitions assistance work . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assisting sale of straw works. . . . . . . . . . .
Source: Taiwan Agricultural Review, No. 409, Special Number, 1939.
The chikusan-kai “included among its regular activi
ties such programs as hog-skinning contests, special
courses on horse raising, experiments with Indian oats
to develop a new horse feed, experiments on heat-resist
ance of the horse, training of blacksmiths, standardiza
tion of live stock breeds, operation of a model mixed
grazing forest, etc. The special budget included expenses
for horse racing. The association has done much to elimi
nate many of the undesirable features of horse racing
and aims to put horse racing on a sound business basis.
Table 27: Chikusan-kai budget for Taiwan and Takao
Province, 1940.
Takao
Taiwan Province
Total . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . ... . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . ¥39,452,329 YS,346,765
General expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.257.965 476,807
Horse racing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,211,990 2,797. 106
Sales promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,809,629 679,792
Market expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667,744 0
Raw hides sales promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705,923 0.
Co-operative buying of feeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,751.873 4.393,060
Live stock business capital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,816 0.
Health protection of cattle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,839 o
Source: Taiwan Agricultural Review, No. 409, Special Number, 1939.
b. Rice associations. Associations centering about rice
production, storage, sales and control are numerous, but
their organization and inter-relations are not clear. Rice
control associations, composed of producers of rice and
landlords who receive rice as payment from tenant
farmers, were established under government auspices in
1936 in the cities, gun and sho. The purpose, at least in
part, was the construction, over a period of five years,
of warehouses for the long-term storage of over a million
bushels of rice. The program of construction ended in
1939 for reasons of economy. In order to supervise the
local rice-control associations, a rice-control federation
was established. In each province there seems to be an
association of rice dealers under the name of the Rice
Merchants' Business Association.
c. Other agricultural associations. The mokai and the
chikusan-kai appear to be the only agricultural asso
ciations organized on a provincial or island-wide scale.
The others are on a gun or smaller basis. A statement
in the Taiwan Agricultural Review for 1939 gives the
Taiwan Takao clearest picture available at present of these organiza
¥127,303,763 Y15.209,943
tions. “Voluntary associations of farmers in Taiwan have
increased with surprising rapidity in recent years. There
. 3,999,026 584,862 were, in 1939, over 5,000 farmers' organizations of one
. 132.638 132.638
kind or another. These organizations embraced such
. 113,736,184 14,177,000
. 1,208,606 154,603 districts as gun, gai, sho, aza (village within a sho),
7.841,582 160,840 hash utsusho (police branch station), ho, etc. Organiza
87.02.2 0 tions based on gun, gai and sho districts are, as a rule,
124,226 0.
engaged in giving direct leadership and encouragement
174,480 0
to the farmers. They follow the lines of leadership set
by the provincial authorities and by the provincial mokai.
The moji kumiai (farm associations) and the mogyo
kumiai (agricultural associations), both of which aim to
effect general improvement in farming, and the gyodem
kai (tenant associations) and komo showa-kai, which
seek to improve the tenant-landlord relationship, belong
48
to this group. The gyoden-kai was first organized in 1922
in Tainan Province, Shinei-gun. The organization proved
its worth by bringing about improved conditions in ten
ancy practices in times of bad harvest, by arbitrating
tenant disputes and by otherwise effecting general im
provements in the tenant situation. Similar organizations
spread rapidly in the five western provinces. Today these
tenant associations are performing the nost notable
activities of all the agricultural associations.
4. CREDIT AND CONSUMERs' COOPERATIVEs. The names of
the following cooperatives which specifically emphasize
credit functions are available for Takao Province:
Kizam-gun
Kizan Shinyo Kobai Riyo Kumiai (Kizan Credit Con
sumers Utilization Cooperative) Paid-in capital —
¥135,540.
Mimo Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo Kumiai (Mino Credit
Consumers & Retailers Utilization Cooperative) Paid
in capital Y44,427.
Rokki Shinyo Kumiai (Rokki Credit Association) Paid
in capital #10,000.
Samrin Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo Kumiai (Sanrin
Credit Consumers, Retailers Utilization Cooperative)
Paid-in capital Y13,250.
Kosen Shingo Kobai Hambai Riyo Kumiai (Kosen Credit
Consumers & Retailers Utilization Cooperative) Paid
in capital #3,900.
Naimon Shinyo Hambai Kobai Kumiai (Naimon Credit
Retailers & Consumers Cooperative) Paid-in capital
¥1,160
Heito-gun, Kyukai-sho
Kyukai Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo Kumiai (Kyukai
Credit Consumers & Retailers Utilization Cooperative)
Okayama-gun, Komai-sho
Taiko Shinyo Kobai Riyo Kumiai (Taiko Credit Con
sumers & Retailers Utilization Cooperative) Paid-in
capital #19,650.
Chokatei Shinyo Kobai Kumiai (Rochiku Consumers &
Retailers Credit Utilization Assn.) Paid-in capital
¥18,220.
5. THE hoko AND soteidam. a. General statement. The
hoko system of organization according to households is
an old Chinese institution which has been so modified by
the Japanese that it has become an important instrument
of police control. A ko consists of about ten households, a
ho consists of about ten ko, the number varying in each
instance according to local circumstances. The ko are
organized according to houses adjacent to each other.
Both the ho and the ko ordinarily are within the bounda
49
ries of a single 'gai or sho (town or village area). A
number of gai or sho can form a single ho, but one gai
or sho can not belong to more than one hoko. When a
number of ho wish to cooperate on matters that cut across
their boundaries, they may, with the permission of the
provincial governor, organize a league of ho to confer
on the subjects. The ho in a gun do not appear to be or
ganized into a single unit, and neither are the ho in a
province. Since all the actions of the hoko are subject to
approval by the Japanese authorities, it seems as if the
Japanese have kept the hoko broken into separate units in
order to facilitate their control. This control includes
fining all the members of a ko for a crime committed by
one.
The soteidam is an organization of men over seventeen
and under forty who are selected from the ho, who receive
various types of training from the police, and who are
supposed to guard against bandits, flood, typhoons, and
fires. A single soteidan may be comprised of men from
one ho or of men from several ho who organize the group
as a cooperative venture under police encouragement and
supervision.
The hoko expenditures amount to about 60 sem per
month per household, and are collected as an obligatory
fee. The leaders of the ho and ko are elected by the
members subject to the approval of the Japanese authori
ties. They receive no pay, although in special cases they
may do so if prior approval is received from the pro
vincial governor.
b. Number of hoko and soteidan. At the end of 1938
there were 53,876 ko in Taiwan (7,723 were in Takao
Province) and 5,649 ho (802 in Takao Province). There
were 42,601 men organized into 1,035 soteidam, of which
number 6,992 men and 157 soteidan were in Takao Prov
ince. One leader was listed for each ho, and one leader and
about five assistant leaders for each soteidan.
c. Duties of the hoko and soteidam. Regulations gov
erning the hoko and soteidan were laid down in an ordi
nance of 1898 which was revised in 1909, 1919, and 1920.
Probably there have been revisions since 1923, the date
of the source material now available, but it is doubtful
if such modifications would make any fundamental change
in the system. The gist of the essential articles of the
ordinances is as follows:
(1) Government-General Order No. 87.
Article 1. The ko is to be organized from about ten
households; the ho from about ten ko.
Article 2. The ko leader is elected by the ko with the
approval of the gun head, the cho head, the metropolitan
police head, or the sub-police head. The ho leader is
elected by the ho with the approval of the provincial
governor through the gun head, cho head or metropolitan
police head.
Article 4. When a soteidan is to be established, the
ho and ko leaders must secure the permission from the
head of a gun, the head of a metropolitan police station,
or from the provincial governor.
Article 5. The soteidan should be organized from the
young men of the ko, and the soteidan of the ho should
be organized from the union of all soteidams of the ko.
However, according to the situation, several ho can unite
and organize a soteidan. One soteidan leader and a num
ber of assistant leaders are elected by the members sub
ject to the approval of the gun head, the head of a police
station or the head of a sub-police station.
Article 6. The soteidan is supervised by the competent
head of the gum, police station, or sub-police station, or
higher-class leader.
Article 8. When a soteidan is harmful to the public
welfare, the provincial governor may order its disband
ment.
Article 9. The expenditure required by the hoko and
the soteidan must be paid by the people living in the gai
or sho.
Article 10. An estimate of income and expenditure
must be approved about the middle of December by the
gun or police heads and the settlement of accounts must
be reported to the same officials before the end of January.
Article 12. Rules necessary to carry out these regula
tions are decided upon by the provincial governor and
should be made in consideration of established customs of
the people.
(2) Government-General Order No. 97.
Article 1. The hoko regulations are to be enforced
everywhere in the provinces.
Article 2. Permission to organize the hoko must be
secured by sending a petition to the provincial office. The
petition should be signed by the heads of the households in
the proposed hoko, should be accompanied by a set of
regulations, and should give the name of the hoko, the
boundary, the number of households, and a map of the
hoko district.
Article 3. The hoko should be organized in keeping
with the established customs of the area, and in con
formity with the relationships existing between the vari
ous races, tribes and groups. The hoko must be within
the boundaries of a gai or sho, although several gai-sho
can be united to make a ho, or one gai-sho can be divided
into several ho. One gai-sho cannot belong to two or more
ho. The ko is organized so as to consist of houses adja
cent to each other and counted from a certain direction
in the ho.
Article 5. Persons cannot become ho or ko leaders who
are under twenty years of age or who are not heads of
households in the hoko district or who have been punished
for “a crime more serious than imprisonment.”
50
Article 6. The date and place of election of ho and ko
leaders must be reported beforehand to the gum or police
office.
Article 7. Another election must be held if any officer
is deemed unfit.
Article 8. Ho and ko leaders are elected for two years
and may be re-elected.
Article 9. The hoko regulations should include regu
lations covering:
a. The name and boundary.
b. Household investigation.
c. The control of persons coming in and out of the
district.
. Protection against natural calamities and the
search for bandits and robbers.
e. Prevention of contagious diseases.
f. The correction of the vice of opium smoking.
. Repairing of minor damages to roads and bridges
and regulations about the cleaning of roads and
bridges.
. Protection against harmful insects.
i. Protection against animal diseases.
j. The hoko conference.
. The punishment of members who commit mis
demeanors.
Prizes and subsidies with the hoko.
Income and disbursements, assessments, and the
collection of funds.
n. The maintenance of peace.
Article 10. The duties of the ho leader are:
a. To supervise the ko leaders.
b. To watch the inhabitants in the ho and to prevent
them from violating the law.
c. To aid the police officials in the capture of
criminals.
. To deal with violators of the hoko regulations.
e. To participate in the granting of prizes and sub
sidies.
f. To be concerned with the collection and disposal
of fines.
. To be concerned with income and disbursement,
and assessment and collection of funds.
 Article 11. The duties of the ko leader are:
a. To aid the ho leader in his work.
. To investigate the households within the ko and
to control the persons coming and going from the
ko.
c. To aid the police and the ho leader in the capture
of criminals.
. To watch the inhabitants in the ko and to prevent
them from violating the law.
e. To make the head of each household in the hoko
adhere to the hoko regulations, and to have the
head of the newly arrived household or the newly
appointed head of a household vow to follow the
regulations.
Article 13. When the ho and ko leaders see any change
in a household or receive a report of such change from
an inhabitant they must report it immediately, the ko
leader to the ho leader, and the ho leader to a police
official.
Article 14. The head of each household must report
immediately to the ko leader when:
a. He discovers a criminal or finds a person whose
action is suspicious.
. When a person from another place is being lodged
overnight; when a person in a household makes
more than an overnight trip; when a guest de
parts, or when a member of the household returns.
c. Whenever a birth, death or other event occurs
which makes a change in the household.
Article 15. Related ho should organize a league of
hoko to determine by conference matters related to the ho.
Article 16. To organize a league of hoko, permission
must be received from the gun office, sub-province, or
metropolitan police station. A hoko league should make a
51
report to the gun, sub-province, or metropolitan office at
the opening and closing of its conferences.
Article 17. A police official should be in attendance at
the events mentioned in Articles 6 and 16.
Article 19. The soteidan as a rule is organized in each
ho; if it is being organized by two or more ho a separate
regulation for assessment of funds, collection and expen
diture should be drawn up, and proper approval obtained.
Article 21. In the event of natural calamity or the
presence of robbers, the soteidan must follow the direc
tion of their leaders or of police officials.
Article 24. When a member of a soteidan is on duty,
he should wear a specially designed uniform.
Article 25. A police official may muster the soteidam
and conduct an inspection periodically or on special occa
sions.
Article 26. Hoko and soteidan members are to work
without pay. If pay is deemed necessary, approval should
be obtained from the provincial governor.
Article 27. When a person living within a ko is sen
tenced for a felony, each household head in the ko is
required to pay a fine. If the criminal is brought to the
proper authority by the head of the ko before the crime
is discovered by the police, the household heads will be
exempt from the fine.
Article 28. Persons will be fined who:
a. Refuse to take the vow to abide by the hoko regu
lations or who refuse to adhere to the regulations.
b. Refuse to pay an assessment or a fine, or who delay
payment without giving an acceptable reason.
c. Fail to make the reports necessary under Articles
13 and 14.
Article 29. Soteidan members who, without proper
reason, refuse to be on duty in case of mishap are to be
punished with a fine.
 (TAIwan)
TAKAO PROVINCE
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
GUN ºf awe SHö 3:
© GUN OFFICE
o SHO OFFICE
: GUN soundary
... SH0 BOUNDARY

RIZAN Gun

t#
|- HEITö Gun

OKAYAMA Gun

HözAN GUN

ºwo “$2

FIGURE 4. Takao Province, administrative divisions, gun and sho.

52
 VIII. PROVINCIAL, CITY AND GUN AGENCIES AND OFFICIALS

School personnel is given in Section XII on schools Regional school inspecting official. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(p. 68 f.); the agricultural agencies in Section II on agri Regional technicians (1 also Head of
culture (p. 5 f.); the Marine Experimental Station in Public Works Section). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section III on fishing (p. 16 f.); and the Industrial and
Commercial Promotion Hall in Section V on industry Industrial production director
(p. 25 ff.). With these exceptions, the list of official posi Industrial production technicians
tions in 1939 was as follows: Public works technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social affairs director
1. Governor (Chiji) Social education director
Construction technician
The governor is appointed by the emperor and thus is
an official of chokunin (first-class) rank. He is nominated School inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
by the governor-general, to whom he is responsible for the Attached personnel
execution of laws and regulations. He is empowered to Technical aides
nullify the orders of gun and shi heads, and of the heads
of the police stations when such orders are contrary to
regulations or inimical to the public welfare. He may
impose prison terms of up to two months and/or fines up
to #70 without recourse to the courts. He appoints half
the members of the shi, gai, and sho assemblies and has
full power of veto over the acts of the assemblies.
The governor presides over a provincial assembly, half
of whose members are appointed by the governor-general Produce inspectors
of Taiwan, and half elected by the city, gai and sho
Social affairs secretary
assemblies. In 1936 the Takao Provincial Assembly had
14 Japanese and 11 Formosan-Chinese members. Social education secretaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Construction secretary
2. OFFICE of Governor (Chiji kambo) Construction technical aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. Two CoMMIssionERs (Chiho riji kan) . DEPARTMENT of PolicE AFFAIRs (Keimw-bu)

Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Total personnel
Head of taxation section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Head of department (also executive official) . . . . . .
Head of arbitration section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Regional police supervisors:
Construction technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Head of police affairs section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Attached personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Technical aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Head of higher police affairs section. . . . . . . . . . .

Interpreters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Regional technician (also head of
sanitation section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxation officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Police physician
Public works secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Sanitation technician - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Construction technical aide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Construction technician
School inspector
4. DEPARTMENT of INTERNAL AFFAIRs (Naimu-bu)
Police inspectors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Technical aides

Head of department (also executive official) . . . . . . 1

Interpreter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Regional commissioners Assistant police inspectors

Head of regional section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Sanitation secretary
Head of education section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sanitation technical aides

Head of industry section...................... 1 Construction technical aides

6. DEPARTMENT OF HARBOR AFFAIRs (Komu-bu) Takao
shi, Shosen-cho
Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Head of department (also head of
police affairs section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Harbor affairs official (also head of
marine affairs section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Harbor physician (also head of quarantine section)
Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Harbor petty officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Harbor veterinarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quarantine officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sanitation technical aide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
council of eight, of which he is the chairman and the
deputy mayor, and six members elected from the city
assembly.
11
Takao and Heito each have a city assembly, half of
whose members are appointed by the governor of the
1 province, half elected by the qualified voters. In 1940
there were 19 Japanese and 10 Formosan-Chinese in the
1 Takao Assembly; 15 Japanese and 13 Formosan-Chinese
1 in the Heito Assembly.
1
Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4
1 Mayor (Shiim) also regional commissioner. . . . . . . . 1
1 Assistant to the mayor (also regional
1 commissioner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Industrial production director (also head of

industrial section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
7. TAKAO CITY TAX OFFICE.
Public works technician (also head of
(It is uncertain whether this office is included in item industrial section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
4.) Sanitation technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
School inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
8. HEITO TAXATION BRANCH of FICE (Heito Zeimu. Shutcho-, Attached personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
sho) Heito-shi, Wakamatsu-cho Technical aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ....... 41

Industrial production secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Industrial production technical aide. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Director (also regional commissioner) . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Public works secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Construction technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Public works technical aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Attached personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Social affairs secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Technical aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Social educational secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Taxation officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Construction technical aide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

12. HEIto CITY HALL. Heito-shi, Hom-machi.

9. TAKAo PolicE STATION (Takao Keisatsu-sho) Takao Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

shi, Minato-machi
Mayor (also regional commissioner) . . . . . . . . . . . . -

Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Assistant to mayor (also regional commissioner) ... 1

Industrial production director (also head of
Head of station (also regional police supervisor)... 1 industry section) . ..... . .............. ... . . . 1
Police inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Sanitation technician (also head of
Assistant police inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 sanitation section) ......................... . 1

School inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

10. HEITO POLICE STATION. Heito-shi, Sakae-machi Attached personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Technical aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Industrial production secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Head of station (also regional police supervisor)... 1 Industrial production technical aide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Police inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Public works secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Assistant police inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Public works technical aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Social affairs secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Social education secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

11. TAKAo CITY HALL (Takao Shiyaku-sho) Takao-shi,
Mimato-machi
13. GUN OFFICES (Gunyaku-sho)
The mayor, an official of sonin (second-class) rank, is
appointed by the Governor-General, but is responsible The gun-shw (gun-head) is appointed by the governor
directly to the governor of the province. He has power general and acts under the supervision of the governor
to veto acts of the city assembly. He is assisted by a of the province. He can nullify acts of the heads of gai
or sho when such acts are contrary to regulations or
inimical to the public welfare.
The gum has no assemblies. Each has a local council
to assist the gun-shu (gun-head). Members are selected
from among the prominent people in the community.
The heads of gai and sho are paid officials appointed by
the governor-general. They are usually of hammin (third
class) rank, but thirty in all Taiwan may be of somin
(second-class) rank. They are directly responsible to the
gum administration.
The gai and sho heads preside over an assembly of from
8 to 20 members, half of whom are appointed by the gover
nor-general and half elected by qualified voters. The
function of the assembly is to submit opinions on various
problems when asked to do so by higher authority.

#
c c ,;
.: ; ; ;3 ; ;i
-F ºf :;
st ;
#3 #
g: 3. "c
Gun office and location 3É ### 3. # # É ## : # *:
3& §§ *= *: # ë ## §
O

ALL GUN OFFICES. . . . . . . . . . . . 152 7 7 46 18 7 24 43

Chosu Gun Office:

Chosu-gun, Chosu-gai . . . . . . . . 26 1 1 6 4 2 5 7

Heito Gun Office:

Heito-shi, Sakao-cho . . . . . . . . . 20 1 1 7 2 - 4 5

Hozan Gun Office:

Hozan-gun, Hozan-gai . . . . . . . 20 1 1 7 2 - 2 7
Kizan Gun Office:

Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai . . . . . . . . 25 1 1 7 3 - 7 6

Koshun Gun Office:

Koshun-gun, Koshun-sho . . . . . 15 1 1 4 2 2 2 3

Okayama Gun Office:

Okayama-gum, Okayama-gai. . . 26 1 1 9 2 2 2 9

Toko Gun Office:

Toko-gun, Toko-gai . . . . . . . . . . 20 1 1 6 3 1 2 6

14. GOVERNMENT-GENERAL AGENCIES. (4) Lighthouses and meteorological observatories (see

Section IV, p. 18 f.).
a. Agencies maintained in the province by the Govern
ment-General. (5) Customs stations (see Section IV, p. 18 f.).

(1) Courts and a prison (see Section IX, p. 58 ff.). (6) Monopoly bureau offices (see Section V, p. 25 ff.).
(2) Deposit bureau branches (see Section IX, p. 58 ff.). (7) Hospitals (see Section XI, p. 66 f.).
(3) Agricultural agencies (see Section II, p. 5 ff.). (8) Postoffices (see tables 28-35 in Section IX, p. 62
ff.).

55
 24. Heito City offices.

25. Takao provincial offices and radio tower.

56
 TAKAO PRONINCE
(TAIwaM)
ADMINISTRATIVE MAP
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swo orwict -

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e'.

FIGURE 5. Administrative organizations Takao Province.

57
 IX. POLICE, COURTS, WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS
1. LOCATION OF POLICE STATIONS.
The exact nature and functions of each of the various
kinds of police posts and stations in Taiwan are not yet
known. The location of police stations in Takao Province
shown in the following tables was taken from a Japanese
map which had a symbol for police stations, but nothing
to distinguish one type from another.
2. DUTIES OF THE POLICE.
The thoroughness with which the Japanese police at
tempt to control the Taiwanese is indicated by the items
of information the police are required to enter on one of
the many documents kept in local police archives:
a. Name of the gai or sho.
b. Total area of the gai or sho. -
c. Type of land by ko:
(1) field; (2) garden: (3) building plot; (4)
woods; (5) moor; (6) cemetery ground; (7)
marshes and ponds; (8) total.
d. Number of households:
(1) Japanese; (2) Formosan-Chinese: (3) for
eigners; (4) total.
e. Population:
(1) Japanrse; (2) Formosan-Chinese; (3) for
eigners; (4) total.
f. Hoko system:
(1) Number of ho; (2) number of ko; (3) head
of ko.
g. Soteidan:
(1) Leader; (2) assistant leaders; (3) men; (4)
total. . (1) Public figures (full name, property); (2)
h. Business establishments under police control.
i. Number of domestic animals:
(1) water buffalo; (2) yellow oxen: (3) horses;
(4) hogs; (5) goats.
j. Important products and amounts produced:
(1) rice; (2) etc.
k. Distance notations:
(1) From this dispatch post to neighboring dis
patch post, neighboring provincial post, other im
58
portant places, district headquarters, adjacent
provinces.
(2) By train (as above); (3) By pushcar; (4) by
land route (on foot).
. Market and other data:
(1) Markets; (2) slaughter houses; (3) slaugh
tered cattle disposal ground.
. Households assigned to individual policemen:
(1) Police strength; (2) number of one-police
man households; (3) number of people to whom
one policeman is assigned.
. Transportation facilities:
(1) Trains, publicly owned and privately owned;
(2) pushcar; (3) rickshaws; (4) horse and cow
carts; (5) baggage carts; (6) bicycles; (7)
bridges; (8) ferries.
. Birth and deaths within the last five years:
(1) Births, male, female, total, population per
centage; (2) deaths, male, female, total, popula
tion percentage; (3) years for each of above;
(4) averages for each of above.
. People who particularly require police vigilance:
(1) Persons with prison records; (2) habitual
criminals who have been warned; (3) habitual
gamblers; (4) indicted persons released on bail;
(5) persons under suspended sentences; (6) per
sons receiving premonitory order; (7) people who
must be watched because of occupation and resi
dence; (8) people who must be watched because
of “opium association”; (9) opium addicts; (10)
villains and rogues; (11) delinquent boys; (12)
others requiring special police vigilance.
. Important public figures and wealthy men:
wealthy men (full name, property).
. Kinds of occupations and number of households
within jurisdiction:
(1) Government officials; (2) agriculturalists;
(3) industry; (4) business; (5) day laborers;
(6) others; (7) total of Japanese, Formosan
Chinese, foreigners.
. Factories.
. Companies.
. Hospitals.
. Schools.
 . Religious edifices and institutions:
(1) Ancestral shrines; (2) Buddhist temples;
(3) Shinto shrines.
x. Historical sites.
y. Scenic places.
3. COURTS.
The courts in Taiwan are under the Department of
Judicial Affairs of the Government-General. All the
courts in Takao Province are under the Tainan District
Court at Tainan-shi. The Takao branch of the Tainan
District Court is at Takao-shi, and has a personnel of 3
judges, 2 magistrates, 13 secretaries and 3 interpreters.
Sub-branches of the Takao Branch Court, each with one
secretary, are located in each gun and are found at
Choshu, Heito, Hozan, Kizan, Koshun, Okayama, and
Toko.
Many disputes that in other places would come before
the courts are settled in Taiwan through arbitration by
the provincial governor and by some, if not all, of the
gum heads. From 1929 through 1938 the number of arbi
tration cases in Taiwan exceeded the number of civil
suits, although in 1938 there were 9,217 civil suits and
8,415 arbitration cases.
A law of 1904 permitted gun heads and the heads of
city police stations to hand down summary decisions in
cases involving gambling, the violation of various ad
ministrative regulations and other “minor” offenses sub
ject to detention and fine, and provided a right of appeal
to the courts. The number of cases so handled in Taiwan
between 1929 and 1938 varied from 130,045 to 217, 297 and
the number of appeals from 6 to 100. In 1938 there were
174,026 cases and 6 appeals. The number of cases in
Takao Province is not known.
4. DEPOSIT-BUREAU OFFICES.
Deposit-bureau offices are at Takao and Heito, under
the Tainan deposit bureau, a branch of the deposit bureau
of the Government-General. The offices seem to serve as
depositories for a variety of legal documents and records,
and to be a means by which the Government-General can
keep track of all significant transactions in Taiwan.
5. FIRE FIGHTING.
The soteidan, under police supervision and training,
form the fire-fighting units in Takao Province, with the
exception of Takao City, which has a fire station. In all
probability Heito City also has a fire department. Details
of the soteidan are presented under the discussion of the
hoko system in Section VII, p. 47.
6. PRISONS.
The prison in Takao City is a branch of the Tainan
prison, which in turn is under the jurisdiction of the
Government-General. It is a wooden structure, completed
in 1933. In July, 1939, it contained 124 convicted crim
59
inals, 33 defendants and suspects, and 14 individuals who
were being “detained.” The eight prisons of Taiwan con
tained a total of 4,166 convicted criminals, 336 defendants
and suspects, and 140 “detained” individuals. The ex
penditure for these prisons in 1938 was $700,237. The
income, which is reported as coming from the prisoners'
employment in cabinet making, rattan work, printing,
sewing, and other crafts, was #705,472.
A widespread organization exists for the assistance of
released prisoners, the Honin Taiwan Sansei Kyokai,
branches being formed in each province in 1935 with the
provincial governor as president. A branch of the Takao
provincial society is located in each gun and also in Takao
City and Heito City, the branch in Takao City claiming
to have 1,192 members. The names of these societies are
Takao City Mutual Love Society, Heito City Love and
Protection Society, Choshu True Temper Society, Heito
gun Virtue Society, Hozan Fresh Light Society, Kizan
gun New Heart Society, Koshun Facing the Sun Society,
Okayama-gun Good Long Life Society, and Toko Dawn
Society.
7. WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS.
Excepting the hospitals of various kinds, the public
pawnshops, the public employment offices, and a little
relief assistance from the government, organized welfare
work is in the hands of many small societies and organ
izations which are guided unofficially, if not officially, by
four societies which have received funds from the im
perial family of Japan. A total of 228 welfare societies
and organizations existed in Takao Province in 1939, not
including some of the sho and gai committees.
The Taiwan Welfare Society receives about ¥20,000 a
year from a trust fund established by an imperial grant.
The society promotes private welfare groups, publishes a
monthly magazine, the Shai Jigyo-no-Tomo (Friend of
the Welfare Workers), holds a Taiwan welfare conven
tion each year, promotes the observance of Children's
Day on May 5, and sends about ten people a year to study
the welfare institutions of Japan. Branch organizations
are in each province and in the sub-divisions of the
provinces.
The Taisho Relief Society was established in 1915 with
Y48,600 of imperial funds and, at the death of Emperor
Taisho in 1926, received an additional sum of ¥70,900.
Its assets in 1938 were $126,135; its objective is to assist
private-welfare groups.
The Meiji Relief Society was established in 1912 with a
fund of ¥48,600 granted at the time of Emperor Meiji's
death. Its assets at the end of 1938 amounted to ¥147,915.
The Showa Relief Society was established with imperial
funds of ¥70,900 in 1929 when the present Japanese
emperor came to the throne. The income from these funds
is given to the Taiwan Welfare Society.
The Takao Benevolence Institute has a building costing
Y13,000, which was received from the Meiji Relief Society
and the Taisho Relief Society. Its assets in 1938 amounted
to ¥56,308, and its 1939 budget was $29,804. Each province
has such an organization, in 1938 all of them together in Takao Province in 1938. The markets afford places
receiving ¥25,000 from the Taiwan treasury. Among where poor people can sell small produce. Cheap lodging
other activities, they conduct medical examinations in and cheap entertainment can be obtained, and open-air
remote places. In 1938, 22,852 different people were ex food vendors do a constant business.
amined at a cost of ¥17,602.
A public employment office in Takao City handled
Thirty-two of the sho and gai in Takao Province were 4,426 requests for employment from Japanese and 2,485
reported to have a total of 324 welfare committees under from Formosan-Chinese in 1938. In all the employment
the sho and gai heads. The total budget for such com offices in Taiwan there were 4,426 requests for employ
mittees in Taiwan in 1939 was $172,739, of which Y18,176 ment from Japanese, and 2,485 from Formosan-Chinese
came from the Taiwan treasury. The committees handled in 1938.
312,626 cases in Taiwan in 1938, including 45,451 cases
There are public pawnshops at Takao and Heito, which
of consultation and guidance, 123,802 of health and medi are considered by the Japanese to be welfare institutions.
cal aid, 10,210 cases of child care, 51,702 cases which were The interest rate on loans is limited by law to two per
referred elsewhere, 7,989 cases in which birth certificates
cent a month. The Takao pawnshop in 1938 loaned
were “straightened out,” 31,492 in which goods or money
¥243,529 to 18,484 people, and had an income of ¥32,725
were given, and 41,980 other cases.
with expenditures of ¥8,202. The Heito pawnshop loaned
In-1938 the provincial governments gave relief to 634 ¥110,755 to 9,704 people, and had an income of ¥11,141
persons at a cost of ¥15,890. The gun, gai and cities in with expenditures of ¥5,548.
1932 assisted 3,855 people at a cost of ¥59,845. Each
There is a Roman Catholic orphanage, founded in
province has a disaster relief fund, the total amounting Tainan City in 1869, in Takao City, which in 1939 was
to ¥6,938,070 in 1938.
caring for 55 children within the orphanage and 13 out
Forty-seven public markets and 12 public baths existed side the institution.

Table 28: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Takao City and Heito City.

(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed.)

Doctors Schools 1935 Population

Primary
Police Post & higher Primary:
stations offices Japanese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total

(Number 4 35 32 2 6 5 22,165 94,017

Takao City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uncertain) (1940: 28,336 152,365)

Chushu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 7 2,261
Entei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 5 13 - - 1,780 14,532
Gishiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - - 471 1,639
Heiwa-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - 1 - 1,458 4,107
Horie-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 6 1 1 - 1 2,383 3,203
Irifune-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 2 - - - - 1,539 2,748
Kigo-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 - - - 454 7,504
Kitano-cho . . . . . . . .. . . . . - - 5 - - - 301 8,436
Kotobuki-cho . . .. . . . . . . . - 1 - 1 - - - 431 739
Minato-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 6 — 1 - 1 3,838 5,692
Naii . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . - — . - 1 - 1 - 369 3,077
Reigaryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 1 179 6,156
Sakae-cho . . . . .. . . . . .. . . - - 1 - - - 1,671 2,189
Sankaiseki . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 - 1 1 420 4,914
Shinhama-cho . . . . . . .. . . - - - 1 — - - 548 1,464
Shosen-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - - 885 2,098
Ta-machi . . . . .. .. . . .. . . - - 3 1 - - - 1,750 4,689
Yamashita-cho . . . . . . . . . - 1 5 - - - - 2,153 3,112
Zenkin . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . - 3 - - - 1 - 1,069 4,472

Heito City ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Number 1 13 23 1 5 5 5,798 46,398

uncertain) (1940: 6,747 54,756)

60
 Table 29: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Choshu-Gun.
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed.)
Doctors Sch ools 19.3.5 population

- - - - Primary - --- - -

Police Post & higher Primary:

stations offices Jananese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total

Choshu-gun, total' . . . . . . . . 17 4 2 20 1 17 1 1,327 103,480

Banram-sho' . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - - 3 - 3 - 106 14,913
Bamran" . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. - - 2 - 1 - 36 4,214
Gokosui . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 12 1,959
Kasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 1 - 1 - 13 2,395
Sekizan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 7 2,561
Boryo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 - 3. 3 - 116 12,130
Boryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. - - 1 - 81 4,438
Hokkibi . . . . . . .. . . . .. 1 - - - - 1 - 6 1,295
Suiteiryo . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 2 - 1 - 8 3,819
Hokuseiryo . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - º º
Bozan-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 - 1 - 2 - 52 3,290
Bozan . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 1 1 - - - 1 - 15 428
Fuko . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 1 - - 1 - 1 - 27 1,795
Karokudo .. . . . . . . . . .". 1 - - - - - - 9 431
Nanseiko . . . . . . . . . .. . 1 - - - - - - 1. 35
Choshu-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 6 1 2 - 562 14,015
Choshu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 6 - 1 - 398 4,708
Gokairyo . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - - 149 3,131
Shirin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 15 2,559
Naiho-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 - 6 4 1 125 22,956
Naiho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 4 - 1 1. 26 4,198
Rohi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 1 - 25 3,259
Shinhokusei . . . . .. . . . 1 - - 1 - 1 - 23 3,256
Shintosei . . . . . . . . - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 11 3,029
Shimpi-sho ............ 2 - - - - 1 - 25 7,093
Kotan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 6 1,303
Shimpi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - 1 - 9 1,289
Takeda-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 1 - 2 - 76 9,778
Saisei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - .. 1 - 31 2,163
Takeda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 1 - 1 - 19 2,133
* Aborigine territory: figures have not been included except in population figures. Morippa-sha has a Japanese doctor; Naishito-sha has a school;
Subon-sha has a school.
* Where the exact location of a facility in the sho or gai is not known, the sho or gai total exceeds the total of listed towns and villages.
* Underlined places are gai or sho seats of administration.

Table 30: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors, and schools in Heito-Gun
Doctors schools was population
--

T primary T T T TT -

Police Post & higher Primary:

stations offices Japanese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total

Hoito-gun, total' . . . . . . . . . 3 2 - 7 - 12 1 1,564 67,774

Choko-sho . . . . .. . . . .. .. 1 - - - 3. 1 117 16,027
Banshiryo . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 1 2,668
Choko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - 71 4,935
Rinraku . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - 1 - 29 4,545
Empo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 1 - 150 13,123
Empo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - 1 - 126 4,218
Kyukai-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 2 - 240 7,749
Kosho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 63 2,400
Kyukai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 . - 1 - 154 2,979
Riko-sho . . . . . . ... . .. . . 1 1 - 4 1 2 - 877 11,249
Riko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 4 - 1 - 104 4,381
Toko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 371 2,172
Rokki-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 1 1 2 - 138 6,251
Rokki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 - 103 2,263
Shini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - —" 1 - 9 1,568
Takagi-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . – - —- - 2 - 38 12,692
Kyuryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 6 2,618
Takagi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 26 1,775
1. **** territory: figures have not been included except in
or-tor. -
population figures. Hamohai-sha has a Japanese doctor. Butaisha has a Japanese
61
 Table 31 : Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Hozan-Gum.
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed.)
Doctors Schools 1935 Population

Primary
Police Post & higher Primary:
- stations offices Japanese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total
Hozan-gun, total . . . . . . . . . 8 3 3 20 4 16 2 2,125 106,086
Hozan-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 8 1 2 1 - 831 19,837
Goko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - 1 - 7 1,546
Hozan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 1 - - 1 - 596 10,758
Jimbw-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 2 - 43 10,607
Jimbu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 1 - 12 1,245
Taisha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 9 857
Kominato-sho . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 1 3 2 4 - 547 17,210
Kominato . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 - 1 1 - 488 1,373
Komoko . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 15 5,516
Shisokyaku . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - - - 5 438
Taiheicho .. .. . . . . . .. - - - - - 1 - 0 1,807
Tairimpo . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 2 - 1 - º 2
Rinen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 3. - - 1 60 16,863
Rinshihen . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 3 - - - 52 1,662
Sembi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 0 2,530
Taiju-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 3 1 3 - 258 16,759
Keiho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 16 2,508
Kyukyokudo . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 185 2,314
Taiju . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 10 1,319
Tairvo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 2 - 3. - 337 18,007
Sanchicho ........ - - - 1 - - - - - - 188 3,339
Sekkan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 14 4,802
Tairvo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 107 3,500
Chusho ... . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - º 2
Kyubukyaku . . . . . . . . . — - - 2 - - - º 2
Torimatsu-sho . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - - 2 - 49 6,803
Densoho . . . . . . - - - - - - ... — - - - - 1 - 5 1,879
Torimatsu . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - 1 - 38 1,232

Table 32: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Kizan-Gun
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed. The sho and
gai administrative centers are italicized.)
Doctors Schools 1935 Population

Primary
Police Post & higher Primary:
-- _ _ _ _stations offices Japanese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total
Kizam-gun, total' .... .... . 4 3 3 15 2 13 1 1,936 80,825
Denyro-sho . . . .... .... . - - - - - 3 - 9 10,614
Denryo . . . . . .... .... . - - - - - 1 - 3 2,070
Koteiko . . .. . .. . .. . . . - - - - - 1 - 0 1,124
Kounun . . . .. . .. . .. . . - - - - - 1 - 3 2,040
Kizam-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 7 1 2 1 1,116 22,999
Keishu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 2 - 1 - 17 5,810
Kibi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - - - 309 2,352
Kizan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - - 1 1 1 671 8,527
Kosen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - - 1 1 - 81 2,825
Kosen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - - 1 1 - * º
Mino-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 - 6 - 4 - 113 24,878
Chikutokaku . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 8 3,470
Chuun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - - - 24 4,243
Kichiyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 15 3,162
Mino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 - 5 - 1 - 37 7,709
Ryuto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 24 4,430
Naimon-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - 1 - 36 11,041
Kohyo . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 5 1,360
Naiho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 21 2,209
Sanrin-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - 2 - 39 7,064
Getsubi . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 1 - 25 2,961
Sanrin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 6 929
* Aborigine territory: figures have not been included except in population figures. Magatsun-sha and Gani-sha each have a Japanese doctor:
Barison-sha has a Formosan-Chinese doctor.
62
 Table 33: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Koshum-Gun
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed. The sho and
gai administrative centers are italicized.)
Doctors schools 1935 Population

- - primary - - - -- - -

Police Post & higher Primary :

- _ _stations offices 'aranese Formosan primaru Formosan Other Japanese Total
Koshun-gun, total . . . . . . . . 14 2 1 4 1 4 - 835 31,012
Koshun-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 3 1 2 - 664 15,128
Garambi . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - -- - 82 1,828
Koshun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 - 3 - 2 - 405 3,165
Ryusensui . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 31 1,748
Taijubo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 18 1,269
Daibanretsu . . . . . .. .. 1 - - - - - - º 2
Kontei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - º º
Toko . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. 1 - - - - - - 2 2
Manshu-sho . . . . . . . . .. . . 4 - - 1 - 1 - 32 5,672
Korin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 6 607
Kyuho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 5 488
Manshu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 1 - 1 - 18 1,194
Shamari . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 1 1,417
Shajo-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 1 - - 1 - 86 7,630
Horiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 3 1,400
Kaiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 13 597
Shajo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 - - 1 - 24 2,444
Shijukoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - 46 748
- -

Table 3.4: Location of police stations, post offices, doctors and schools in Okayama-Gum.
(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed. The sho and
gai administrative centers are italicized.)
Doctors Schools 1935 Population

Primary
Police Post & higher Primary:
- _ __ _ _ _ _ stations offices Japanese Formosan primaru Formosan Other Japanese Total
Okayama-gun, total . . . . . . . 2 3 - 33 2 17 l 1,392 148,401
A rem-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 4 - 1 - 18 8,826
A ren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - - - 13 2,691
Sekiantan . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 -- - - 0 2,130
Kuunin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - - - - 2 º
Enso-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 33 7,559
Konai-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - :; - 54 28,505
º
Chokatei . . . . . . . . . . . . -- - - - - 1 -- 15 11,220
Ishimai . . . . . . . . ... • * * * * 1 25 8,256
º Taiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-

-
-

-
-

-
-

- - 1
-

- 11 1,424
ſ
Mida-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 - 4 - 95 26,720
!.
Mida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - 1 - 35 2,633
Shikan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 1 - 26 3,557
Shinsekishi . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - º 2
Koshiryo . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - º º
Namshi-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 - 9 1 2 - 616 18,606
Kyoshito . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 4 - - - 424 1,603
Namshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 5 - 1 - 124 2,573
Shiryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 56 1,895
Okayama-gai . . . . . . . . . . - 1 : - 7 1 3 1 429 15,285
Gokobi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 16 1,470
Koko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — - - 2 - - - 94 1,201
Okayama . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 - 5 1 1 1 300 4,383
Rochiku-sho - - - 4 - 1 - 69 14,341
Rochiku . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - 1 - 24 3,719
Taisha . . . . . . . . .. . . . . - - - 2 - - - 20 3,280
Saei-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 6 - 2 - 69 17,945
Hishito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 - - - 26 1,275
Saei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 1 - 26 7,868
Uchu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 - 1 - 17 2,392

63
º

º
6. DEPARTMENT of HARBOR AFFAIRs (Komu-bu) Takao council of eight, of which he is the chairman and the
shi, Shogen-cho deputy mayor, and six members elected from the city
assembly.
Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Takao and Heito each have a city assembly, half of
Head of department (also head of whose members are appointed by the governor of the
police affairs section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 province, half elected by the qualified voters. In 1940
Harbor affairs official (also head of there were 19 Japanese and 10 Formosan-Chinese in the
marine affairs section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Takao Assembly; 15 Japanese and 13 Formosan-Chinese
in the Heito Assembly.
Harbor physician (also head of quarantine section) 1
Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Harbor petty officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Harbor veterinarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Mayor (Shiin) also regional commissioner. . . . . . . . 1
Quarantine officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Assistant to the mayor (also regional
Sanitation technical aide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 commissioner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.

Industrial production director (also head of

industrial section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
7. TAKAO CITY TAX OFFICE.
Public works technician (also head of
(It is uncertain whether this office is included in item industrial section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
4.) Sanitation technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
School inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
8. HEIto TAxATION BRANCH office (Heito Zeimu. Shutcho-. Attached personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
sho) Heito-shi, Wakamatsu-cho Technical aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 41

Industrial production secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Industrial production technical aide. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.

Director (also regional commissioner) . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Public works secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Construction technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Public works technical aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Attached personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Social affairs secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Technical aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Social educational secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Taxation officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Construction technical aide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

12. HEito city HALL. Heito-shi, Hom-machi.

9. TAKAo PolicE station (Takao Keisatsu-sho) Takao Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

shi, Minato-machi
Mayor (also regional commissioner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Assistant to mayor (also regional commissioner) .. 1

Head of station (also regional police supervisor). .
Police inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assistant police inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial production director (also head of
1 industry section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
5 Sanitation technician (also head of
4 sanitation section) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
School inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

10. HEito PolicE station. Heito-shi, Sakae-machi Attached personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Technical aides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Total personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Industrial production secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Head of station (also regional police supervisor) .. 1 Industrial production technical aide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Police inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Public works secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Public works technical aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Assistant police inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Social affairs secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Social education secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

11. TAKAo city HALL (Takao Shiyaku-sho) Takao-shi,
Minato-machi
13. GUN offices (Gunyaku-sho)
The mayor, an official of sonin (second-class) rank, is
appointed by the Governor-General, but is responsible The gun-shu (gun-head) is appointed by the governor
directly to the governor of the province. He has power general and acts under the supervision of the governor
to veto acts of the city assembly. He is assisted by a of the province. He can nullify acts of the heads of gai
54
or sho when such acts are contrary to regulations or
inimical to the public welfare.
The gun has no assemblies. Each has a local council
to assist the gun-shu (gun-head). Members are selected
from among the prominent people in the community.
The heads of gai and sho are paid officials appointed by
the governor-general. They are usually of hanmin (third
class) rank, but thirty in all Taiwan may be of sonin
(second-class) rank. They are directly responsible to the
gun administration.
The gai and sho heads preside over an assembly of from
8 to 20 members, half of whom are appointed by the gover
nor-general and half elected by qualified voters. The
function of the assembly is to submit opinions on various
problems when asked to do so by higher authority.

- - -

37 És –; 7: : Tr: #: $
Gun office and location *i #: # É# # # # 3i
## §§ ** :£ -: § # g
O

ALL GUN OFFICES. . . . . . . . . . . . 152 ‘7 7 46 18 7 24 43

Chosu Gun Office:

Chosu-gun, Chosu-gai . . . . . . . . 26 1 1 6 4 2 5 7

Heito Gun Office:

Heito-shi, Sakao-cho . . . . . . . . . 20 1 1 7 2 - 4 5

Hozan Gun Office:

Hozan-gun, Hozan-gai ....... 20 1 1 7 2 - 2 7

Kizan Gun Office:

Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai . . . . . . . . 25 1 1 7 3 - 7 6

Koshun Gun Office:

Koshun-gun, Koshun-sho . . . . . 15 1 1 4 2 2 2 3

Okayama Gun Office:

Okayama-gum, Okayama-gai. . . 26 1 1. 9 2 2 2 9

Toko Gun Office:

Toko-gun, Toko-gai . . . . . . . . . . 20 1 1 6 3 1 2 6

14. GOVERNMENT-GENERAL AGENCIES. (4) Lighthouses and meteorological observatories (see

Section IV, p. 18 f.).
a. Agencies maintained in the province by the Goverm
ment-General. (5) Customs stations (see Section IV, p. 18 f.).

(1) Courts and a prison (see Section IX, p. 58 f.). (6) Monopoly bureau offices (see Section V, p. 25 f.).

(2) Deposit bureau branches (see Section IX, p. 58ff.). (7) Hospitals (see Section XI, p. 66 f.).
(3) Agricultural agencies (see Section II, p. 5 ff.). (8) Postoffices (see tables 28-35 in Section IX, p. 62
ff.).

55
 Table 35: Location of police stations, postoffices, doctors and schools in Toko-Gun.

(The places listed include all sho and gai, but only those towns and villages which have one or more of the listed
facilities. Population figures for the sho and gai include the population of towns and villages not listed. The admin
istrative centers are italicized.)

Doctors Schools 1935 Population

Police Post
primary
& higher Primary:
stations offices Japanese Formosan primary Formosan Other Japanese Total

Toko-gun, total . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 6 22 2 14 3 996 92,694

Bantan-sho . . .. . .. . .. . . 2 1 - 6 - 3 1 191 20,061
Bantan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - 5 - 1 1 77 3,684
Shahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 13 3,284
Shinshoshi . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 1 - 1 - 12 3,426
Kato-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - - 2 - 2 1 29 12,619
Kato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 1 - 1 1 21 3,012
Sekkokan . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - - - 0 3,689
Shoryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. - - - - 1 - 7 1,540
Roen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - •) 2

Rimpen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 9 1 3 - 416 15,590

Chikushikyaku . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 1 - 5 1,372
Keishu .. . .. . .. . ... . . - - - 4 1 1 — 358 3,888
Rimpen ....... ...... - - - 4 - - 1 - 52 4,335
Ryukyu-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 1. 1 - 1 - 13 5,216
Shinen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - - 3 - 3 – 54 20,949
Kancho . . .. . . .. . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 19 1,839
Senkobyo . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - 1 - — - 15 1,416
Shinen . .. . ... . . . .. .. - - - 1 — 1 - 0 3,622
Uryu ..... .......... 1 - - 1 - 1 - 9 6,062

Toko-gai .... . ......... - 1. 5 1 1 2 1. 293 18,259

Daitanshin . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - 0 974
Toko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 5 1 1 1 1 275 13,176

64
 X. PUBLIC FINANCE

1. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Government-General Table 38: Estimated revenue of shi, gai, and sho in
planned to spend ¥208,602,000 in 1939; the provinces, Takao Province, 1939.
¥34,690,806; and the shi, gai and sho, Y36,961,486. The
Total estimated revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¥6,170,901
Government-General expenditures included subsidies to
the provinces of ¥6,140,369 and to the shi, gai and sho of From property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,694
¥908,269. The provincial expenditures included subsidies Rent and commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925,791
Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,097
to shi, gai and sho of ¥2,367,961.
Subsidy from national treasury . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,310
The following tables give income and expenditure for Subsidy from Takao Province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506,288
Takao Province and for shi, gai and sho in the province Donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,789
according to estimates for 1939, the latest figures avail Transfer fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,129
able. Sales of property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,607
Carried over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313,022
Table 36: Estimated revenue for Takao provincial Miscellaneous income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538,141
government, 1939. Shi, gai, sho tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,811,033
Shi, gai, sho loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321,000
Total estimated revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y6,291,384
Local tax . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . ... .. . . . 3,381,527 Table 39: Estimated expenditures of shi, gai and sho in
Income tax . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . . 232,918
Land surtax . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 1,286,365 Takao Province, 1939.
Business surtax .. . . .. .. . . . . . 420,244
Total expenditures . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¥6,170,901
Mining surtax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
House surtax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219,231 Total, ordinary expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,259,085
Special business surtax. . . . . . . 119,172 Shrine expense . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ... 20,451
Miscellaneous tax . . . . . . . . . . . 1.103.324. Assembly expense . . . . . . . . . . ........... . . 14,889
3,381,527 General office expense . . . . . . ............. 828,038
Public works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,422
Subsidy from national treasury. . . . . . . . . . 1,012,199 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861,861
Educational subsidy . . . . . . . . . 233,728 Expense for public halls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,125
Sanitation subsidy . . . . . . . . . . 43,750 Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,211
Industrial encouragement Soiled objects disposal expense . . . . . . . . . . . 133,658
subsidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213,349 Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,323
Social affairs subsidy. . . . . . . . 3,000 Encouragement of industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280,806
Public works subsidy. . . . . . . . . 498,498 Social affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,782
Air defense subsidy. . . . . . . . . . 19,874 Local improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,909
1,012,199 Handling public funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,726
Managing foundation property . . . . . . . . . . . 111,550
Carried over from previous year. . . . . . . . . 141,055 Election expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,436
Other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,756,603 Property expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,863
Various tax and share. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,883
From gai and sho. . . . . . . . . . . . 88,000 Preservation of historical sites . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Estate income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,474
Donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,744 Expenses for guarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,519
. Rent and commissions. . . . . . . . 293,647 Miscellaneous expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,814
Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,000 Other expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,648
Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,000
Miscellaneous income . . . . . . . . 1,150,738
1,756,603 Total, special expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,911,816
Table 37.: Estimated eacpenditures of Takao provincial Public works, building and repair . . . . . . . . . 720,330
government, 1939. Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,816
Encouragement of industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,196
Total estimated expenditures'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y6,291,384 Social affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,767
Government expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292,452 City planning expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,587
Public works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,561,419 Shi, gai, sho loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784,505
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,917,699 Subsidies and donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,073
Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337,392 Drawing fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,495
Encouragement of industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735,601 Expense for guarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,555
Social affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,450 Sinking funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,507
Building and repairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,850 Managing foundation property . . . . . . . . . . . 4,750
Assembly expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,022 Property purchase funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,023
Public loan expense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,035 Investigation of shi, gai, sho administration 5,978
9ther expense ............................ 1,073,464 Miscellaneous expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,800
Reserve expense .......................... 36,000 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,958
''An additional special expenditure of ¥1,442,168 is listed for Takao Educational expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,209
Province, of which W1,000,000 is stated as coming from the national
treasury. The expenditure seems to be for public land, but is not clear. Expense for adjusting land boundaries . . . . 229,267
No other province has funds listed under the same category. Continuing expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000

65
 XI. HEALTH
1. GENERAL STATEMENT. The Japanese have exerted
considerable effort to improve health conditions in Tai
wan, and as a result, smallpox, cholera, scarlet fever,
and plague have been practically eliminated from the
island. In 1932, in Takao Province, there were 2,173
deaths recorded from tuberculosis, 2,606 from diarrhoea
and enteritis, 736 from bronchitis, 547 from pneumonia,
156 from pleurisy, 75 from meningitis, 40 from whooping
cough, 35 from measles, 29 from influenza, 12 from
typhoid, 1 from paratyphoid, 3 from diphtheria, 2 from
dysentery, and none from smallpox or scarlet fever.
The Public health service in Taiwan is administered
through the police department of the Government-Gen
eral. The police serve as inspecting and enforcing agents
for a wide variety of health and sanitation regulations.
“Public doctors” are appointed by the provinces. These
are men who are stationed in designated areas, who re
ceive subsidies, and who engage in general medical prac
tice while at the same time serving as public-health
officials.
The Japanese have developed a system of training
midwives which helps relieve the shortage of doctors.
Training centers have been established at the govern
ment hospitals in Taihoku, Taichu and Tainan. These
centers offer a two-year course, and a one-year short
course. A system of examining applicants for midwives'
licenses was put into effect in 1923. By the spring of
1939, 890 had passed the examination and received
licenses.
2. TUBERCULOSIS. Deaths in Taiwan from tuberculosis
have been well over 8,000 each year. Known patients
have numbered eighty or ninety thousand. The only in
stitutions for tuberculous patients are the Government
General's Matsuyama Sanitarium, the tuberculous
patient ward of the Taiwan branch hospital of the Japan
Red Cross, and the isolation wards of other hospitals.
Although it was planned in 1939 to open provincial sani
taria in Taihoku and Tainan provinces, there is no tuber
culosis sanitarium in Takao Province. The capacity of the
isolation wards is not known.
3. MALARIA. Malaria is widespread in Taiwan. In 1938
the government had designated 190 malaria-infested dis
66
tricts for special treatment. The inhabitants are sub
jected to blood tests, and medicine is administered to those
bearing malaria germs. A mosquito-control program con
sisting of encouraging the use of mosquito nets, draining
swamps, weeding-out of wild grasses, bamboo, and trees
from breeding-places, and emphasizing general sanita
tion was inaugurated. Of the 3,273,543 persons in the 190
districts tested, 107,246 or 3.26 per cent were found to
be germ-bearers. It is known that a number of these
districts were in Takao Province, but only one is known
by name, Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai.
4. VENEREAL DISEASES. Of 1,210 geisha girls reported
in Taiwan in 1938, 248 were in Takao Province; of 991
licensed prostitutes, 222 were in the province; of 2,841
bar maids, 790 were in the province. The percentage of
individuals infected with venereal diseases was reported
as being equally high among the three groups. Examina
tions of prostitutes in Taiwan in 1936 numbered 46,624.
In 1932, 42,393 examinations were given to Japanese
girls, 3,619 to Formosan-Chinese girls, and 6,080 to Ko
rean girls. Of the total, 5,969 of the examinations given
to Japanese girls and 1,060 of those given to Korean
girls were in Takao Province, but there were no examina
tions of Formosan-Chinese girls reported.
5. Port QUARANTINE. Port quarantine regulations are
administered by the harbor departments (Kombu) in the
Government-General. The importation of rags, old cloth
ing, old hemp sacks, and articles of similar nature from
Shanghai and all Chinese ports to the south has been
prohibited since 1921. In November, 1929, Mekong,
Rangoon, Java, Calcutta and Bangkok were designated
as plague-infected areas. All ships from these ports have
been required, on their arrival, to undertake rat-exter
mination measures. Ships from the Philippines, India, the
Netherlands East Indies, and other places were required,
in normal times, to undergo a process of rat extermina
tion once every three months. At Keelung, Tamsui, and
Takao, rat prevention walls have been erected. All junks
arriving from the opposite shores of China are required
to load and unload within the walled areas, where watch
men are posted at all times. Ships at dock are required
to have all ropes, chains, and lines fitted with devices to
prevent the rats crossing from ship to shore.
 In the port cities and other major cities, rat extermina Takao
Taiwan Province
tion is either ordered or encouraged by the government
by paying for the captured rats or otherwise providing Dealers in occidental drugs. . . . 324 11

Dealers in Chinese drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,917 271

monetary inducements in the form of prizes and rewards.
Drug manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 0.
In 1938, the government purchased 56,799 rats, and ac Patent medicine manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876 96
quired 254,463 through means other than payment. Of Patent medicine sellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,564 1,021

these 39,175 rats were examined but none carried the Patent medicine peddlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,672 786

plague bacillus. Ice manufacturers 59 9

Ice sellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,206 1.269

Ice peddlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.426 655

6. HEALTH AGENCIES.. The 1939 edition of the Taiwan
Soft drink manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 134 26
Jijo (Conditions in Taiwan) lists a wide variety of Soft drink sellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,024 2.826

agencies under the title of “Health Agencies,” as shown Soft drink peddlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 268

in the following table: Dairies 71 11

Milk sellers 156 20

Table 40: Health agencies, Taiwan and Takao Province, Dairy product manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0

19.39. Dairy product sellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,927 1,677

Takao
Slaughter-houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 78
Taiwan Province
Meat sellers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . 4,127 391

Number of hospitals, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 28 Meat peddlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,233 563

Government hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2
Food peddlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,958 996
Municipal hospitals . . . . 18 4
Private hospitals . . . . . . . . . . 238 22 Dealers in leathers and animal bones. . . . . . . . .. . 128 32

Number of physicians, total 1,983 254 Places of processing animal hides and bones. . . . . . 52 14
In government offices . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . .. ... . 99 6 Crematoria . .. . . .. . ... . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 49 11
In government hospitals . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 241 22
Undertakers . .. .. . .. . ... . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . 77 17
In municipal hospitals . . . . . . . . ... ... . ... . .. . 50 1
Private practitioners excluding public doctors 1,321 182 Cloth dealers . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 28 7
Public doctors . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 272 43
Barbers . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 2,987 395
Isei (Native medical practitioners), total. . . 163 17
Hair dressers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 20
Number of dentists, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 63
In government hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0.
Foodstuff and dye material dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 5

In government offices . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0. Markets . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 324 66

Private practitioners excluding public dentists 394 63
Midwives 1,796 325

Nurses . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 170 3

Tooth-fitter and tooth-drawer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0. The Government-General operates a hospital in Takao

Acupuncturist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ..... ... .. 212 36 City, the Takao Iin, and one at Heito City, the Heito Iim.
Moxacauterist . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . .. . 197 26
One or more military hospitals are at Takao, and a 27-bed
Japanese style masseur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 63
sanitarium for mental patients, the Takao Jikeiin Hoyo
Occidental style masseur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 20

Judo art practitioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5

in. The names and locations of other hospitals are not
Bone-setters . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 10 known at present.
Number of pharmacists, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 42
In government offices . . . . 28 2 The location of the 66 Japanese and 188 Formosan
In government hospitals 44 5 Chinese doctors in Takao Province in 1939 is shown in
In public (municipal) hospitals 10 1
Private practitioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 34 Section VIII, p. 52 ff.

67
 XII. SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES

1. GENERAL STATEMENT. The educational system in Tai bureau of education of the Government-General super
wan is essentially the same as that in Japan with the vises the entire educational system and determines what
exception that there are special primary schools (ko texts shall be used.
gakko) for Formosan-Chinese children who cannot speak The distinction between shogakko and ko gakko was
Japanese, and special schools for the aborigines. Formo eliminated, in name at least, in April, 1941. These schools
san-Chinese students with sufficient command of the now are called kokumin gakko (national schools) to em
Japanese language and coming from families of some phasize the unity of the Formosan-Chinese and Japanese.
prestige among the Japanese, are admitted to the schools Tuition is charged, but the poor are exempted or
utilized by the Japanese. The total percentage of children allowed reductions. Families with two or more children
in Taiwan attending school falls far short of the per in school are granted reduced rates. In some instances
centage in Japan. where children live near the railway lines, free passes
The public-school system in Taiwan includes the fol are given.
lowing types of schools:
2. LIST OF SHOOLS.
Kindergartens
a. Schools maintained by Takao Province. Data on these
Elementary common education
six schools are as of April 1, 1939.
Primary schools for Japanese (and Formosan
Chinese who can speak Japanese) (sho gakko) Formosan
Staff Japanese Chinese
Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese (ko gakko) School personnel students students
Takao Middle School
Higher common and secondary education Takao-shi, Sankaiseki . . . . . . . . . . . 45 608 32s
Takao Girls Higher School
Higher primary schools (koto shogakko) Takao-shi, Reigaryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 398 33
Takao Commercial School
Middle schools (koto chugakko)
Takao-shi, Taikoho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 204 s2
Girls' high schools (koto jo gakko) Heito Girls Higher School
Higher schools (koto gakko) Heito-shi. Omiya-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 275 144
Heito Agricultural School
Heito-shi, Zuiho-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 79 366
Normal education Heito Middle School
Heito-shi, Kita-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 142 63
Normal schools (shihan gakko)

Specialized education b. Agricultural and commercial schools maintained lo

Higher commercial schools (koto shogyo gakko)
Higher industrial schools (koto kogyo gakko)
Agricultural department of the Taihoku Imperial
University (Rino-Gakubu)
Department of medical science of the Taihoku Im
perial University (Igaku bu)
cally. (For convenience, a special girls' school is included
in this section.) Data on these twelve schools are from a
report published in 1939. One principal is found on the
staff of each school; the rest are instructors or assistant
instructors.
School Personnel

Takao Commercial and Industrial Special School

University education
Taihoku Imperial University
Daigaku)
Special education
Deaf and dumb schools
Aborigine education
Special aborigine schools
Takao-shi, Minato-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Takao Girls' School, Takao-shi, Horie-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
(Taihoku Toikoku Heito Practical Commercial School
Heito-shi, Sakae-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Naiho Agricultural Public School, Choshu-gun, Naiho-sho..
Heito Agricultural Public School, Heito-gun, Choko-sho. . . .
Hozan Horticulture Special School, Hozan-gun, Hozam-gai..
Rinen Agricultural Special School, Hozan-gun, Rinen-sho..
Kizan Practical Agricultural School, Kizan-gun, Kizam-gai.
Okayama Agricultural School, Okayama-gun, Okayama-gai
Bantan Agricultural Special School, Toko-gun, Bantan-sho
Kato Agricultural Special School, Toko-gun, Kato-sho. . . . .
Toko Business School, Toko-gun, Toko-gai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Government-General maintains the normal schools,

the higher technical schools, the higher schools for boys, c. Primary schools and combined primary and higher
and the university. Other schools are maintained by the primary schools maintained locally. Data on these
provinces, gun, cities, villages, or private bodies. The eighteen schools are from a report published in 1939.
68
The personnel listed for each school includes one prin- - Staff
Location of school personnel
cipal; the rest are teachers. Hozan-gun, |..."; Tairimpo 1.
Hozan-gun, Rinen-sho, Rinen ...
School Personnel #:::::::::: #:... #. kudº - :
- - - ozan-gun, Tatju-sho, Kyukyoku
cºlº sº... ... 2 Hozan-gun, Taiju-sho, Taiju, ....... ... 8
Choshu Primary and Higher Primary School #. £::::::::: §. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - :
Choshu-gun, ºft. Primary school' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 5 #. #º. Tairyo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8
Heito Primary and Higher Primary Schoo - - - - -- a-- ºwn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Heito-shi, Sakae-cho ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Horie Primary and Higher Primary School
21 #::::::::::
ozan-gun,
#... ...'.................... - * * * * *********** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
:
Takao-shi, Horie-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai, Keishu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Hozan Primary and Higher Primary School Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai, Kizan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Hozan-gun. Hozan-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Kizan-gun. Kosen-sho, Kosen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Keishu Primary and Higher Primary School Kizan-gun, Mino-sho, Chikutokaku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Toko-gun, Rim pen-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Kizan-gun, Mino-sho, Kichiyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.
Kizan Primary and Higher Primary School Kizam-gun, Mino-sho, Mino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Kizam-gun, Kizam-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Kizam-gun, Mino-sho, Ryuto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Kominato Primary and Higher Primary School Kizan-gun, Denrvo-sho, Denryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Hozan-gun, Kominato-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Kizam-gun, Denruo-sho, Koteiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - 4.
Kosen Primary School, Kizan-gun, Kosen-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Kizan-gun, Denryo-sho, Kounun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Koshun Primary and Higher Primary School Kizam-gun, Naimon-sho, Kohyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Koshun-gun. Koshun-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Kizan-gun, Naimon-sho, Naimon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Kyukyokudo Primary and Higher Primary School Kizam-gun, Rokki-sho, Rokki .. 5
Hozan-gun, Taiju-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Kizam-gun, Rokki-sho, Shini . . 3
Minato Primary and Higher Primary School Kizam-gun, Sanrin-sho, Getsubi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Takao-shi, Minato-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Kizan-gun, Sanrin-sho, Sanrin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Nanshi Primary School, Okayama-gun, Nanshi-sho., - - - - - - 5 -

Okayama Primary and Higher Primary School Koshun-gun, Koshun, Koshun First . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Okayama-gun, Okayama-gai . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Koshun-gun, Koshun-sho, Koshun Second . 5
Riko Primary School, Heito-gun, Riko-sho... - - - 2 Koshun-gun. Manshu-sho. Manshu . . 6
Rokki Primary School, Heito-gun, Rokki-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Koshun-gun, Shajo-sho. Shajo ... . . .... . . . . - 11
º
Tokiwa Primary Higher Primary School Koshun-gun. Aborigine school, Koshibutsu-sha, Koshibutsu. . 2
Heito-gun, Riko-sho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Oka,
Tº...º. Higher - -
Primary School - -
3 yama-gun, Aren-sho,
Okayama-gun, Enso-sho, Aren .. .
Yokoyama . 6
3
o-gun. 0-fººt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Okayama-gun, #. º: - - - - - 7
Okayama-gun, Konai-sho, okatei 12
- - - - Okayama-gun, Komai-sho, Ishinai . . . . . . . . . . 11
d. Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese maintained Okayama-gun, Konai-sho, Taiko . . . . . . 5
locally. Data on these 111 schools are from a report pub - Okayama-gun,
Okayama-gun, Saei-sho, Uchu
Saei-sho, Saei . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 18
4

lished in 1939. Staff personnel listed for each school in- 3. #. §ºirº 1.
cludes one principal; the rest are teachers. 3. *... §an ......................... 7
Okayama-gun, Mida-sho, Shinseki 2
- Okayama-gun, Nanshi-sho, - Nanshi 7
- Staff Okayama-uum, Nanshi-sho, Shiryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Location of school personnel Okayama-gun, Okayama-gai, Gokobi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Heito-shi. Kaiho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 4 Okayama-gun, §...º.º.º.” - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15
Heito-shi, Kokan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s Okayama-gun, Rochiku-sho, Rochiku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Heito-shi, Kurogame-cho 24
Heito-shi, Omiya-cho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
- - - - - - - - - - - Toko-gun, Bantan-sho, Bantan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9
Heito-shi. Showa-cho
- - - - -
7 #::::: |...}. sº
Toko-gun, Bantan-sho, inshoshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ;
Takao-shi, Chushu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . s Toko-gun, Kato-sho, Kato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Takao-shi, Heiwa-cho . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 25 #:... #."ºn - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Takao-shi, Naii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . 10 ofto-uttºn, farm pert-sho, Keishu . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .

Takao-shi, Reigaryo . . . . . . . . . ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24 #::::::::: #. §.” - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1:
Takao-shi. Sankaiseki .. - 81 oko-gun, rampen-sho, Rimpen . . . . . . .
Takao-shi, Zenkin . . . . . . . - - - - - - 21 #.. §."kº - :
Choshu-gun, #:::::::::: É. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 #. §. §. ..................... ..... 6
Choshu-gun, Bamran-sho, Gokosui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Toko- , Shi -sho. Uryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Choshu-gun, Banran-sho, Kasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 6 #. }. Đàºhin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8
Choshu-gun, Boryo-sho,
Choshu-gun, Boryo-sho, Boryo . .
Hokkibi 9
3. Toko-gun,
onto-gun, Toko-gai.
forco-trat, Toko
ioko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.::::::: #. jºrs"
hoshu-gun, Choshu-gai,
Choshu-gun, Bozan-sho, Fuko . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Choshu
- 6
4
17 3. Libraries. Four libraries existed
- - - -
in Takao Province-

Choshu-gun, Choshu-gai, Shirin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 in 1936, with the possible addition of a few small libraries
Choshu-gun, Naiho-sho, Naiho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 ined b
- h -

Choshu-gun, Naiho-sho, Rohi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 maintained by a gai or sho. -

§. Nº. Shinhokusei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . łł
hu- , Naiho-sho, Shintosei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. -

3. §...”.” 10 Takao Library

Choshu-gun, Takeda-sho, Seisei ... ita
Choshu-gun, Takeda-sho, Takeda 10
4
Takao-sh
-sh;
i, Yamashita-cho
Choshu-gun, Aborigine school, Naishito-sha ............. 2 • Established: 1925
Choshu-gun, Aborigine school, Subon-sha, Ritsubo . . . . . . . . 2 Number of volumes: 7.187
Heito-gun, Choko-sho, Banshiyro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - * >
Heito-gun, Choko-sho, Choko ............................ 14 - -

#:::::::: º: #.” - - - -

eito-gun, Empo-sho, Empo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7
11
Heito Library
- -

#::::: #: Kosho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Heito-shi, Moto-cho

eito-gun, Kuukai-sho,
Heito-gun, Kyukai
Riko-sho, Riko . . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9
18 Established: 1926 - -

Heito-gun, Riko-sho, Toko ......................... 4 Number of volumes: 12,591

Heito-gun, Takagi-sho, Hinode 3
Heito-gun, Takagi-sho, Kyuryo . 2 -

Heito-gun, Takagi-sho, Takagi .................... - 8 Hozan Library

Heito-gun, Aborigine school, Tokubun-sha, Tokubun ...... 2 Hozam-gun, Hozan-gai, Kenko
- y - y
Hozan-gun, Hozan-gai, Goko .............. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - -

Hozan-gun, Hozan-dai, Hozan .............. 21 Established: 1923

#.g. Hozan-gai, #. - - 3
ozan-gun, Jimbu-sho, Jimbu . - - - 4 - -

#:::::::: Jimbu-sho, A. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 Kizan Library

ozan-gun, Kominato-sho,
Hozan-gun, Kominato-sho, Kominato . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........
Komoko ............. .... . .. 3
3 Kizam gun, Kizam-gai
-
g
-

Hozan-gun, Kominato-sho, Taihei ........................ 2 Established: 1924

69
26. Kigo, an old Formosan-Chinese settlement near
Takao harbor.

27. Looking south along Kigo Peninsula from the ruins

of the old Chinese fort at Takao harbor. This narrow
sand-bar separates Takao Lagoon (left) from the sea
(right).
70
 Part II
LOCAL DATA
I. INTRODUCTION
Available data are assembled in this section on each
gun and its subdivisions, but the data are uneven, being
more complete on some areas and subjects than on others.
The population figures and the information on the loca
tion of doctors, schools and post offices were taken front
official listings that purported to be complete. The loca
tions of police stations were determined from symbols
on Japanese maps which did not distinguish the type of
station. Other information was taken from a variety of
sources, including the Taiwan Tetsudo Annai (Railway
Guide to Taiwan), and the Nihon Chimei Daijiten (Japa
nese Geographical Place-name Encyclopedia). These
sources happened to name a number of cooperative asso
ciations in Kizam-gum but none in other gun, which does
not mean that such associations may not be equally fre
quent in the other gun. In like manner, the statement
was made for one or two places that the Japanese flag
II. TAKAO CITY
-
The population of Takao City increased over 60 per
cent between 1935 and 1940 (from 94,017 to 152,365) a
reflection of recent industrial and military developments
in the area. The Japanese population increased from
22,165 to 28,336. The industrial development has been
subsidized by the Government-General, the 1938 budget
of which carried an item of ¥1,000,000 for “subsidy to
the establishment of industrial zone facilities in Takao.”
Takao is on a narrow lagoon which extends south
eastward about eight miles, and is formed by a strip of
sand about 120 feet wide. It is connected with the sea by
a narrow harbor entrance protected by two breakwaters,
2,800 and 3,000 feet in length. On the north side of the
entrance is a 1,200-foot hill, Kotobuki-yama (Ape hill),
and on the south side, a 400-foot hill, Kigo-to (Saracen
Head) with a lighthouse on its summit. The three-quar
ter-mile stretch of the lagoon parallel to the main wharves
can accommodate about 20 large vessels, but ships of
10,000 tons or more must anchor in the outer harbor, just
north of the breakwaters. The main wharf berths eight
ships. The Japanese spent about ¥30,000,000 for port
improvements between 1908 and 1935, and since then have
greatly accelerated their expansion program.
Two shipyards, two marine-engine works, 31 slipways.
a graving dock, loading equipment, and many warehouses
are at the harbor. Additional naval and harbor facilities
and a large urban area with warehouses, industrial
plants, and residences have been developed recently at
Toshien, a little to the north. The Mako naval station in
was hoisted in a sho in order to impress the people with
the fact that they were under the benevolent rule of the
Japanese. Whether such a statement is an incidental ref
erence to the custom of flying the Japanese flag, or
whether it refers to something peculiar to the place
named, is not known.
No reference is made to telephone or telegraph facili
ties in the gun, but it is important to note that most, if
not all, of the post offices serve as telephone and telegraph
offices. In 1938 there were in Taiwan 194 post offices, 219
telegraph offices, and 222 telephone offices. In addition to
the telephone offices, there were 20,251 telephone sub
scribers in Taiwan, of whom 6,741 were Formosan
Chinese.
Rice-polishing mills are found in all the sho and gai
and are reported to be operated by electricity.
the Pescadores is now under the supervision of naval
headquarters at Takao.
The city is divided into a number of areas, which are
named in the population table in Appendix I, but the
exact location of each area and its characteristics have
not yet been determined. The triangular central section,
bounded on the south by the main wharf, on the west by
the railroad yard, and on the east by the Takao River,
is predominantly a Japanese residential district, with
warehouses at the southern part. Ta-machi (Den-cho)
is an industrial area along the river 1.9 miles from the
Takao railroad station. Sankaiseki on the east is an in
dustrial section 1.7 miles from the Takao station. Yama
shita-cho is 0.9 miles to the east from the station. Rei
garyo, where the aluminum plant is located, and Gishido
are industrial sections on the lagoon. Minato-cho at the
foot of Kotobuki-yama is the oldest part of the city and
is the site of government offices and residences. Business
has expanded from here to Entei-cho, where formerly
salt beds were located. Zenkin-cho is to the north, across
the Takao River. Kigo-cho on the tip of the peninsula
and Heiwa-cho still comprise Formosan-Chinese areas.
Three highway bridges and three railroad bridges,
varying in length from 180 to 450 feet, cross the Takao
River.
A 1,700-foot tunnel under Kotobuki-yama leads to a
municipal bathing resort on the beach north of the harbor
entrance, where there is also a military hospital.
 Takao has a gas system, a water system which in 1936
supplied 50 per cent of the population, and a fire brigade
which in 1928 consisted of a chief, an assistant chief,
four section heads, and 63 firemen. The expenditures for
the fire brigade in that year were only ¥15,032. The fire-
fighting equipment in 1928 consisted of 1 automobile
pump, 1 steam pump, 4 hand pumps, 8 hose wagons, and 1
fire watch-tower.
The business firms and the governmental agencies in
Takao City are listed in Part I.

28. View of Takao City, looking west toward the harbor. The skyline (Kigo Peninsula) has been deleted.

... "

29. Takao railroad station. (This may have been replaced by a new structure.)
72
31. Gate in the remains of the old city wall, Takao.
 - III. CHOSHU GUN
1. SPECIAL FEATURES OF CHOSU-GUN.
In 1935 the population was 103,480, including 1,327
Japanese; in 1940, 108,485, including 1,480 Japanese.
About two-thirds of the area is in aborigine territory.
The production of the gun, about 1936, was valued at:
rice, Y4,380,000; sweet potatoes, Y1,380,000; bananas,
¥600,000; sugar cane, Y280,000; vegetables, Y220,000;
citrus fruits, #40,000; cattle, Y60,000; hogs, Y350,000;
poultry, Y110,000; marine products, Y25,000; charcoal,
¥50,000; and other products, Y80,000.
The Hoshi Seiyaku KK (Hoshi Drug Manufacturing
Co.) has an area of cinchona trees near Raisha.
The Hakka Chinese are found mainly in Shinchiku
Province and in Choshu-gun in Takao Province.
2. THE GAI AND SHO.
a. Bamran-sho.
Population, 1935: 14,913, of whom 106 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Banran.
Post office: at Choshu-gai.
Police stations: Three, one each at Banran, Kasa, and
Sekizan.
Schools: Three primary schools for Formosan-Chinese,
one each at Banran, Gokosui, and Kasa. -
Doctors, 1939: Three Formosan-Chinese doctors, tw
at Banran and one at Kasa.
Transportation: Banran is on a pushcar line and a
road running from Naiho on the north to Choshu on the
southeast. Chartered five-passenger automobiles once
operated from Choshu to Banran, Kasa, and Sekizan, the
rates being 15 sem, 25 sem, and 35 sem respectively.
Production about 1936: Rice, Y700,000; sugar cane,
¥300,000; sweet potatoes, Y70,000; vegetables, Y30,000;
bananas, Y120,000; forest products, Y30,000; cattle,
¥200,000; hogs, Y140,000; rice-polishing, and brick and
tile making, Y90,000.
Business firms: Takao Seika KK (Takao Fruit Co.).
This Formosan-Chinese firm was established in 1932 with
a capital of ¥300,000. The president was Rin Tokugyoku.
Special features:
Irrigation facilities in the southwest; dry-land farm
ing in the northeast.
There are quite a number of Catholics among the abori
gines who are living in the regular administrative areas.
The Bankin Tenshudo (Catholic missionary building)
was erected in 1859. At Sekizan is a Christian chapel
erected about 80 years ago.
b. Boryo-sho.
Population, 1935: 12,130, of whom 116 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Boryo. - Doctors, 1939: Two Japanese doctors, one at Choshu,
Post office: at Boryo.
Police stations: at Boryo, Hokkibi, and Suiteiryo.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Boryo, Hokkibi, and Suiteiryo.
74
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Sui
teiryo and one at Hokuseiryo.
Sho production: About 1936, agricultural production
was valued at ¥1,200,000 and marine products at ¥250,000.
Transportation: There is an airfield at Suiteiryo, and
a landing field at Boryo. The government railroad run
ning from Takao was extended from Keishu to Boryo
about 1940. A pushcar line was in operation from Boryo
northwest along the coast. Bus service is in operation
along the coastal highway through Boryo.
Government agencies: A customs-house observation
post is located at Boryo.
Special features:
Boryo is a refuge anchorage, the best anchorage being
near a ten-meter depth where a fixed white light on the
north side of the town (on a fire lookout station) bears
17° at 1,400 meters. The Japanese Sailing Directions also
state that there are 25 wells in the town, but that the
water must be boiled, and that the pork is dangerous,
often causing diarrhoea.
A monument to mark the landing place of General Nogi
when he arrived in 1896 with the 3rd Regiment, was
erected at Boryo in 1923.
c. Bozam-sho.
Population, 1935: 3,290, of whom 52 were Japanese.
Post office: Bozan.
Police stations: Four, one each at Bozan, Fuko, Karo
kudo, and Nanseiko.
Schools: Two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese,
one at Bozan, one at Fuko.
Doctors, 1939: One Formosan-Chinese doctor at Fuko.
Transportation: Bozan is on the main coastal highway.
Business firms: Bozan Bussam Kaisha (Bozan Prod
ucts Co.)
Special features:
Bozan is a small area along the coast at the place where
the aborigine district almost reaches the coast. It is irri
gated by two streams, the Shinokyaku-kei and the Fuko
kei. Because of the lack of a good harbor, there is no deep
sea fishing.
A ruined fortress built during the Chinese period for
use against the aborigines is in the sho.
d. Choshu-gai.
Population, 1935: 14,015, including 562 Japanese and
888 foreign Chinese.
Administrative seat: Choshu.
Post office: Choshu.
Police station : Choshu.
Schools: Two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese,
one at Shirin. A primary and higher primary school is in
Choshu-gai.
the other at Gokairyo; six Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Choshu.
Gai production, about 1936: Rice, Y650,000; sweet
potatoes, Y250,000; sugar cane, Y70,000; bananas, #67,
000; vegetables, Y70,000; cattle, Y130,000; hogs, Y170,000;
manufacturing, #1,120,000.
Transportation: On the government railroad line 24.7
miles from the Takao station and 4.5 miles from the
Keishu station. A branch of this line runs from Rimpen
or Keishu to Toko.
A pushcar line runs from Choshu northeast to Banran.
A pushcar line from Choshu to Boryo may have been dis
continued with the completion in 1940 of the government
raidroad to Boryo.
Choshu is at the junction of at least two highways.
Chartered automobiles run from Choshu south to Gar
ambi at the southern tip of the island and northeast to
Banran, Kasa, and Sekizan.
Rickshaws are available at a rate of 50 sem per ri (2.44
miles) on level road, 30 sen a ri for two-passenger sedan
chairs. " Post office: at Choshu in Choshu-gai.
Government agencies:
Gun and sho offices:
Branch of the Takao court.
A government agricultural warehouse.
Business firms:
A branch of the Taiwan Commercial and Industrial
Bank.
Choshu-gai Kyobai Ichiba KK (Choshu-gai Wholesale
Market Co., Ltd.) Food dealers. Founded: June 1938.
Capital: Y50,000.
Nano Umyo KK (Nano Transportation Co., Ltd.).
Located at Tokairyo. Founded: April, 1926. Capital:
Y100,000.
Special features: Choshu-gai is an agricultural region
known as “the land of the Choshu rice.”
e. Naiho-sho.
Population, 1935: 22,956, of whom 125 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Naiho.
Post office: at Naiho.
Police stations: at Naiho, Shinhokusei and Shintosei.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Naiho, Rohi, Shinhokusei and Shintosei. The Naiho Agri
cultural Public School is also at Naiho.
Doctors, 1931 : Four Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Naiho, one at Rohi, and one at Shinhokusei.
IV. HEITO GUN
1. SPECIAL FEATURES OF HEITO-GUN.
Exclusive of Heito City, the 1935 population was 67,774,
of whom 1,564 were Japanese. The 1940 population was
69,789, of whom 1,575 were Japanese.
About three-fifths of the area is in aborigine territory,
which is occupied by people of the Paiwan, Bunan and
Tsuo tribes.
Heito City is an important military center.
The widespread flood-control measures on the Shimo
tamsui River are under the immediate supervision of the
Shimo-tamsui Conservancy Office in Heito.
Heito-gun is one of the three best rice-producing re
gions in Taiwan.
75
Transportation: A pushcar line, paralleled by a high
way, runs from Naiho to Heito, and another line and
road run to Choshu.
Sho production: The value of production about 1936
was rice, Y1,000,000; bananas, Y150,000 (from 300 ko of
land); sugar cane, Y200,000; sweet potatoes, Y60,000;
vegetables, Y30,000; cattle, Y30,000; hogs, Y270,000. In
addition there was production of fruits, pineapples, and
poultry.
Special features: The Rohi Farm of the Taiwan Pine
apple Co., is in the sho and has an area of 1,000 ko (2,397
acres).
f. Shimpi-sho.
Population, 1935: 7,093, of whom 25 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Shimpi.
Police stations: at Shimpi and Kotan.
Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Shimpi.
Transportation: Shimpi is on a secondary road and a
trail leading into aborigine territory.
g. Takeda-sho.
Population, 1935: 9,778, of whom 76 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Takeda.
Post office; at Naiho, in Naiho-sho.
Police station: at Takeda.
Schools: Two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese,
one at Takeda, the other at Saisei.
Transportation: Takeda and Saisei are both on the
main government railroad line. The Takeda station is
22.2 miles from the Takao station and 7 miles from
Keishu. The Saisei station is 2.2 miles north of Takeda.
The Government-General budget for 1938 had an item of
¥46,576 for double-tracking in front of the Takeda station.
A pushcar line runs from Saisei to Naiho in Naiho-sho.
The distance is 2.7 miles, the fare 21 sen, plus two per
cent at night and in rainy weather.
A bus line operates on the highway from Saisei, Takeda
to Naiho, the fare being 20 sen. No bus service is reported
from Takeda to Choshu, a distance of two and a half
miles.
2. HEITO CITY AND THE sho.
a. Heito City.
Population, 1935 and 1940: In 1935 the population was
46,398, including 5,798 Japanese; in 1940, 54,756, includ
ing 6,747 Japanese.
Post office: a second-class post office.
Doctors, 1939: 13 Japanese and 23 Formosan-Chinese
doctors.
Schools: In addition to five primary schools for For
mosan-Chinese there are the Heito Primary and Higher
Primary School, the Heito Girls' Higher School, the Heito
Agricultural School, the Heito Middle School, the Heito
Practical Commercial School, and the Heito Agricultural
Public School.
Transportation: Heito is on the main government line,
15.3 miles from Takao, 44.2 miles from Tainan, 82.4 miles
from Kagi, 143.6 miles from Taichu, 249.7 miles from
Taihoku and 267.5 miles from Keelung. There are two
stations in Heito, the main station, and the Rokkaiseki
station, which is one-and-a-half miles to the west. The
first-class fare to Takao was $1, the second-class Y0.69,
the third-class Y0.39. Keishu is 13.9 miles to the south,
the respective fares being ¥0.91, ¥0.63, and ¥0.35.
A pushcar line of the Taiwan Sugar Co. runs north
from Heito to Riko, a distance of 9.7 miles, the third-class
fare being 39 sem. Another line runs from Heito to Naiho
on the east.
Heito is at the junction of a number of highways with
bus service to Kyuryo, 18.3 miles; Enhoshi, 16.2 miles;
Enho, 8.6 miles; and Banshiryo, 6.2 miles.
Rickshaw service is available at a rate of 35 sem a ri
(2.44 miles), plus two per cent for travel at night or in
stormy weather.
Government agencies: In Heito are the city hall in
Hon-machi, the gun office in Sakae-cho, the Government
General Heito Hospital, a branch of the Takao court, the
Heito Branch Tax Office, the Heito Police Station, a
branch office of the Monopoly Bureau, the Shimo-tamsui
River Conservancy Office, a branch office of the Rice and
Other Cereals Bureau, and an Agricultural Experimental
Station. The 8th Air Corps Regiment was established
in 1927 a little to the north and west of the Rokkaiseki
station. -
The Government-General budget for 1938 included an
item of ¥70,000 for the Heito Police Station, apparently
for the purpose of new buildings.
Business firms:
Taiwan Ginko K.K. (Bank of Taiwan, Ltd.), Manager
—UJIKI Hibun.
Taiwan Shoko Ginko K.K. (Taiwan Commercial &
Industrial Bank, Ltd.).
Heito Kasetsu Jidosha K.K. (Heito Kasetsu Automo
bile Co. Ltd.). Auto passenger transportation. Founded:
August, 1938. Capital: Y200,000 of ¥100,000.
Heito Kogyo K.K. (Heito Industrial Co. Ltd.). Milk,
farms, livestock. Founded: January, 1938. Capital:
¥100,000.
Heito Seihyo K.K. (Heito Ice Mfg. Co. Ltd.). Ice manu
facturers. Founded: October, 1921. Capital : Y 100,000.
Heito Seiyaku K.K. (Heito Medicine Mfg. Co. Ltd.).
Drugs and medicines. Founded: February, 1921. Capital:
¥100,000.
Heito Shintaku K.K. (Heito Trust Co. Ltd.). Founded:
March, 1920. Capital : Y 1,050,000. President: RI Kaizan.
(The same firm is listed also for Toko-gun, Bantan-sho.)
Taiwan Kohi K.K. (Taiwan Coffee Co. Ltd.). Coffee
and tea plantations. Founded: November, 1939. Capital:
¥150,000.
Taiei Koshi K.K. (Taiei Co. Ltd.). Real estate “Selling
goods.” Founded: December, 1938. Capital: Y150,000.
76
Taiwan Renga K.K. (Taiwan Brick Co. Ltd.) One of
12 branches in the island. Headquarters: Taihoku.
Taiwan Sangyo Shigen K.K. (Taiwan Industrial Re
sources Co. Ltd.). Headquarters: Taihoku-shi. Founded:
November, 1934. Capital: Y1,000,000.
Taiwan Seito K.K. (Taiwan Sugar Co. Ltd.). Con
structed 1910. Largest sugar mill in Taiwan, with daily
cane-crushing capacity of 3,000 tons. Daily alcohol ca
pacity 5,712 gallons (1934). New dry-alcohol plant
erected, annual capacity 2,383,000 gallons. Electric power
plant; coal and bagasse burned for fuel. Railways extend
130.47 miles.
Yamato (Owa) Shoku K.K. (Yamato Trading Co.
Ltd.). Real estate. Founded: May, 1938. Capital:
Y100,000. -
Hotels: Heito Hotel; Hamaya; Samyo Hotel. Rates
¥2.50 to ¥5.00.
Restaurants: Izutsu; Umezono; Nisshinro; Akagi
kan; Taiwan Daiichiro.
Special features: Heito is important primarily as a
military zone and secondarily as a center for agricultural
products. There are barracks, an airport to the west
between the city and the river, and possibly a prisoner
of-war camp to the southeast.
Originally the section was a forest occupied by the
Akau aborigines. The first town was called Ako, being
changed in 1920 to “Heito” when Heito-gun was estab
lished. The town became a city in 1933.
A 1936 report states that the town was recently re
zoned, the street names changed, and the town divided
into 14 cho, although Suehiro-cho, Moto-machi, Sakae
cho, Wakatake-cho and others are not included in the city
limits.
Heito Park at the northern end of the town is one of
the outstanding parks in Taiwan. It has a baseball ground
and tennis courts.
Near Heito Park is the Aborigine House, which was
modeled after an aborigine home and is used as a lodging
place for aborigines who come from the mountains.
In Heito City is the Ako shrine, a provincial shrine
dedicated to Prince Kitashirakawa, who led the Japanese
expeditionary forces in 1895 in their conquest of Taiwan.
A “holy” bamboo grove, known as the Zuichikurin
Memorial, is found on the grounds of the Taiwan Sugar
Company. The luxurious clump has grown from lengths of
giant bamboo cut in Taichu Province in 1923 and brought
to this spot to build a temporary arbor in which the crown
prince was entertained. The prince's visit was delayed so
long that the pillars of the arbor took root, and propa
ganda has created a “sacred” place of pilgrimage for
all good Japanese. The site has no significance for the
Formosan-Chinese, who are well aware of the ease with
which any cutting can be rooted in that warm, moist
climate.
Three ruins are at Heito: the Heito Shoin, formerly a
Formosan-Chinese school and known locally as the A-kau
Su'i; and two temples, the A-kau Koan-te'-bio and the
A kau Chu-hong si.
b. Choko-sho.
Population, 1935: 16,027, of whom 117 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Choko.
Post office: at Heito City.
Police station: at Rinraku.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are at
Banshiryo, Rinraku, and at Choko, where there is also
the Heito Agricultural Public School.
Transportation: Choko is on a secondary road running
into Heito City.
Special features: The Itsuryo River flood control proj
ect was under construction around 1936.
c. Empo-sho.
Population, 1935: 13,123, of whom 150 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Empo.
Post office: at Heito City.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Empo.
Doctors, 1939: A Formosan-Chinese doctor at Empo.
Transportation: Empo is at the junction of two roads.
Special features: The western part of the sho has wet
rice, the eastern part, dryfields and grazing land.
d. Kyukai-sho.
Population, 1935: 7,749, of whom 240 were Japanese.
Area : about 140 square miles.
Administrative seat: Kyukai.
Post office: at Riko in Riko-sho.
Schools: two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese,
one at Kosho and one at Kyukai. -
Doctors, 1939: one Formosan-Chinese doctor at Kyukai.
Transportation : An airfield at Koshu, Kyukai is on
the government highway and on the Taiwan Sugar Co.
pushcar line between Heito and Riko.
Associations: Kyukai Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo
Kumiai (Kyukai Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization
Cooperative).
Special features: The foremost sho in the province for
its agricultural products. Agriculture is on a large-scale
basis.
e. Riko-sho.
Population, 1935: 11,249, of whom 877 were Japanese.
Administrative seat : Riko.
Post office: at Riko.
Police station: at Riko.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Riko and Toko; a primary school at Riko.
Doctors, 1939: four Formosan-Chinese doctors at Riko.
Transportation: An airfield has been reported to be at
Riko, but this may be the Heito field. Riko is at the junc
tion of north-south and east-west highways and on a
pushcar line of the Taiwan Sugar Co. The road to Nanchi
in Okayama-gum has a ferry across the Shimo-tamsui.
Sho production: About 1936, agricultural products
were valued at ¥1,000,000.
Business firms: The Taisho Jitsugyo Kaisha (Taisho
Industrial Co.) and the Yamato Nojo (Yamato Farm)
are in the sho.
A hydro-electric plant of the Taiwan Electric Co. is
77
near Riko at about 22° 45' N., 120° 30' W. It had a capac
ity in 1939 of 1,950 kilowatts. (This was erroneously
reported to be in Nimbu-sho, Hozan-gun in OPNAV
50E-13, Restricted, Civil Affairs Handbook, Taiwan
(Formosa)—Economic Supplement, page 91.)
Special features: Much of the cultivated land has been
reclaimed through conservancy measures on the Shimo
tamusi and Rono Rivers.
Two, and possibly three, agricultural settlements of
Japanese immigrants are in the sho.
f. Rokki-sho.
Location: Rokki-sho sometimes is said to be in Kizam
gun.
Population, 1935: 6,251, of whom 138 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Rokki
Post office: at Rokki.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Rokki and Shini, and in addition, a primary school at
Rokki.
Doctors, 1939: a Formosan-Chinese doctor at Rokki.
Transportation: A bus operates between Kizan and
Rokki, but the road is bad. There is a long ford south of
Rokki, and travel ceases when there are heavy rains. It
is uncertain whether the pushcar line of the Taiwan
Sugar Co., continues from Riko to Rokki.
Government agencies: a branch office of the monopoly
bureau.
Associations: The Rokki Shinyo Kumiai (Rokki Credit
Association) has a capital of ¥10,000. The Rokki Sugar
Co., had a mill in the sho, but it is reported to have failed,
the land being purchased by the Taiwan Sugar Co.
A generating plant with a capacity of 3,100 kw. has
been reported to be in Rokki-sho, but this appears clearly
to be an error. The plant is in the southeastern part of
Mino-sho in Kizam-gun.
Special features: The area is mountainous, has very
little agricultural land, and is bordered on the north and
east by aborigine territory. Many tourists to the aborig
ine region pass through here, so there are many hotels
operated by Japanese.
A “radium spa” is located in a recently established
village on the Horai River.
The sho is reported to have a water system.
The Kyoto Imperial University, in Japan, has a “Train
ing Forest” in the sho.
g. Takagi-sho.
Population, 1935: 12,692, of whom 38 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Takagi.
Post office: at Riko in Riko-sho.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Kyuryo and Takagi.
Sho production: About 1936 agricultural production
was valued at ¥1,300,000 and hogs at ¥70,000.
Business firms: The Oma Kogyo KK (Ona Industries
Co., Ltd.) was established at Denshi in 1927 with a
capitalization of ¥1,000,000. The firm deals in agriculture,
fruits, fibers and steel.
Transportation : Takagi is on a road and pushcar line,
about 17 miles from Heito. Some sources, however, indi
cate that the pushcar line does not extend beyond Riko.
 - -
-

-
º
- - - -

33. View of the countryside looking east from Takao toward Hozan from the Asano Cement Company property.
Much of this land is now taken up by military barracks and storehouses.
78
34. Paiwan village near Heito.

35. Paiwan aboriginal dwelling.

79
 V. HOZAN GUN
1. SPECIAL FEATURES OF HOZAN-GUN.
Hozan-gun had a population in 1935 of 106,086, of
whom 2,125 were Japanese; and a population in 1940 of
109,786, of whom 2,391 were Japanese.
About the year 1936 agricultural production was
valued at ¥7,000,000; livestock production at ¥1,800,000;
fishing and fish-culture at ¥400,000; sugar, pineapple
canning, bricks, lime and other manufacturing at ¥8,
400,000; and honey, a special product of the gun, at
¥3,000. The rice is said to be of a particularly good quality.
Hozan, being between Takao City and Heito City, is an
important transportation center and has shared in the
military developments of the two larger cities.
2. The gai and sho.
a. Hozam-gai.
Population, 1935: 19,837, of whom 831 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Hozan.
Post office: At Hozan.
Police station: At Goko.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
at Goko and at Hozan, where there also is a primary and
higher primary school and the Hozan Horticulture Spe
cial School.
Doctors, 1939: Eight Formosan-Chinese and two Japa
nese doctors in the gai.
Transportation: There is an airfield northeast of the
town of Hozan. -
Hozan is on the government railroad, 5.8 miles from
the Takao station and 23.4 miles from the Keishu station.
Five and a half miles to the east is the 5,007 foot bridge
over the Shimotamsui River.
The sugar-company railroad line runs from Hozan
southeast to Rinshihen, near the coast; the distance is
17.6 miles, the third-class fare 46 sen, the first-class fare,
92 sem.
A pushcar line, operated by a Mr. Kaneshige of Tai
hoku, runs from Hozan west to Reigaryo in Takao City.
The fare for the single-passenger pushcar is 32 sen, and
the time required is 20 minutes.
The main north-south highway runs through Hozan,
and the Koki Auto Co., Ltd., operates a bus service on
this road. The distance to Nanshi is 7.8 miles, the fare
35 sem, the time required, 40 minutes. To Rinshihen the
distance is 11.5 miles, the fare is 40 sem and the time
required, one hour. The road from Hozan to Choshu, via
Bantan, has a ford across the Shimotamsui.
Rickshaws are available at a rate of 30 sem per ri (2.44
miles). Sedan chairs for two are 50 sen per ri, and for
three, 70 sem. The fare is increased three per cent at
night, in stormy weather, or when the roads are difficult.
Government agencies: The Hozan naval radio station,
one of the most powerful in the orient, is about three miles
to the east of Hozan in Tairyo-sho.
At Hozan are the gun and gai offices, a branch of the
Takao court and a small library.
An anti-aircraft unit was stationed at Hozan prior to
the war.
80
The Livestock Breeding Farm and the Takao Province
Agricultural Society Poultry Farm are near Hozan, the
latter being about half a mile to the southeast. The
poultry-farm experiments with breeds of fowl and sells
or leases breeders to private individuals.
Business firms: A branch of the Taiwan Shoko Ginko
K.K. (Taiwan Commercial and Industrial Bank Ltd.).
Five pineapple canneries probably have been absorbed
by the Taiwan Godi Hori K.K. (Taiwan Amalgamated
Pineapple Co., Ltd.). They are the Taiwan Paimapuru
Kanzume K.K., the Hamabu Painapuru Kanzume K.K.,
the Daishin Painapuru Kanzume K.K., and the Eishun
Painapuru Kanzume K.K.
The Kohekirin mill of the Taiwan Sugar Co., is about
five miles south of Hozan in Kominato-sho.
The Hozam Shokuhin Kogyo K.K. (Hozan Food Prod
ucts Industries, Ltd.) is in Shinshoshi. It was founded in
1939 with a capital of ¥160,000.
The Okusho Seimeisho (Okusho Rice Processing Co.)
at Hozan, deals in grain and fertilizer. It was founded in
1935 with a capital of ¥100,000.
The Koki Jidosha K.K. (Koki Automobile Co., Ltd.) at
Shinshoshi is an automobile transportation and sales firm
that was founded in 1938 with a capital of ¥300,000.
The Samgisei Bussam K.K. (Sangisei Products Co.) is
a rice and grain company in Hozan that was founded in
1936 with a capital of Y100,000.
The Taikam Shoji K.K. (Taikan Trading Co., Ltd.)
was established at Hozan in 1930 with a capital of
Y100,000.
The Taisei Bussan K.K. (Taisei Products Co., Ltd.) at
Hozan deals in agriculture, forest products and livestock.
It was established in 1940 with a capital of ¥100,000.
The Taikan Shoji K.K. (Taikan Trading Co., Ltd.) is
reported to be a theatrical firm and dealer in negotiable
securities. It was founded in 1930 with a capital of
¥100,000.
The Iwashiro-kan hotel had rates of ¥2 to ¥3 about 1936.
A municipal market is said to be at Hozan.
Special features: Hozan is the chief pineapple-produc
ing area in Taiwan. The large size and fine flavor of the
pineapples grown here make them the best in the island.
The first pineapple cannery in Taiwan was constructed
at Hozan in 1902.
Hozan castle, constructed in 1804, is a little to the east
of the railroad station. It was used for the gun offices
around 1920 and seems to be so used at present. It is
described as a solid, magnificent building of 36 rooms,
including an auditorium.
Tengokyu or Sojitei shrine, dedicated to the goddesses
Kannon and Matsu, is a branch of the Tainan Matsu
shrine. Many people visit the shrine on Kannon Festival
day, the 19th of February, and on Matsu Festival day,
the 23rd of March.
The Soko Shrine is to the east of the railroad station
at Hozan. It was erected in honor of the late governor
Soko, the builder of the Soko canal.
The Ch'eng-huang Shrine is to the southeast of the
station. It is reported that 20,000 worshipers attend the
annual festivals at this shrine on the 12th of May and
the 2nd of August.
The memorial temple to Ts'ao Chin, the Taoist temple
to T'ien-hou, and the old Formosan-Chinese Hong-gi
school for Chinese studies are in the gai.
The Soko irrigation canal, built in the second quarter
of the 19th century, is a noted feature of Hozan-gai.
b. Jimbu-sho.
s School is also in the sho.
Population, 1935: 10,607, of whom 43 were Japanese.
Administrative seat : Jimbu.
Post office: said to be at Nishin, but this place has not
been located.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are at
Jimbu and Taisha.
Doctors, 1939: One Formosan-Chinese doctor at Jimbu.
Sho production: Around 1936 the value of production
was: rice, $825,000; sugar cane, Y108,000; sweet potatoes,
¥90,000; peanuts, Y50,000; vegetables and fruits, Y150,
000; livestock, Y250,000; forest products, Y8,000; marine
products (probably fish culture), ¥3,000; and bricks,
¥5,000.
Transportation : Jimbu is on secondary roads not far
from a main north-south highway.
Business firms: A power plant of the Taiwan Electric
Co. is said to be at Chikushimon in Jimbu-sho, but this
appears clearly to be an error, as the plant referred to is
located near Riko in Heito-gun.
c. Kominato-sho.
Population, 1935: 17,210, of whom 547 were Japanese.
A rea: About 6 square miles.
Administrative seat: Kominato.
Post office: At Kominato.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
at Komoko, Taiheicho, Tairimpo and at Kominato, where
there also is a primary and higher primary school.
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors were at
Tairimpo, and one at Shisokyaku; a Japanese doctor was
at Kominato.
Sho production : Around 1936 the value of agricultural
products exceeded Y1,000,000; of sugar manufacture,
¥5,500,000; of fishing, about ¥300,000.
Transportation : The Taiwan Sugar Co., railroad runs
from Kominato to Hozan. Kominato is on the Takao
lagoon and small boats run to Takao City. The village
has two main highway exits, northwest to Takao and
east to Reigaryo airport.
Business firms: The Taiwan Sugar Co. mill at Kohe
kirin has a daily cane-crushing capacity of 1000 short
tons, and is believed to produce industrial alcohol. In
1935 the mill employed 386 workers.
Special features: Scattered about the sho are model
farms of the Taiwan Sugar Co. The sugar fields have
been improved by the so-called host-soil methods; that is,
mixing sand with the clayey soil.
Most of the fishing is done by fishermen from Komoko,
on the opposite side of the lagoon.,
The area was designated by the government as a special
plant area due to the unique species of plants that grow
there.
81
d. Rimen-sho. -
Population, 1935: 16,863, of whom 60 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Sembi.
Post office: At Hozan in Hozan-gai.
Police stations: One station at Rinshihen and one at
Sembi.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are at .
Rinshihen and Sembi. The Rinen Special Agricultural
Doctors, 1939: Three Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Rinshihen.
Transportation: The Taiwan Sugar Co. has a railroad
line which begins at Rinshihen and runs to Hozan. Two
roads from Hozan join at Sembi.
e. Taiju-sho.
Population, 1935: 16,759, of whom 258 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Taiju.
Post office: At Kyukyokudo.
Police station: At Kyukyokudo.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are at
Keiho, Taiju and at Kyukyokudo, where there also is a
primary and higher primary school.
Doctors, 19.39: One Formosan-Chinese doctor at Kyu
kyokudo.
Sho production: Around 1936 the agricultural produc
tion was valued at Y900,000. This figure does not include
the value of the products of the sugar mills and pineapple
canneries.
Transportation : Kyukyokudo is on the government
railroad line, 10.8 miles from the Takao station and 18.4
miles from the Keishu station. The Shimo-tamsui bridge,
5,007 feet long, is half-a-mile east of Kyukyokudo.
The Kibu pushcar line of the Taiwan Sugar Co. runs
from Kyukyokudo north through Kizan to Chikutokaku.
The distance to Kizan is 17.9 miles, the fare, 72 sen, the
time required, 1 hour, 50 minutes. To Chikutokaku the
distance is 24.7 miles, the third-class fare is 99 sem, the
time required, three hours.
The main highway to Kizan goes through Kyukyokudo.
Government agencies: The Taiju Pineapple Nursery
of the Government-General Industrial Development Bu
reau is located at Shoheicho.
Business firms: The Hamaguchi Painapuru Kanzume
Koba (Hamaguchi Pineapple Cannery); the Takuda
Painapuru Kanzume (Takuda Pineapple Cannery); and
the Shinman Painapuru Kanzume Koba (Shinnan Pine
apple Cannery) are in the sho.
Takunansha, a farm of approximately 1,000 ko (2,397
acres), is about 5 miles north of Kyukyokudo, near the
Reiko station of the Kibi pushcar line. It is engaged in
reclaiming waste land and in manufacturing starch from
arrow-root. This may be the same as the Torei Farm
Co., at Keiho, which was founded in 1929 with a capital
of ¥300,000; or there may be two separate large farms.
A brick kiln is located in Taiju-sho.
Special features: The headwaters of the Takao City
water system are at Shoheicho.
The Soko Canal extends about 25 miles from the Takao
City region into Hozam-gun and irrigates about 24,000
acres of land. It was constructed first in 1838 under
Governor Soko of Hozan as a private venture, and in
1912 was recognized as a public canal.
f. Tairyo-sho.
Population, 19.35: 18,007, of whom 337 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Tairyo.
Post office: At Hozan in Hozam-gai.
Police station : At Sanchicho.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Sekkan, Tairyo and Chusho.
Doctors, 19.39: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Kyu
bukyaku.
Transportation : Tairyo is on the Hozan railroad of the
Taiwan Sugar Co. -
Business firms: The Shinko Sugar Co., had a mill at
Sanchicho which was reported merged with the Taiwan
Sugar Co., in 1941. It is believed to produce industrial
alcohol and had a daily cane-crushing capacity of 952
tons.
The Nambu Renga K.K. (Nanbu Brick Co., Ltd.) was
founded in 1936 at Senshiyo with a capital of ¥300,000.
A pineapple-canning factory is reported in the sho.
Special features: The area is irrigated by tributaries
VI. KIZAN GUN
1. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF KIZAN-GUN.
The area of the gun is 855 square miles, of which 586
are in aborigine territory.
Camphor is found in the mountains, and around 1936
the value of the camphor-oil production was Y91,000.
Sugar-cane production was valued at ¥4,740,000, and
other agricultural products at over ¥4,000,000.
The gum has an unusually high incidence of malaria,
the report being that 10 per cent of the deaths every year
result from malaria. The government has established a
malaria-control office at Kizan. -
Oil fields under the supervision of the Japanese navy
are at Kosen. Many natural gas springs are in Kosen,
Sanrin, and Naimon sho.
2. THE gai AND sho.
a. Demryo-sho.
Location: This sho is on the boundary between Oka
yama-gum and Kizam-gum. It appears to be in Kizam-gun,
although some sources place the sho in Okayama-gum.
Population, 19.35: 10,614 of whom 9 were Japanese.
Administrative center: Denryo.
Post office: at Nanshi in Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
located at Denryo, Koteiko and Kounun.
Transportation : Denryo is on a poor road running
north-south.
Business firms: The Sam wa Seito K.K. (Sanwa Sugar
Co., Ltd.) capital, Y150,000, is reported as established in
Denryo-sho in 1934.
b. Kizam-gai.
Population, 1935: 22,999, of whom 11,116 were Japa
nese.
82
of the Shimo-tamsui River, which used to cause great
flood damage. From about 1931 to 1936 the Tairyo flood
control irrigation canal was completed at a cost of
Y250,000.
Tairyo-sho is reported to be a watermelon center.
g. Torimatsu-sho.
Population, 1935: 6,803, of whom 49 were Japanese.
Administrative seat : Torimatsu.
Post office: At Hozan in Hozan-gai.
Police station : At Torimatsu.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Densoho and Torimatsu.
Transportation: Torimatsu is on a highway running
north from Hozan to Okayama.
Business firms: The Naigai Food Products Co. oper
ates a farm on which foreign varieties of pineapples are
grown. The farm was visited by Prince Takamatsu in
1935.
A pineapple farm of the Taiwan Pineapple Co., is at
Jukyuwan.
Special features: Irrigation in the sho is by means of
an irrigation pond at Torimatsu.
Area: 36.8 square miles. The gai is 15.5 mi. from north
to south, and 3 mi. from east to west.
Administrative seat: Kizan.
Post office: at Kizan.
Police stations: A station at Kizan and one at Keishu.
Schools: A primary and higher primary school, a pri
mary school for Formosan-Chinese, and the Kizan prac
tical Agricultural School are at Kizan. At Keishu is a
primary school for Formosan-Chinese.
Doctors, 1939: Seven Formosan-Chinese and three
Japanese doctors were in the gai. One of the Japanese
doctors was at Kibi and two of the Formosan-Chinese
doctors were at Keishu. The other doctors were at Kizan.
Gai budget, 19.3.3 : \70,678.
Gai production : Around the year 1936 production con
sisted of 16,000 koku of rice valued at ¥230,000; 97,420,
000 kin of sugar cane valued at ¥360,000; 4,000,000 kin
of sweet potatoes valued at ¥24,000; 17,000,000 kin of
bananas valued at ¥420,000; and hogs and poultry to the
value of ¥50,000.
Transportation : The Taiwan Sugar Co. pushcar line
runs from Kykukyokudo 17.9 miles north to Kizan with
branches running north and east of Kizan. It is possible
that part of this line has been changed to a narrow-gauge
railway.
Kizan is at the junction of north-south and east-west
highways, and is reported to have good bus service. The
highway running east to Mino is reported as being par
ticularly good.
Government agencies: At Kizan are the gun and gai
offices, a branch court of the Takao court, a malaria
control office, a rice-inspection office, and a Forestry
Experiment Branch Station.
Associations: The Kizam Shinyo Kobai Riyo Kumiai
 (Kizan Credit Consumers Utilization Co-operative) has
a capital of ¥135,540. The Taito Kibi Kobai Kumiai (Kibi
Consumers Cooperative of the Taiwan Sugar Co.) has a
capital of ¥1,160.
Business firms:
(1) A branch of the Taiwan Shoko Ginko (Taiwan
Commercial and Industrial Bank) is at Kizan.
(2) The Taiwan Sugar Co. has a mill at Kibi, about
two miles southeast of Kizan, with a daily cane-crushing
capacity of 1,344 tons. It has its own power plant and
is believed to produce alcohol.
(3) The Kizan Seihyo K.K. (Kizan Ice Mfg. Co., Ltd.)
is a Formosan-Chinese Company.
(4) The Kimam Jidosha K.K. (Kinan Automobile Co.,
Ltd.) was founded in 1926 at Kizan with a capital of
¥100,000. The president was CHIN Junwa.
(5) The Sango Koshi Nanryu Noba. K.K. (Sango
Koshi Nanryu Farms, Ltd.) operates a farm of about
7,500 acres at Shukinryo. The company was established
in 1925 with a capital of ¥1,400,000.
(6) The Takuman Rimsam Kogyo K.K. (Takunan
Forest Industries, Ltd.) deals in lumber and artex fiber
board at Kizan. It was founded in 1939 with a capital of
#150,000.
Special features:
(1) The area has been designated by the government
as one requiring special malaria-control measures.
(2) A government park, Kosan Park, is near Kizan,
on the banks of the Nanshisen River. In the park is a
monument to 33 Japanese killed in the conquest of
Taiwan.
(3) Choho Temple, on the western slope of Daikazan
Shokozan, five miles northeast of Kizan, is a temple re
nowned throughout southern Taiwan.
(4) Daikazan is a mud-volcano in the gai.
c. Kosen-sho.
Population, 1935: 2,825, of whom 81 were Japanese.
A rea: 47.8 square miles. The sho is 16 miles north to
south, and 5 miles east to west.
Administrative seat: Kosen.
Post office: at Kosen.
Police stations: at Kosen.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Kosen, also a primary school.
Sho eacpenditures: It is reported that the sho cannot
support its own government and receives subsidies for
this purpose. -
Transportation: A highway from Kizan runs north
east to Kosen, but because of the lack of bridges over
the Nanshisen River, transportation often is interrupted
during the rainy season. The provincial government,
about the year 1936, was undertaking the construction of
new roads. There is bus service between Kizan and Kosen,
a distance of about 15 miles.
Government agencies: A branch office of the monopoly
bureau at Kosen.
The Kosen oil field, which is exploited by the Japan
Oil Co., Ltd., under subsidy from the Japanese navy, is
about a mile and a quarter northeast of Kosen. Produc
tion is not thought to be large.
83
Associations: The Kosen Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo
Kumiai (Kosen Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization
Co-operative) has a capital of ¥3,900.
Business firms: The Seino Kaisha (Camphor Mfg. Co.)
has an office at Kosen.
An old-style sugar mill, with very small production,
is in the sho. -
Special features: The sho is located in the Central
(Taiwan) Mountain Range and has a scattered popula
tion said to consist mostly of aborigines. Only about 500
ko of cultivable land are in the sho, found along the many
streams.
d. Mino-sho.
Population, 1935: 24,878, of whom 113 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Mino.
Post office: at Mino.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
located at Chikutokaku, Kichiyo, Mino and Ryuto.
Doctors, 1939: Five Formosan-Chinese doctors at Mino
and one at Chuun. -
Transportation: Branch pushcar lines of the Taiwan
Sugar Co., are in the sho. There is a good highway from
Mino to Kizan.
Associations: The Mino Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo
Kumiai (Mino Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization
Co-operative) has a capital of ¥44,427.
The plains about Mino are within the district served by
the Shishito Water Utilization Co-operative.
Business firms:
(1) The Taiwan Electric Co. has a power plant at
Chikushimon, in the southeast corner of the sho. This
appears to be the 3,100-kilowatt plant which is stated as
being at Dorowan, Rokki-sho on page 91 of OPNAV 50E
13, Restricted, Civil Affairs Handbook, Taiwan (For
mosa)—Economic Supplement. A recent map does not
show a power plant at Dorowan but does show a plant at
Chikushimon. Two other sources state there is a power
plant in Mino-sho.
(2) The Kosan Noji K.K. (Kosan Agricultural Co.,
Ltd.) was founded in 1938 with a capital of ¥130,000 and
deals in agricultural products, cement and land.
Special feature: The farmers of Mino-sho are said to
be the most prosperous in Kizam-gun. Ninety per cent of
the rice fields are wet fields.
e. Naimon-sho.
Population, 1935: 11,041, of whom 36 were Japanese.
Area: 38 square miles.
Administrative seat: Naiho.
Post office: at Kizan in Kizam-gai.
Police station: at Naiho.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Kohyo.
Transportation : The Heito-Tainan bus-line operates
on the Heito-Tainan highway which traverses the sho.
A local bus runs to Kizan.
Associations: In the sho is the Naimon Shinyo Hambai
Kobai Kumiai (Naimon Credit Retailers Consumers
Co-operative) with a capital of ¥15,218.
Special features: The area is hilly with most of the
cultivated area in dryland farming. Cotton is grown in
the sho, according to reports.
f. Sanrin-sho.
Population, 1935: 7,064 of whom 39 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Sanrin.
Post offices: at Kizan in Kizam-gai and Kosen in Kosen
sho.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Sanrin, and one at Getsubi.
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Get
subi.
Transportation: Sanrin is on the road from Kizan to
Kosen, which was being completed about 1936. At the
southern part of the sho, where the highway enters
Kizam-gai, over the Nanshisen River there is a reinforced
concrete suspension bridge, which was constructed in
1935 at a cost of ¥150,000. It is 230 meters long (784 feet)
and 5 meters wide (16 feet). The roads in the sho are
poor, there are few bridges, and during the rainy season
36. Chief of a Paiwan tribe.
84
people must use rafts to cross the rivers.
Special features:
(1) The sho is mountainous, the only lowlands being
little areas around the upper branch of the Shimotamsui.
About 1,900 ko of cultivable land is in the sho, 1,400 of it
being rice fields, half of the rice fields being one-crop
dryland fields.
(2) Teak-wood forests are found at Shinsho and Get
subi, with an area of over 700 ko and with 600,000 trees.
The forests are owned by the Fujikura Co., of Tokyo,
Japan (Fujikawa Co.?). Afforestation was begun about
1916, and the project is considered one of the most suc
cessful of its kind.
Cooperative association: The Samrin Shinyo Kobai
Hambai Riyo Kumiai (Sanrin Credit Consumers Re
tailers Utilization Co-operative) was founded in 1923,
and has a capital of ¥13,250.
 VII. KOSHUN GUN
1. Distinctive features:
In 1935 there were 31,012 people in the gun, including
835 Japanese. In 1940 the population was 31,145, includ
ing 731 Japanese.
The gun has an area of 211 square miles with an agri
cultural production around 1936 of rice, Y488,000; of
sweet potatoes, Y210,000; and of sugar cane, soy beans,
peanuts and vegetables, enough to bring the total value
of all agricultural products to “less than $1,000,000.”
The gun has the highest percentage of known police
stations to population of all gum in Takao Province. The
reason is not known.
Garambi lighthouse and radio station, at the southern
tip of Taiwan, are in the gum.
The Shijukei provincial bathing resort is in the gun.
An oil field is in the gum.
The first Japanese expedition to Taiwan, the Admiral
Saigo expedition of 1874, landed in the gun.
2. The sho.
a. Manshu-sho.
Population, 1935 : 5,672 of whom 32 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Manshu.
Post office: Koshun in Koshun-sho.
Police stations: There are four, one each at Korin,
Kyuho, Manshu, and Shamari.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Manshu.
Doctors, 19.39: One Formosan-Chinese doctor at
Manshu.
b. Kosh un-sho.
Population, 1935: 15,128, of whom 664 were Japanese.
Administrative seat : Koshun.
Post office: at Koshun.
Schools: Two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese
and one primary and higher primary school at Koshun.
Doctors, 1939: Three Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Koshun.
Police stations: Six stations in the sho, located at Gar
ambi, Ryusensui, Taijubo, Daibanretsu, Kontei and Toko.
Transportation : An airfield at Koshun and a seaplane
landing field at Garambi. The coastal highway from
Takao to Garambi runs through the sho and another
road runs from Koshun east to Manshu. Daibanretsu is
a regular port of call for the Government-General coastal
vessels, but passengers must land by means of a launch.
Sho production: The value of annual production about
the year 1936 was: agriculture, Y370,000; livestock and
poultry, #380,000; forest products, Y220,000; and marine
products, including whaling, Y200,000.
Government agencies: The gun and sho offices, a
branch court of the Takao court, and a “registry office,”
which may be a branch of the deposit bureau, are at
Koshun.
Daibanretsu has a customs station. º Kaiko, Shajo, and Shijukei.
Garambi is the site of a lighthouse, a radio station, and
a seaplane landing airdrome. A small dock with a launch
for lighthouse personnel is to the west of the lighthouse.
At Kontei, about two-and-a-half miles north of Gar
ambi, is a Forestry Experimental Branch Station and a
Livestock Experimental Branch Station. The Agricul
tural Inspection Bureau maintains an inspection office
at Koshun.
A “detached platoon” has been stationed at Koshun in
the past.
Business firms:
The Taiwan Sugar Co., Ltd., has a mill at Koshun
which is believed to produce alcohol and which had a
daily cane-crushing capacity of 392 tons.
The Koshun Electric Co., Ltd., founded in 1923 with a
capitalization of ¥100,000, has a diesel power plant with
a capacity in 1935 of 50 kilowatts.
The Mansen Bussan K.K. (Mansen Products Co., Ltd.)
was founded at Koshun in 1939 with a capitalization of
¥120,000, and deals in agricultural and forestry products.
The Nankai Jidosha K.K. (Nankai Automobile Co.,
Ltd.) is a transportation firm at Koshun which was
founded in 1927 with a capitalization of ¥200,000.
The Taiwan factory of the Japan Whaling Co., is at
Daibanretsu, and in normal times processed twenty to
fifty whales annually.
There is an ice plant in the sho, it is reported, but the
location has not been determined.
Special features:
Near Koshun is an oil field reserved for the Japanese
navy. Its production is not known, but is not thought to
be large.
Koshun has a water-supply system built under the
auspices of the industrial development bureau of the
Government-General, and paid for from national taxes.
The water has a high lime content and comes from a
spring on the side of Mt. Kishi (Kuraruzan 2) in abori
gine territory. Construction was begun in 1912. The ex
tent of the area served by the system is not known, but
water is piped to the livestock farm, and excess water is
used for irrigation.
The city wall and gate of Koshun were constructed
about 60 years ago. The Sekimon battlefield is near
Koshun.
At Koshun is a castle built in 1875 which for a time
was the headquarters of the gun government. It has
walls 20 feet high, eight feet thick, with four gates on
the north, east and south.
c. Shajo-sho.
-
Population, 1935: 7,630 of whom 86 were Japanese.
Administrative seat : Shajo.
Post office: at Shajo.
Police stations: There are four, one each at Horiki,
85
 Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Shajo.
Doctors, 1939: A Japanese doctor at Shajo.
Government agencies: A customs station at Kaiko.
Transportation: Shajo is on the highway running
from Takao to Garambi.
Special features:
(1) Since 1922 Kaiko bay has been dredged, and on
its west side a key-shaped breakwater 334.5 meters
(1,097.5 feet) long has been built. In the ship mooring
there is an area of 24,000 square yards of water 2.4
meters (7.9 feet) deep. Since the wind and waves tend
to fill up the harbor, it is dredged from time to time. In
1926 construction was begun on a breakwater extending
318.2 meters (1,044.0 feet) to the northwest to prevent
37. Garambi Lighthouse, showing Daibanretsu Bay and
Byobito Cape to the west.
filling in of the harbor area. A concrete lighthouse with
a light 50 feet high is at the end of the breakwater.
(2) At Shijukei are the Shijukei saline hot springs
designated by the government in 1927 as a public bathing
place. They are 2% miles on the road to Sekimon. The
lodging house has public baths built by the province.
Rates for room and bath (about 1936) were #2 to ¥3. The
Fukamizu hot springs, named for Captain Fukamizu
who discovered them during the 1874 expedition, are in
the sho.
(3) The Saigo expedition of 1874 landed at Shajo,
sent by the Japanese to avenge the murder by the abori
gines of 54 Ryukyu islanders who were shipwrecked near
the shores. A memorial stele to the Ryukyu islanders was
erected in 1926 at Toho.
38. Sekimon (Stonegate) in Koshun-gun, the narrow
ravine in which the Japanese Expeditionary Forces in
1874 inflicted the first major defeat on the aborigines of
the south. This is typical of the mountain wall which rises
abruptly east of the Takao-Heito plain.
-

87
 VIII. OKAYAMA GUN
1. Distinctive features: The gun has an area of 480
square kilometers (185 square miles) and an agricultural
production, about 1936, of ¥5,800,000. It has the largest
population of all of the seven gun in Takao Province.
The population was 148,401 in 1935, but declined to 141,
764 in 1940. During the same period Takao City jumped
from 94,017 to 152,365, and it is possible that some of
that increase came from Okayama-gun.
An important airfield and an airplane assembly plant
are located west of the town of Okayama.
At Kyoshito in Namshi-sho are two sugar mills and
an alcohol factory of the Taiwan Sugar Co.
There are many salt beds along the coast, with the
industry centering in Mida-sho.
The double-tracked government railway line from
Tainan City to Takao City runs through the gun, as does
the Government-General highway which parallels the
railroad.
2. The gai and sho.
a. A rem-sho.
Population, 1935: 8,826 of whom 18 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Aren.
Post office: at Okayama in Okayama-gai.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Aren.
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Aren,
one at Sekiantan and one at Kuunin.
Transportation: A highway running north from Oka
yama and a highway running west from Kizan traverse
the sho. Just across the Nisoko River (Nisoko-kei), in
Tainan Province, there is a private sugar-company push
car line. - Population, 1935: 26,720 of whom 95 were Japanese.
* Special features: There are many springs and lime
stone caves in a number of 1,000 foot hills in the sho.
At the foot of the peaks are many temples and tombs,
including a famous Confucian temple, Koshi Chohoji on
the side of Mount Shoko, to which thosuands of Formo
san-Chinese make pilgrimages.
b. Enso-sho.
Population, 1935: 7,559 of whom 33 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Ensochu.
Post office: at Nanshi in Namshi-sho. -
Transportation: Enso is on an unimproved road run
ning east from Okayama.
Schools: One primary school for Formosan-Chinese.
Special feature: Daikonsui-zan, the largest mud vol
cano in Japanese territory, is to the east in Konsuihyo.
Eruptions occur intermittently from the numerous cones
on the slope.
c. Konai-sho.
Population, 1935: 28,505 of whom 54 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Ishinai.
Post office: at Okayama in Okayama-gai.
88
Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Ishinai.
Sho budget, 1934: Y33,505.
Sho production: Around 1936 the income from agri
culture was Y300,000 and from fishing ¥630,000.
Transportation:
(1) Konai-sho is on two highways, one running along
the coast and the other running east to join the govern
ment Tainan-Takao highway. Government and private
bus lines operate in the sho.
(2) The Taiya pushcar line of the Taiwan Sugar Co.
is reported as running north-south through the center of
the sho, but it is not shown on the maps that are avail
able.
Associations: At Chokatei is the Chokatei Shinyo
Kobai Kumiai (Chokatei Credit Consumers Co-operative)
with a paid-in capital of ¥19,650. The Taiko Shinyo Kobai
Riyo Kumiai (Taiko Credit Consumers Utilization Asso
ciation) with a capital of ¥19,650 is at Konai.
Special features: Marshes cover almost half the area
of the sho and make drainage very difficult. Consequently,
the fields are often flooded during the rainy season. Dur
ing the dry season there is difficulty in obtaining drinking
water.
About half the population is engaged in fishing from
the fishers' villages along the coast, although there is
very poor shelter on the beach for fishing vessels. Over
20 motor fishing boats and 700 fishing rafts were reported
for 1936.
d. Mida-sho.
Administrative seat: Mida.
Post office: at Okayama in Okayama-gai.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Mida, Shikan, Shinsekishi, and Koshiryo.
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Mida
and one at Shikan.
Sho production: Around 1936 the income from agricul
tural products was $1,300,000; from fishing and fish
culture, Y500,000; from livestock, Y310,000; from salt,
bricks, rice-polishing, soy sauce, mats, bamboo ware, and
dehydrating sweet potatoes, Y500,000.
Transportation: There is a highway along the coast
which traverses the sho. A pushcar line runs from Oka
yama to Mida and another from Rochiku 3.2 miles to
Ujurin and then 1.4 miles further west to the salt beds.
The fare to the salt beds was 37 sen, and the trip took
about an hour and ten minutes.
Government agencies: A branch office of the monopoly
bureau at Mida.
Business firms: The Ujurin Seien K.K. (Ujurin Salt
Co., Ltd.) was founded in 1923 at Mida with a capitali
zation of ¥300,000. The president was CHIN Keitei, who
lived in Takao City.
 Special features: The salt fields cover an area of 136
ko, and about 1936 produced 130,000 pounds of salt.
The best hunting region in southern Taiwan is in
Mida-sho, where the many ponds and marshes attract
wild ducks. Pheasants are found a little to the east near
the 830-foot Mount Shoko.
e. Namshi-sho.
Population, 1935: 18,606, of whom 616 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Nanshi.
Police stations: One at Nanshi and another at Kyo
shito.
Post offices: One at Nanshi and another at Kyoshito.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Shiryu and at Nanshi, where there also is a primary
school.
Business firms: Less than a mile south of Kyoshito are
two mills of the Taiwan Sugar Co. and an alcohol
plant. The cane-crushing capacity was 1,128 tons a day;
the annual production of alcohol, 1,600,000 gallons. The
company has its own power plant.
At Nanshi is the Sueko Shoko K.K. (Sueko Trading
Co., Ltd.) which was founded in 1936 with a capitaliza
tion of ¥100,000, and deals in rice, grains, and fertilizer.
The Nanko Godo Unso K.K. (Nanko Consolidated
Transport Co., Ltd.) also at Nanshi, was founded in
1939 with a capitalization of ¥100,000.
Special features: Aside from mountain spurs like
Kannon-zam on the east and Hampei-zan on the south
west, this region is a plain which can be easily irrigated.
f. Okayama-gai.
Population, 1935: 15,285, of whom 429 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Okayama.
Post office: at Okayama.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Okayama, Gokobi, and another unknown location in the
gai. A primary and higher primary school and the Oka
yama Agricultural School at Okayama.
Doctors, 1939: Five Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Okayama and two at Koko.
Transportation: Okayama is on the government rail
road between Tainan and Takao, 13.4 miles from the
Takao station. It is on the Takao-Tainan highway run
ning south from Aren. An unimproved road runs from
Okayama east to Ensochu. Pushcar (daisha) lines run
from Okayama to Mida, 3.3 miles; from Okayama to
Sekkan, 3.2 miles; from Okayama east to Enso via
Kokeirin; and from Okayama northeast to Aren.
Government agencies: The gun and gai offices and a
branch of the Takao court are at Okayama.
Business firms: A branch of the Taiwan Shoko Ginko
(The Taiwan Commercial and Industrial Bank) is at
Okayama, as is also a branch of the Koa Renga K.K. (Koa
Brick Co., Ltd.).
Special features: A large airfield and an airplane
repair and assembly plant lie to the west between Oka
yama and Mida. A branch of the main railroad line has
been constructed to the field.
The 1,000-foot peak, Taiko-zam, on whose slope is the
temple Chohoji built in 1763 and dedicated to the goddess
Kannon, is about five miles northeast and may be reached
89
by daisha. Many worshipers attend the annual festivals
held in February and March. A little to the south of
Chohoji is the Choko Cloister which shares in the festivi
ties. The “miraculous spring” of Ryumoku is nearby.
g. Rochiku-sho.
Population, 1935: 14,341, of whom 69 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Rochiku.
Post office: at Okayama in Okayama-gai
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Rochiku.
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Rochiku and two at Taisha.
Transportation: Rochiku and Eigo (known as the
Taiko station) are on the government railroad line 18
and 19.8 miles respectively from the Takao station. The
Takao-Tainan highway goes through the sho, as does
the highway from Aren on the east to Ishinai on the west.
Buses from the Taiko station run to Ikko, 2 miles; Shinon,
4 miles; Ranshicho, 6 miles; Aren, 6.5 miles; and Kosanto,
8.5 miles. The Ujurin Salt Co., Ltd. pushcar line runs
from Rochiku to the salt beds west of Mida. Rickshaws
are available at Rochiku, the fare to the Taiko station
being 60 sem for two persons.
Associations: The Rochiku Consumers and Retailers
Utilization Association at Rochiku.
Special features: There are 4,000 ko of cultivated land
in the sho, one-third being in dryland rice. In 1933 the
provincial government began encouraging deep-furrow
plowing for dryland farming.
The tomb of the Prince of Ning-ching of the Ming
dynasty is to the west, possibly in Taiko in Konai-sho.
The prince came to Taiwan in 1664 to fight with Koxinga
for the restoration of the Ming power and committed
suicide when the undertaking proved a failure.
One report states that many literary men were born
in the Rochiku-sho region.
h. Saei-sho.
Population, 1935: 17,945, of whom 69 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Saei.
Post office: At Takao City and Nanshi in Nanshi-sho.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Saei and one at Uchu. -
Doctors, 1939: One Formosan-Chinese doctor at Saei,
two at Uchu and three at Hishito.
Sho production: Around 1936 agricultural production
was valued at ¥1,300,000; and marine production, includ
ing fish culture, at ¥105,000.
Associations: Eleven farmers' associations, one credit
association and one fishermen's association are reported
as being in the sho.
Business firms: In the sho are the Koa Renga K.K.
(Koa Brick Co., Ltd.) which was founded in 1940 with
a capital of ¥150,000; and the Kyujo Godo Unyu K.K.
(Kyujo Consolidated Transportation Co., Ltd.), which
was founded in 1939 with a capital of ¥100,000.
Special features: A castle, built in 1721, and the Tenko
shrine built in 1683 on the summit of Hampei-zan (also
known as the Kohogan shrine) are in the sho. At the
southern base of Hampei-zam is Lake Rentan with an
area of about 150 acres.
 IX. TOKO GUN
along the coast, and on the main highway running from
1. Special features of Toko-gum.
The population in 1935 was 92,694, including 996 Japa
nese; and in 1940 it was 101,611, including 1,478 Japa
nese. - -
The value of the gun production about 1936 was: rice,
¥3,000,000; sugar cane, Y400,000; bananas, #500,000;
sweet potatoes, £300,000; hogs, $700,000; other livestock,
¥300,000; fishing and fish culture, Y700,000: processed
marine products, several hundred thousand yen. About
700 ko of fish ponds are in the gun.
Toko has a seaplane landing field and an anchorage
for large ships. Sho Ryukyu (Shoryuku-to, Lambei
Island) lies about eight miles from Toko and is under
the jurisdiction of Toko-gun.
2. The gai and sho.
a. Bantam-sho.
Population, 1935: 20,061, of whom 191 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Bantan.
Post offices: at Bantan and Shinshoshi.
Police station: at Bantan.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
located at Bantan, Shahi, and Shishoshi. At Bantan is
the Bantan Agricultural Special School.
Doctors, 1939: Five Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Bantan and one at Shinshoshi.
Sho production: Around 1936 the value of production
was: rice, Y1,200,000; sweet potatoes, Y64,000; sugar
cane, Y250,000; cattle, Y200,000; hogs, Y30,000 and poul
try, Y15,000.
Transportation: Bantan is on the Taiwan Sugar Co.
railroad which runs from Toko to Heito and is at the
junction of a north-south and an east-west highway.
Government agencies: At Bantan is the Bantan Pine
apple Nursery.
Special features: A large mud geyser 2% miles in
circumference and 512 feet high, with two peaks, is in the
sho.
b. Kato-sho.
Population, 1935: 12,619, of whom 29 were Japanese.
Area: 32 square kilometers (12.4 sq. miles)
Administrative seat: Kato.
Police stations: Stations are located at Kato, Shoryu
and Roen. -
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese is
at Shoryu and one at Kato, which also has the Kato
Agricultural Special School.
Sho budget, 1933: Y31,081.
Sho production: Around 1936 the total production was
valued at ¥900,000, of which #700,000 came from rice,
sugar cane and sweet potatoes.
Transportation: An airfield is at Kato. Kato is on the
government railroad running south from Takao, on a
pushcar line (which now may be a railroad) running
90
Takao to Garambi.
Government agencies: The 8th Regiment manoeuvring
field was at Kato.
Special features: Most of the inhabitants are of Can
tonese-Chinese stock.
On May 5 of each year the people have a custom of
participating in a stone-throwing fight. The government
has been trying to stop the custom, but without success,
as it is based on the superstition of the natives. The
belief is that if the fight is waged between the various
villages, the respective villages will be free of pestilence
and calamity. The men are mobilized in military fashion,
the women carrying the stones in baskets for the males.
The winning villagers invade the losers, taking food and
engaging in some destruction. People who are hurt by
the stones are considered dishonored. The custom origi
nated two hundred or more years ago.
c. Rimpen-sho.
Population, 1935: 15,590, of whom 416 were Japanese.
Area: 12 square miles. The sho is 2.5 miles from east
to west, and 6.2 miles from north to south.
Administrative seat: Rimpen.
Post office: at Toko in Toko-gai.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
located at Chikushikyaku, Rimpen and Keishu, where
there also is a primary and higher primary school.
Doctors, 1939: Four Formosan-Chinese doctors at
Keishu, four at Rimpen, and one at Chikushikyaku.
Transportation : Keishu is on the government railroad,
29.2 miles from the Takao station. The Toko pushcar
line runs from Keishu to Toko and another pushcar line
(which now may be a railroad) runs along the coast.
Buses run on the highway north to Toko and on the
highway southeast to Koshun.
Special features: Although Rim pen-sho is on the coast,
there is very little fishing because of the lack of harbors.
There are over 10 places in the sho “where the Japanese
flag is raised” to inculcate respect for the Japanese. No
doubt this is a general practice elsewhere, but it was
mentioned specifically for this sho.
d. Ryukyu-sho.
Location : Sho Ryukyu (Lambei Island) is a coral islet
2.5 miles long from northeast to southwest by about one
mile wide, situated eight miles south-southwest of Toko.
It has two flat-topped hills, the northern one being called
Chozan and the southern, Senzan. Two landing places
for boats are on the island, one on the west and one on
the north. Anchorages are offshore at these places. The
water between Toko and sho Ryukyu is extremely deep,
no bottom having been found in some places.
Population, 1935 : 5,216 of whom 13 were Japanese.
Administrative seat : sho offices are on the island, the
sho being under the jurisdiction of Toko-gun.
Production: Fishing is most important, livestock, sec
ond. Some peanuts are grown. In about 1936 the value of
all production was Y400,000.
 Special feature: In recent years four places have been
chosen for hoisting the Japanese flag in order to impress
the natives that they are under the benevolent rule of
the Japanese.
e. Shimen-sho.
Population, 1935: 20,949, of whom 54 were Japanese.
Area: 28 square miles.
Administrative seat: Shinen.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Kancho, Shinen, and Uryu.
Doctors, 1939: Three Formosan-Chinese doctors in the
sho at Senkobyo, Shinen, and Uryu.
Transportation: Shinen is on the Taiwan Sugar Co.
railroad which runs from Toko to Heito, and on the high
way which parallels the railroad.
Special features: Most of the area is delta formed by
the Shimotamsui and Toko Rivers, and much of the land
has been reclaimed through flood-control measures.
f. Toko-gai.
Population, 1935: 18,259, of whom 293 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Toko.
Post office: at Toko.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
located at Daitanshin and at Toko, where there also is a
primary and higher primary school and the Toko Busi
ness School.
Doctors, 1939: One Formosan-Chinese doctor and five
Japanese doctors at Toko.
Gai production: Around 1936 the value of production
was: rice, #380,000; livestock, Y80,000; fishing, Y220,000;
fish culture, Y200,000; and processed marine products,
¥35,000. - -
Transportation : A seaplane landing field two miles
southeast of Toko.
The Taiwan Sugar Co. railroad runs from Toko north
to Heito, a pushcar line runs from Toko to Keishu, and
another along the coast southeast. A branch of the gov
ernment railroad probably runs from Toko along the
coast to Kato or runs from Toko north to Keishu.
Toko is at the junction of a coastline road and a road
running north.
91
An irregular motor-boat service operates between Toko
and Takao and between Toko and Sho Ryukyu Island.
Government agencies: The gun and gai offices are at
Toko, and also a branch of the Takao court and a “regis
tration office,” which may be an office of the Deposit
Bureau.
Business firms:
A branch of the Taiwan Shoko Ginko (Taiwan Com
mercial and Industrial Bank) is at Toko.
A mill of the Taiwan Sugar Co. had a daily cane
crushing capacity of 700 tons and is believed to produce
alcohol.
The Toko Seihyo K.K. (Toko Ice Mfg. Co., Ltd.) was
founded in 1930 with a capital of ¥100,000.
The Toko Yoshoku Goshi Kaisha (Toko Harbor Culti
vation Co.) engages in fish culture and was founded at
Nanpei in 1925 with a capital of ¥100,000.
Special features: The port of Toko is formed by the
mouths of the Toko and the Shimotamsui rivers. Sand
bars, with water from six inches to five feet at low tide,
obstruct the passage, but there is a good anchorage used
by Japanese warships about 2.2 miles southeast where
there is a sand bottom and about 30 feet of water. Imme
diately offshore from Toko, between the mouth of the
rivers and Sho Ryukyu (Lambei Island), the water is
extraordinarily deep. Formerly Toko was a flourishing
port for trade with South China, but now it is used as a
fishing port, as a port for the export in sailing junks of
some rice and sesame seed, and probably for convoys and
other military purposes.
It is reported that rubber plants introduced near Toko
were producing in 1941 and that the rubber is refined
in the area.
The Japanese Sailing Directions state that the inhabi
tants of Toko filter the river water for drinking, and that
the water boats are not clean.
A public bathing beach is at Toko where there is a
monument to HIKOJIRO Matsumoto, who died nearby
with 18 crew members during the Japanese conquest of
Taiwan in 1895.
Governor Soko of Hozan as a private venture, and in
1912 was recognized as a public canal.
f. Tairyo-sho.
Population, 19.35: 18,007, of whom 337 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Tairyo.
Post office: At Hozan in Hozam-gai.
Police station: At Sanchicho.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Sekkan, Tairyo and Chusho.
Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Kyu
bukyaku.
Transportation : Tairyo is on the Hozan railroad of the
Taiwan Sugar Co. -
Business firms: The Shinko Sugar Co., had a mill at
Sanchicho which was reported merged with the Taiwan
Sugar Co., in 1941. It is believed to produce industrial
alcohol and had a daily cane-crushing capacity of 952
tons.
The Nambu Renga K.K. (Nanbu Brick Co., Ltd.) was
founded in 1936 at Senshiyo with a capital of ¥300,000.
A pineapple-canning factory is reported in the sho.
Special features: The area is irrigated by tributaries
VI. KIZAN GUN
1. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF KIZAN-GUN.
The area of the gun is 855 square miles, of which 586
are in aborigine territory.
Camphor is found in the mountains, and around 1936
the value of the camphor-oil production was #91,000.
Sugar-cane production was valued at ¥4,740,000, and
other agricultural products at over ¥4,000,000.
The gun has an unusually high incidence of malaria,
the report being that 10 per cent of the deaths every year
result from malaria. The government has established a
malaria-control office at Kizan.
Oil fields under the supervision of the Japanese navy
are at Kosen. Many natural gas springs are in Kosen,
Sanrin, and Naimon sho.
2. THE gai AND sho.
a. Demryo-sho.
Location: This sho is on the boundary between Oka
yama-gun and Kizam-gun. It appears to be in Kizam-gun,
although some sources place the sho in Okayama-gun.
Population, 1935: 10,614 of whom 9 were Japanese.
Administrative center: Denryo.
Post office: at Nanshi in Namshi-sho, Okayama-gum.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
located at Denryo, Koteiko and Kounun.
Transportation: Denryo is on a poor road running
north-south.
Business firms: The Sanwa Seito K.K. (Sanwa Sugar
Co., Ltd.) capital, Y150,000, is reported as established in
Denryo-sho in 1934.
b. Kizam-gai.
Population, 1935: 22,999, of whom 11,116 were Japa
nese.
82
of the Shimo-tamsui River, which used to cause great
flood damage. From about 1931 to 1936 the Tairyo flood
control irrigation canal was completed at a cost of
¥250,000.
Tairyo-sho is reported to be a watermelon center.
g. Torimatsu-sho.
Population, 1935: 6,803, of whom 49 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Torimatsu.
Post office: At Hozan in Hozan-gai.
Police station: At Torimatsu.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at
Densoho and Torimatsu.
Transportation: Torimatsu is on a highway running
north from Hozan to Okayama.
Business firms: The Naigai Food Products Co. oper
ates a farm on which foreign varieties of pineapples are
grown. The farm was visited by Prince Takamatsu in
1935.
A pineapple farm of the Taiwan Pineapple Co., is at
Jukyuwan.
Special features: Irrigation in the sho is by means of
an irrigation pond at Torimatsu.
Area: 36.8 square miles. The gai is 15.5 mi. from north
to south, and 3 mi. from east to west.
Administrative seat: Kizan.
Post office: at Kizan.
Police stations: A station at Kizan and one at Keishu.
Schools: A primary and higher primary school, a pri
mary school for Formosan-Chinese, and the Kizan prac
tical Agricultural School are at Kizan. At Keishu is a
primary school for Formosan-Chinese.
Doctors, 1939: Seven Formosan-Chinese and three
Japanese doctors were in the gai. One of the Japanese
doctors was at Kibi and two of the Formosan-Chinese
doctors were at Keishu. The other doctors were at Kizan.
Gai budget, 1933: $70,678.
Gai production: Around the year 1936 production con
sisted of 16,000 koku of rice valued at ¥230,000; 97,420,
000 kin of sugar cane valued at ¥360,000; 4,000,000 kin
of sweet potatoes valued at ¥24,000; 17,000,000 kin of
bananas valued at ¥420,000; and hogs and poultry to the
value of ¥50,000.
Transportation: The Taiwan Sugar Co. pushcar line
runs from Kykukyokudo 17.9 miles north to Kizan with
branches running north and east of Kizan. It is possible
that part of this line has been changed to a narrow-gauge
railway.
Kizan is at the junction of north-south and east-west
highways, and is reported to have good bus service. The
highway running east to Mino is reported as being par
ticularly good.
Government agencies: At Kizan are the gun and gai
offices, a branch court of the Takao court, a malaria
control office, a rice-inspection office, and a Forestry
Experiment Branch Station.
Associations: The Kizan Shinyo Kobai Riyo Kumiai
 (Kizan Credit Consumers Utilization Co-operative) has
a capital of ¥135,540. The Taito Kibi Kobai Kumiai (Kibi
Consumers Cooperative of the Taiwan Sugar Co.) has a
capital of ¥1,160.
Business firms:
(1) A branch of the Taiwan Shoko Ginko (Taiwan
Commercial and Industrial Bank) is at Kizan.
(2) The Taiwan Sugar Co. has a mill at Kibi, about
two miles southeast of Kizan, with a daily cane-crushing
capacity of 1,344 tons. It has its own power plant and
is believed to produce alcohol.
(3) The Kizam Seihyo K.K. (Kizan Ice Mfg. Co., Ltd.)
is a Formosan-Chinese Company.
(4) The Kinan Jidosha K.K. (Kinan Automobile Co.,
Ltd.) was founded in 1926 at Kizan with a capital of
¥100,000. The president was CHIN Junwa.
(5) The Sango Koshi Nanryu Noba. K.K. (Sango
Koshi Nanryu Farms, Ltd.) operates a farm of about
7,500 acres at Shukinryo. The company was established
in 1925 with a capital of ¥1,400,000.
(6) The Takuman Rinsan Kogyo K.K. (Takuman
Forest Industries, Ltd.) deals in lumber and artex fiber
board at Kizan. It was founded in 1939 with a capital of
¥150,000.
Special features:
(1) The area has been designated by the government
as one requiring special malaria-control measures.
(2) A government park, Kosan Park, is near Kizan,
on the banks of the Nanshisen River. In the park is a
monument to 33 Japanese killed in the conquest of
Taiwan.
(3) Choho Temple, on the western slope of Daikazan
Shokozan, five miles northeast of Kizan, is a temple re
nowned throughout southern Taiwan.
(4) Daikazan is a mud-volcano in the gai.
c. Kosen-sho.
Population, 1935: 2,825, of whom 81 were Japanese.
Area: 47.8 square miles. The sho is 16 miles north to
south, and 5 miles east to west.
Administrative seat: Kosen.
Post office: at Kosen.
Police stations: at Kosen.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Kosen, also a primary school.
Sho earpenditures: It is reported that the sho cannot
support its own government and receives subsidies for
this purpose. -
Transportation: A highway from Kizan runs north
east to Kosen, but because of the lack of bridges over
the Nanshisen River, transportation often is interrupted
during the rainy season. The provincial government,
about the year 1936, was undertaking the construction of
new roads. There is bus service between Kizan and Kosen,
a distance of about 15 miles.
Government agencies: A branch office of the monopoly
bureau at Kosen.
The Kosen oil field, which is exploited by the Japan
Oil Co., Ltd., under subsidy from the Japanese navy, is
about a mile and a quarter northeast of Kosen. Produc
tion is not thought to be large.
83
Associations: The Kosen Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo
Kumiai (Kosen Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization
Co-operative) has a capital of ¥3,900.
Business firms: The Seimo Kaisha (Camphor Mfg. Co.)
has an office at Kosen.
An old-style sugar mill, with very small production,
is in the sho. -
Special features: The sho is located in the Central
(Taiwan) Mountain Range and has a scattered popula
tion said to consist mostly of aborigines. Only about 500
ko of cultivable land are in the sho, found along the many
streams.
d. Mino-sho.
Population, 1935: 24,878, of whom 113 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Mino.
Post office: at Mino.
Schools: Primary schools for Formosan-Chinese are
located at Chikutokaku, Kichiyo, Mino and Ryuto.
Doctors, 1939: Five Formosan-Chinese doctors at Mino
and one at Chuun. -
Transportation: Branch pushcar lines of the Taiwan
Sugar Co., are in the sho. There is a good highway from
Mino to Kizan.
Associations: The Mino Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo
Kumiai (Mino Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization
Co-operative) has a capital of ¥44,427.
The plains about Mino are within the district served by
the Shishito Water Utilization Co-operative.
Business firms:
(1) The Taiwan Electric Co. has a power plant at
Chikushimon, in the southeast corner of the sho. This
appears to be the 3,100-kilowatt plant which is stated as
being at Dorowan, Rokki-sho on page 91 of OPNAV 50E
13, Restricted, Civil Affairs Handbook, Taiwan (For
mosa)—Economic Supplement. A recent map does not
show a power plant at Dorowan but does show a plant at
Chikushimon. Two other sources state there is a power
plant in Mino-sho.
(2) The Kosan Noji K.K. (Kosan Agricultural Co.,
Ltd.) was founded in 1938 with a capital of ¥130,000 and
deals in agricultural products, cement and land.
Special feature: The farmers of Mino-sho are said to
be the most prosperous in Kizam-gun. Ninety per cent of
the rice fields are wet fields.
e. Naimon-sho.
Population, 1935: 11,041, of whom 36 were Japanese.
Area: 38 square miles.
Administrative seat: Naiho.
Post office: at Kizan in Kizam-gai.
Police station: at Naiho.
Schools: A primary school for Formosan-Chinese at
Kohyo.
Transportation: The Heito-Tainan bus-line operates
on the Heito-Tainan highway which traverses the sho.
A local bus runs to Kizan.
Associations: In the sho is the Naimon Shinyo Hambai
Kobai Kumiai (Naimon Credit Retailers Consumers
Co-operative) with a capital of ¥15,218.
Special features: The area is hilly with most of the
cultivated area in dryland farming. Cotton is grown in
the sho, according to reports.
 ---
-

39. Betel-nut palms and Paiwan aborigine huts, Takao Province.

92
 Appendix I

POPULATION

Population data for 1940 were available for the prov in the sho. The population given for these six villages
inces, the cities and the gun. The 1935 data, which in totals 14,913, but the maps show six additional villages
cluded the smaller units as well, were taken from H. in the sho. In Boryo-sho, Sawada lists 8 villages, but 4
Sawada, Nihon Chimei Daijiten, 1939, but present a additional ones are shown on the map. It is possible that
peculiar problem. Presumably the population of all places the additional villages are small ones whose population
in Taiwan was included, but a study of Japanese maps was included with an adjacent one.
showed a number of places which were not given by In the following tables the names which are not fol
Sawada. For example, Sawada shows 14,913 total popu lowed by population figures are those of places not given
lation in Choshu-gun, Bamran-sho, and lists six villages by Sawada but which appear on the map.

Table 41: Population of Takao Province, 1985 and 1940

Foreion:
Formosan'- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Takao Prov.: 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770,687 722,667 38,138 248 9,617

1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857,214 803,315 46,676 432 6,791
Takao City 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,0172 68,783 22,165 112 2,941
1940. 152,365- 121,547 28,336 425 2,057
Heito City: 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,398 39,012 5,798 85 1,503
1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,756 46,961 6,747 43 1,005
Choshu-gun: 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,4803 101,250 1,327 14 888
1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,485 106,211 1,480 23 771

Heito-gun: 1935. 67,774 65,838 1,564 1 371

1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,789 67,962 1,575 1 251

Hozan-gun: 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,086 102,859 2,125 16 1,086

1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,786 106,652 2,391 22 721
Kizan-gun: 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,825 78,213 1,936 18 658
1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,613 85,533 1,577 12 491

Koshun-gun: 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,012 29,549 835 1 627

1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,145 29,979 731 0 435

Okayama-gun: 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,401 146,186 1,392 1 822

1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,764 138,946 2,361 3 454

Toko-gun: 1935. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,694 90,977 996 0 721

1940. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,611 99,524 1,478 3 606

* Formosan-Chinese and aborigines. - - -

* Total as given by Sawada includes 16 more than the calculated total.

* Given total includes 1 more than calculated total.

Table 42: Population of Takao Province by ser, 1940

- - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Chinese Japanese Koreans Chinese)
Total Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Takao Prov... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857,214 407,646 395,669 25,028 21,648 217 215.2 4,409 2,382
Takao City.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 152,365? 65,462 56,085 15,161 13,175 194 2312 1,465 592
Heito City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,756 24,037 22,924 3,675 3,072 6 37 619 386
Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,485 52,635 53,576 797 683 8 15 469 302
Heito-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,789 33,881 34,081 836 739 0 1 151 100
Hozan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,786 53,632 53,020 1,265 1,126 6 16 469 252
Kizam-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,613 42,679 42,854 823 754 1 11 322 169
Koshun-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,145 14,901 15,078 395 336 0 0 228 207
Okayama-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,764 70,038 68,908 1,269 1,092 2 1 302 152
Toko-gun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,611 50,381 49,143 807 671 0 3 384 ° 222

* Formosan-Chinese and aborigines.

* Sawada's figure of 231 female Koreans would give a total of 315 female Koreans in Takao Province, and a total population in Takao Province of 857,314.

93
 Table 43: Population of Takao City, by subdivisions, 1935
- - - - -
-- -- -------- - --- - -

Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Takao City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,0171 68,783 22,165 112 2,941

Chushu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,661 2,639 7 0 15
Entei-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,532 11,994 1,780 3 755
Gishiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,639? 1,155 471 0 0
Heiwa-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,107 2,547 1,458 0 102
Horie-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,203 805 2,383 0 15
Irifune-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,748 1,185 1,539 1 23
Kadenshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 405 46 0 1
Kigo-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . .". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,504 6,495 - 454 47 508
Kitano-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,436 7,821 301 0 314
Kotobuki-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 308 431 0 0
Midori-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 487 15 0 2
Minato-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,692 1,723 3,838 5 126
Naii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,077 2,701 369 0 7
Reigaryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,1563 5,772 179 0 202
Rintokkan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998 874 121 0 3
Sakae-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,189 450 1,671 44 24
Sankaiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,914 4,328 420 0 166
Shinhama-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,464 . 807 548 3 106
Shosen-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,098 911 885 0 302
Ta-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,689 2,874 1,750 2 63
Taikoho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,209 2,979 172 0 58
Taiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,225 1,121 91 0 13
Toshien. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,260 2,246 9 0 5
Yamashita-cho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,112 858 2,153 2 99
Zembobi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 156 4 0 3
Zenchin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,774 1,765 1 0 8
Zenkin. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,472 3,377 1,069 5 21

| Total as given by Sawada includes 16 more than the calculated total.

* Given total includes 13 more than the calculated total.
* Given total includes 3 more than the calculated total.

Table 44: Population of Heito City, by subdivisions, 1935

Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Heito City'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,398 39,012 5,798 85 1,503

Heito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,503 17,977 4,059 84 1,383
Kaiho. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,645 4,576 56 0 14
Kirai. . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,917 6,557 1,259 1 100
Kokan . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 2,649 2,623 22 0 4
Soran. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,734 2,460 274 0 0
Taiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1,172 1,172 0. 0 0.
Tozenkei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,777 3,647 128 0 2

| The city is divided into cho (for which separate population figures are not available) as follows:

Asahi-cho Kiyamizu-cho Senjo-cho Takezono-cho

Chitose-cho Midori-cho Shogawa-cho Wakamatsu-cho

Hayabusa-cho Omiya-cho Showa-cho Yamato-cho

Hoku-cho Saiwai-cho Ta-machi Yanagi-rho

Hommarhi-rho Sakae-cho Taibu-cho Zuiho-cho

94
 Table 45: Population of Choshu-Gun, by subdivisions, 1935
Foreign:
Formosan (Chief
Total Chinese Japanese Korean &;
Choshu-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,4804 101,250 1,327 14 888

Banran-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,913 14,716 106 0

Banran". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,214 4,121 36 0
Gokosui. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
asa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mankin”. . . . . . . . . . .
Meihatsuson . . . . . . .
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
. .
..
.
. .
. .
.
.. . .
. .. .
... .
. .. .
.
.
1,959
2,395
-

-
1,940
2,367
-

-
12
13
-

-
-

-
0
0 :º
Rotorin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . - - - -

Seitoku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . - - - -

Sekizan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . 2,561 2,553 7 0

Shikosui. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 1,983 1,975 0 0
Shinoku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . - - - -

Shinseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 1,801 1,760 38 0

Tokosui. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . - - - -

Boryo-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,130 11,887 116 0. 1

Airyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Banshiron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 191 0 0

Boryo". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,438 4,324 81 0
Hokkibi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,295 1,284 6 0
Hokuseiryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

aſyO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Nairyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 516 0 0

Sekitoei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - * — - -

Shinkai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 687 0 0.

Suiteiryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,819 3,726 8 0.
Taikoei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952 927 21 0
Taisho. . . 232 232 0 0

Bozan-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,290 3,229 52 0

Bozan' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 413 15 0

Fuko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 1,795 1,759 27 0.
Heiho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . 371 371 0 0
Karokudo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 431 422 9 0
Nanseiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . 35 34 1 0
Shidokyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 230 0 0
Shihito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Choshu-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,015 13,032 562 14 4 7: m

Choshu" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,708 3,984 398 1 3
Gokairyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,131 2,912 149 13 ;;
Hachiroya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,164 1,164 0 0
Hokuseibi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Kikanseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Kyukaisekishi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Naisuiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . *. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Rinko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . - — - -

Ronshicho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 725 0 0

Shirin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,559 2,526 15 0
Shikaiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* ~ * - - - -

Taikyakusenrin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Yoshikyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,727 1,721 0 0

Naiho-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,956 22,708 125 0
Airyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 300 10 0.
Banshiho. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . - -- - -

Banshiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397 1,397 0 0

Churin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Chushinron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 2,164 2,138 26 0

Heirorin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Kafushu . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . - - - -

Naiho'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,198 4,100 26 0 72.

Ritohyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,584 1,584 0 0.
Rohokusei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,638 1,634 0 0
Rohi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,259 3,234 25 0.
Rotosei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121 2,105 4 0
Shijufun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Shimodaishin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Shinhokusei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 3,256 3,220 23 0

Shintosei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,029 2,996 11 0
Tohenshin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

95
 Table 45. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Shimpi-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,093 7,017 25 0 51

Datetsu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,106 1,072 0 0 34
Eiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kaifuryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kansan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kenko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,053 1,052 0. 0 1

Kotan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,303 1,296 6 0 1
Kunkiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,621 1,608 7 0 6
Manryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

angan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 717 3 0 1

Sharon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shimbanrun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shimpi'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,289 1,272 9 0 8

Shito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Takeda-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,778 . 9,621 76 0 81

Gokaiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Hozanseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115 1,115 0 0 0.

Kakobi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Koshiken . . 1,086 1,078 6 0 2

Nansei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,727 1,700 20 0 7
Niron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,554 1,534 0 0 20
Riho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Saisei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,163 2,101 31 0 31

Takeda". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,133 2,093 19 0 21
Tombutsutan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Toron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Tosento. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Aborigine territory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,305 19,040s 265 0 0

* Administrative center.
*The populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
figures given.
* Aborigines, located in 63 villages with post offices at Choshu, Boryo, Bozan.
* Given total includes 1 more than calculated total. º

Table 46: Population of Heito-Gun, by subdivisions, 1935

- - Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Heito-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,774 65,838 1,564 1 371

Choko-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,027 15,804 117 0 106

Banshiryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,668 2,652 1 0 15

Chokol'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,935 4,843 71 0 21
Rinraku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,545 4,474 29 0 42
Ronjo’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Rotanto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shimochikka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Shintanto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Tanteishini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Tokkyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,879 3,835 16 0 28

Washoryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Empo-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,128 12,923 150 0 55

Boseki - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,535 2,517 13 0 ° 5
Empo". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,218 4,049 126 0 43
Hambunshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kororo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kyudairokan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Seikeen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shiju. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shindairokan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

96
 Table 46. (Cont'd)
-
- Foreign:
Total
Formosan-
Chinese Japanese Korean
§:
hinese)

Kyukai-sho. . . . . . . .. .... . ... .. .. . . . .... . 7,749 7,495 240 0 14

Kosho. . . . . . . . . .. .... . ... .. .. . . . .... . 2,400 2,334 63 0 3
Kyukai". . . . . . . .. ... . . .. . .. . . . . . .... . 2,979 2,814 154 0 11
Oboryo. . . . . . . . .. .... . ... . . . . . . . .... . - - - - -

Sankaiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173 1,173 0 0 0

Shimoreisuiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 720 0 0 0
Tonei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 477 454 23 0 0
Riko-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,249 10,237 877 1 134
Buraku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 2,376 2,098 275 0 3
Churon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 0 0
Marokko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Mirikito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 616 589 24 0 3

Rikol.. 4,381 4,150 104 1 126
Sanchobu. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . 131 28 103 0 0
Shinchoshuseki. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . - - - - -

Toko. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. ... 2,172 1,799 371 0 2

Toro - - - - - - - 1,572 1,572 0 0 0
Rokki-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,251 6,091 138 0 22
Choshiho. . - - - - -

Doryuwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 832 8 0 2

Jorono. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kyusho... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Rokki". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,263 2,140 103 0 20

Rono. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 943 936 7 0 0
Shini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568 1,559 9 0. 0
Shinkai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 635 624 11 0 0
Shinryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Yoshikyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Takagi-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,692 12,592 38 0 62

Abassen. . . . . 1,146 1,139 0. 0 7
Denshi. . . . . . . 2,240 2,224 1 0 15
Hinode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Hokyoron.. - - - - - - - - - - - 1,221 1,219 0 0 2

Karappo... - - - - - - - - - - - 1,433 1,426 5 0 2
yunansei..
Kyusho... - - - -
-
- - - -

-
-

-
-

-
-

- t -

Shinnansei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Takagil. -- - - - - - 1,775 1,730 26 0 19

Toshinshin - - - - - - - 2,259 2,249 0 0 10
Aborigine territory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,929 6,7873 142 0 0.

| Administrative center.
*The populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
figures given.
"Aborigines, located in about 43 villages, with post offices at Riko, Rokki, Heito, Naiho. One source gives 43 villages, another 22.

Table 47: Population of Hozan-Gun, by subdivisions, 1935

foreign.
Formosan (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Hozan-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,086 102,859 2,125 16 1,086

Hozan-gai. . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19,837 18,337 831 16 653
Chikushikyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 651 11 0
Denchuei’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -

Doyabu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 165 36 0

Gokaiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 934 0 0
Goko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546 1,529 7 0
Gyuchoho - 548 538 8 0
Hishito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . - - - -

Hozan". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 10,758 9,527 596 16

Kahishi. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 228 219 9 0.
Rishinai. . . . .. . . . . . . . 820 820 0 0
Sekizan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 1,574 1,533 39 0
Shichiroya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 532 0 0
Shinko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 133 0 0
Shinshoshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘. . . . . . . . 1,718 1,577 125 0
Wanshito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 179 0 0

97
 Table 47. (Cont'd)

Formosan
foreign.
(Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese K rt Chinese)
~•
10,607 10,556 43

307 307 0.
55 55 0.
268 268 0
177 172 5
202 202 0
Gyushokko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 532 0
Hachikeiryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 290 0
Hoshako. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542 542 0
Jimbu'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,245 1,232 12
263 256 7
564 564 0
598 598 0
3,152 3,146 4
206 206 0
211 211 0
857 848 9
454 454 0
441 436 0
243 237 6

17,210 16,583 547 80.

171 171 0
221 205

72
16

0
t
72
Daijingu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 690 679 11
Dairimpo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,853 2,800 12 4
Ensuiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hobito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Komoko ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108
1,700
1,373
5,516
638
108
1,700
870
5,493
636
0
488
0

15
0
1 i
123 v 123 0
383 - 379 0
438 433 5
Soga . ...................... 524 520 0
Taiheicho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,807 1,802 0
Tairimpo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tenshiko. 593 592 0 1:
16,863 16,716 60

2,990 - 2,981 0

1,557 1,557. 0
Koshiho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,178 3,170 3
Kureikyaku. . . .
Okobyo. . . . 2,915 2,915
Rinshihen
Sembil
Tanto
1,662
2,530
2,031
16,759
2,508
1,547
2,527
2,019
16,344
2,476
258
0
52
0
5

16
i.
Kobaryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,378 2,364 0
Kyukyokudo 2,314 2,081 . 185
Machikuen
Musuiryo 2,266 2,253 0
3,311 3,277 - 29

Taiju". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,319 1,299 10

2,663 2,594 18 º:
98
 Table 47. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiº,
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Tairyo-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,007 17,586 337 0 84

Chososhu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Choshuryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Chusho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Hifukunai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Keihoryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kotan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,521 1,521 0 0 0.

Kosanshi... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kosho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Okoen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,215 3,199 5 0 11

Sanchicho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,339 3,128 188 0 23
Sekkan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,802 4,759 14 0 29
Senshiyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,630 1,602 23 0 5
Shinshoshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - -

Tairvo". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,500 3,377 107 0 16

Zensho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kyushokyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Torimatsu-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,808 6,737 49 0 17

Densoho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,879 1,862 5 0 12
Honkan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 200 0 0 0
Jukyuwan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 98 5 0 0
Kishikyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 359 0 0 0.
Muri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 681 1 0 3
Rampo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,003 1,001 0 0 2
Sanshikyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 469 469 0 0 0
Taikyakutai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 254 0 0 0
Torimatsu! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,232 1,194 38 0 0
Wanshinai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 619 0 0 0

Administrative center.
º: populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in sho and gai figures and in the village and town
gures given.

Table 48. Population of Kizan-Gun, by subdivisions, 1935

Foreign;
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese).

Kizam-gun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,825 78,213 1,936 18 658

Demryo-sho". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . 10,614 10,604 9 0 1

Darokuho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 693 0 0 0
Denryol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,070 2,067 3 0 0
Gyuchoho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958 957 1 0 0
Koteiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,124 1,124 0 0 0.
Kounun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,040 2,037 3 0 0.
Nananro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,137 2,134 2 0 1
Suikeitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,592 1,592 0 0 0

Kizam-gai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,999 21,411 1,116 14 458

Entanshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,258 2,240 18 0 0.
Hokusei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,069 1,065 4 0 0
Keishu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,810 5,743 17 0 50
Kibi... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,352 2,031 309 0 12
Kizan". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . 8,527 7,448 671 14 394
Reiko”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . - - - - -

Rodokko. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . 1,981 1,957 24 0 0.

Sankakkutsu . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . - - - - -

Shinsankakushi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . - - - - - -

Shukinryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002 927 73 0 2

Kosen-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,825 2,736 81 0 8

"Arikan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Daikyuen . . . . . . . ..... . ... . ... . .... ... - - - - -

Higashiarikan. . . ... .. .... .... . - - - - - - - 1,911 1,822 81 0 8.

Higashi-daikyuen . .. .. .. .. .... .... .... 914 914 0 0 0.
Hoshiryo. . . . . . . . ..... .. .. .... .... .... - - - - -

Kosen". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shorin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

99
 Table 48. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Mino-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,878 24,616 113 4 145

Chikushimon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Chikutokaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,470 3,460 - 8 0 2

Chuun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,243 4,184 24 0 35
Gyuho. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kichiyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,162 3,131 15 0 16

Kinkaryo. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,855 1,843 5 0 7
Kyukyurin. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Mino". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,709 7,599 37 4 69

Ryuketsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! - - - - -

Ryuto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,439 4,399 24 0 16

Shimokeihoryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Wako. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Naimon-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,041 11,002 36 0 3

Chuho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,451 1,450 0 0 1

Denrakutsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kannontei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 637 0 0. 0

Kohyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,360 1,355 5 0 0
Kyakuhakuryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 759 4 0 0
Mokushaku. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,111 2,110 1 0 0
Naiho'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,209 2,186 21 0 2
Raishako. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,382 1,382 0 0 0
Sekinai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Tasha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Toseiho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,128 1,123 5 0 0

Sanrin-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,064 7,007 39 0 18

Getsubi... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,961 2,919 25 0 17
Hakusuisai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Jichori. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971 962 8 0 1

Kancho - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Katoko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968 968 0 0 0

Rishiryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Sanrin". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 929 923 6 0 0

Shinsekishi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shinsho. . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,235 1,235 0 0 0

Aborigine territory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,767 5,3503 413 0 4

1 Administrative center.
* The populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
figures given. -

* Aborigines, located in about 22 villages, with post office at Kosen. One source gives 22 villages, another 30.
* Some sources show Demryo-sho in Kizam-gun, others in Okayama-gun.

Table 49: Population of Koshun-gun, by subdivisions, 1935

Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Koshon-gun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,012 28,549 835 1 627

Koshun-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,128 14,050 664 1 413

Baanzan”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Banrido. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Bishito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 480 0 0 13

Byoshiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 350 12 0 7
Daibanretsu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Garambi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,828 1,720 82 0 26

Haishiroto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Hakusha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Hinroko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Hokumongai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Jinkokaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Juson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Katoko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kishikaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - -

100
 Table 49. (Cont'd)

Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Koshun-sho (Cont'd)
Kontei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kororin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 603 595 0 0 8

Kosaiko. . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Koshun". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3,165 2,546 405 1 213

Kotozan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . 430 426 2 0 2
Mosha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894 894 0 0. 0
Ryusensui. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748 - 1,692 31 0 25
Sankyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 726 113 0 21
Sempanseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shabikutsu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . - - – - -

Shimosuikutsu. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . - - - - -

Shimosuisen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . - - - - -

Suisen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,306 1,267 0 0 39

Taiheicho. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 2,163 2,129 1 0 33
aiho. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . - - - - -

Taijubo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269 1,226 18 0 26

Tanshi... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Tainyumyu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Toko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Manshu-sho. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,672 5,508 32 0 132

Bakoko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Chorosoku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 607 1 0 1

Gyoranen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Hakikaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

607 587 6 0 14
488 483 5 0 0

282 282 0 0 0
1,194 1,109 18 0 67
1,417 1,383 1 0 33
Shimokorin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shajo-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,630 7,462 86 0 82

Denchuo. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . - - - - - 607 604 0 0 3
Horiki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . - - - - - 1,400 1,386 3 0 11
Kaiko. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 577 13 0 7
Kohoshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kowanshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . - - - - -

Naiho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shajo'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,444 2,388 24 0 32

Sharyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,407 1,390 0 0 17
Shijukei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 697 46 0 5
Shingai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 420 0. 0 7
Toho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Aborigine territory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,582 2,5293 53 0 0

* Administrative center.
* The populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
figures given.
* Aborigines, located in 7 villages, with post offices at Koshun, Shajo, Konteiryo.

Table 50: Population of Okayama-Gun, by subdivisions, 1935

Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Okayama-gun. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 148,401 146,186 1,392 1 822

Aren-sho. . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8,826 8,779 18 0 29
Aren'... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,691 2,655 13 0 23
Basshirin”. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Churo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,260 1,260 0 0 0

Koshiko. . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Kozanei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . 927 921 0 0 6

Kyuki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 391 5 0 0
Ronschicho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 939 0 0 0
Sekiantan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,130 2,130 0 0. 0
Toko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 483 483 0 0 0

101
 Table 50. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Enso-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,559 7,518 33 0 8

Chikushikyaku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 180 0 0 0

Chokeirin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 28 0 0 0
Enshochu'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,384 2,357 20 0 7
Ensoyu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,065 1,064 1 0 0
Kakushuku. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 299 0 0 0
Kankaryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - º -

Kanshirin. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . - - - - -

Keishirin.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 804 803 0 0 1

Konsui. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 139 0 0 0
Konsuihei. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 159 159 0 0. 0
Koshinai. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 323 0 0 0
Menzempo.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 736 734 2 0
0
0
O
Senshuryo. 847 847 0

Shinsui. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 585 10 0 0

Komai-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,505 28,413 54 0 38

Chikko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748 1,748 0 0 O

Chokatei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,220 11,200 15 0 5

Hakusharon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Ishinai". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,256 8,215 25 0 16

Kaiho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,217 4,203 3 0 11
Kiro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,074 1,074 0 0 0
Konai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 566 0 0 0
Taiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424 1,407 11 0 6

Mida-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,720 26,577 95 0 48

Chikushiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587 587 0 0 0.

Chokashiryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,891 2,889 0 0 2
Entei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . 3,363 3,363 0 0 0
Kaibi. . . . . . 766 766 0 0 0
Katoko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 616 616 0 0 0
Kokoron. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 5 0 0 0
Kyukoko. . . . . . . 3,182 3,181 1 0 0
Midal . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,633 2,582 35 0 16
Ratei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 2,082 2,077 0 0 5
Sekkan . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,088 3,073 7 0 0
Sekiratan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304 1,304 0 0 0
Shikan. . . . . 3,557 3,521 26 0 10
Shinsekishi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . - - - - -

Taishako. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1,598 1,597 0 0 1

Ujurin. . . . 1,048 1,016 26 0 6

Namshi-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,606 17,771 616 1 218

Choenden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 445 0 0 0

Chuki. . . - - - 224 223 0 0 1
Churorin. . . . . . . . 129 129 0 0 0
Goririn . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,824 2,824 0 0 0
Hakujushi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,132 2,126 0 0 6
Hozanseki. . . . . - 679 669 10 0 0
Kokei. . . . . . 2,714 2,708 2 0 4
Kyukoi. . . - - - 1,848 1,847 0 0 1
Kyoshito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,603 1,075 424 0 104
Nanshi!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,573 2,366 124 0 83
Rinshito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849 849 0 0 0
Shiryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,895 1,820 56 1 18
Toko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 690 0 0 1

Okayama-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,285 14,534 429 0 322

Dashi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,252 1,246 6 0 0

Daijo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 933 6 0 1
Gaibiron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,556 1,556 0 0 0
Gokobi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,470 1,447 16 0 7
Hakumai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 187 0 0 0
Honshu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 467 4 0 0
Koko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201 1,102 95 0 5
Kokyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,865 1,854 0 0 11
Okayama'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,383 3,792 300 0 291
Tairyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 69 0 0 0
Wanshinai. . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 198 0 0 0
Zembo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758 748 3 0 7
Zemboshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935 935 0 0. 0.

102
 Table 50. (Cont'd)

Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Rochiku-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,341 14,246 69 0 26

Eigo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 162 24 0 0.

Gesha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Hokureiken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 460 0 0 ()

Ikko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,158 2,158 0 0 ()
Kako. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,318 1,318 0 0 ()
Kokyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,018 1,018 0 0 ()
Oboryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 640 0 0 1
Rochiku! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,719 3,680 24 0 15
Saibun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Sanyahi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 588 1 0 0

Shinen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972 972 0 0 0
Taisha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,280 - 3,250 20 0 10

Saei-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,945 17,744 69 0 132

Bugo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,903 1,903 0 0 0
Chikushikyaku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 534 0 0 0
Enchuko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043 2,043 0 0 ()
Fukuteikin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,050 1,050 0 0 0
Hishito. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,275 1,195 26 0 54
Kyujo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Saei". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,868 7,782 26 0 60

Saiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 158 0 0 0
Sancho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shimoenden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 384 0 0 0

Shimokashiryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 338 0 0 ()
Toshien. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Uchu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,392 2,357 17 0 18

Administrative center. - -

2 #. populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
gures given.

Table 51: Population of Toko-gun, by subdivisions, 1935

Foreign
Formosan- (Chieft
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese

Toko-gun . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 92,694 90,977 996 0 721

Bantan-sho. . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20,061 19,769 191 () 101

Bansha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Bantan! . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,684 3,535 77 0 72

Chorinshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,047 1,047 0 0 0
Choshinshoshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - e - -

Churinshi’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - -- -

Gekan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,332 4,295 30 0 7

Hochose! i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 761 37 () 4
Kahoen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Kantomon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 400 2 0 ()

Koan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kokabu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326 1,320 0 0 6

Koshoshi. . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,407 1,397 10 0 0
Ransho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 341 0 0 0
Shahi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,284 3,265 13 0 6
Shinshoshi . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,426 3,408 12 0 6
uisen. . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Kato-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,619 12,509 29 0 81

Banshiryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Buteitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 294 0 0 0

Choryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -- - - - -

Daibutei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - 896 896 0. 0 0

Kahoto. . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 875 87.2 1. 0 2
Kato' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,012 2,950 21 0 41
Korobi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 67 0 () 0
Kyoen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 505 0 0 ()
Onshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,741 1,741 0 0. ()
Roen. . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Sekkoken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,689 3,659 0 0 30

Shoryu . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,540 1,525 7 0 8

103
 Table 51. (Cont'd)
Foreign:
Formosan- (Chiefly
Total Chinese Japanese Korean Chinese)

Rimpen-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,590 - 15,020 416 0 154

Banshiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Chikushikyaku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,372 1,358 5 0 9

Denkenseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,207 2,205 1 0 1
Gyuho... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 572 0 0 1
Hoso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kanshiko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 603 0 0 0

Kasho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Keishu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,888 3,466 358 0. 64

Koshinai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757 757 0 0 O
Ranto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 508 0 0 0
Rimpen". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,335 4,204 52 0 79
Ronshicho. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shahen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Sharoken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633 633 0 0 0.

Shichikaiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.4 714 0 0 0
Uho... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Ryukyu-sho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,216 5,203 13 0 0

Tairyo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - * — - - -

Tendai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Hakushabi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shinen-sho. . . . . .‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,949 20,849 54 0 46

Chikuishi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Denyoshi. . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,336 1,321 11 0 4

Denryo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Gayoshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,011 1,011 0 0 0.

Goboshu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,041 1,041 0 0 0
Hokuseishi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kakeishi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,617 1,615 0 0 2

Kancho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,839 1,815 19 0 5
Kobu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Kobushi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - -

Kohekiseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - -

Kosei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Naishoshi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Rikisha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1,556 1,552 0 0 4

Senkobyo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,416 1,395 15 0 6
Shabi... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -

Shinen!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,622 3,611 0 0 11

Shushi. 1,449 1,449 0 0 0
Uryu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,062 6,039 9 0 14
Emposhi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - -

Toko-gai . . . . . . . . . . . . ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,259 17,627 293 0 339

Daitanshin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 974 970 0 0 4
Kabu. . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,096 1,096 0 0 0
Koonshi. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Administrative center.
* The populations of villages for which separate figures are not available have been included both in the sho and gai figures and in the village and town
figures given.

104
 Appendix II

Appendix II. Alphabetical list of cities, city subdivisions, towns,

and villages in Takao Province

Note: See preface for discussion of place names used in Taiwan. The following table lists towns and villages alpha
betically according to the preferred Hepburn Japanese Romanization together with alternative Japanese readings,
Formosan-Chinese equivalents, and location. Preferred readings are given first, alternative readings following. This
list does not include aborigine villages.

Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

A — 1. Abassen; Abatsusen A-poat-choa" Faſ # 3. Takagi-sho, Heito-gun

2. Abatsusen (See Abassen).

3. Airyo Ai-liau
# #. Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun

4. Airyo Ai-liau fá š. Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

5. Aren A-lian
Fajik. A ren-sho, Okayama-gun

6. Arikan A-li-koan
faj g fift Kosem-sho, Kizam-gun

7. Asahi-cho Khiot-teng Heito City,

%9, aſ
B – 1. Banan, Maanzan Beh-an-soa" Kosh un-sho, Koshun-gun
É # Ja
2. Bakoko Piu-ko-kong Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun
# &2
3. Bankin (See Mankin)

4. Banran; Manran Ban-loan Bamran-sho, Choshu-gun

5. Banrido; Manrido Ban-li-tong

§ { Sº Koshun-sho, Koshun gun

6. Bansha Hoan-sia # #} Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

7. Banshiho; Hanshiho IHoan-a-po # 3.34. Naiho sho, Choshu-gun

8. Banshiho; Hanshiho Hoan-a-po # 3 }# Heito City

9. Banshiron; Hanshiron IIoan-a-lung

à-3 #. Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

10. Banshiryo; Hanshiryo Hoan-a-liau

#3 & Choko-sho, Heito-gun

10
 Formosan-Chinese Location
Japanese

11. Banshiryo; Hanshiryo Hoan-a-liau

# 3 # Kato-sho, Toko-gun

12. Banshiseki; Hanshiseki Hoan-a-chhu

# 3 Jä Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun

13. Banshiseki; Hanshiseki Hoan-a-chhu

# 3 Já Naiko-sho, Choshu-gun

14. Bantan; Mandan; Ban-tan Bantan-sho, Toko-gu n

Mantan jº, ſº
Aren-sho, Okayama-gun
15. Basshirin; Batsushirin Poat-a-na
3%.33}
16. Batsushirin (See Basshirin)

17. Bishito Phin-a-thau

####| Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

18. Boryo; Horyo Pngn-liau Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

## $
19. Bºi. Hoseki Phen-chhu Empo-sho, Heito-gun
#3 Já
20. Bozan; Hosan; Hozan Png"-soa" Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun
3% J.
21. Bugo Po-au Saei-sho, Okayama-gun
Jā; 3%
. Bukko Put-king Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun
A# 2
. Buraku; Muraku Bu-lok Riko-sho, Heito-gun
à. 33.
. Buteitan Bu-teng-tham Kato-sho, Toko-gun
*T: -

. Byoshiko Niau"-a-khen Koshun-sho, Kosh un-gun

## 3.3%
Tek-hau Komai-sho, okayama-gun
. Chikko; Chikuko
'ºr 3%
. Chikuden (See Takeda)

. Chikuishi Tek-ui-a Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

Arril 3.
. Chikuko (See Chikko)

Chikushiko Tek-a-kang Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

~

Arr 3 }
Chikushikyaku Tek-a-khah Hozan-gai, Hozan-gun
ºr 3 };
Chikushikyaku Tek-a-khah Enso-sho, Okayama-gum
ºr 3 ſh;
Chikushikyaku Tek-a-khah Saei-sho, Okayama-gun
* 3: Aft
106
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

. Chikushikyaku Tek-a-khah
ºf 3-Hip Rim pen-sho, Toko-gun

10. Chikushimon J imbu-sho, Hozan-gun

Tek-a-ming" # 3-??
11. Chikushimon Tek-a-ming" Prº 3 Pºl Mino-sho, Kizam-gun

12. Chikutokaku Tek-thau-kak

'ºr jū Ā Mino-sho, Kizam-gun

13. chitose-cho Heito City

+ š, wr
14. Choenden Teng-iam-chhan Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun
1% ºft tº
15. Chojo (See Torimatsu)

16. Chokashiryo Teng-koa-a-liau rážáž% Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

17. Chokatei Teng-kha-teng Konai-sho, Okayama-gum

1íž
18. Chokeirin Tiau-ke-na" Enso-sho, Okayama-gun
#####,
19. Choko Tiong-heng Choko-sho, Heito-gun
-É #.
Bantan-sho, Toko-gun
20. Chorinshi Teng-na"-a Jä33-3
Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun
21. Chorosoku Ti-lau-sok
#####.
Kato-sho, Toko-gun
22. Choryo Teng-liau Tº #
Choryushirin Teng-liu-a-na" * {3}} Heito City, Takao

. Choshiho Thiong-a-po Rokki-sho, Heito

3%.33%
25. Choshinshoshi Teng-sin-chng"-a Bantan-sho, Toko-gun
* }}#3.
Choshu Tioh-chiu Choshu-sho, Choshu-gun
#A #
27. Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun
Choshuryo Tio-chiu-liau
słA ##
28. Chososhu O-tsu-chiu Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun
§§.3%
-

29. Chubu Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun

Tiong-po
*/#,
30. Chudaiseki (See Chutaiseki)
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Location

31. Chuho Tiong-po Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun

* }#
32. Chuki Tiong-kai
*} ºff Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

33. Churin Tiong-na *} ++ Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun

34. Churinshi Tiong-na-a *# 3+3. Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

35. Churinshi Tiong-na-a

3 #3. Kominato-sho, Hozam-gun

36. Churo Tiong-lo

& #. A rem-sho, Okayama-gun

37. Churon Tiong-lung

*} & Riko-sho, Heito-gun

38. Churorin Tiong-lo-na" * ##. Namshi-sho, Okayama-gum

39. Chushinron Tiong-sim-lung *~ * Naiko-sho, Choshu-gun

40. Chusho Tiong-chng"

sh jì Tairyo-sho, Hozam-gun

41. Chusho Tiong-chng"

* j}. Rokki-sho, Heito-gun

42. Chushu-cho Tiong-chiu-teng * >Hwſ Takao City

43. Chutaiseki; Chudaiseki Tiong-toa-chhu

3 kJä Kominato-sho, Hozam-gun

44. Chuun Tiong-un 3° 33 Rinem-sho, Hozan-gun

. Daibanretsu; Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

Daihanretsu x 33.3%
. Daibu-cho (See Ta ibu-cho)
2, #. GT
. Daibutei Toa-bu-teng Kato-sho, Toko-gun
9. A. J.
. Daihanretsu (See Daibanretsu)

. Daijingu *A& Komina to-sho, Hozan-gun

=}:
. Daijo Tai-siong Okayama-gum

. Daiju (See Taiju)

. Daikyuen Toa-khu-hng" } %ſ Bāl Kosen-sho, Kizam-gun

. Dairimpo; Dairinpo; Toa-nam-po Kominato-sho, Hozam-gun

Tairinpo 2, #3%
108
 Japanese Foºtnosan-Chinese Character Location

10. Dairinpo % ### (See Dairimpo)

11. Daiwan; Taiwan Toa-uan

9 # Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

12. Darokuho Phah-lok-po 41 jš3à Demryo-sho, Kizam-gun

13. Dashi Lo-a 3%, 3. Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

14. Dashikei Choa-a-heng # 3 #% Jimbw-sho, Hozan-gun

15. Daisho (See Taisho)

16. Daitanshin Toa-tham-sin 9 Słł'ſ Toko-gai, Toko-gun

17. Datetsu Phah-thi +T 3% Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

18. Denchuei Chhan-tiong-eng tº ## Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun

19. Denchuo Chhan-tiong-ng" tº #3% Shajo-sho, Koshun-gun

20. Denkenseki Chhan-kin-chhu \#34%jã Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun

21. Denrakutsu Chhan-he-khut wº, ##3% Naimon-sho, Kizan-gun

22. Denryo Chhan-liau wº Denryo-sho, Kizan-gun

23. Denryo Chhan-liau tº #. Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

24. Denshi Chhan-a tº 3 Takagi-sho, Heito-gun

25. Densoho Chhan-chhau-po głºń Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun

26. Denyoshi Chhan-ium-a wº:#3 Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

27. Doryuwan Tho-long-oan 3 #5% Rokki-sho, Heito-gun

28. Doyabu To-iah-po säää Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun

. Eigo Ia-au Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

. Eiko Eng-heng Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

Empo; Enho; Enpo Iam-po Empo-sho, Heito-gun

Emposhi Iam-po-a Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

. Enchuko Oan-tiong-kang
### Saei-sho, Okayama-gun

. Enho (See Empo)

. Enpo (See Empo)

. Enshochu (See Ensochu)

. Ensochu; Enshochu Oan-siu-tiong

3### Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

10. Ensoyu Oan-siu-iu

### Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

11. Ensuiko Iam-chiu-kang § 2k} Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun

12. Entanshi I-tham-a

Él:# 3 Kizam-gai, Kizam-gun

13. Entei Iam-tia

#3% Mido-sho, Okayama-gun

14. Entei-cho Iam-tian-teng § 3; aſ Takao City

. Fuko Hong-kang #Už Bozan-sho, Choshw-gun

. Fukuteikin Phak-teng-kim # *% Saei-sho, Okayama-gun

. Funkiko; Kunkiko Pun-ki-o

Ž-## Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

. Gaibiron Ke-boe-lung
#44. Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

Gancho (See Kancho)

-

. Garamei; Garanbi Go-lan-phi" Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

. Garanbi (See Garambi)

. Gayoshi Hia-iau-a # &#3 Shinem-sho, Toko-gun

Hia-iau-sin
. Gayoshin
#,A## Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

Gekan E-hap -E ## Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

Gesha E-sia Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

T #}.
. Getsubi Goe-bia Sanrin-sho, Kizam-gun
A#
10. Gishiko-cho
jã ºf ºf Takao City
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Location

11. Goboshu Go-pong-chiu 37%;"| Shimen-sho, Toko-gun

12. Gokairyo Go-te-liau

#3%.3% Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun

13. Gokaiseki Go-te-chhu

#3%jä Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun

14. Gokaiseki Go-te-chhu #3%.Jä Rinen-sho, Hozan-gun

15. Gokaiseki Go-te-chhu Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

3.3%/ă
16. Gokaiseki Go-te-chhu
# #Jä Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun

Gokham
17. Gokitan
3% ºft# Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

18. Goko Go-kah Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun

#7 ºf
Go-kah-boe
19. Gokobi
3, #74,. Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

. Gokosui Go-kan-chui 37. #7k Bamran-sho, Choshu-gun

. Goririn Go-li-na
+ £3% Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

. Gotan (See Kotan)

. Gowanshi (See Kowanshi)

24. Gyoranen Hi-lan-lam Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun

25.
&##.
Gyuchoho Gu-tiau-po Denryo-sho, Kizam-gun
2}}}}#
26. Gyuchoho Gu-tioh-po Hozan-gai, Hozan-gun
2+ #H#
27. Gyuho Gu-po Mino-sho, Kizam-gun
2} }}
28. Gyuho Gu-po Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun
*H 3%
Gu-chish-khen
29. Gyushokko;
Gyushokuko 2-#3% Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun.

. Hachikeiryo Pat-kua-liau
y\ ## Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

2 Pat-lau-iah
Hachiroya
y^*ś Choshu-gun, Choshu-gai

. Haishiroto Pai-a-lo-thau
#3, #3% Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

. Hakubei (See Hakumai)

 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

Peh-chhiu-a
. Hakujushi
& #3. Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

. Hakikaku Pa-ku-kak
og # #. Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun

. Hakumai; Hakubei Peh-bi

& #. Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

. Hakusha; Hakusa Peh-soa Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

. Hakushabi Peh-soa-boe Ryukyu, Toko-gun

>}
10. Hakushabi Peh-soa-bi Manshu-sho, Kosh un-gun
3.| Y

11. Hakusharon Peh-soa-lung ºz

Komai-sho, Okayama-gun

12. Hakusuisai

13. Hambunshi; Hanbunshi

14. Hanbunshi

15. Hanshiho
Peh-chui-kin

Poan-hun-a
: ! 3
: Sanrin-sho, Kizan-gum

Empo-sho, Heito-gun

(See Hambunshi)

(See Banshiho)

16. Hanshiho (See Banshiho)

17. Hanshiron (see Banshiron)

18. Hanshiryo (See Banshiryo)

19. Hanshiseki (See Banshiseki)

20. Hayabusa-cho Heito City

# wr
21. Heiho Pe-po Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun
#3;
22. Heirorin Pin-nng-na Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun
3% #}}
23. Heito City Ping-tong Heito-gun
J###,
24. Heiwa-cho Peng-ho Takao City
#4a wſ
25. Hifukunai Pi-pak-lai Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun
jià Hºl
. Higashiarikan; Tang-a-li-koan Kozen-sho, Kizam-gun
Toarikan
# Fjæ à
27. Higashidaikyuen; Tang-toa-khu-hng" Kosen-sho, Kizan-gun
Todaikyuen jºkºl
11
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

28. Hinode Jit-chhut v. H. Takagi-sho, Heito-gun

29. Hinroko; Binroko Ping-nngº-khen

####3% Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

30. Hishito Pi-a-thau

Já 3-##| Saei-sho, Okayama-gun

31. Hishito Pi-a-thau

3%. 3 ºff Hosan-wai Hozam-gun
32. Hobito Hong-phin-thau
J& ###| Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun

33. Hochoseki Po-tiun-chhu

A##Jä Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

34. Hokkibi Pak-ki-boe

3tiº, Boryo-sho, Choshw-gun

35. Hoku-cho; Ki ta-cho Pak-teng

3k, aſ Heito City

36. Hokumongai Pak-mng"-goa

yk, 213N Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

37. Hokureiken Pak-nia-ki Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

3b%3%
38. Hokusei Pak-si
Jº Kizam-gai Kizam-gun,

39. Hokuseibi Pak-si boe

3% #3% Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun

40. Hokuseiryo Pak-si-liau

38.3% Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

41. Hokuseishi Pak-si-a

3% # 3. Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

42. Hokyoron Po-kiun-lung Takagi-sho, Heito-gun

###.
43. Hommachi; Hon-machi Pun-teng Heito City
złºwſ
44. Honkan Pun-koan Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun
złºść
45. Hon-Machi (See Hommachi)

46. Honshu Pun-chiu Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

#=
47. Horie-cho Takao City
3%3:r.
48. Horiki Po-lek Shajo-sho, Koshun-gun
{# ſh
49. Horyo (See Boryo)

50. Hosan (See Bozan)

# J.
113
 .Japanese Formosan-Chinese Location

51. Hoseki
#}} (See Boseki)

52. Hoshako Po-sia-kah Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

4}#-#7
53. Hoshiryo Pau-a-liau Kosen-sho, Kizam-gun
# 33.
. Hoshuko Po-chu-kan
### Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun

. Hoso Pang-song
# #. Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun

56. Hozan (See Bozan)

3% J.
. Hozan; Hosan Hong-soa" Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun
Jé0 Ju
58. Hozanseki Hong-soa"-chhu Jé, J.Jä Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

59. Hozanseki Hong-soa"-chhu J&J JJä Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun

. Ikko It-kah Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

– f.
. Irifume-cho 2\#3 Takao City

. Ishinai Ui-a-lai
ū)3 ſh Konai-sho, Okayama-gun

. Jimbu; Jinbu; Nimbu Jin-bu Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

4= #.
. Jinbu (See Jimbu)

. Jinkokaku Sim-king-chhui Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

. Jitchori; Juchori Chap-tium-le

**** Sanrin-sho, Kizan-gun
-- 3:##!
. Jorono Siong-lau-long Rokki-sho, Heito-gun

. Juchori (See Jitchori)

. Jukyuwan Chap-kau-oan Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun

. Juson Chhiu-chai Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

. Kaboko Hoe-pang-khau Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun

. Kabu E-po Toko-gai, Toko-gun

. Kachikka • *...*---- - - - -
*** * -
(See Shimochikka)

114
 Character Location
Japanese Formosan-Chinese

. Kadaishin (See Shimodaishin)

Kadenshi-cho # a 3-w'ſ Takao City

. Kahishi Koe-pi-a 33.3%. 3. Hozam-gai, Hozam-gun

. Kaifuryo Hai-hong-liau # 60% Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

Kafushu E-phu-chun + $33) Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun

Kahoen; Kareiran Ka-le-lam ſha ### Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

10. Kahoto E-po-thau Kato-sho, Toko-gun

11. Kaibi Hai-boe Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

12. Kaiho Hai-po

Konai-sho, Okayama-gun

13. Kaiho Hai-hong Heito City

14. Kaiko Hai-khau (See Shimokeihoryo)

. Kakeihoryo Shajo-sho, Kosh un-gun

16. Kakeishi Koe-khe-a Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

17. Kako Koe-kang Rinen-sho, Hozan-gun

18. Kako E-khen Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

19. Kakobi E-kang-boe Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun

20. Kakorin (See Shimokorin)

21. Kakushuku Kak-siok Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

22. Kancho Sanrin-sho, Kizam-gun

Kham-teng

23. Kancho; Gancho Kham-teng Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

24. Kankaryo Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

25. Kannontei Koan-im-teng Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun

26. Kansan Kan-sam Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

27. Kanshiko Ham-a-khau Rim pen-sho, Toko-gun

115
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

28. Kanshirin Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

29. Kanteicho Koan-te-thian

§§§ Takao City

30. Kantomon Kam-tong-mng" # #Fº Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

31. Karappo Ka-lap-po Ža ###| Takagi-sho, Heito-gun

32. Kareisuiko (See Shimoreisuiko)

sº Karokudo Ka-liok-tong
2%a ### Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun

34. Karyo E-liau

T #" Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

35. Kasa Ke-cho

A#4% Bamram-sho, Choshu-gun

36. Kasho E-chng"

Tº j}. Rim pen-sho, Toko-gun

37. Kasuikutsu (See Shimosuikutsu)

38. Kato Katang Kato-sho, Toko-gun

39. Katoko Ka-tang-o Koshun-sho, Kosh un-gun

40. Katoko Ka-tang-o Samrin-sho, Kizam-gun

41. Katoko Ka-tang-khen Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

42. Keiho Khe-po Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun

43. Keihoryo Khe-po-liau Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun

44. Keishirin Kheng-a-na" Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

45. Keishu Khe-chiu Kizam-gai, Kizam-gum

46. Keishu Khe-chiu Rim pen-sho, Toko-gun

47. Keishu Khe-chiu Rinen-sho, Hozan-gun

48. Kenko Koan-kho Hozam-gai, Hozam-gun

49. Kenko Kian-kong Shim pi-sho, Choshu-gun

. Kibi Ki-boe Kizam-gai, Kizan-gun

 Formosan-Chinese Character Location
Japanese

Mino-sho, Kizam-gun
51. Kichiyo Kiat-ion
##
Ki-au Takao City
52. Kigo-cho
#3% ºf
. Kikanseki Ki-kan-chhu Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun
Ž###
Kim-koa-liau Mino-sho, Kizam-gun
54. Kinkaryo
Aºſkº
55. Kirai Kui-lai Heito City -

56. Kiro Kia-lau Komai-sho, Okayama-gun

57. Kisan (See Kizan)

58. Kishikaku Ku-a-kak Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

. Kishikakuzan Ku-a-kak-soan Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun

60. Kishikyaku Kiah-a-kha Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun

61. Kita-cho (See Hoku-cho)

62. Kitamo-cho Pak-iah-teng Takao City

63. Kiton Ku-tan Heito City

64. Kiyomizu-cho; Chheng-chui Heito City

Shimizu-cho
-

65. Kizan; Kisan Ki-soan Kizam-gai, Kizam-gun

66. Koan Khong-an Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

67. Kobaryo Ko-po-liau Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun

68. Kobu Au-po Shimen-sho, Toko-gun

69. Kobushi Au-po-a Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

70. Kogawa-cho (See Ogawa-cho)

71. Kohekiseki Au-piah-chhu Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

72. Kohoshi Kau-khak-a Shajo-sho, Koshun-gun

73. Kohyo Kang-pen Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun

11 i
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

74. Kokabu Heng-hoa-po Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

#4,#ſ.
75. Kokan Kong-koan Zºë Heito City

76. Kokei Au-keng 4% £h Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

77. Koko Kang-khau % a Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun

78. Koko Au'ang 3% #1. Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

79. Kokoron Kang-khau-lung =} a + Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

80. Kokyo Au-hiap 3% # Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

81. Kokyo Au-hiong Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

4% #3;
82. Kominato; Shoko Siau-kang Js 5%. Kominato-sho, Hozam-gun

83. Komoko Kominato-sho, Hozam-gun

Ang-mng"-kang

84. Konai O-lai Konai-sho, Okayama-gun

85. Konsui Kun-chui Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

86. Konsuihei Kun-chui-peng Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

87. Konsuihei Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

Kun-chui-peng

88. Kontei Khun-teng Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

89. Koonshi Au-un-a Toko-gai, Toko-gun

90. Korin Hiang-na" Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun

91. Korobi Ko-lo-boe Kato-sho, Toko-gum

92. Kororin Khong-long-na" Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

93. Kororo Ko-lang-lang Empo-sho, Heito-gun

94. Kosai (See Kosei)

95. Kosaiko Ang-chha-khen Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

118
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

96. Kosanshi Kang-soa"-a Tairyo-sho, Hosa n-own

97. Kosei; Kosai Kang-sai Shinen-sho, Toko-own
98. Kosen Ka-sian Kosen-sho, Kizam-gun

99. Koshi Kang-a Mansh w-sho, Koshu n-gun

100. Koshiho Kang-a-po Rinen-sho, Hozan-gun

101. Koshiken Kang-a-khen Takeda-sho, cº

*** . .
102. Koshiko Kang-a-au A ren-sho, Okayama-gun

103. Koshinai Kang-a-lai Rim pen-sho, Toko-own

104. Koshinai O-a-lai Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

105. Kosho Au-chng" Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun

106. Kosho Au-chng" Kyukai-sho, Heito-gun

107. Koshoshi Au-chng"-a Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

108. Koshoshi; Goshoshi Au-chng"-a Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

109. Koshun Heng-chhun Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

110. Kotan; Gotan Kho-tham Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun

111. Kotan Ko-tam

Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

112. Kotan Hiong-tham Shim pi-sho, Chosh u-gun

113. Koteiko Ko-teng-khe" Denryo-sho, Kizam-gun

. Kotobuki-cho Takao City

##,
. Kotozan Ho-thau-soa"
ń. J) Kosh un-sho, Kosh un-gun

116.

117.
Kounun; Kaunun

Kowanshi; Gowanshi
Kau-un-khun

Au-oan-a
*]
|º Den ryo-sho, Kosh un-gun

Shajo-sho, Kosh un-gun

118. Kozanei Kong-soa"-ia"

119
º
|% A ren-sho, Okayama-gun
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

. Enchuko Oan-tiong-kang
### Saei-sho, Okayama-gun

. Enho (See Empo)

. Enpo (See Empo)

. Enshochu (See Ensochu)

. Ensochu; Enshochu Oan-siu-tiong

### Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

10. Ensoyu Oan-siu-iu

### Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

11. Ensuiko Iam-chiu-kang #2k} Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun

12. Entanshi I-tham-a

§ 3; 3. Kizam-gai, Kizam-gun

13. Entei Iam-tia

$3% Mido-sho, Okayama-gun

14. Entei-cho Iam-tian-teng § 3; aſ Takao City

. Fuko Hong-kang #Už Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun

. Fukuteikin Phak-teng-kim ###: Saei-sho, Okayama-gun

. Funkiko; Kunkiko Pun-ki-o

Ž-## Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

. Gaibiron Ke-boe-lung
#4,#. Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

. Gancho (See Kancho)

. Garamei; Garanbi Go-lan-phi"

### Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

. Garanbi (See Garambi)

. Gayoshi Hia-iau-a #,é+ Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

. Gayoshin Hia-iau-sin
#,A## Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

. Gekan E-hap Bantam-sho, Toko-gun

. Gesha E-sia Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

. Getsubi Goe-bia Sanrin-sho, Kizam-gun

10. Gishiko-cho
ſº fºſ Takao City
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

11. Goboshu Go-pong-chiu 37%;"| Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

12. Gokairyo Go-te-liau

#3%.3% Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun

13. Gokaiseki Go-te-chhu

#3%jä Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun

14. Gokaiseki Go-te-chhu #13%.Jä Rinen-sho, Hozan-gun

15. Gokaiseki Go-te-chhu Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

3.3%/å
16. Gokaiseki Go-te-chhu
# #Jä Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun

Goºd than
17. Gokitan
3% ºft# Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

18. Goko Go-kah Hozan-gai, Hozan-gun

#7 ºf
19. Gokobi Go-kah-boe
3, #7/3, . Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

20. Gokosui Go-kan-chui 33. # zk Bamran-sho, Choshu-gun

21. Goririn Go-li-na

3, ##$ Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

22. Gotan (See Kotan)

23. Gowanshi (See Kowanshi)

24. Gyoranen Hi-lan-lam Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun

25. Gyuchoho Gu-tiau-po Denryo-sho, Kizan-gun

2++º]}#
26. Gyuchoho Gu-tioh-po Hozan-gai, Hozan-gun
2+3A%
27. Gyuho Gu-po Mino-sho, Kizam-gun

28. Gyuho Gu-po Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun

29. Gyushokko; Gu-chish-khen Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun,

Gyushokuko

. Hachikeiryo Pat-kua-liau Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

2 Hachiroya Pat-lau-iah Choshu-gun, Choshu-gai

Haishiroto Pai-a-lo-thau Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

Hakubei (See Hakumai)

111
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

119. Kuchishi Khang-teh-a Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun

§ 3.03.
120. Kunkiko (See Funkiko)

121. Kureikyaku Kho-leng-khah Rinen-sho, Hosan-own

## -

122. Kurogape-cho Heito City

¥4-wſ
123. Kyakuhakuryo Khah-peh-liau Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun

124. Kyoen Kiun-hng"

£ tº Kato-sho, Toko-gun

125. Kyoshito Kio-a-thau Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

# 3 ºff
126. Kyudairokan Ku-toa-lo-koan Empo-sho, Heito-gun
#33&#
127. Kyuho Kau-pe Manshu-sho, Kosh un-gun

128. Kyujo Ku-sia" Saei-sho, Okayama-gum

129. Kyukai Kau-te Kyukai-sho, Heito-gun

130. Kyukaisekishi Kau-te-chhu-a Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun

131. Kyuki Kau-khau Aren-sho, Okayama-gun

132. Kyukoi Kau-kah-ui Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

133. Kyukoko Ku-kang-khau Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

134. Kyukoseki Kau-ke-chhu Manshu-sh o Koshun-gun

135. Kyukyokudo Kau-khiok-tong Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun

136. Kyukyurin Kau-kiong-na" Mino-sho, Kizam-gun

137. Kyunansei Ku-lam-se Takagi-sho, Heito-gun

138. Kyuryo Ku-liau Takagi-sho, Heito-gun

139. Kyusho Ku-chng" Rokki-sho, Heito-gun -

140. Kyusho Ku-chng" Takuyi-sho, Heito-gun

120
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

141. Kyushokyaku Kiong-chiau-khah Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun

142. Kyushokyaku #### Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun

M— 1. Maanzan (See Baanzan)

§º J
. Machikuen Moan-tek-hing" Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun

. Mandan (See Bantan)

. Mankin; Bankin Ban-kim Banran-sho, Choshu-gun

. Manran (See Banran)

. Manrido (See Banrido)

7. Manryu Ban-leng Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

. Manshu Boan-chiu Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun

. Mantan (See Bantan)

. Marokko; Marokuko Moa"-lak-kah Riko-sho, Heito-gun

. Marokuko (See Marokko)

. Meihatsuson Beng-hoat-chhoan Bamran-sho, Choshu-gun

3. Mensenpo (See Menzempo)

. Menzempo; Mensenpo Sai-chian-po Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

. Mida; Mita Mi-to Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

. Midori-cho Takao City

17. Minato-cho
Takao City

18. Mino
Mino-sho, Kizan-gun

19. Minori-cho
Heito City
#wſ
. Mirikito Mi-lat-to
sº hº Riko-sho, Heito-gun

121
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Location

. Mita
jià F. (See Mida)

. Mokushaku Bok-sa
3 #90, Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun

3. Mosha Bang-se Koshun-sho, Kosh un-gun

. Muraku
jā, ś (See Buraku)

25. Muri Bang-li

&# Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun

26. Musuiryo Bo-chui-liau

£7k; Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun

. Naiho Lai-po vº) #, Shajo-sho, Koshun-gun

. Naiho Lai-po dº Hä Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun

. Naiho Lai-po
Wh Hà Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun

. Naii-cho
vº) H3 ºr Takao City

. Naikantei Lai-koan-te Toko-gai, Toko-gun

. Nairyo Lai-liau Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

V) #
. Naishoshi Lai-chng"—a Shinen-sho, Toko-gun
vºy; 3.
. Naisuiko Lai-chui-hau Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun
W., 7kº
. Nampei Lam-pin Toko-gai, Toko-gun
&
10. Nananro Lam-an-lau Demryo-sho, Kizam-gun

. Nangan Nam-hoa" Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

**
12. Nansei Lam-se
\#) *}. Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun

13. Nanseiko Lam-se-o Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun

\# *º
. Nanshi Nan-shi Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun
Żë 33
. Nihashi Nng"-pho-a Rokki-sho, Heito own
= }} +
. Nikyo Nng"-kio Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun
= #
. Nimbu (See Jimbu )
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

96. Kosanshi Kang-soa"-a >+, Jo 3. Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun

97. Kosei; Kosai Kang-sai # & Shinen-sho, Toko-own

98. Kosen Ka-sian Kosem-sho, K izan-gun
$749
99. Koshi Kang-a #-3. Manshu-sho, Kosh un-gun

100. Koshiho Kang-a-po

#3 # Rinen-sho, Hozan-gun

101. Koshiken Kang-a-khe" rºw. Choshu-gun

102. Koshiko ~ arrºw. Okayama-gun
103. Koshinai Kang-a-lai Rim pen-sho, roºm
104. Koshinai O-a-lai Enso-sho, okavana-own

105. Kosho Au-chng" Tairvo-sho, Hozan-gun

106. Kosho Au-chng" Kyukai-sho, Heito-gun

107. Koshoshi Au-chng"-a Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

108. Koshoshi; Goshoshi Au-chng"—a Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

109. Koshun Heng-chhun Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

110. Kotan; Gotan Kho-tham Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun

111. Kotan Ko-tam Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

. Kotan Hiong-tham Shimpi-sho, chann own

. Koteiko Ko-teng-khen Demryo-sho, Kizam-gun

114. Kotobuki-cho Takao City

115. Kotozan Ho-thau-soa" Kosh un-sho, Kosh un-gun

116. Kounun; Kaunun Kau-un-khun Denryo-sho, knºwn

117. Kowanshi; Gowanshi Au-oan-a Shajo-sho, Koshan-wun

118. Kozanei Kong-soa"-ia" A ren-sho, Okayama-gun

119
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

21. Mita
jš Fº (See Mida)

22. Mokushaku Bok-sa

3, #98. Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun

23. Mosha Bang-se

3|#|3} Kosh un-sho, Kosh un-gun

24. Muraku
jā, ść (See Buraku)

25. Muri Bang-li

** Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun

26. Bo-chui-liau
Musuiryo
*zkº Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun

. Naiho Lai-po Shajo-sho, Kosh un-gun

. Naiho Lai-po Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun

. Naiho Lai-po Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun

3.#,

. Naii-cho Takao City

. Naikantei Lai-koan-te Toko-gai, Toko-gun

. Nairyo Lai-liau Boryo-sho, Chosh w-gun

. Naishoshi Lai-chng"-a Shimen-sho, Toko-gun

. Naisuiko Lai-chui-hau Chosh w-gai, Choshu-gun

. Nampei Lam-pin Toko-gai, Toko-gun

10. Nananro Lam-an-lau Den ryo-sho, Kizam-gun

11. Nangan Nam-hoa" Shim pi-sho, Choshu-gun

12. Nansei Lam-se Takedo-sho. Choshu-gun

. Nanseiko Lam-se-o Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun

. Nanshi Nan-shi Nansh i-sho, Okayama-gun

. Nihashi Ning'-pho-a Rokki-sho, Heito own

. Nikyo Ning"-kio Komina to-sho, Hozan-gun

. Nimbu (See Jimbu )

 .Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

. Nirei Nng"-leng Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun

. Niron Nngn-lung Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun

. Oboryo Ah-bo-liau Kyukai-sho, Heito-gun

. Oboryo Ah-bo-liau Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

Ogawa-cho; Kogawa-cho Heito City

- Okayama Kong-soa" Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

. Okobyo Ong-kong-bio Rimen-sho, Hozan-gun

. Okoen Ang-kong-hng" Tairyo-sho, Hozam-gun

. Omiya-cho Heito City

. Omonryo Ong-mng"-liau Kizam-gai, Kizam-gun

. Onshi Un-a Kato-sho, Toko-gun

R — 1. Raishiko Lai-a-khen Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun

. Rampo; Ranpo; Ranho Tho-po Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun

. Ranho (See Rampo)

. Ranpo (See Rampo)

. Ransho Lam-chngn Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

. Ranto Lam-thau Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun

. Ratei Le-te Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

. Reigaryo-cho Leng-gan-liau Takao City

. Reiko Nia-khau Kizam-gai, Kizam-gun

10. Riho Li-hong Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun

11. Rikisha Lat-sia Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

2, 3}.
12. Riko Li-kang Riko-sho, Heito-gun
$2%
123
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

Nan-pin Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun

13. Rimpen -

##
Nan-au
14. Ringo; Rinko
33.4% Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun

15. Rinko
#3% (See Ringo)

16. Rinraku Ling-lok #33 Choko-sho, Heito-gun

Rinshihen w
17. Nan-a-pi"
# 43% Rinen-sho, Hozan-gun

18. Rinshihen Nan-a-pi" Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

33.3%
19. Rinshito Na"-a-thau Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun
+++jē
20. Rintokkan-cho Lim-tek-koa" Takao City
+33% ºf
21. Rintokukan-cho (See Rintokkan)
####a'ſ
22. Rishinai Li-a-lai Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun
# 3 º'
23. Rishiryo Chhi-a-liau Sanrin-sho, Kizan-gun
3] 3-3.
24. Ritohyo Le-thau-piau Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun
######
25. Rochiku Lo-tek Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun
§§'r'ſ
26. Rodokko Lau-tok-khen Kizam-gai, Kizam-gun
Aftāśń,
27. Roen Lau-in Kato-sho, Toko-gun
*ēl
. Rohi Lau-pi Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun
###
29. Rohokusei Lau-pak-se
#3b #. Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun

30. Rokki; Rokuki Lak-ku Rokki-sho, Heito-gun

2, #.
31. Rokuki
* #. (See Rokki)

32. Ronjo Lung-siang Choko-sho, Heito-gun

33. Rono Lau-long Rokki-sho, Heito-gun

34. Ronshicho Lung-a-teng Aren-sho, Okayama-gun

35. Ronshicho Lung-a-teng Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun

 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character \ Location

36. Ronshicho Lung-a-teng *-3-1ſ Toko-gai, Toko-gun

37. Ronshicho Lung-a-teng #3: Iſ Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun

38. Rotanto Lau-tham-thau Choko-sho, Heito-gun

###
39. Rotorin Lau-tin-na"
####. Bamran-sho, comeown
40. Rotosei Lau-tang-se
###, Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun

41. Ryuketsu Leng-khoat Mino-sho, Kizam-gun

-āś, ź
42. Ryukyusho Ryukyu-sho, Toko-gun
###9%
43. Ryuseki Lau-chhu Heito City
%]}}
44. Ryusensui Leng-choa"-chui Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun
+, ×7k
45. Ryuto Leng-to Mino-sho, Kizam-gun
-āk
S — 1. Saei Cho-ian
Žiž Saei-sho, Okayama-gun

2. Saibun Chhoa-bun Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

#5.
3. Saiko Chhai-kong Saei-sho, Okayama-gun

4. Saisei; Seisei Sai-se Takeda who Choshu-gun

5. Saiwai-cho
&#.
Heito City
#wr
5. Sakae-cho Takao City
#wr
6. Sakae-cho Heito City
#wſ
7. Sancho Soan-teng Saei-sho, Okayama-gun
Ji ſã
8. Sanchobu San-tium-po Riko-sho, Heito-g un
=3%
9. Sankaiseki-cho San-te-chhu Takao City
= 3%, ºff ºf
10. Sankaiseki San-te-chhu Kyukai-sho, Heito-gun
= 3% ºf
11. Sankakkutsu; San-kak-khut Kizam-gai, Kizam-gun
Sankakukutsu
= # 3%
12. Sankakukutsu (See Sankakkutsu)
= É3%
125
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

13. Sankyaku Soan-khah J. Jº Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

14. Sannaidan San-nin-tan =-3.6% Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

15. Sanrin; Sugibayashi Sam-na” Sanrin-sho, Kizan-gun

16. Sansaiwa (See Sanseiwa)

17. Sanseiwa; Sansaiwa San-sai-ho Toko-gai, Toko-gun

18. Sanshicho Soan-a-teng Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun

19. Sanshikyaku Soan-a-khah Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun

20. Sanyahi San-ia-pi Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

21. Seikaen Se-koe-hng" Empo-sho, Heito-gun

22. Seisei (See Saisei)

23. Seitoku Seng-tek Banran-sho, Choshu-gun

24. Sekiantan Chioh-an-tham Aren-sho, Okayama-gun

25. Sekikan (See Sekkan)

26. Sekikoken (See Sekkoken)

27. Sekinai Chioh-lai Naimon-sho, Kizan-gun

28. Sekiratan Chioh-le-tham Mido-sho, Okayama-gun

29. Sekisan (See Sekizan)

30. Sekitoei Chioh-thau-ian Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

31. Sekizan; Sekisan Chhia-soan Hozan-gai, Hozan-gun -

32. Sekizan Chhia-soan Banram-sho, Choshu-gun

33. Sekizanshi Chhia-soan-a Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

34. Sekkan; Sekikan Chhia-kham Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun

35. Sekkan; Sekikan Chhia-kham Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

 Formosan-Chinese Location
Japanese

36. Sekkoken; Sekikoken Chioh-kong-kian a Ł3, Kato-sho, Toko-gun

37. Sembi; Senbi Soam-boe s}/#, Rinem-sho, Hozan-gun

38. Sempanseki Chun-phan-chioh # pſ/3 Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

39. Senbi (See Sembi)

: Jºſé -

40. Sen jo-cho Chhian-sia"

+3% ºf Heito City

41. Senkobyo Sian-kong-bio A.J., 2X Shinem-sho, Toko-gun

42. Senshito Chun-a-thau Toko-gai, Toko-gun

#g 3.3%
43. Choan"-a-iau Tairyo-sho, Hozam-gun
Senshiyo ał 3-&#
44. Senshuryo Chhian-chhiu-liau
* {}{} Enso-sho, Okayama-gum

45. Shabi Sia-boe Shimen-sho, Toko-gun

#+ £,
46. Shabikutsu Soa-boe-khut
Sy)#3% Kosh un-sho, Koshum-gun

47. Shahen Sia-pin

#}_i} Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun

48. Shahi Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

Sia-phoe
#}}.
49. Shajo Chhia-sia" Shajo-sho, Koshun-gun
#3%
50. Shamari Sia-moan-li Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun
#####
51. Sharon Soa-lung Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun
3) #
52. Sharoken Chhia-lo-kin Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun
#####.
53. Sharyo Shajo-sho, Koshun-gun
sia-liau ###
54. shichikaiseki Chhit-te-chhu Rim pen-sho, Toko-gun
x 3%.já
55. Shichiroya Chhit-lau-ia
_x + š Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun

56. Shidokyaku Chhi-tong-khah Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun

3, #15%
57. Su-jiong
Shiju
4+ #}. Empo-sho, Heito-gun

58. Shijubun
\p + º (See Shijufun)

127
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Location

59. Shijufun; Shijubun Si-chap-hun

on 4 º' Naiho-sho, Choshu-gº-n

60. Shijukei Si-teng-khe wai3% Shajo-sho, Koshun-gun

61. Shikaiseki Si-te-chhu & 3% ºf . Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun

62. Shikan Chu-koan ### Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

63. Shiko Si-kau g5#. Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

64. Shikosui Si-kau-chui &#7k Banran-sho, Choshu-gun

65. Shimban run Sin-ban-liong 3, ## Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

66. Shimochikka; E-tek-ke Choko-sho, Heito-gun

Shimochikuka
Kachikka
Tº rº
67. Shimochikuka + ºr'ſ # (See Shimochikka)

68. Shimodaishin; E-toa-sin Naiho sho, Choshu-gun

Kadaishin + 2 #
69. Shimoenden E-iam-tian -F ºff a Saei-sho, Okayama-gun

70. Shimokashiryo ~f 3.j4%

-

Saei-sho, Okayama-gun

71. Shimokeihoryo; E-ke-po-liau Mino-sho, Kizam-gun

Kakeihoryo T 33.33%
-

72. Shimokorin; Kakorin E-hiang-na" -F wº, 3%

-
Manshu-sho, Koshun-gun

73. Shimosuikutsu; E-chui-khut Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

Kasuikutsu + 7.K.3%
74. Shimosuisen E-chui-choan
+ 2} f_ Koshun-sho, Kosh un-gun

75. Shimpi; Shinhi; Shinpi Sin-pi Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

76. Shimoreisuiko; E-liang-chui-khen

#* , Kyukai-sho, Heito-gun
Kareisuiko ~p 24; 7K-3ſ,
77. Shinchoshuseki Sin-tio-chiu-chhu ###### Riko-sho, Heito-gun

78. Shindairokan Sin-toa-lo-koan

# 3 & #. Empo-sho, Heito-gun

79. Shinen Sin-hngn

#4 #| Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

80. Shinen Sin-hui Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

# #.
81. Shingai Sin-ke Shajo-sho, Koshun-gun
3}}{4}ſ
128
 Formosan-Chinese Character Location
Japanese

82. Shingai Sin-ke j}} #1 Toko-gai, Toko-gun

83. Shinhama-cho #5% ºf Takao City

84. Shinhi # Já, (See Shimpi)

85. Shinhokusei Sin-pak-se #3tº Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun

Empo-sho, Heito-gun
86. Shini Sin-ui
3% (£)
Rokki-sho, Heito own
87. Shini Sin-ui
#ſº.
88. Shinkai Sin-khui Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun
3% ºil
89. Shinkai Sin-khui Rokki-sho, Heito-gun
##
90. Shinko Shin-kah Hozam-gai, Hozam-gun
# F
Takagi-sho, Heito-gun
91. Shinnansei Sin-lam-se
#4 ##.
92. Shinoku Sin-ti Bamram-sho, Choshu-gun
##
93. Shinpi (See Shimpi)
# F#,
94. Shinryo Sin-liau Rokki-sho, Heito-gun
##
95. Shinsankakushi Sinsan-kak-a Kizam-gai, Kizan-gun
# = #3.
96. Shinseki Sin-chhu Bamram-sho, Choshu-gun
# F#
97. Shinsekishi Sin-chhu-a Sanrin-sho, Kizam-gun
# F#3.
98. Shinsekishi Sin-chhu-a Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

99. Shinsho Sin-chngn Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

100. Shinsho Sin-chng" Sanrin-sho, Kizam-gun

101. Shinshoshi Sin-chng"-a Tairyo-sho, Hozam-gun

102. Shinshoshi Sin-chng"-a Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun

103. Shinshoshi Sin-chngn-a Bantam-sho, Toko-gun

104. Shinsui Chhim-chui Enso-sho, Okayama-gun

129
 Formosan-Chinese Location
Japanese

105. Shintanto Sin-tham-thau Choko-sho, Heito-gun

34% ºf
106. Shintosei Sin-tang-se
#### Naiho-sho, Choshu-gun

107. Shirin Si-nan

Wyż. Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun

108. Shiryu Su-liong 4+ º Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

Bozan-sho, Choshu-gun
109. Shishito Sai-a-thau
# 3 ºff
Kominato-sho, Hozam-gun
110. Shisokyaku Chhi-chhang-khah ##
111. Shito Sai-thau
** Shimpi-sho, Choshu-gun

112. Shoheicho Sio-pe"-teng ,1,3-#1% Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun

113. Shorin Sio-nan ..] ##. Kosen-sho, Kizam-gun

Kato-sho, Toko-gun
114. Shoryu Chhiong-liong # F#
115. Shosen-cho Takao City
wä #% wſ
116. Showa-cho
y!g £a tºſ Heito City

Kizam-gai, Kizam-gun
117. Shukinryo Chhui-kif-liau
£ p≤
118. Shuran (See Soran)
##|
119. Shushi Chiu-a
3H 3 Taiju who, Hozan-gun
120. Shushi Chiu-a Shinen-sho, Toko-gun
94H 3
121. Soga Chhau-ian Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun
###
122. Soran; Shuran Chong-lan Heito City
##|
123. Sugibayashi
3% #. (See Sanrin)

124. Suikeitan Chu-ke-tham Denryo-sho, Kizam-gun

2k}}#
125. Suisen Chui-choan
2k #. Bantan-sho, Toko-gun

126. Suisen Chui-choan 2K #. Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

127. Suiteiryo Chui-ti-liau

2Kjää. Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

130
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

. Ta-cho Chhan-teng YE) aſ Heito City

. Taibu-cho; Daibu-cho Toa-bu-teng

3 #4'ſ Heito City

. Taigenei Toa-goan-oe Hozam-gai, Hozam-gun

9-704T
. Taiheicho Thai-peng-teng % #1% Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

. Taiheicho Thai-peng-teng Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun

% = ſā
. Taiho Toa-po Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun
}_3%
. Taiju; Daiju Toa-chhiu Taiju-sho, Hozan-gun
9 *ś
... Taijubo Toa-chhiu-pang Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun
% #2%
. Taikeishu Toa-khe-chiu Heito City
9, 3% ºf
10. Taiko Toa-o Konai-sho, Okayama-gun
3 #
11. Taiko Toa-o Heito City
} >}}
12. Taiko-cho Toa-o-teng Takao City
93% aſ
13. Taikoei; Daikoei Toa-hiang-ia
3-vé à Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

14. Taikoho-cho
93%-3; ºf Takao City

15. Taikyakutai Toa-khah-thui Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun

9 Hip Hić
16. Taikyakusenrin Toa-khah-sian-na" Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun
% #4J, #.
17. Tainyunyu Toa-leng-leng Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun
J-3L &
18. Tairinnbi Toa-nan-boe Takao City
9-44%.
19. Tairinpo (See Dairimpo)
3-##
20. Tairokan Toa-lo-koan Empo-sho, Heito-gun

21. Tairyo Toa-liau

93% ºf Tairyo-sho, Hozam-gun
% #.
22. Tairyo Toa-liau Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun
3 #
23. Tairyo Toa-liau Ryukyu-sho, Toko-gun
2, #
131
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Location

24. Taisha Toa-sia Jimbu-sho, Hozam-gun

3 #4.
25. Taisha Toa-sia
% #}. Rochiku-sho, Okayama-gun

26. Taishako Toa-sia-kah

2-4; 47 Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

27. Taisho; Daisho Toa-chng"

9 3. Boryo-sho, Choshu-gun

28. Taiwan (See Daiwan)

3-3,
29. Taizanto Toa-soam-thau Takao City
3->J, jº
30. Takagi; Takaki Ko-chhiu Takagi-sho, Heito-gun
###
31. Takaki (See Takagi)
* }#}
32. Takao City Takao
***
33. Takeda; Chikuden Tek-tian Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun
Pr'ſ a
34. Takezono-cho Tek-hng" Heito City
Prº Wºl ºf
. Ta-machi Takao City
\#) waſ
36. Tham-a Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun
Tanshi
#3
37. Tanteishini Tham-te-sin-ui Choko-sho, Heito-gun
####|
38. Tanto Tham-thau Rinen-sho, Hozan-gun
# ºf
39. Tendai 22
Thin-tai Ryukyu-sho, Toko-gun
Y-2

40. Tenshigo
jš 3–4% (See Tenshiko)

41. Tenshiko; Tenshigo Tiam-a-au Kominato-sho, Hozan-gun

jã 34%.
42. Toarikan (See Higashiarikan)
3rd £h;
43. Todaikyuen (See Higashidaikyuen)
# 9, §§ {}
44. Tohenshin Tang-phin-sin Niasho sho, Choshu-gun
#H#
45. Toho Thong-po Shajo-sho, Koshun-gun
#3, #
46. Tokkyo Tek-hiap Choko-sho, Heito-gun
## ſh
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Location

47. Toko Thau-kau Koshun-sho, Koshun-gun

**
48. Toko Tho-kho
* Já Namshi-sho, Okayama-gun

49. Toko Tho-kho

+jē Riko-sho, Heito-gun

50. Toko Tho-kho

2) # Aren-sho, Okayama-gun

51. Toko Tang-kang Toko-gai, Toko-gun

##
Bamran-sho, Choshu-gun
52. Tokosui Thau-kau-chui
##| # 7k
Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun
53. Tombutsutan; Tun-but-tham
Tonbutsutan;
Tonbuttan ## ſh;
54. Tonbutsutan (See Tombutsutan)
# 4.5%
55. Tonbuttan (See Tombutsutan)
# 47%
56. Tonei Tang-leng Kyukai-sho, Heito-gun
##
57. Torimatsu; Chojo Chiau-chheng Torimatsu-sho, Hozam-gun
§, #2,
58. Torinaseki Toko-gai, Toko-gun
4; ) +jē
59. Toro Thap-lau Riko-sho, Heito-gun
####
60. Toron Thau-lung Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun
âûâ.
61. Toseiho Tang-se-po Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun
# ###
62. Tosento To-chun-thau Takeda-sho, Choshu-gun
###|
63. Tosha Thau-sia Naimon-sho, Kizam-gun
yìíž+
64. Toshien Tho-a-hng" Saei-sho, Okayama-gun
#3t, 3 &
65. Toshien-cho Takao City
338,3-[i] úſ.
66. Toshinshin Tang-chin-sin Takagi-sho, Heito-gun
#####
67. Tozenkei Thau-chian-khe Heito City
# #3%
. Uchu Iu-chhiong Saei-sho, Okayama-gun
zº #
. Uho O-po Rimpen-sho, Toko-gun

133
*# 35i
 Japanese Formosun-Chinese Character Location

. Ujurin O-chhiu-nan Mida-sho, Okayama-gun

###.
. Uryu O-leng Shinen-sho, Toko-gun

. Usairin O-chai-na"
§, ###. Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

. Wakamatsu-cho
# 33-wr Heito City

. Wako Ho-heng
£a #. Mino-sho, Kizam-gun

. Wanshinai Oan-a-lai Jimbu-sho, Hozan-gun

# 3-9)
. Wanshinai Oan-a-lai
Torimatsu-sho, Hozan-gun
Sº 3-9)
. Wanshinai Oan-a-lai
Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun
# 3-0)
. Wanshito Oan-a-thau
Hozam-gai, Hozan-gun
× 3.5%
. Washoryo Ho-sion-liau
Choko-sho, Heito-gun
+a &#
. Yamashito-cho Soan-e
J.) Tº wſ Takao City

. Yamato-cho Toa-ho
Heito City
% £a aſ
. Yamagi-cho Heito City
3%p ºf
. Yoshikyaku Soa"-a-khah Choshu-gai, Choshu-gun
# 3.8%
. Yoshikyaku Suai-a-ka Rokki-sho, Heito-gun
#3 #
. Yoshikyaku Taiju-sho, Hozam-gun
3#3 Åh
. Zembo Chia-hong Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun

. Zembobi-cho; Chian-hong-boe
†† Takao City
Zen bobi-cho
-ājā-ā, ºr
. Zemboshi Chian-hong-a Okayama-gai, Okayama-gun
-āj-ž-3
. Zemposeki; Zenposeki; Chian-po-chhu Jimbu-sho, Hozam-gun
Zenhoseki
-āīājā
. Zen bobi-cho (See Zembobi-cho)
+j}} aſ
. Zemchin-cho Chian-tin Takao City
###wſ
. Zenhoseki (See Zemposeki)
-ij}#}#
134
 Japanese Formosan-Chinese Character Location

8. Zenkin-cho Chian-kim j4-wſ Takao City

9. Zenposeki -àJää (See Zemposeki)

10. Zensho Chian-chng" -ājj}. Tairyo-sho, Hozan-gun

11. Zuiho-cho
####wſ Heito City

135
 Appendix III Japanese Weights and Measures

Weights
Momme – 0.13228 oz. = 3.75000 grams
Kim = 160 momme - — 1.32277 lbs. = 0.60000 kilograms
Kam = 1000 momme – 8.26733 lbs. = 3.75000 kilograms
Koku (fish) = 40 kam -

Metric system:
Kilogram = 2.20459 lbs. – 0.26667 kam
Gram = 15.43210 grains = 0.26667 momme
Metric ton = 1000 kilograms = 2,204.6 lbs.
Long (gross) ton = 1,016.064 kilograms = 2,240 lbs.

Measures of length
Ri = 36 cho = 2,160 ken = 2.44030 miles = 3.92727 kilometers
Ken = 6 shaku – 5.965.16 feet = 1.81818 meters
Shaku = 10 sum = 0.994.19 feet = 0.30303 meters
Shakw (cloth measure) = 1.25 shaku
Tan (a roll of cloth) = about 35 shaku
Metric System:
Kilometer = 0.62137 miles = 3,280.8 feet = 9.16667 cho

Measures of surface

Square ri = 1,296 cho = 5.95505 sq. miles = 15.42347 sq. kilometers

Cho (chobu) = 10 tan = 3000 tsubo = 2.45064 acres – 99.17355 ares
Tsubo (bu) = 3.95369 sq. yards = 3.30579 centiares
Ko (Taiwan) = 2,934 tsubo = 2.397 acres

Metric system:
Hectare = 10,000 sq. meters = 2.471 acres = 1.00833 cho
Are = 100 sq. meters = 119.6 sq. yards – 30.25000 bu
Sq. kilometers = 0.386 sq. miles = 24.7.10 acres = 0.06484 sq. ri

Measures of capacity
Koku = 10 to — 100 sho = 1000 go = 5.11902 bushels = 47.95389 gallons = 1.80391 hectoliters
Koku (capacity of vessels) = 10th of a ton
Koku (timber) = about 12 cubic feet
Shakujime (timber) = about 10 cubic feet
Taba (faggots, etc.) = about 3 x 6 x 6 feet

Metric system:
Hectoliter = 2.7511 bushels = 26.418 gallons
Source: The Japan Yearbook, 1939-40.

136

ºr v. s. Govers MENT exist. No office: 1944–60.3349