TRAINING FOR THE FOOD COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Report: Conducting training of food committee member’s onGBV & Protection.

(Burao,Berbera, and Odwayne Districts).

Submitted By:

Abdisahal Ahmed

Burao ,Berbera, District, Somaliland

Tel: +252-63-4434579

Email: axmedtaar@gmail.com

Date: 25th March, 2023.

Contents
1.0 Introduction of the training, Objectives, Methodology/Approach and participant’s expectations:......3
1.1 Introduction:......................................................................................................................................3
1.2 General training Objectives:..............................................................................................................3
1.3 Specific training /learning Objectives:...........................................................................................4
1.4 Training Methodology/Approach:.................................................................................................4
1.5 The training topics:........................................................................................................................4
1.6 Participant’s information, target audience and the Training Venues:...............................................5
2.0 TRAING SESSIONS..............................................................................................................................5
2.1 CONCEPT OF GENDERANDSEX.............................................................................................................5
2.2 TYPES OF GBV...................................................................................................................................6
2.3 Major forms of GBV in Togdheer region........................................................................................7
3.1 Contributor factors:...........................................................................................................................8
3.2Causes:............................................................................................................................................9
3.3 Advocating for Social Behavior Change;........................................................................................9
4.1 Challenges:....................................................................................................................................9
4.2 Recommendations.................................................................................................................................9
1.0 Introduction of the training, Objectives, Methodology/Approach and
participant’s expectations:
1.1 Introduction:
Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) provides life-saving humanitarian assistance—
including food, water, shelter, emergency healthcare, sanitation and hygiene, and nutrition
service to the most vulnerable communities and hardest-to-reach people. The BHA is multi-
sectorial project integrating to help vulnerable and disaster affected households.

In Somaliland the BHA project is implementing two regions Waqooyi-galbeed (Berbera

districts) and Togheer region (Burao and Odweine districts). “The overall goal of the project is to
restore thewellbeing of vulnerable communities in Somalia affected by the aftermath of severe
flooding, drought, and locusts.

Three main purposes are guiding the BHA project implementation

Purpose 1:Disaster affected communities have increased access to food through their own
production and protection of productive assets.

Purpose 2: The health and nutrition of the targeted community is improved through enhancing
healthcare services and prevention and treatment of malnutrition.

Purpose 3:Households and communities have improved access to clean water, sanitation, and
critical WASH items, as well as increased adoption of positive hygiene and environmental health
practices.The selected beneficiaries will be supported by the BHA multispectral project in a
period of 6 months unconditional cash transfer and supporting with primary health in the
locations which have existing health facilities, increasing caregiver’s nutritional knowledge to
tackle with child malnutrition, improving hygiene and sanitation of the communities.

World vision protection sector under BHA project conducted two days’ workshop session to
WASH committee members on child protection, GBV Training , participated 83 (54 Males, 29
Females) participants form Berbera and Burao and Odwayne districts - 10 participants form
each..

1.2 General training Objectives:

 Identify Strengths, gaps, and needs in the settings for prevention and response to GBV:
by the end of training the trainees will understand how to Strengthen Referral Mechanism
in the Respective places.
1.3 Specific training /learning Objectives:
To Mobilize the Community Committee at the grassroots level to change the attitudes and
behaviors that effect GBV.

 Understand the different meanings of the fallowing terminology “sex” and “gender”
 Explore social and cultural expectations for males and females, and illustrate the
difference between those based on sex and those based on gender
 Reinforce the meaning of gender
Sex: Refers to the physical/biological differences between males and females

 Determined by biology
 Does not change (without surgical intervention)
Gender: Refers to the social differences between males and females

 Determined by social factors—history, culture, tradition, societal norms, religion

 “Gender” in any given society involves the socialization for boys and girls, men
and women that determines roles, responsibilities, opportunities, privileges,
limitations, and expectations
 Gender definitions can change

1.4 Training Methodology/Approach:

The training was conducted duration of two days, Somali was the primary language used during
the training period. Before the start of the training session Pre-testing questioner was made to
evaluate participants’ level of understanding and experience on child protection issues before the
training secessions, the session was delivered through Group discussion and reflection,
brainstorming, Sharing of experience/Ideas, short-videos the facilitator ensured the training
wasn’t only Lectures but participatory and attractive structured, learning experiences,
group/plenary discussions, Role plays and group practical exercises, group work, and
Presentation, brainstorming, and recap

1.5 The training topics:

In order to achieve the training objectives the workshop focused following topics

 Introduction of GBV Concept

 Definition of GBV terminology
 Types of GBV and their definition
 Harmful traditional practices
 Prevention and response mechanism
 Couses and contributor factors

1.6 Participant’s information, target audience and the Training Venues:

A training session on “GBV, Protection training.” was conducted by WV under the
Protection sector in Burao, Berbera and Odwayne districts. 83(54 male and 29 female)
attended the training.

Village Name District Women Men Total

Berbera Berbera 3 10 13

Barwaqo /Burco Burao 5 5 10

Barwaaqo/Talaabo Burao 5 5 10

Jameecada Caynaanshe Burao 3 7 10

Ceeg odwayne 3 7 10

Laan-mulaaxo Odwayne 5 5 10

Goraya-xunta sare Burao 5 5 10

Xaydh ducato Burao 0 10 10

Total participants 29 54 83

2.0 TRAING SESSIONS

2.1 CONCEPT OF GENDERANDSEX

During the training discussion participants were introduced the difference between Gender and
sex:Gender is what society/our culture teaches us about how we should behave based on our
sex. Gender determines the roles, responsibilities, privileges, expectations, and limitations
ofmales and females in each culture. It includes the way men view themselves as men, and
the way men view women as women. Similarly, it is theway women see themselves as
women, and the way women see men as men on the other hand, Gender also Refersto how
aperson feels andtheirperformancetotheoutside world which means how they choose their
gender in what they wear, and how they look and behave.

Sex: is what we are born with; it describes the physical and biological difference between
males and females.
Gender-based violence GBV:
Through brief printed presentation, the participants were understood the definition of Gender,
Sex and GBV FGM and SGBV. Gender-based violence is violence that occurs based on gender
roles, expectations, limitations, etc. GBV therefore largely affects females in most societies;
males are also victims/survivors of GBV, but most gender discrimination occurs against females
because they are disempowered in most societies as compared to their male counterparts.

Gender Based Violence is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a
person’swillandthatisbasedonsociallyascribed(i.e.,gender)differencesbetweenmalesandfe
males.Itincludesactsthatinflictphysical,sexual,ormentalharmorsuffering,threatsofsuchact
s,coercion, and other deprivations of liberty. These acts can occur in public or in private.
2015 IASC guidelines

2.2 TYPES OF GBV

During the training discussion the trainee understood the types of GBVs and their
consequences to the survivor the facilitator introduced the fallowing GBVs to the
percipients

Rape:

Nonconsensualpenetration (however
light)ofthevagina,anusormouthwithapenisorotherbodypart. Also includes penetration of the
vagina or anus with an object. They should be used only in reference to
GBVeventhoughsomemaybeapplicabletootherformsofviolence w h i c h arenotgender-based.

Sexual-Assault: any form of non-consensual sexual contact that does not result in or include
penetration. Examples include
attemptedrape,aswellasunwantedkissing,fondling,ortouchingofgenitaliaandbuttocks.FGM/
Cisanact of violence that impacts sexual organs, and as such should be classified as sexual
assault. This incident typedoesnotincluderape,i.e.,wherepenetrationhasoccurred.

Physicalassault:

An act of physical violence that is not sexual in nature. Examples include hitting, slapping,
choking,cutting, shoving,burning,shootingoruseofanyweapons,acidattacksoranyotheractthat resultsin pain,
discomfortorinjury. This incident typedoesnotincludeFGM.

Denial of Resources: Opportunities or Services: denial of rightful access to economic

resources/assetsorlivelihoodopportunities,education,healthorothersocialservices.Examples
includeawidowpreventedfromreceivinganinheritance,earningsforciblytakenbyanintimate
partneror familymember, awomanpreventedfromusingcontraceptives,agirl preventedfrom
attending school, etc. Reports of general poverty should not be recorded.

Forcedmarriage:themarriageofanindividualagainstherorhiswill

Psychological /Emotional Abuse: infliction of mental or emotional pain or injury. Examples

include
threatsofphysicalorsexualviolence,intimidation,humiliation,forcedisolation,stalking,verbalharass
ment,unwantedattention,remarks,gesturesorwrittenwordsofasexualand/ormenacing
nature,destructionofcherishedthings,etc

The GBV-tree

2.3 Major forms of GBV in Togdheer region

Gender Based violence, known as GBV often take variety of forms such as rape, domestic abuse,
forced marriage, forced divorce, and socioeconomic deprivation. It often triggered by the flared
gender inequality of women and girls’ roles and primitive and harmful cultural believes,
including Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) that has deep negative implications for women and
girls’ future health and wellbeing

Through group work discussions, the participants identified Following GBV that women and
girls face.

3.0 SURVIVORS AND PERPETRATORS CONTRIBUTOR FACTORS, CAUSES:

Overview At least two people are involved in any act of GBV: the person who commits the act
and the person to whom it is committed. This session identifies these two persons as the
Perpetrator and the Survivor. The words we use with survivors make an important impression if
we call them victims we reinforcetheir powerlessness and weakness. If we call them survivors,
we are celebrating their strength and supporting their continuing recovery.

3.1 Contributor factors:

 Alcohol/drug abuse is a contributing factor—but all drunks/drug addicts do not
beat their wives or rape women.
 War, displacement, and the presence of armed combatants are all contributing
factors, but all soldiers do not rape civilian women.
 Poverty is a contributing factor, but all poor women are not victimized by forced
prostitution or sexual exploitation.
 Boredom, lack of services, activities, programs
 Collapse of traditional society and family supports
 Religious, cultural, and/or family beliefs and practices
 Design of services and facilities in the refugee camps
 General lawlessness
 Lack of laws against forms of gender-based violence
 Lack of police protection
 Legal justice system/laws silently condones gender violence
 Loss of male power/role in family and community; seeking to assert power
 Political motive, weapon of war, for power/control/fear/ethnic cleansing
3.2Causes:
The root causes of all forms of GBV lie in a society’s attitudes towards and practices of
gender discrimination—the roles, responsibilities, limitations, privileges, and opportunities
afforded to an individual according to gender.

 Society attitudes of disrespect or disregard towards women and privileged status

of men
 Lack of belief in equality of human rights for all
 Cultural/social norms of gender inequality
 Lack of value of women and/or women’s work
3.3 Advocating for Social Behavior Change;
Harmful traditional practices sometimes seem impossible to change. Efforts to alter or eradicate
them require the cooperation and understanding of community leaders, policy makers, and the
people who have experienced or witnessed hardships these practices cause. Community
education is critical to increasing public awareness of the negative consequences of these
practices and changing societal norms. Laws condemning harmful practices must be
implemented and enforced. When respectful of tradition, advocacy can unite communities,
reinforcing practices which benefit all members, while at the same time confronting those which
damage the integrity and diminish the humanity of girls

4.1 Challenges:
 The training period was very short and it was not possible to cover all the topics needed
to cover as per the training schedule
 There was great High wiliness of participants in the GBV trainings.
 Community don’t want report GBVs cases but they prefer traditional conflict solution
 The training participants were 75% illiterate and this resulted difficulty during pre&post
test

4.2 Recommendations:
Based on training out come and the participants viewpoints the flowing recommendations
recommended:

 FGM is a deep rooted cultural practices in Togdheer community and will require mutual
efforts from the community leaders and governments, NGO and social workers to
eliminate or reduce
 Refresher training on GBV are highly required
 Increased awareness creations and education for the community groups is essential in
eradication of child protection and other forms of GBVs PSEA and harmful traditional
practice.
 There is need to create income generation activities for FGM practitioners as an
alternative source of income
  The participants requested for more trainings to the community and the number of
participants to be increased participating police officers, local traders, traditional women
doctors and community leaders

ANNEXS:
Annex 1: training Schedule Conduct GBV and Protection Training for community
committee for food sector target locationsTwo days schedule training for every site

Time Agenda and training sessions Responsible

Day One

08:00 am 8:15 am Arrival of participants Mohamood/Abdi-Sahal

Welcome and Introduction, Expectations/Objective Mohamood

08:15 - 8:30 am

Registration, prayers and training ground rules, expectation pretest Abdi-Sahal

08:30 am - 9:15 am
evaluation
 Introduction, Abdi-Sahal
 understanding of the basic concept of GPV
9:15 am - 10:30 am
 Definition of GBV terminology
 Survivors and Perpetrators

 types of GBV and their definition

 Harmful traditional practices, FGM
 Prevention and response mechanism
10:45 am -12:00 pm Mohamood
 Causes and Contributing Factors of GBV

 Prevention and response strategies

Day two

08:30:8:45 Recap All the participants

 what is sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA)
 Forms of PSEA
8:45-10:00 Abdi-Sahal/Abdisahal
 Identification of PSEA
 Prevention and response to PSEA
10:15-12:00  Child protection Abdi-Sahal /Abdisahal
 Causes and contributor factors
 Introduction to child right
 Referral pathway mechanisms and structures of services provided
 Type of Child Violence
 Cusses and contributor factors
 Identification
  Prevention and response to the protection issues for both women
and children

Posttest and training evaluation and closure Abdi-Sahal

Annex 2: Training Participants’ Lists

S/ Participants Name Locations Telephone Pretest Poat-test

No Number score % score %
1 Ismaciil Maxamed Cabdilaahi Barwaaqo 634362133 40% 70%
2 Cabdi Casiis Jaamac Xuseen Barwaaqo 634889797 45% 75%

3 Cabdilaahi Colaad Ducaale Barwaaqo 634370903 50% 80%

4 Jaamac Xasan Axmed Barwaaqo 634266458 27% 56%

5 Cabdi Maxamed Cabdilaahi Barwaaqo 634780389 30% 60%

6 Cibaado Nuur Cabdi Barwaaqo 637223639 35% 75%

7 Safiya Axmed Caraale Barwaaqo 633407149 60% 80%

8 Caasha Aden Guuleed Barwaaqo 636695713 34% 70%

9 Raxma Cabdiraxman Saleban Barwaaqo 633485311 45% 72%

10 Deeqa Cali warsame Barwaaqo 636450684 60% 85%

11 Yaasiin Cali Saleebaan Barwaaqo-talabo 634431137 48% 78%

12 Maxamed Ismaaciil Maxamed Barwaaqo-talabo 634306823 35% 75%

13 Sidiiq Maxamed Aden Barwaaqo-talabo 634302144 60% 80%

14 Saxardiid Osmaan Saleebaan Barwaaqo-talabo 634430154 27% 55%

15 Nuur Ibraahim Cabdi Barwaaqo-talabo 634302762 40% 70%

16 Maxamed Cabdilaahi Barwaaqo-talabo 63438151 45% 75%

17 Nimco Xasan Jaamac Barwaaqo-talabo 633838900 40% 70%

18 Kawsar Osmac Saleebaan Barwaaqo-talabo 634056468 45% 75%

19 Xaliimo Saxardiid Osmaan Barwaaqo-talabo 636754994 60% 80%

20 Hinda Muuse cabdilaahi Barwaaqo-talabo 63427808 40% 80%

21 ismaacil xasan cajab J.Caynaanshe 634489035 45% 75%

22 axmed yusuf xariir J.Caynaanshe 634390780 60% 80%

23 yusuf cali aadan J.Caynaanshe 634163227 40% 70%

24 maxamed xukun jamac J.Caynaanshe 634770450 35% 75%

25 cismaan cabdi bedel J.Caynaanshe 633307208 60% 80%

26 maxamed cabdi duraan J.Caynaanshe 633283951 27% 55%

27 Cabdilahi maxamuud yusuf J.Caynaanshe 634372853 40% 70%

28 raqiya xuseen maxamed J.Caynaanshe 634988209 47% 65%

29 axmed xirsi geele J.Caynaanshe 633364604 40% 70%

30 nimco cali cabdi J.Caynaanshe 634677718 50% 85%

Annex 3: Activities Photos

16/01/2023 at Baeqaaqo training photo groups

16/01/2023 Jaamacada Caynaanshe Participant Group work presentations

12/01/2023 Training session ate Maansoor hotel Berbera

Same as above

12/01/2023 Training session ate Maansoor hotel Berbera

25/03/2023 Training session ate Laan Mulaaxo

24/03/2023 Training session ate Xaydh ducato