GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 LAB REPORT

Arraged by :
Name : Marvel Imanuel Susanto
ID : 2023360012
Class : B (734590)

SAMPOERNA UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SEPTEMBER 2023
 EXPERIMENT 1
I. LENGTH MEASUREMENT
Experiment 1
Data Table 1: Length Measurements
Object Length (cm) Length (mm) Length (m)
CD or DVD 12 120 0.12
Key 5.5 55 0.055
Spoon 16.1 161 0.161
Fork 16.1 161 0.161

II. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

Experiment 1
Data Table 2: Temperature Measurements
Object Temperature (°C) Temperature (°F) Temperature (K)
Room Temperature 22 71.6 295.15
Boiling 100 212 373.15
Boiling for 1 minute 100 212 373.15
Boiling for 5 minutes 102 215.6 375.15
Ice Water - 1 minute (since ice added) 8 46.4 281.15
Ice Water - 5 minutes (since ice added) -1 30.2 272.15

III. MASS MEASUREMENT

Experiment 1
Data Table 3: Mass Measurements
Estimated Mass Estimated Mass Actual Mass Actual Mass
Object
(g) (kg) (g) (kg)
Pen 5.5 0.0055 7.79 0.00779
3 Pennies 3 0.003 5.41 0.00541
1 Quarter 2.5 0.0025 2.41 0.00241
2 Quarters, 3 Dimes 8 0.008 13.97 0.01397
4 Dimes, 5 Pennies 25 0.025 21.23 0.02123
3 Quarters, 1 Dime, 5
Pennies 20 0.02 19.18 0.01918
Key 10 0.01 8.12 0.00812
Key, 1 Quarter, 4 Pennies 14 0.014 17.69 0.01769
EXPERIMENT 2
IV. LIQUID MEASUREMENT
Experiment 2
Data Table 4: Liquid Measurements
 Water Isopropyl Alcohol
Mass A: Graduated Cylinder (g) 19.44
Volume (mL) 5 5
Mass B: Graduated Cylinder with Liquid (g) 24.19 23.2
Mass B-A Liquid (g) 4.75 3.76
Density (g/mL) 0.95 0.752
Percent Error (%) 4.71% 4.33%

V. DIRECT MEASUREMENT METHOD

Experiment 2
Data Table 5 Magnet - Direct Measurement Method
Magnet
Mass (g) 4.36
Length (cm) 2.5
Width (cm) 2.5
Height (cm) 0.5
Volume (mL) 0.625
Density (g/mL) 6.976

VI. WATER DISPLACEMENT METHOD

Experiment 2
Data Table 6 : Water Displacement Method
Magnet Metal Bolt
Mass (g) 0.625 8
Initial Volume of Graduated Cylinder (mL) 8 8
Final Volume of Graduated Cylinder (mL) 9 9
Object Volume (mL) 1 1
Density (g/mL) 4.36 8

VII. ARCHIMEDES METHOD

Experiment 2
Data Table 7 : Archimedes Method
Water Only Metal Bolt Metal Bolt
Mass (g) 38.18 4.36 8
Mass of Displaced Water (g) - 1.12 1.02
Volume of Displaced Water (mL) - 1 1
Density (g/mL) - 1.12 1.02

VIII. ANSWERING QUESTION

A. Exercixe 1
1. Water usually boils at the temperature of 100oC at sea level. But it happens only in the
standard pressure. But there are some factors that could make this happen. Firstly, the
elevation The boiling point of water is dependent on atmospheric pressure, which
decreases with increasing elevation. If the experiment is at a high altitude, the
atmospheric pressure will be lower, causing water to boil at a temperature lower than
100 degrees Celsius. At extremely high altitudes, water can boil at temperatures as
low as 70-80 degrees Celsius. The second one is addition of other substances or
impurities. Impurities in water, such as dissolved salts or minerals, can raise the
boiling point of water or this phenomenon can be called as contaminants.

2.
[ measured value−true value ] 102℃−100 ℃
For the 102 ℃= ×100 %= × 100 %=2 %
tur value 100 ℃
99.2 ℃−100 ℃ |−0.8|℃
For the 99.2 ℃= × 100 %= × 100 %=0.8 %
100 ℃ 100℃

B. Exercise 2
Mass
1. Density=
Volume
21.3 gram 21.3 gram
Density= =
(3.6 cm × 4.21 mm× 1.17 mm) 17.73252 cm3
g
Density=1.20118291
ml

Mass
2. Density=
Volume
gr 26.15 gram
19.30 =
ml Volume
26.15 gram
Volume = = 1.355 ml
19.30 g /ml

3. When using the Archimedes' principle method to determine the density of an object,
it's essential to fully submerge the object in the water to obtain accurate results. If the
dropping of the object wasn’t fully submerging, it is possible to occur incomplete
displacement, inaccurate volume measurement, and inconsistent result. If you drop
the object into the beaker without submerging it completely, it will not displace its full
volume of liquid. As a result, you won't be accurately measuring the buoyant force,
and your density calculation will be incorrect.
4. In general, when working with objects of irregular shape, Archimedes' Principle is
often the preferred method for density measurement due to its direct
measurement of volume. This method directly measures the volume of the object by
 measuring the volume of liquid it displaces. It is suitable for irregularly shaped
objects, as it doesn't rely on complex geometric calculations.
5. First, calculate the density to define whether it has the same density with the real gold.
Real gold has density approximately 19.32 g/ml. Since the mass of the small piece of
gold is 6.0 gr, and the volume is 0.40 ml
Mass 6.0 gram
D ensity= = =15 gr /ml
Volume 0.40 ml
We can conclude that the calculated density of the gold-colored material is 15 g/cm³,
which is significantly lower than the known density of pure gold (19.32 g/cm³). Based
on this density analysis, the material you have does not match the expected
density of pure gold.

C. Exercise 3
1. C 1 ×V 1=C2 ×V 2
C 2 ×V 2 0.0025 ×10 ml
V 1= = =2.5 ml
C1 0.01
→ So , you need 2.5 ml of the 1 % m/V HCl solution
Volume of distilled water=10ml−2.5ml
Volume of distilled water = 7.5 ml
So, to prepare 10 ml of a 0.25% m/V HCl solution, you will need 2.5 ml of the 1%
m/V HCl solution and 7.5 ml of distilled water.

2. The relationship between the concentration of a sugar solution (solute) and its
density is directly proportional. This means that as the increases the concentration
of sugar in a solution, the density of the solution also increases. Conversely, if
decrease the concentration of sugar, the density of the solution decreases.