Three Kinds of Words in Arabic

There are three kinds of words in Arabic:

1) Ism: The name of a person, place, thing, idea, adjective,

adverb and more.

2) Fi’l: A word that has a tense (past, present or future)

3) Harf: A word that makes no sense unless another word

comes after it.

Write the alternative definitions for these words below:

1) Ism:

2) Fi’l:

3) Harf:

Identify whether the words in the table below are isms, fi’ls or harfs.

table cats in
Dallas of loudly
jumps peace tall
from slept soundly
on freedom red
a Makkah mother
at students rollercoaster
cake typing house
country America smiles

1
Every ism has four properties.

Write the four properties of the ism here

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Three Forms of Status

ُ ْ
(SUBJECT) Doer of the act: ‫ َﻣْﺮﻓْﻮع‬/ ‫ َرﻓﻊ‬Raf (R)

ْ ْ َ
(OBJECT) Detail of the act: ‫ َﻣﻨُﺼْﻮب‬/ ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬Nasb (N)

َْ
(POSSESSIVE) Word after ‘of’: ‫ ﻣُﺮْور‬/ ‫ َﺟّﺮ‬Jarr (J)

Examples:
R N
A teacher entered the classroom.

R J N
A student of his was sleeping soundly.

R N
The teacher threw a pencil.

J R N
The teacher’s student woke up suddenly.

2
Three forms of status. Place an R, N, or J over the highlighted words.

1) My teacher drinks chocolate milk regularly.

2) He doesn’t like vegetables or fruits.

3) He buys his chocolate milk happily.

4) He knows his children like it, but he doesn’t share.

5) My teacher also likes yummy shawarmas.

6) His students also like shawarmas.

7) He buys shawarmas for his class sometimes.

8) My teacher loses his phone often.

9) My teacher patiently explains hard concepts.

10) May Allah (swt) forgive my teachers.

3
 How To Tell Status
ْ
‫ َرﻓﻊ‬Raf’ Recognition:

◌
ُ (u) or ◌ٌ (un) ending for singular

‫( ا‬aa) or ‫( اِن‬aani) ending for pair

َ
‫( و‬oo) or ‫( ون‬oona) ending for plural
ُ ٌ
‫( آت‬aatu) or ‫( آت‬aatun) ending for plural feminine
ْ َ
‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬Nasb Recognition:

◌َ (a) or ◌ً (an) ending for singular

‫◌ْي‬َ (ay) or‫(َ◌ﻳِْﻦ‬ayni) ending for pair

‫◌ْي‬ َ ‫(◌ْﻓ‬eena)
ِ (ee) or ‫ﻦ‬ ِ ending for plural

‫( آِت‬aati) or ‫( آٍت‬aatin) ending for plural feminine

‫ َﺟّﺮ‬Jarr Recognition:

◌ِ (i) or ◌ٍ (in) ending for singular

‫◌ْي‬َ (ay) or‫(َ◌ﻳِْﻦ‬ayni) ending for pair

‫◌ْي‬ َ ‫(◌ْﻓ‬eena)
ِ (ee) or ‫ﻦ‬ ِ ending for plural

‫( آِت‬aati) or ‫( آٍت‬aatin) ending for plural feminine

4
‫‪Write the status (raf, nasb or jarr) of the words below. Indicate if the status is‬‬
‫‪determined by ending sound or ending combination.‬‬
‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪Status‬‬ ‫‪Sound/Combo? Word‬‬ ‫‪Status‬‬ ‫?‪Sound/Combo‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫اﺠ‪B‬ﺎُس‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﻜﺘَﺎَب‬ ‫اﻟ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َﻣﺎﻛﺜ ْ َ‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻔٍﺲ‬ ‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫َواِﺣَﺪٍة‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫ِﻋَﻮًﺟﺎ‬
‫ْ َ‬
‫‪7.‬‬
‫ا َ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫اﻛَﻨُْﻮن‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫اﻟ َﺒِﻴْﺚ‬ ‫‪10.‬‬ ‫اﻛَﺤَﺮﻳِْﻦ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ‪B‬ﻄﻴّ‬ ‫َﺻﺎِﺑًﺮا‬
‫‪11.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪12.‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫ُﺣْﻮﺑًﺎ‬ ‫‪14.‬‬ ‫اﻟ‪B‬ﺴِﻔﻴْﻨَﺔ‬
‫َُ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪15.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫‪16.‬‬ ‫اﻷرِض‬
‫ًَْ‬
‫‪17.‬‬ ‫ِﻧﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪18.‬‬ ‫َﺻﺎِﻟَﺎٍت‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫ﺑَ َ ٌ‬
‫‪19.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨِﻴﺌًﺎ‬ ‫‪20.‬‬ ‫ﺸ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َْْ‬
‫‪21.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاِ‪o‬اِن‬ ‫‪22.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﺑ ِ‬ ‫ا ِ‬
‫ََْْ ُ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪23.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻗﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫‪24.‬‬ ‫ﺑ ُِﺴﻠَﻄﺎٍن‬
‫ََُْْْ‬ ‫ُﻣﺘ‪B‬ﻜﺌ ْ َ‬
‫‪25.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺜﻴ ِ‬ ‫‪26.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫َْ ‪ْ َ B‬‬
‫‪27.‬‬ ‫اﻟُّﺮﺑُُﻊ‬ ‫‪28.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻨ ﺘ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ ً‬
‫‪29.‬‬ ‫‪o‬ﻓَﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺎ ِ ِ‬ ‫‪30.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋَِﻤﺔ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫‪31.‬‬ ‫اﻟُﻤﺠِﺮُﻣْﻮن‬ ‫‪32.‬‬ ‫اﻟ‪B‬ﺴَﻤﺎَء‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪33.‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻨِﺬِرﻳَْﻦ‬ ‫‪34.‬‬ ‫َﺳَﻤﺎَواٍت‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫َُ َْ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫اﻟ ُْﻤﻀﻠّ ْ َ‬
‫‪35.‬‬ ‫ِﻟﻐﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪36.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫‪Status‬‬

‫‪Forms‬‬ ‫‪How to Tell‬‬ ‫‪Light v Heavy‬‬ ‫‪Flexibility‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪MASCULINE‬‬ ‫ﺟْﻊ ‪Plural‬‬ ‫ُﻣﺜ‪B‬ﻨ‪Pair‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻔَﺮد ‪Singular‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠٌﻢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َرﻓﻊ ‪Raf‬‬

‫ﻴ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴﻠﻤ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻴ‬

‫ُ ْ َْ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠًﻤﺎ‬
‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻧْﺼﺐ ‪Nasb‬‬

‫ﻴ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴﻠﻤ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻴ‬

‫ُ ْ َْ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠٍﻢ‬
‫ِِ‬ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤ ِ‬ ‫َﺟّﺮ ‪Jarr‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪FEMININE‬‬ ‫ﺟْﻊ ‪Plural‬‬ ‫ُﻣﺜ‪B‬ﻨ‪Pair‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻔَﺮد ‪Singular‬‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫ُ ْ ٌَ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤَﺘﺎِن‬ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َرﻓﻊ ‪Raf‬‬

‫ُ ْ ََْ‬ ‫ً‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎٍت‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺘ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻧْﺼﺐ ‪Nasb‬‬

‫ُ ْ ََْ‬
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎٍت‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺴِﻠﻤﺘ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤٍﺔ‬ ‫َﺟّﺮ ‪Jarr‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪BROKEN PLURAL‬‬ ‫ﺟْﻊ ‪Plural‬‬ ‫ُﻣﺜ‪B‬ﻨ‪Pair‬‬ ‫ُﻣﻔَﺮد ‪Singular‬‬
‫أَﻗَْﻼمٌ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻤﺎِن‬
‫ََ‬ ‫َﻗَﻠﻢٌ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َرﻓﻊ ‪Raf‬‬

‫أَﻗَْﻼﻣﺎً‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫َََْ‬ ‫ََ‬
‫ﻗﻠًﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻤ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﻧْﺼﺐ ‪Nasb‬‬

‫ََْ‬ ‫َََْ‬ ‫ََ‬

‫أﻗﻼٍم‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻤ ِ‬ ‫ﻗﻠٍﻢ‬ ‫َﺟّﺮ ‪Jarr‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
 Light vs. Heavy

Normally an ‫ اﺳﻢ‬should be heavy. All the words in the Muslim chart

are heavy.

An ism is made light by removing the extra ‘n’ sound. Do this by:

• Removing the double accent (tanween) OR

• Remove the extra ‫ ن‬at the end of the ism.

NOTE: ‫ ال‬doesn’t like tanween, but an ism with ‫ ال‬isn’t considered light.

The Muslim chart in light form:

Masculine Feminine

ُ ُ
‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤَﺘﺎ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬
ْ ِ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِت‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻤ‬ْ ِ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠ‬

‫ﻤ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠِﻢ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِت‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤ‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤِﺔ‬

Identify whether the following words are light (L) or heavy (H)
1. ‫ﻤ‬ ْ َ ‫ُﻣَﻌ ِّﻠ‬ 2. ‫ت‬
َ
ِ ‫ﻃﺎِﻛَﺎ‬ 3. ‫ﻤﻴﺺ‬
ٌ ْ َ‫ﻗ‬
ِ
َْ َ
4. ‫ﻗﻴﻨﺎ‬ 5. ‫ت‬
َ َ
ِ ‫ﻛ ِﻤ ﺎ‬
َْ َ ً ُُ َ َُ َ ْ َُْ ًَْ
6. ‫ﺳِﻔﻴﻨِﺔ‬ 7. ‫رﺳﻼ‬ 8. ‫رﺳﻮﻻ‬ 9. ‫اﻛﻨﻮن‬ 10. ‫ﻗﻮﻻ‬

11. ‫ب‬
ْ ‫ﻗُُﻠ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ُ ‫ﻧ َِﺴﺎ‬
‫ء‬ ُ ْ ‫أََﺳﺎِﻃ‬
‫ﻴ‬
َ ْ ُ َُْ
14. ‫ﻣﺘِﻠﻔﻮن‬
َBَ َ
15. ‫ﺟﻬﻨﻢ‬
ٍ 12. 13.

َ َ َ َ ‫َﻛَﻮا‬ ًَْ َ ُ ْ َ
16. ‫ﺣﺪاﺋِﻖ‬ 17. ‫ﻋﺐ‬ ِ 18. ‫ﻟﻐﻮا‬ 19. ‫ت‬ ِ ‫ﺎِﺷﻄﺎ‬B‫اﺠ‬ 20. ‫ﺪﻳﺚ‬ ِ‫ﺣ‬
ًَْ َ َ ْ ُ ََُْ ْ ِ ِ ‫َﻇﺎﻟ‬ َُُ َْ َ
21. ‫ﻌﺒة‬ ِ‫ﻟ‬ 22. ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎِﻓﺴﻮن‬ 23. ‫ﻤ‬ 24. ‫ﺛﻠﺜﺎ‬ 25. ‫ِذراﻋ‬

7
There are only FOUR reasons for an ism to be light. Write them
below as we learn them:
1)

2)

3)

4)

8
 Flexibility

There are three categories of flexibility:

1) Fully flexible
• Most isms are fully flexible.
• Can be heavy or light.
ْ ْ َ
• Can show all statuses (‫َرﻓﻊ‬, ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬, and ‫)َﺟّﺮ‬
• Muslim chart on page 6

2) Non Flexible
• Only have one form.
• Looks the same in all statuses.
• Some words that are non-flexible:
َ ْ ُ َُْ
o Words ending in alif eg: n‫دﻏﻴﺎ ﻣﻮ‬

o Single & Plural ism mowsool (listed below)

ْ B َB ْ ˜B‫ا‬
‫˜ﻓَﻦ‬ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬
ِ ‫ا‬ ˜ ‫ا‬ * ‫ي‬ ِ
the ones who(m) the two who(m) the one who(m)
ْ ‫ﻻ‬B‫ ا‬/ k
š ْ ‫ﻻ‬B‫ا‬ B
‫*اﻛَﺎِن‬ ْ B‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺘ‬
ِ ِ ِ
the ones who(f) the two who(f) the one who(f)

*Partly Flexible
‫َﻣْﻦ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬
Whoever(m) Whatever(m/f)

o The singular and the plural pointing words

َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ ْ َ َٰ ْ ُ
‫ﻫﺬا‬, ِ‫ﻫِﺬه‬, ‫ﻫﺆﻻِء‬, ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬, ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ‬, ‫أوﺤِﻚ‬
3) Partly Flexible
• Cannot be heavy and cannot take a kasrah at the end.
ْ ْ َ
• Has two forms: one for ‫ َرﻓﻊ‬and one form for ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ‬and ‫َﺟّﺮ‬

9
Partly Flexible: A Closer Look

Words that are partly flexible:

• Proper names of places, whether Arab or not
o Exception: names of places spelled with 3 letters
Examples:
How is it treated? Jarr Nasb Raf
Arab place َB َB ُB
( > 3 letters ) ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬ ‫َﻣﻜﺔ‬
partly flexible
Non-Arab place
َ َ ُ
( > 3 letters ) ‫ﺑَﺎِﻛْﺴﺘَﺎن‬ ‫ﺑَﺎِﻛْﺴﺘَﺎن‬ ‫ﺑَﺎِﻛْﺴﺘَﺎن‬
partly flexible
ْ ًْ ٌ ْ
Exception: place with only 3 letters,
‫َﻋﺪٍن‬ ‫َﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫َﻋﺪن‬
fully flexible

• Non-Arab Proper names:

o Exception: non-Arab names spelled with 3 letters
o Based on hadith, there are four Arab Prophets. The rest are non-
ٌ َُ ٌ ُ ٌ ْ‫ُﺷَﻌﻴ‬
Arabs. They are: (1) ‫ﻤﺪ‬B‫( ﻣ‬2)‫( َﺻﺎﻟٌِﺢ‬3)‫( ﻫْﻮد‬4)‫ﺐ‬
Examples:
How is it treated? Jarr Nasb Raf
َُ ً َُ ٌ َُ
Arab name,
fully flexible
‫ﻤٍﺪ‬B‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺪا‬B‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻤﺪ‬B‫ﻣ‬
Non-Arab name,
partly flexible
‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴَْﻢ‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴَْﻢ‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫﻴُْﻢ‬
ُ ُ ٌ ُ
Exception: Non-Arab name 3 letters,
fully flexible
‫ﻧْﻮٍح‬ ‫ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧْﻮح‬

Are the following words Fully(F), Partly(P), or Non-Flexible(N)?

َ B َ ْ َ ْ ‫َر‬ ْ
1. n‫ُﻣْﻮ‬ 2. ‫َﺟﻨﺔ‬ 3. ‫ﻳُْﻮُﺳﻒ‬ 4. n‫ِﻋﻴ‬ 5. ‫ﺣﺔ‬ 6. ‫ُﺳﻠَﻄﺎن‬
ُ َُ َ َ
7. ‫ﻟْﻮط‬ 8. ‫ﻤﺪ‬B‫ﻣ‬ 9. ‫َﺳِﻔْﻴَﻨﺔ‬ 10. ‫َﺻﺎِﺣﺐ‬ 11. ‫َﻣْﺴِﺠﺪ‬ 12. ‫ﻫﺬا‬
َ َ َ ََ ْ ّ
13. ‫داﻟﺲ‬ 14. ‫آدم‬ 15. ‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬ 16. ‫ُﻣَﺼْﻴِﻄﺮ‬ 17. ‫ِﻓْﺮَﻋْﻮن‬ 18. ‫˜ﻛَﺮى‬ ِ ‫ا‬
َ َُْْ َ
19. ‫إِْﻃَﻌﺎم‬ 20. ‫ﻳَِﺘْﻴﻢ‬ 21. ‫ﻧﺎر‬ 22. ‫َرُﺳْﻮل‬ 23. k‫اﻷﻧ‬ 24. ‫ِاﺑِْﺘﻐﺎء‬
َ ْ ُّ َ َ
25. ‫َرّب‬ 26. ‫َﻋﻠﻖ‬ 27. َٰ‫ﺟ‬
‫ﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ‬ 28. ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴﻢ‬ 29. ‫ﻟَﻬﺐ‬ 30. ‫أَﺣﺪ‬

10
 Number
1) Normal masculine plural (Muslim chart)
2) Normal feminine plural (Muslim chart)
3) Human broken plural
4) Non-human broken plural
ٌ َ ٌ َ َ
5) Plural by meaning (Eg: people ‫ﻧﺎس‬, generation ‫ﻗْﺮن‬, nation ‫)ﻗْﻮٌم‬
Broken Plurals
BPs don’t have plural endings like those in the Muslim chart. Broken
plurals have ending sounds. They can only be identified through
vocabulary, otherwise they look singular.

Human Broken Plurals:

َ ٌ ُ َ َ
• BPs representing intelligent beings. eg: ‫ُﻋﻠَﻤﺂُء‬, ‫ ُرُﺳﻞ‬, ‫َﻣﻼﺋِﻜﺔ‬
• Treated as “she” or what they really are “they”.
Non-Human Broken Plural
ٌ ‫ب َﻣَﺴﺎﺟُﺪ ُﻛُﺘ‬ َ
ٌ ‫ﻛ‬
• BPs representing non intelligent beings. Eg: ‫ﺐ‬ ِ ِ
ALL non-human plurals (broken or not) are treated as a “she”.

Word Meaning Treatment? Word Meaning Treatment?

َ ُْ
َ ْ ‫ﻜ ّﺬﺑ‬ ٌ
1. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ ‫اﻟﻤ‬
the perpetual
plural 9. ‫آﻳَﺎت‬ miraculous
sing, fem
liars signs
َ ْ ٌ َ َ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻟﺒَﺎل‬
the
2. ِ ‫ا‬ mountains
10. ‫ﺸ‬ a person
ْ
3. ‫ُوُﺟْﻮٌه‬ faces 11. ‫اﻟ َِﺤﻴَْﻢ‬ hellfire
ْ
‫ﻧ َِﺴﺎَء‬ ‫اﻟِﻔﻴِْﻞ‬
the
4. women 12.
elephant
َ ‫اْﻛ‬ ُ َْ
5. ‫ﺤﺎُر‬ ِ seas 13. ‫اﻷْرض‬ the earth
َ ْ ٌ َ ْ َ
6. ‫اﻟُﻤﺘَﻨَﺎِﻓُﺴْﻮن‬ those who
14. ‫أﻗﻤﺎل‬ deeds
race/compete
ُْ َُ َ َْ
7. ‫اﻟﻘﺒُْﻮِر‬ the graves 15. ‫ﻜﺔ‬ ِ‫ اﻟﻤﻼﺋ‬the angels
ُ ْ َْ ُ َ
8. ‫ا َﻛﻴِّﻨَﺔ‬ clear proof 16. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫رﺟﻠ‬ two men

11
FEMININE BECAUSE THE ARABS SAID SO…

During a ‫َﺣْﺮب‬, a soldier was daydreaming looking up at the ‫ َﺳَﻤﺂء‬until

َ
the ‫ ﺷْﻤﺲ‬came up. When he snapped out of it, he realized he was the

َْ َ
only ‫ ﻏﻔﺲ‬left on the battlefield. He was surrounded by ‫ ﻧﺎر‬so he used a

َْ َ
‫ دﻟﻮ‬full of water to make a ‫ َﺳِﺒﻴْﻞ‬and a ‫ َﻃِﺮﻳْﻖ‬all the way to safer ‫أْرض‬. In

ْ
the hot blowing ‫ ِرﻳْﺢ‬he was desperately looking for a ‫ ِﺑﺌ‬to draw water

َ َْ
from. In his search, he found an empty ‫ دار‬inside which he finds a ‫ﻛﺄس‬

َْ B
full of ‫ﺧﺮ‬ . He is tempted despite his fear of ‫ َﺟَﻬﻨﻢ‬and ‫ﺴِﻌﻴ‬B‫ اﻟ‬to take a sip

but wards off his temptation and uses his ‫ َﻋَﺼﺎ‬to strike the drink.

12
 Gender
Masculine
• Default
Feminine
· ُ ٌ ََ
• Real Feminine eg: ‫( أم‬mother) ‫( ﻧﻘَﺮة‬cow)
• Fake Feminine
ٰ ‫( آء‬in some cases)
o ‫ى ة‬
o Non-Human Broken Plurals
o Proper name of places
o Body parts in pairs
o Because the Arabs said so (pg. 12)
How’s it How’s it
Word Meaning Word Meaning
treated? treated?
َ ُْ
َ ْ ‫ﻜ ّﺬﺑ‬ ٌ
‫ﻴ‬ ِِ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ the perpetual liars plural, masc ‫آﻳَﺎت‬ miraculous signs sing, fem
َ ْ ٌ َ َ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻟَﺒﺎل‬ ِ ‫ا‬ the mountains ‫ﺸ‬ a person
ْ
‫ُوُﺟْﻮٌه‬ faces ‫اﻟ َِﺤْﻴَﻢ‬ hellfire
ْ
‫ﻧ َِﺴﺎَء‬ women ‫اﻟِﻔْﻴِﻞ‬ the elephant

َ ‫اْﻛ‬ ُ َْ
‫ﺤﺎُر‬ ِ seas ‫اﻷْرض‬ the earth

َ ْ ٌ ْ َ
‫اﻟُﻤَﺘَﻨﺎِﻓُﺴْﻮن‬ those who
race/compete
‫أﻗَﻤﺎل‬ deeds

ُْ ُ َ َ ْ
‫اﻟﻘُﺒْﻮِر‬ the graves ‫اﻟَﻤﻼﺋِﻜﺔ‬ the angels
ُ ْ َ ْ ُ‫اﻟْﻴ‬
‫اﻛَ ِّﻴَﻨﺔ‬ clear proof ‫ى‬ٰ ‫ﺴ‬ the easiest
ٌ َ
‫ُرُﺳﻞ‬ messengers ‫ﻧﺎٍر‬ a fire
َ
‫ﺴﺎﺋِﻞ‬B‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ‬َ ْ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬
the one who asks ِِ the believers

13
‫‪Tell the Status, Number and Gender of the following words:‬‬

‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪Status/Number/Gender‬‬ ‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪Status/Number/Gender‬‬

‫ُﺣ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ًَ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫ﺠْﻮِر‬ ‫‪J/S/F‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮة ‪17.‬‬‫ﺗﺬ ِ‬
‫َْ َ ُ‬ ‫‪َْ B‬‬
‫أﻓﻤﺎن ‪2.‬‬ ‫‪R/S/F‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴِﺒﻴﻞ ‪18.‬‬

‫ﺼﻨِﻴ ‪3.‬‬
‫ُﻣْ ْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎء ‪19.‬‬

‫ت ‪4.‬‬
‫َ َّ‬ ‫ِﻋﻨَﺒًﺎ‬
‫ﺳِﻴﺌﺎ ٍ‬ ‫‪20.‬‬

‫ﺿﻴ ‪5.‬‬
‫ُﻣْﻌﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ﺣﺪاﺋِﻖ ‪21.‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ل ‪6.‬‬
‫ّ َ‬ ‫ﻟﻠُْﻤَﻄ ّﻔ ْ َ‬
‫ﻟ ِﻠِﺮﺟﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻔﻴ ‪22.‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﻣَﺴﺎﻓ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ٌْ‬
‫ﺤﻴ ‪7.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪ ‪23.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺔ ‪8.‬‬
‫َْ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫اﻟﻔِﺮﻳﻀ ِ‬ ‫ﺔ ‪24.‬‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎِﺷﻴ ِ‬
‫َ َُ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫ﻗﺒﺔ ‪9.‬‬ ‫ﺨِ‬ ‫ب ‪25.‬‬ ‫ﻋ ٍ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺬ‬
‫َ َْ‬ ‫َْ َ ُ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧِﺘِﻴ ‪10.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ‪26.‬‬

‫َْ َ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫ﻴ ‪11.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻜ ِ‬ ‫‪27.‬‬ ‫اﺠ‪B‬ﻔُﺲ‬
‫َ ًَ‬ ‫ُْ ْ َ ‪ُB‬‬
‫ﺗﺎرة ‪12.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻤﺌِﻨﺔ ‪28.‬‬

‫ََْ‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ِﻣﺌﺘ ِ‬ ‫‪29.‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫َوا ِ ٍ‬
‫َ ًْ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻻ ‪14.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎر ‪30.‬‬

‫ْ َْ ُ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎن ‪15.‬‬ ‫ا ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻤﺮ ‪31.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُ ََ‬ ‫‪َ B‬‬
‫ﺳﻨ ‪16.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋِﻞ ‪32.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
 Common vs. Proper
Common
• Default
7 Kinds of Proper
1) Words with ‫ال‬
2) Proper names
3) The one being called
4) Pronouns (page 18)
َ
5) Ism Ishaarah (pointer words) eg: ‫( ﻫﺬه ﺗﻠﻚ‬page 30)
B
6) Ism Mowsool eg: ‫˜ْي َﻣﺎ َﻣْﻦ‬
ِ ‫ا‬
7) The word before “of” if the word after “of” is proper
For example, in the following ayaat, the highlighted words are
proper.
َ ُْ
ٰ ‫ﺤِﻒ اﻷْو‬
¿ ْ ِ َ‫ن َ ٰﻫَﺬا ﻟ‬Bِ‫ إ‬Indeed, this is in the former scriptures, (87:18)
ُ ‫ﻔ اﻟُّﺼ‬

ٰ َ ‫ﺤِﻒ إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴَﻢ َوُﻣْﻮ‬

n ُ ‫ ُﺻ‬The scriptures of Abraham and Moses. (87:19)

َ َ ْ َ َٰ · َ َ َ
‫ﺘ‬
ِ ‫ وأﻧﺖ ِﺣﻞ ِﺑﻬﺬا اﻛ‬And you, [Muhammad], are free of restriction in this city (90:2)
َ ْ ََ َ ُْ ُ َ ْ َُ َ َ َ
‫ﷲ َوُﺳﻘَﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﷲ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ا‬
ِ ‫ ﻓﻘﺎل ﻟﻬﻢ رﺳﻮل ا‬And the messenger of Allah [Salih] said to them, "[Do

not harm] the she-camel of Allah or [prevent her from] her drink." (91:13)
َ َ َ‫ ﻳ‬Æُ َ ‫ﺗ َﻣﺎ‬
ٰB‫ﺘ‬ ْ ‫˜ْي ﻳُْﺆ‬ B
‫ﻛ‬ ِ ِ ‫[ ا‬He] who gives [from] his wealth to purify himself (92:18)

15
Indicate whether the words are common(C) or proper(P).
Word C/P Reason Word C/P Reason
َْْ َْ َ
1. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻧ‬ 1. ‫ﻳَﺎ آدُم‬
َ ْ ‫َﻣﺎﻛﺜ‬ ََ َ B
2. ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ 2. ‫اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‬
ُ ً
3. ‫ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ‬ 3. ‫َﻣَﺮﺿﺎ‬
َ ُ
4. !oُ ‫ﻳَﺎ َو‬ 4. ‫ﻫَﻮ‬

‫˜ْي‬
B ً َ
5. ِ ‫ا‬ 5. ‫أْرﺿﺎ‬

‫ﻴ‬َ ْ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬ ‫ﺠﺎِس‬B‫ا‬

6. ِِ 6.
ُ ُ َ
7. ِ ‫َرﺳﻮل ا‬
‫ﷲ‬ 7. ‫َﺳْﻮَط َﻋﺬاٍب‬
the messenger of Allah a scourge of punishment
َ
8. ‫َﻣْﺮَﻳَﻢ‬ 8. ‫ِﻓْﺮَﻋْﻮن‬
ً ْ B
9. ‫ُﻣَﺼ ِّﺪﻗﺎ‬ 9. ‫˜ﻓَﻦ‬ ِ ‫ا‬
ً B َُ ْ
10. ‫ﻣﻤﺪا‬ 10. ‫ﺘِﻴَْﻢ‬Éَ ‫ا‬
َْ B
11. ‫اﻟﺴِﻔﻴﻨِﺔ‬ 11. ‫ى‬ ٰ ‫ا ِّ˜ْﻛَﺮ‬
ُ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ
12. ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ ر ا‬ 12. ‫ب اﻟَﻤﻴَْﻤﻨَِﺔ‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎ‬
the fire of Allah the people of the right
ُ َ B
13. ‫ﻧ ِﺴﺎء‬ 13. ِ ‫اﻟﺼﺎِﻟ َﺎ‬
‫ت‬
َْ ْ ُ َ
14. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺆِﻣﻨ‬ 14. ‫ﺧﺎِﻃﺌٍَﺔ‬
ٌَْ
15. ‫ﻛﻨ‬ 15. nَ‫ُﻣْﻮ‬
ْ B َ ْ َ َ ُّ َ
16. ‫ﺲ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﻄِﻠﻊ اﻟﺸﻤ‬ 16. ‫ﻓﻚ َرﻗﺒٍَﺔ‬
the rising of the sun freeing of a slave
َ َٰ
17. ‫ُوُﺟْﻮٌه‬ 17. ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬
َُ
18. ‫ﻏﻼٍم‬ 18. ‫ﺠِﻌﻴِْﻢ‬B‫ا‬

16
‫)‪Write the four properties of each of the words (Status/Number/Gender/Type‬‬
‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪S/N/G/T‬‬ ‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪S/N/G/T‬‬ ‫‪Word‬‬ ‫‪S/N/G/T‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫ﻧْﻮًﺣﺎ‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫ا ِ‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫َﺳﺎِﺟِﺪﻓَﻦ‬
‫َﻣﺎﻛﺜ ْ َ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪5.‬‬ ‫إِﺑَْﺮاِﻫْﻴَﻢ‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫آِﻳَﻴﺔ‬
‫َْ َْْ‬ ‫ُ‪ًB‬‬ ‫أٍُمّ‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻧ ِ‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫أﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪9.‬‬

‫‪10.‬‬ ‫ﻋ‬‫ِذَرا َ ْ‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬‫ِﻋﻴْ َ ٰ‬ ‫‪12.‬‬ ‫ﺠﺎِر‬ ‫اﻟُْﻔ ‪B‬‬

‫ﻷﻏَْﻬﺎرُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪14.‬‬ ‫اﺠ‪B‬ﺎِس‬ ‫‪15.‬‬ ‫َﺳﺎِﺣَﺮاِن‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫اﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻛَﻤَﺮاِت‬ ‫ا ‪B‬‬ ‫َﺳﺎِﺣٍﺮ‬
‫‪16.‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪17.‬‬ ‫‪18.‬‬

‫ُﻣْﺆﻣﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ُْ َ َ‬
‫‪19.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪20.‬‬ ‫َﺳِﺒْﻴٍﻞ‬ ‫‪21.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔْﺮﻗﺎن‬
‫ْ َ َ‬
‫‪22.‬‬ ‫َﻣْﺮﻳََﻢ‬ ‫‪23.‬‬ ‫اﻟَﻤﻼﺋِﻜِﺔ‬ ‫‪24.‬‬ ‫اﻟ‪B‬ﺴَﻤﺎَواِت‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪25.‬‬ ‫داﻟَﺲ‬ ‫‪26.‬‬ ‫ﺜَب‬ ‫ﻳ ِ‬ ‫‪27.‬‬ ‫اﻷرِض‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪28.‬‬ ‫َرُﺳْﻮﻻِن‬ ‫‪29.‬‬ ‫اﻟِﻔْﻴِﻞ‬ ‫‪30.‬‬ ‫َو ً‪o‬ا‬
‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪31.‬‬ ‫آﻳَﺔ‬ ‫‪32.‬‬ ‫َراِﺟُﻌْﻮن‬ ‫‪33.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋٌِﻢ‬
‫َ ُ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟَْﻐﺎﻓﻠ ْ َ‬
‫‪34.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫رﺟﻠ ِ‬ ‫‪35.‬‬ ‫اﻟِﻘَﻴﺎَﻣِﺔ‬ ‫‪36.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫َْ ‪ْ َ B‬‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪37.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘ ِ‬ ‫‪38.‬‬ ‫ﻣِﺮٌج‬ ‫‪39.‬‬ ‫ﻳُْﻮُﺳﻒ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫‪40.‬‬ ‫إِﺑِْﻠﻴَﺲ‬ ‫‪41.‬‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ ُْﺴ َ ٰ‬ ‫‪42.‬‬ ‫اﻟِﻨَﺴﺎَء‬
‫ُ ً‬ ‫ِﻣ ْ َ‬
‫‪43.‬‬ ‫اﻟِّﺮﻳُْﺢ‬ ‫‪44.‬‬ ‫ﻗْﺮآﻧﺎ‬ ‫‪45.‬‬ ‫ﺼ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﻣْ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪46.‬‬ ‫ﺠْﻮُﺑْﻮن‬ ‫‪47.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘَﺼِﺺ‬ ‫‪48.‬‬ ‫ِﻛَﺘﺎٌب‬
‫‪49.‬‬ ‫اﻷْﺳَﻮاِق‬
‫َْ‬
‫‪50.‬‬ ‫ﻏَﺒﺎٍت‬
‫َ‬
‫‪51.‬‬
‫أََﺳﺎِﻃ ْ ُ‬
‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫اﻟَْﻌﺎﻟ َﻤ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺷﺎِﻫٍﺪ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َُْ‬
‫ﻣﻔْﻮٍظ‬
‫‪52.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪53.‬‬ ‫‪54.‬‬

‫ْ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُْ‬

‫‪55.‬‬ ‫اﺠ‪B‬ﺠُﻢ‬ ‫‪56.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘَﻤَﺮ‬ ‫‪57.‬‬ ‫اﻷو ٰ‬
‫¿‬

‫‪17‬‬
 Pronouns
Raf “They” Raf “Both of them” Raf “He”
ُ ُ ُ
‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫَﻮ‬

3rd Person Pronouns

Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ
‫ ِﻫْﻢ‬or ‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ‫ ِﻫَﻤﺎ‬or ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ ِه‬or ‫ُه‬
Raf “They (f)” Raf “Both of them (f)” Raf “She”
ُ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ َ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ِﻫ‬or ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ ‫ ِﻫَﻤﺎ‬or ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬

ْ‫َأْﻏُﺘﻢ‬ َ‫َأْﻏُﺘﻤﺎ‬ َ‫َأﻧْﺖ‬

Raf “You (m. pl)” Raf “both of you” Raf “You(m.s)”

2nd Person Pronouns

Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ
‫ﻛْﻢ‬ ‫ﻛَﻤﺎ‬ ‫َك‬

B‫َأﻧُْﺘ‬ َ‫َأْﻏُﺘﻤﺎ‬ َْ “You(f)”

Raf “You (f.pl)” Raf “both of you (f)” Raf

‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫أﻧ‬
Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached) Nasb/Jarr (attached)
ُ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻛَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ِك‬

ُ‫َﻧْﻦ‬ ََ
Raf “We” Raf “I”

‫أﻧﺎ‬
1st Person
Pronouns

Nasb/Jarr (attached) ْ nasb / ‫ ْي‬jarr

k
َ ِ
‫ﻧﺎ‬
(both are attached)

18
Write your pronoun notes here:

1) An independent pronoun is always in the __________ status

2) An attached pronoun is nasb in two cases:

i.

ii.

3) An attached pronoun is jarr in two cases:

i.

ii.

19
Pronoun Practice: Give the 4 properties of the pronouns below, and
translate the pronoun. Some examples have been done for you.
َْ ُ ُ ُ َْ
1.
ُ
‫ﻫَﻮ‬ R/S/M/P he/it 2. ‫ﻧُﻦ‬ 3. ‫ﺼﻛَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬

َ َ َ َ ْ َ
َ‫ﺧَﺮَﺟُﻬﻤﺎ‬ B‫أَﻧُْﺘ‬
4. ‫ﺼﻫﺎ‬ ‫ ﻧ‬N/S/F/P her/it 5. ‫أ‬ 6.

َ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ِﻛﺘَﺎﺑُﻜ‬ َ‫أَﻧْﺖ‬
7. ‫َﻋﻠﻴْﻨَﺎ‬ 8. 9.

ْ َْ ُ
‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ُ‫اِْﺳﺘَْﻐﻔْﺮه‬
10. ‫ﻗﻮِﻣ‬ 11. 12. ِ

ُ
13.
ُ
‫َوَﻋَﺪﻛْﻢ‬ 14. ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ 15. ‫ﻦ‬B‫ِﻓﻴِْﻬ‬

ْ ُ Bَ ُ ُ َ
‫ﺻﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
16. ‫ِﺑﺄﻏﻬﻢ‬ 17. 18.

ُ ُّ ُ
ْ B‫ِإﻧ‬
19. ‫ﻨ‬
ِ 20. ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ 21. ‫ﻛُﻬْﻢ‬

ََ َْ
‫ﻓﻬِﺪﻳِْﻪ‬
B
‫ِإﻧِﻨ‬
22. ‫أﻧﺎ‬ 23. 24.

َْ ُ َ
ُْ
25. ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ِ
َ
26. ‫ﻘﻬﺎ‬ِ ‫أﻟ‬ 27. ‫َﻋﻠﻴْﻜْﻢ‬

ّ ُ
28. ‫ِﺑِﻪ‬ 29. ‫َرﺑِِّﻚ‬ 30. ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻤﻨَﺎ‬

20
 َ َ ْ
Primary Rules for the Idhafah (‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ِ ‫)ا‬
َ
1. The ‫( ُﻣﻀﺎف‬word before “of”) should be:

a. Light

b. No alif-laam (‫)ال‬
َ َ
2. The ‫ِْﻪ‬Éِ‫( ُﻣﻀﺎف إ‬word after “of”) should be

a. In ‫ َﺟّﺮ‬status

3. No long distance relationship

َ َ َ
4. The last property of the ‫ُﻣﻀﺎف‬, type, is dictated by the ‫ْ ِﻪ‬Éِ‫ُﻣﻀﺎف إ‬

َ َ َ
5. Both the ‫ ُﻣﻀﺎف‬and the ‫ِْﻪ‬Éِ‫ ُﻣﻀﺎف إ‬should be isms.

Basic Kinds of Idhafah

ْ
1. “of” translation eg: Imam of the masjid ‫إَِﻣﺎُم اﻟَﻤْﺴِﺠِﺪ‬
ُ ْ
2. Pronoun attached to an ism eg: His house ‫ﺑَﻴُﺘﻪ‬
ْ َْ َ َْ
3. Special Mudhafs eg: Under the earth ‫ﺗﺖ اﻷرِض‬

21
 Special Mudhafs
(usually doesn’t give an “of” meaning)

Special Mudhafs below are by default nasb status

besides, َ ُ
‫دْون‬ below
َ‫َﺗْﺖ‬ above
ََْ
‫ﻓﻮ ق‬
other than
َ ْ َ‫ﺑ‬ ْ َ َ
between ‫ﻴ‬ after ‫َﻧﻌَﺪ‬ before ‫ﻗﺒْﻞ‬
َْ َ ْ
‫َﻣَﻊ‬ ‫ِﻋﻨَﺪ‬
with, at,
around,
surrounding
‫ﺣ ﻮل‬ with has,

َ‫َأَﻣﺎم‬
by/beside
ْ َُ َْ َ
especially
from
‫ن‬o behind ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ in front of

behind,
‫َوَرآَء‬ right in َ‫ﺪام‬B‫ُﻗ‬
beyond front of
Special mudhafs below can be raf/nasb/jar status

which, ُّ‫َأي‬ other ُ‫َﻏْﻴ‬ each, all,

every, the
ُّ ُ
‫ﻛ‬ some, ُ ْ
‫َﻧﻌﺾ‬
any than some of
whole

22
‫‪Idhafah Practice: Tell whether each instance is an idhafah or not‬‬
‫ْ َُ ْ‪َB‬‬ ‫ْ َ ً‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ْ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫ﻳَﺪﺧﻞ اﻟ َﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫ﺑَﺄًﺳﺎ ﺷِﺪﻳْﺪا‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ﺗِﺘِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫‪4.‬‬ ‫اﻟُﻤﺠِﺮُﻣْﻮن ا‪B‬ﺠﺎَر‬
‫َ َ ُ‬
‫ﺑُْﺮﻫﺎﻧﻜْﻢ‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫ا‪B‬ﺗََﺬ ا ُ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ًََ َ ُ َْ‬ ‫ُّ َ‬
‫ﻛ َﻣﺜٍﻞ‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪7.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ رﺟﻠ ِ‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﻛﻨْﺘُْﻢ َﺻﺎدﻗ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ َ ً‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أَْﻛ َ َ‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫‪10.‬‬ ‫ﺚ أَﺳﻔﺎ‬ ‫اﻟِﺪﻳ ِ‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫ﺑَﻴﻨُﻬَﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪12.‬‬ ‫ﺜ ْ‬
‫‪ٍn‬ء‬
‫َ َ َ ْ‬ ‫َ ً‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ َْ ‪ْ َ B‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫أْرَﺑَﻌﺔ أﺷُﻬٍﺮ‬ ‫‪14.‬‬ ‫أﺣَﺴُﻦ ﻗَﻤﻼ‬ ‫‪15.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ِﻛﺘﺎ اﻟﻨﺘ ِ‬ ‫‪16.‬‬ ‫َﻣﻨَﻊ ا‪B‬ﺠﺎَس‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ُﻫَﻮ ا ُ‬ ‫َْ ْ ْ‬
‫‪17.‬‬ ‫ﻳَْﻮَم اﻟ َ ِ ّﺞ‬ ‫‪18.‬‬ ‫أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻜﻬِﻒ‬ ‫‪19.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪20.‬‬ ‫ﻣَﻤَﻊ ا َﻛﺤَﺮْﻳِﻦ‬
‫َ ََ ٌ‬ ‫َ ُّ ‪َ B‬‬ ‫‪َ B‬‬ ‫َْ َْ‬
‫‪21.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫َ‬ ‫ﻣ‬
‫و أذا ِ‬
‫ن‬ ‫‪22.‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫رب اﻟﺴﻤﺎَوا ِ‬ ‫‪23.‬‬ ‫َﺟﻨﺘَﻚ‬ ‫‪24.‬‬ ‫ﻴ ﻏﻔٍﺲ‬ ‫ﻏ ِ‬
‫ََْ ُُ‬ ‫ُ َْ َّ‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪25.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻆ ﻗﻠْﻮِﺑِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫‪26.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎٍن ﺑ ِ ٍ‬ ‫‪27.‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎؤﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪28.‬‬ ‫أﺑََﻮاُه‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِﺑَﻌﺬاٍب َﻋِﻠﻴٍﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫أَْﻗَﺮَب ُر ْ ً‬
‫‪29.‬‬ ‫‪30.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫تا ِ‬ ‫آﻳﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪31.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫دْوِن ا ِ‬ ‫‪32.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎ‬
‫َﻓْﻬِﺪ ا ُ‬ ‫ْ َ َُ‬ ‫َ ُّ ْ ْ َ ْ‬
‫‪33.‬‬ ‫ُﻣ‪B‬ﺪِﺗِﻬْﻢ‬ ‫‪34.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪35.‬‬ ‫اﻟَﻮﻻﻳﺔ ِ ِ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫‪36.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫أي اﻟِﺰﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻛ َﻣْﺮَﺻٍﺪ‬
‫ُ‪B‬‬
‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ‫َرُّﺑ ُ‬ ‫َََ َْ‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫َﻣﻐِﺮَب اﻟﺸْﻤِﺲ‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪37.‬‬ ‫‪38.‬‬ ‫‪39.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟ َﻴﺎةِ‬ ‫‪40.‬‬
‫َُ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ََ ُ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪41.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻔْﻮٌر َرِﺣﻴٌْﻢ‬ ‫‪42.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫َوﻋﺪ ا ِ‬ ‫‪43.‬‬ ‫ت اﻷَرِض‬ ‫ﻏﺒﺎ‬ ‫‪44.‬‬ ‫ُزَﺑَﺮ اﻟ َِﺪﻳِْﺪ‬
‫ْ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻛ َ ْ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫ََْ ‪َْ َ B‬‬
‫‪45.‬‬ ‫ِﻋﻨَﺪ اﻟَﻤْﺴِﺠِﺪ‬ ‫‪46.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳَﻤﺎِر‬ ‫‪47.‬‬ ‫‪ٍn‬ء‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪48.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺑﻴ اﻟﺼﺪﻓ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ََ َ َ‬ ‫ت اﻟ‪B‬ﺼﺎﻟ َﺎ ُ‬ ‫ا ْ َﻛﺎﻗﻴَﺎ ُ‬ ‫َٰ َ َ ْ َ ٌ‬
‫‪49.‬‬ ‫ِﻋﻨﺪ َرُﺳْﻮ ِ ِ‬
‫‪Æ‬‬ ‫‪50.‬‬ ‫ﺛﻼث ِﻣﺎﺋٍﺔ‬ ‫‪51.‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪52.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا ر‬
‫َوأََﻗﺎُﻣْﻮا اﻟ‪B‬ﺼَﻼةَ‬ ‫˜ﻓَﻦ‬
‫َ َ ‪ْ B‬‬ ‫ُوﺿَﻊ اﻟْﻜﺘَﺎ ُ‬ ‫َوْﻋُﺪ َر ّ ْ‬
‫‪53.‬‬ ‫‪54.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ا ِ‬ ‫‪55.‬‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪56.‬‬ ‫‪ë‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪57.‬‬
‫أَْﻓَﻤﺎَﻏُﻬﻢْ‬ ‫‪58.‬‬ ‫ُدْوﻧِِﻪ‬ ‫‪59.‬‬ ‫أﻣِﺮ َر ِّﺑِﻪ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪60.‬‬ ‫ﻀُﻬْﻢ‬ ‫َﻧْﻌ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‪ْ ُ B‬‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫‪61.‬‬ ‫ُﺻُﺪْوَر ﻗْﻮٍم‬ ‫‪62.‬‬ ‫ت َﻋﺪٍن‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪63.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠَﻖ اﻟ‪B‬ﺴَﻤﺎَواِت‬ ‫‪64.‬‬ ‫ِﻋﺒَﺎِدْي‬
‫ُ ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َﺠﻔَﺪ ا ْ َﻛ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ً‬
‫‪65.‬‬ ‫اﻟِﻔْﺮَدْوِس ﻧُﺰﻻ‬ ‫‪66.‬‬ ‫ﺤُﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪67.‬‬ ‫ﻳَْﺮُﺟْﻮ ﻟِﻘﺎَء‬ ‫‪68.‬‬ ‫َﻗَﻤﻼ َﺻﺎِﻟ ًﺎ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ َ ْ ْ ْ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْ ُ‬
‫‪69.‬‬ ‫ﺟَﻊ َﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪70.‬‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻜ ِ‬‫ﻃﻌﺎِم اﻟِﻤﺴ ِ‬ ‫‪71.‬‬ ‫ﷲ‬‫ﺼا ِ‬ ‫‪72.‬‬ ‫َﻣِﻠِﻚ ا‪B‬ﺠﺎِس‬

‫‪23‬‬
Idhafah with pronouns. Fill in the blanks with the pronouns
ُ ُ َُْ
ْ‫ﻜﻢ‬
1. ‫أ ﻏ ﻔﺴ‬ ___________selves
ُ ْ
2. ‫َﻧﻐﻴُﻜْﻢ‬ ___________ rebellion
َ ْ
3. ‫ُزﺧُﺮﻓَﻬﺎ‬ ___________ glitter
ََُْ
4. ‫أ ﻣ ﺮ ﻧﺎ‬ ___________ command
َ
5. ‫ﻗْﻮَﻣُﻬْﻢ‬ ___________ nation

6.
َ‫أَْﻫﻠُﻬﺎ‬ ___________ family/people/dwellers
َ
7. ‫ُﺣُﺪْودُه‬ ___________ boundaries
ُ َ َ
8. ‫َﻣﻜﻧﻜْﻢ‬ ___________ place
ْ
9. ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ِﺑِﻤﺜِﻠ‬ With ___________ example/likeness
ّ ُ َ
10. ‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﻓِﻸِﻣ‬ Then for ___________ mother
B َْ
11. ‫ﻬﻦ‬ ِ ‫أﻫِﻠ‬ ___________ family
B ُ َ ْ
12. ‫ِإﺣﺪاﻫﻦ‬ One of ___________
ْ ُ ُ ََ ُ
13. ‫ﺂؤﻛﻢ‬ï‫ﺷ‬ ___________ associates
َ
14. ‫ﻦ‬B‫َﺻُﺪﻗﺎِﺗِﻬ‬ ___________ marriage gifts
ْ ‫َﻗَﻤ‬
15. ‫ﻠ‬ ___________ action/work
ِ
َ َّ
16. ‫رﺑﻚ‬
ِ ___________ lord

24
Special Mudhaf Practice. Fill in the blanks with the correct meanings
ّ‫ﻟَﻖ‬ ْ َْ
1.
ِ ‫ﻴا‬ ِ ‫ِﺑﻐ‬ ______________ the right justification
ُ َ
2. ‫َوَرآﺋﻜْﻢ‬ ______________ all of you
ْ َ
3. ‫ﺧﻠِﻔِﻬْﻢ‬ ______________ them
ََْْ َ َْ
4. ‫ﻴ‬ِ ‫ﻓﻮق اﺛﻨﺘ‬ ______________ two women
َ
5. ‫ﻗﺒِْﻠِﻬْﻢ‬ ______________ them
ُ ْ
6. ‫َﻧﻌُﻀﻜْﻢ‬ ______________ you all
ْ
7. ‫ﺑَﻴﻨَﻨَﺎ‬ ______________ us
8.
ْ‫أَُّﻓُﻬﻢ‬ ______________ them
َْ ْ ُْ ََْ
9. ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺑﻴ اﻷﺧﺘ‬ ______________ two sisters.
ْ ُ َٰ َ َ َ
10. ‫ورآء ذِﻟﻜﻢ‬ ______________ that for all of you
B َُ
11. ‫ﻧﺎ‬o ______________ behalf
َ ْ َْ َ َْ
12. ‫ﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﻧﻌﺪ اﻟﻔِﺮﻳﻀ‬ ______________ the obligation
َ َٰ َ ْ ُ
13. ‫دون ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ ______________ that
َ َْ
14. ‫ﻋﻨﺪك‬ ِ ______________ have
15. ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‬
َََْ
______________ her/it
َ َ B َ َْ
16. ‫ﺗﺖ اﻟﺸﺠﺮِة‬ ______________ the tree.
17. ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
َ ََُْ ______________ both of them.

25
Primary Rules for Mowsoof + Sifah
ْ ُ ْ َ
1. Mowsoof (‫ )ﻣﻮﺻﻮف‬must be
a. First
b. Only one
َ
2. Sifah (‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
ِ )
a. Has the same 4 properties as the Mowsoof
b. Is after the Mowsoof
c. May be more than one
d. Can tolerate a long distance relationship
Note:
• The mowsoof is never a pronoun, pointer word, or ism mowsool
• The sifah is never a proper name, pronoun, or pointer word.
• Look out for non human plurals and their feminine sifahs. For example:
ُ‫ﻴة‬
َ ْ ‫ﺼﻐ‬B‫ﺐ اﻟ‬ ُ ْ
ُ ُ‫ﻜﺘ‬ ٌَْ َ ُ ََ
ِ ‫ اﻟ‬the small books ‫ﺟﻴﻠﺔ‬ِ ‫ ﺣﻘﺎﺋِﺐ‬beautiful bags

Examples of Mowsoof Sifah. Write the 4 properties of the highlighted words

based on how they are treated.
ًْ َ ًَْ
a heavy word ‫ﻗﻮﻻ ﺛِﻘﻴﻼ‬
ٰ ‫ﺒ‬ ُ ْ ُB B
َْ‫ﻜ‬
the greatest calamity ‫ى‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻣﺔ اﻟ‬
ً ً ُ ُ
purified scriptures ‫ﻬَﺮة‬B‫ﺤﻔﺎ ُّﻣَﻄ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
ُ َ
a great test from your Lord ‫ﺑَﻼٌء ِﻣْﻦ َرﺑِّﻜْﻢ َﻋِﻈﻴٌْﻢ‬
ٌ ُ
elevated beds ‫ﻣْﺮﻓْﻮَﻋﺔ‬B ‫ﺳٌر‬ ُ ُ
ُ ْB ْ َ
like eaten straw ‫ﻛَﻌﺼٍﻒ ﻣﺄﻛﻮٍل‬
ْ
ُ ْ ‫ﻜﺒ‬ َ ْ ُْ َْ
the great attainment ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻔﻮز اﻟ‬
ٌ َ
an intensely hot fire ‫ﻧﺎٌر َﺣﺎِﻣﻴَﺔ‬
َْْ َ َْ َُ
for two orphan boys ‫ﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﻴ ﻳِﺘﻴﻤ‬ ِ ‫ِﻟﻐﻼﻣ‬
ٌَْ َ ُ َ َ
abundant gains ‫ﻴة‬ ِ‫ﻣﻐﺎﻧِﻢ ﻛﺜ‬

26
 Primary Rules for Harf of Jarr
1. The harf of jarr makes its ism jarr.
2. No long distance relationship.
3. There are 17 harf of jarr. We will learn 11 that are in the Quran.
ّ َ َْ
4. The harf of jarr is called the ‫ ﺟﺎر‬and the ism it makes jarr is the ‫ﻣُﺮْور‬

َ
‫َك‬
for/have like swear by Allah
َ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ with ‫ِب‬
(pronoun ‫ ل‬all else ‫)ِل‬ (comparison) only
َ
‫ﻗْﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣْﻦ‬ ‫َو‬
ْ ِ from/because of oath
‫ﻓ‬
(not ‫)َﻣْﻦ‬
about/away from in/about
(Not the ‫ َو‬for “and”)
ََ
to/towards ‫إﻟ‬ until (2) kB‫َﺣ‬ on/upon/against ‫ﻟ‬
Additional notes:
َ
• When attached to a pronoun, the ‫ ل‬is pronounced ‫ ل‬otherwise it is ‫ِل‬.
ُ َ
For example: ‫ ﻟﻜْﻢ‬vs. ‫ﻟ َِﺮُﺳْﻮٍل‬
• Don’t confuse the harf of jarr lam with the lam for emphasis. The lam for
emphasis does not make isms jarr. For example:
ْ ََ َ َ – For us (harf of jarr).
‫ﺠﺤُﻦ‬ – Most certainly, I swear to it, we. ‫ﺠﺎ‬
• Don’t confuse the ‫ َو‬harf of jarr (for oaths only) with the connector ‫َو‬
which means “and”
َ َ
• When ‫ ِﻣْﻦ‬and ‫ ﻗْﻦ‬are attached to ‫ َﻣﺎ‬they are written as ‫ﻤﺎ‬B‫ ِﻣ‬and ‫ﻤﺎ‬B‫ﻗ‬.
َ ََ
• When attached to a pronoun, ‫ إِﻟ‬and ‫ ﻟ‬are pronounced with a ‫ْي‬. For
َْ َ َ
example: ‫ َﻋﻠﻴِﻪ‬or ‫ْﻚ‬Éِ‫إ‬

Identify if the following are harf of jarr fragments

ّْ
1. ‫ِﺑﺎﻟ َِﻖ‬
ُْ ْB
2. ‫ﻛﻌﺼٍﻒ ﻣﺄﻛﻮٍل‬
ْ َ َ َ َّ َْ
3. ‫ﺪ رِﺑﻚ‬ ‫ﺠﻴٍْﻞ‬ّ ‫ﺠﺎَرة ّﻣْﻦ ﺳ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ِﺑﻤ‬ 4. ِ ِ ِ ٍ ِِ
َ َ ُ ّ ُ ِ‫ﻟ‬
5. ٍ‫ﻜ ﻫﻤﺰة‬ 6. ‫ف‬
ْ َ ْ
ٍ ‫ِﻣﻦ ﺧﻮ‬ 7. ‫ﺪﻫﺎ‬
َ ْ‫ﻓ ﺟﻴ‬
ِ ِ ِْ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻓ ِدﻳِﻦ ا‬ ِْ
ِ 8.

َ B َ ُّ ‫ﻓ َﻗَﻤ‬ ِْ ْ ْ ْ َ َ َٰ َ ّ َ ْ َ ْ ُْ َ َ
9. ٍ‫ﺪ ﻣﻤﺪ دة‬ ٍ 10. ‫ﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻜ‬ ِ ‫ﻟ ﻃﻌﺎِم اﻟِﻤﺴ‬ 11. ‫ﺷ‬ ِ ‫وِﻣﻦ‬ 12. ‫ﺴ‬ِ ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌ‬
ْ ْ ‫ﺤﺎ‬
13. ‫ب اﻟِﻔﻴِﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺑﺄَْﺻ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
َ َّ
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ َﻣْﻄﻠَﻊ اﻟَْﻔ‬k
‫ﺠ‬ ٰ B ‫َﺣ‬ ْ َ
‫َﻣْﻦ أﻗَﻄٰﻰ‬
ِ ِ 14. ِ ِ 15. ِ ِ 16.

27
 Primary Rules for Harf of Nasb
1. The harf of nasb makes its ism nasb.
2. Can tolerate a long distance relationship.
َ B
however ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻜ‬ِ ٰ
‫ـ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ certainly, for sure ‫إِ ن‬
B َ B َ
so that, hopefully, maybe ‫ ﻟَﻌﻞ‬that ‫أن‬
َ ْÉَ َas though, as if Bََ
alas (express regret) ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺄن‬
Bَ
because ‫ِﺑﺄن‬

Note:
ََ ْ ِ and the nasb form of ‫ َﻧُْﻦ‬is ‫ﻧَﺎ‬. When
The nasb form of the pronoun ‫ أﻧﺎ‬is k
attached to a harf of nasb, these pronouns can be written fully, or the ‫ ن‬can be
dropped. ‫ﻨ‬ ْ B‫ إِﻧ‬or kّ ِ ِ‫ إ‬and ‫ﻏﻨَﺎ‬Bِ‫ إ‬or ‫ﺎ‬B‫إِﻧ‬. For example:
ِ
B َ ُ َُ ْ B
‫ﺎ‬B‫ﺑﻨَﺎ إِﻏﻨَﺎ آَﻣﻨ‬B‫˜ﻓَﻦ ﻓﻘﻮﻟْﻮن َر‬ ِ ‫ ا‬Those who say, "Our Lord, indeed we have believed…." (3:16)
ْ َْ َ َ ْ ُ َْ َ َ B
‫ﻠِﺔ اﻟﻘﺪِر‬Éْ ‫ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ إِﻧﺎ أﻧﺰﺠﺎه‬Indeed, We sent it down during the Night of Decree. (97:1)
َ ََ ّْ
‫ أﻧﺎ َرُّﺑﻚ‬k ِ ِ‫ إ‬Indeed, I am your Lord (20:12)
َ َ B َ َٰ َ ُ َ َ ْ B
‫ إِﻻ أﻧﺎ‬Æ ِ‫ إِﻧِﻨ أﻧﺎ اﷲ ﻻ إ‬Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me (20:14)

Determine if the following contains a harf of nasb fragment.

ْ َ َ Bَ ٌَْ ْ ُB ْ َْ َ َB َ B
1. ‫أن ﻟُﻬْﻢ أﺟًﺮا‬ 2. ‫إِﻏﻬﻢ ِﻓﺘﻴﺔ‬ 3. ‫إِﻏﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴِﻬﻢ‬ 4. ‫ﻨَﺎ إِﻳَﺎَﻧُﻬْﻢ‬Éْ ِ‫إِن إ‬
َ ْB َ B ََ َُ ْB ْ َ َ َ َ B َ B ُ
5. ‫ﻓﻠَﻌﻠﻚ ﺑَﺎِﺧٌﻊ ﻏﻔَﺴﻚ‬ 6. ‫ﻟﻦ ﻧﺪﻋﻮ‬ 7. ‫إِن ﺷﺎﻧِﺌﻚ‬ 8. ‫ﻢ إِن َﻋﻠﻴْﻨَﺎ ِﺣَﺴﺎَﻧُﻬْﻢ‬B‫ﻋ‬
َ B َ ُ َُ ْ ü ِ ‫ َو‬Æُ َ َ B َ َ َْ B ْ َ
9. ‫إِن ﻓﻘْﻮﻟْﻮن إِﻻ ﻛِﺬﺑًﺎ‬ 10. ‫ﺎ‬É 11. ‫وﺻﺪق‬ 12. ‫أن ﻟْﻦ ﻓﻘِﺪَر‬
ْ َ B َ َْ ْ B َ َ ْ َ ٌ َ َ ْ ُّ ٌ َ
13. ‫ﺟَﻌﻠﻨَﺎ‬ ‫إِﻧﺎ‬ 14. ‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬ ِ ‫إِن ا‬ 15. ‫ﺑﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ 16. ‫ﻧﺎر ﻣﺆﺻﺪة‬
َْ ْ َ َ ْ َ Bَ َُ َ B َ َ َٰ B ً ْ ُ ‫ن َﻣَﻊ اﻟُْﻌْﺴ ﻳ‬B‫إ‬
17. ‫ب اﻟﻜﻬِﻒ‬ ‫أن أﺻﺤﺎ‬ 18. Æ‫أن ﻣﺎ‬ 19. ‫إِن ﻫﺬا‬ 20. ‫ﺴا‬ ِ ِ

28
Harf of Jarr: Examples from the Quran

‫ﻴ‬ َ ْ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ ُْﻤْﺆﻣﻨ‬ ‫ِب‬

With the believers (with, because of, by, at, in, etc) ِِ ِ
َ ُْ َ َ
They said, “By Allah!” ‫ﷲ‬ِ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ت‬
ُ ْB ْ َ
Like eaten straw ‫ﻛَﻌﺼٍﻒ ﻣﺄﻛْﻮٍل‬ ‫َك‬
ُ َ
And for you(pl). ‫َوﻟﻜْﻢ‬ ‫ل‬
ْ َْ َ
(I swear) By the fleeting passage of time! ‫ﺼ‬ِ ‫واﻟﻌ‬ ‫َو‬
ُ َُْ
From amongst yourselves. ‫ِﻣْﻦ أﻏﻔِﺴﻜْﻢ‬ ‫ِﻣْﻦ‬
ٌ ََ ْ ْ
In just retribution there is life ‫ﻓ اﻟِﻘَﺼﺎِص ﺣﻴﺎة‬ ِ ِْ
‫ﻓ‬
ََْْ َ َ َُ
They ask you regarding the spoils of war ‫ﻳ َْﺴﺄﻟْﻮﻧﻚ َﻋِﻦ اﻷﻏﻔﺎِل‬ ‫َﻗْﻦ‬
َ ْ ْ Bَََْ َ َََ ََ
And upon Allah the believers should place their trust. ‫! اﻟُﻤﺆِﻣﻨُْﻮن‬ ِ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺠِﺮ‬ ْ ‫ َﻣْﻄﻠَﻊ اﻟَْﻔ‬kB‫َﺣ‬ kB‫َﺣ‬
Until the rise of dawn(1). ِ
ْ B َ
Until a time(2). ‫ﻴ‬ ٍ ‫ ِﺣ‬k‫ﺣ‬ kB‫َﺣ‬
ْ َ َْ َ
It (the Quran) guides towards what is right. ‫ﻓﻬِﺪْي إِﻟ اﻟُّﺮﺷِﺪ‬ ‫إِﻟ‬

Harf of Nasb: Examples from the Quran

‫ﷲ‬َ ‫ن ا‬B‫إ‬ B
‫إِن‬
Certainly Allah is ِ
B َ Bَ
That they are/ that certainly they are ‫أﻏُﻬْﻢ‬ ‫أن‬
ْ َُُ ْ Bََ Bََ
As though there is a deafness in his ear (literally barrier) ‫ﻓ أذﻏﻴِْﻪ َوﻗًﺮا‬ ِ ‫ﻛﺄن‬ ‫ﻛﺄن‬
ُ َ B َ َ َٰ Bَ
That is because they said…. ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ ِﺑﺄﻏُﻬْﻢ ﻗﺎﻟْﻮا‬ ‫ِﺑﺄن‬
ً َ ً َ ُ ْ B َ ْ َ ْ ََْ َ َ َْ َ َ Éْ َ
Woe is me! I only I didn’t take so-and-so for a friend. ‫ﺗﺬ ﻓﻼﻧﺎ ﺧِﻠﻴْﻼ‬ ٰ ‫ﻳﺎ وﻳﻠ‬
ِ ‫ﺘِﻨ ﻟﻢ أ‬É k ‫ﺖ‬
B ْ ‫ﻦ اﻟ‬B‫ﻟَ ٰﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻜ‬
َٰ
On the contrary, righteousness is ِ ِ ِ ‫ﻟ‬
َ ُ َْ ُ Bََ B َ
So that you may be grateful. ‫ﻜْﻢ ﺗﺸﻜُﺮْون‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻟَﻌﻞ‬

29
 ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ ْ َ‬
‫ﻹﺷﺎرِة ‪Pointing Words‬‬‫أﺳﻤﺎء ا ِ‬
‫‪Near‬‬

‫َٰ ُ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬

‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻫﺬاِن‬ ‫ﻫﺬ ا‬ ‫‪Masculine‬‬

‫َٰ ُ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬

‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻳِْﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪َ or‬ﺟّﺮ‬

‫َٰ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َٰ‬ ‫َٰ‬

‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻫﺘﺎِن‬ ‫ﻫِﺬِه‬ ‫‪Feminine‬‬

‫َٰ ُ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ ْ‬ ‫َٰ‬ ‫َ ْ‬

‫ﻫﺆﻵِء‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻫﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﻫِﺬِه‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪َ or‬ﺟّﺮ‬

‫‪Far‬‬

‫ُ ْ َٰ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬
‫أوﻟـِﺌﻚ‬ ‫ذاِﻧﻚ‬ ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ ‫‪Masculine‬‬

‫ُ َْٰ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َٰ َ‬
‫أوﻟـﺌِﻚ‬ ‫ذﻳِْﻨﻚ‬ ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪َ or‬ﺟّﺮ‬

‫ُ ْ َٰ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬
‫أوﻟـِﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎِﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺗِﻠﻚ‬ ‫‪Feminine‬‬

‫ُ َْٰ َ‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬
‫أوﻟـﺌِﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴِﻨﻚ‬ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪َ or‬ﺟّﺮ‬

‫‪30‬‬
Using pointers:

1. To make a fragment:
a. The pointer must be followed immediately by ‫ال‬
َ ْ ُ ْ ْ َ ‫)ُﻣَﺸﺎٌر إ‬
b. 4 properties of the pointer (ِ‫ﻹﺷﺎَرة‬ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ِ ‫إ‬ ) and “pointed at” ( ‫ﻪ‬
ِ É ِ
must match
2. To make a sentence:
a. Pointer should not have ‫ ال‬after it

‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ب َ ٰﻫَﺬا اْﻛ‬B‫ﻓَﻠَْﻴْﻌُﺒُﺪوا َر‬

‫ﻴ‬
ِ fragment this house
ْ ْ َٰ ْ
‫ﻏَﻴﺎ‬oُّ‫ﻓ ﻫِﺬهِ اﻟ ََﻴﺎِة ا‬ ِ fragment in this worldly/lowest life
ُ ُ ْ َ َٰ
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘْﺮآن‬ fragment this Quran

ُ ُ ُ َ ْ
‫ﷲ‬ِ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ ﺣﺪْود ا‬ sentence Those are the boundaries of Allah.

‫ﺎِر‬B‫ﺤﺎُب اﺠ‬ ْ َ‫ﻚ أ‬

َ ‫ﺻ‬ َ َْٰ ُ
‫أوﻟـِﺌ‬ sentence Those are the companions of the fire
ُ َ َ َٰ
‫ﷲ‬
ِ ‫ﻫِﺬهِ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ا‬ sentence This is the she-camel of Allah

Determine if the following are sentences or fragments

ْ َ َٰ ْ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ َٰ
1. ‫ﺚ‬ ْ‫ﻟ َﺪﻳ‬
ِ ِ ‫ِﺑﻬﺬا ا‬ 2. ‫ﻜْﻴِﻢ‬َِ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻜَﺘﺎِب ا‬ ِ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ آﻳﺎت اﻟ‬ 3. ‫ﻫُﺆﻻِء اﻟﻘْﻮِم‬
ْ ْ ُ َ َٰ ُ ْ َ ْ
ٰ
ْ ‫َﻫِﺬهِ َﺳِﺒْﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬ 5. ‫ﻏَﻴﺎ‬oُّ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ َﻣَﺘﺎع اﻟ ََﻴﺎِة ا‬ 6. ‫اُر اﻵِﺧَﺮة‬oB‫ِﺗﻠﻚ ا‬
4.
ِ
َ ُ َ ُ َ َٰ ْ َ
‫ﻫﺬاِن ﺧﺼَﻤﺎِن‬
َ َٰ Bْ
‫ﺤﺎُب اﻟ َﻨِﺔ‬ ْ َ‫ﻚ أ‬
َ ‫ﺻ‬ َ َْٰ ُ
7. ‫ﻫُﺆﻻِء ﺷﻔَﻌﺎؤﻧﺎ‬ 8. 9. ‫أوﻟـِﺌ‬

ُّ B‫َو َ ٰﻫَﺬا اﺠ‬ ْ ّ ‫َ ٰﻫَﺬا َر‬ َ ُ ْ َ َٰ B

‫ﺒ‬ 11. ë ِ 12. ‫إِن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘْﺮآن‬
10.
ِ
ُ ْ َ َٰ ْ َ B َ َٰ B ْ َْ ََْ ْ َ ْ
13. ‫ﻓ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘْﺮآِن‬ ِ 14. ‫إِن ﻫﺬا َﻋُﺪ·و ﻟﻚ‬ 15. ‫ﺐ‬ ِ ‫ِﺗﻠﻚ ِﻣﻦ أﻏﺒﺎِء اﻟﻐﻴ‬
ْ َٰ ُ َ َ َٰ
16.
َ َ B
‫ﺠَﺮة‬ ‫ﻫِﺬهِ اﻟﺸ‬
َٰ 17. ‫ﻫِﺬهِ ِﻣْﻦ ِﻋﻨِﺪَك‬ 18. ِ ‫ﻫِﺬهِ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ا‬
‫ﷲ‬

31
 ٌ ْ ٌَُْ
Jumlah Ismiyyah ‫ﻴﺔ‬B‫ﺟﻠﺔ ِإﺳِﻤ‬

Finding the Invisible IS:

1) Independent pronouns are usually followed by “IS”

ََ
‫ أﻧﺎ ُﻣْﺴِﻠٌﻢ‬I am a Muslim.

2) Pointer word followed by other than ‫ال‬.

ٌ ْ‫ َﻫَﺬا َﻧﻴ‬This is a house

‫ﺖ‬

3) Harf of nasb and its ism is usually followed by “IS”

َ ْ َ ِّ ُ َ َ َ B
‫ٍء ﻗِﺪﻳٌْﺮ‬n ‫ إِن اﷲ ﻟ ﻛ‬Indeed, Allah is…

4) Proper followed by common

ٌَْ َ ُ ُُ ْ
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺻِﻐﻴة‬The books are small.

5) A break in the chain

ْ ِ ‫ﺮُﺟُﻞ‬B‫ اﻟ‬The man is in the house.
‫اِر‬oB‫ﻓ ا‬

Additional examples from the Quran:

َ ْ َ َٰ ْ َْ َ ُ ْ ُ َ ُ َْ َ َ ُ َْ B
‫ﷲ‬ِ ‫ذﻟ ِﻚ ِﻣﻦ آﻳﺎِة ا‬ ‫إِن ﻳﺄﺟﻮج وﻣﺄﺟﻮج ﻣﻔِﺴﺪون ِﻓ اﻷرِض‬
ُ ْ ٌ ٌ َ ُ َ
‫ر ِّﺑﻜْﻢ‬B ‫اﻟ َُّﻖ ِﻣْﻦ‬ ‫إِﻟٰـُﻬﻜْﻢ إِﻟٰـﻪ َواِﺣﺪ‬
ً َ َ ْ َُْ َ ََ َ ْ َ َٰ
‫أﻧﺎ أﻛﺜ ِﻣﻨﻚ ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ اﻧُْﻦ َﻣْﺮﻳََﻢ‬n‫ذﻟ ِﻚ ِﻋﻴ‬
َ ْB َ B ََ َ ُّ َ َ َ
‫ﻓﻠَﻌﻠﻚ ﺑَﺎِﺧٌﻊ ﻏﻔَﺴﻚ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ رﺑﻚ‬
َ َْ ُ ْ ْ
‫أﻏُﺘْﻢ ُّﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ ِ ِ ‫اﻟ َﻤﺪ‬
‫ﷲ‬
ُ ُ ْ َُْ ُ ٌ ْ َ َ B
‫َوﻫَﻮ اﻟﻐﻔْﻮُر اﻟَﻮدْود‬ ‫إِن ﻫٰـِﺬهِ ﺗﺬِﻛَﺮة‬

32
ُ ‫ُﻫَﻮ ا‬ ُّ
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻣْﻴ ٌﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﷲ ِﻣْﻦ َوَراﺋِِﻬْﻢ‬
ُ ‫َوا‬

ْ ِ ‫اﻟِْﻔْﻌُﻞ اﻟ َْﻤﺎ‬
Past Tense &

Plural Pair Singular

ُ ُ ُ
They helped. ‫ﻫْﻢ‬ They(2) helped. ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ He helped ‫ﻫَﻮ‬

ُ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ َ‫ﻧََﺼا‬ َ‫ﻧََﺼ‬

Masculine 3rd person

ْ‫ﺼوا‬
ُ ُ
They(f) helped. ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ They (2f) helped ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ She helped. َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
َ ْ َ َ ََ َ َ ْ َ َ َ
Feminine 3rd person

‫ﻧﺼ ن‬ ‫ﻧﺼ ﺗ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼت‬

َْ َْ َ ْ‫أَﻧ‬
You all helped. ‫أﻏُﺘْﻢ‬ You (2) helped. ‫أﻏُﺘَﻤﺎ‬ You helped. ‫ﺖ‬

ْ‫ﺼُﻳﻢ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﺼُﻳَﻤﺎ ﻧ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ َ ْ َ َ
Masculine 2nd person

‫ﻧﺼت‬
B ُ ْ‫أَﻧ‬
‫ﺘ‬
َْ
‫أﻏُﺘَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
َْ
You all(f) helped You (2f) helped You helped(f). ِ ‫أﻧ‬

B‫ﺼُﻳﻦ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﺼُﻳَﻤﺎ ﻧ‬
ْ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ َ َ
Feminine 2nd person

ْ
‫ﻧﺼِت‬
َْ ََ
we helped. ‫ﻧُﻦ‬ I helped. ‫أﻧﺎ‬
َْ َ َ ُ ْ َ َ
1st Person

‫ﻧﺼ ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼت‬

33
‫?‪What is the pronoun behind each past tense‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬
‫ُْ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺘُْﻢ‬ ‫‪2.‬‬
‫َﻗ‪B‬ﻤﺎ أَْرَﺿَﻌﺖْ‬

‫َ َُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻘْﻮا‬ ‫‪4.‬‬ ‫َﺟَﻌﻠﻨَﺎ‬
‫َ ‪B‬‬ ‫َ َْ‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫ﺗَﻮ‪ْÉ‬ﺘُْﻢ‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻨَﺎ‬

‫أُْﺷﺑُﻮاْ‬ ‫ﺖ َو أَﻧْﺒَﺘَﺖْ‬ ‫َْ‪ْ B‬‬

‫ت َو َرﺑَ ْ‬ ‫اِﻫﺘ‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪8.‬‬

‫أَْﻗَﺮْرُﻳﻢْ‬ ‫َ َ ُّ ْ َ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫ﺧﺮة ‪10.‬‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫ﺧِﺴ ا‪o‬ﻏﻴﺎ واﻵ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ‪َ َ َْ ٌB‬‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬
‫ِﺗﻠﻚ أﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﺖ ‪11.‬‬ ‫‪12.‬‬ ‫َﺣ‪B‬ﻖ َﻋﻠﻴِْﻪ اﻟَﻌﺬاُب‬

‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫َوﻟﻜْﻢ ‪B‬ﻣﺎ ﻛَﺴﺒﺘُْﻢ‬ ‫‪14.‬‬
‫ﺧﺘََﺼُﻤْﻮا ِ ْ‬
‫ﻓ َرﺑِِّﻬْﻢ‬ ‫اِ‬

‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ََ‪B َ ْ B َB‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‪ُ َ َ َ B‬‬

‫˜ﻓﻦ اﻳﺒﻌﻮا ‪15.‬‬ ‫ِإذ ﺗﺒأ ا ِ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ أرادوا ‪16.‬‬

‫‪ْ َ َB‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫ََ‪َ َ B‬‬

‫اِﺗﺬت ‪17.‬‬ ‫ء ‪18.‬‬
‫ﻛﺄﻏﻤﺎ ﺧﺮ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎ ِ‬

‫َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫ُْ‬
‫‪19.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈِذا ﻳَﻄ‪B‬ﻬْﺮن‬ ‫‪20.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘُْﻢ‬

‫ُ‬ ‫َََْ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫ﻓﺒﻠﻐﻦ أﺟﻠﻬﻦ ‪21.‬‬ ‫‪22.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺎﻏﺘَﺎ‬
‫َ ‪B‬‬
‫ﻳَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮا‬ ‫إ ِّ ْ‬
‫‪َ k‬دَﻋْﻮُت َﻗْﻮ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪23.‬‬ ‫‪24.‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪25.‬‬
‫ﻟ ُْﻤ ُ ‪B‬‬
‫ﺘ‬ ‫‪26.‬‬
‫ْ ُ‬
‫َراَودت‬

‫‪34‬‬
 َ َ B ُ ْ‫ﻳَﻘﻴ‬B‫ا‬
27. ‫ﻗﺎﻻ‬ 28. ‫ﺘ‬ ِ

Attaching Pronouns to Fi’ls

Recall that pronouns attached to fi’ls are nasb because they are details.

ْ ‫ﺼ‬
To translate fi’ls with attached pronouns. Eg: ‫ﻳ‬ َ َ َ
ِ ‫ﻧ‬

1) Identify and ignore the attached pronoun: k ْ ِ is the attached pronoun.

َ َ َ‫ ﻧ‬means “he helped”.
2) Translate the fi’l by itself: ‫ﺼ‬
ْ ِ means “me”
3) Translate the attached pronoun by itself: k
ْ ‫ﺼ‬
4) Put it all together: ‫ﻳ‬ َ َ َ
ِ ‫“ ﻧ‬He helped me”

Examples:

He helped ‫ﺼ‬ َ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ He helped her ‫ﺼَﻫﺎ‬َ َ َ‫ﻧ‬

I helped ‫ت‬ُ ‫ﺼ‬ْ َ َ‫ﻧ‬ I helped him

ُْ َ َ
‫ﺼﺗُﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ‬
She helped
ْ َ َ َ
‫ﺼت‬ ‫ﻧ‬ She helped me ْ ْ‫ﺼﺗ‬
‫ﻨ‬ َ َ َ‫ﻧ‬
ِ
B ُ ‫ْﻤﻨَﺎ‬B‫َﻋﻠ‬
We taught ‫َﻋﻠْﻤﻨَﺎ‬ We taught all of you(f) ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻛ‬
B B
Both of you taught ‫ َﻋﻠْﻤﺘَُﻤﺎ‬Both of you taught both of them ‫َﻋﻠْﻤﺘَُﻤﺎُﻫَﻤﺎ‬
B َ B
All of you taught ‫ َﻋﻠْﻤﺘُْﻢ‬All of you taught us ‫َﻋﻠْﻤﺘُُﻤْﻮﻧﺎ‬
ُ َ ُ َ
They said ‫ ﻗﺎﻟْﻮا‬They said it ‫ﻗﺎﻟْﻮُه‬

Circle the attached pronoun:

1.
َ َُْْ
‫ﺘﺗﻚ‬ ‫ِاﺧ‬ 2.
ْ
‫َﺟﺎَءﻳُﻬْﻢ‬
ََُْ َ َ
3. ‫ﻓﺬﺑﻮﻫﺎ‬ 4.
َ‫أَْﻛَﺮْﻫﺘَﻨﺎ‬
َ َْ َ َ َ ْ‫َﻗﺘَﻠْﺘُُﻤْﻮُﻫﻢ‬ ُ ََْ َ ُ ُْ
5. ‫ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ 6.
ْ
7. ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎﻛﻢ‬ 8. ‫َوَﺟﺪﻳُﻤْﻮﻫْﻢ‬
ُُُْ ُ َْ ََُْْ َ َُ َ َ
9. ‫ﻗ ﻠ ﺘﻪ‬ 10. ‫ﻦ‬B‫آﺗﻴﺘُُﻤْﻮﻫ‬ 11. ‫أﻛﺒﻧﻪ‬
ْ
12. ‫ﻢ‬ï‫ﻧﺼ‬

35
Translate based on the English clues
َ َ ْ َ ْ َ (to destroy)
1. ‫أﻫﻠﻜﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
ُ
2. ‫( َﺟﺎَءﻫْﻢ‬to come)
3.
ُ
‫ﺖ َﻣَﻮاِزﻳْﻨُﻪ‬ ْ َ‫( َﻋُﻘﻠ‬to become heavy)
ُ BB
4. ‫( َﻣﻜﻨﺎﻛْﻢ‬to settle someone/something)
َ
5. ‫( َﻣﺎ َﻣﻨََﻌﻚ‬to forbid)
َ
ْ‫( أْﻏَﻮﻳْﺘَﻨ‬to put in error)
6.
ِ
َ َ
7. ‫( ﺗﺒَِﻌﻚ‬to follow)
ُ B َ َ
8. ‫( ﻓَﻮْﺳَﻮَس ﻟُﻬَﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻴَْﻄﺎن‬to whisper evil suggestions)
َ
9. ‫( َوﻗﺎَﺳَﻤُﻬَﻤﺎ‬to swear to someone)
َ َ َ B َ َ (to taste)
10. ‫ذاﻗﺎ اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‬

َ َ َُْ ََْ َ
11. ‫ﻇﻠﻤﻨﺎ أﻏﻔﺴﻨﺎ‬ (to wrong)

B َ ْ َ ّ ْ ُ ْ َ َ َ َ َ ْ َ (to expel)
12. ‫ﺔ‬ ِ ‫أﺧﺮج أﺑﻮﻳﻜﻢ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ‬
ً َ َ ََُْ َ َ
13. ‫ﺣﺸﺔ‬ ِ ‫ِذا ﻓﻌﻠﻮا ﻓﺎ‬+‫( و‬to do)
ْ ْ َّْ َََ
14. ‫ﻂ‬ ِ ‫ ِﺑﺎﻟِﻘﺴ‬ëِ‫( أﻣﺮ ر‬to command)
ََْ َ َ ْ َ
15. ‫ﷲ‬ِ ‫ﺮم ِزﻳﻨﺔ ا‬B‫( ﻣﻦ ﺣ‬to make illegal/forbid)
ْ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ
16. ‫( ﺟﺎء أﺟﻠﻬﻢ‬to come)

َْ َ ْ َُْ َ ْ َ َ َ
17. ‫˜ﻓﻦ ﻛﺬﺑﻮا ِﺑﺂﻳﺎِﺗﻨﺎ واﺳﺘﻜﺒوا ﻗﻨﻬﺎ‬
ُ B َ َ ْ ِ B ‫َوا‬
(To be arrogant) (to deny)

36
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronouns.
ُ ََ َ
1. ‫ﺧﻠﻘﻜْﻢ‬ ___________ created ___________.
ُ ْ
2. ‫ِﺟﺌﺘُﻜْﻢ‬ __________ came to __________.
ْ
3. ‫ﻌﺘَُﻬْﻢ‬B‫َﻣﺘ‬ _________ provided comforts for ____________.
ْ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ُ َْ َ َ
4. ‫ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ‬ _________ made ____________.
ْ
5. ‫َوَﺟﺎَءﻳُﻬْﻢ‬ and ___________ came to ___________.
َ ْ َ َ
6. ‫ﺠَﻌﻠﻨَﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ Then __________ made ___________.
7.
ُ‫َﻗَﻘﻠُْﻮه‬
__________ understood ____________.
َ َُ َ َ
8. ‫ﺑْﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺬ‬ Then ___________ slaughtered _____________.
ْ
9. ‫ﺴﺘُﻬْﻢ‬B‫َﻣ‬ ___________ touched _____________.
ْ ُ ََْ
10. ‫آﺗﻴﻨﺎﻛﻢ‬ ___________ gave _____________.
َ َ َ
11. ‫ﻇﻠُﻤْﻮﻧﺎ‬ __________ wronged ____________.
ْ ُ ْ َ َ ََ
12. ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺗﻜﻢ‬ ___________ seized _____________.
13.
ُ
‫ﻧﻴْﻨَﺎﻛْﻢ‬ Bَ
__________ rescued ____________.
ْ ُ ُْ B َ
14. ‫ﻓﻀﻠﺘﻜﻢ‬ _________ favored ______________.
َ ُ َ َ ْ ََ
15. ‫ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻬﻤﺎ‬ __________ expelled __________________.
ََْB َ
16. ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻨﺎ‬ ___________ taught ____________.
17. ‫َﻋَﺮَﺿُﻬْﻢ‬ ______________ brought before _____________.
ْ ُ َََْ
18. ‫ﻧﻌﺜﻨﺎﻫﻢ‬ _____________ raised ______________.

37
 َ َ ْ َْ َ
19. ‫أﻛﺮﻫﺘﻨﺎ‬ ____________ forced _____________.
َْ َََُ
20. ‫ﻓﻌﻘﺮوﻫﺎ‬ ____________ hamstrung _____________.
ْ ُ ُْ َ ََْ
21. ‫ﻓﺄﻧﺬرﺗﻜﻢ‬ ____________ warned _________________.
ُ َ ْ ََْ
22. ‫أﻧﺰﺠﺎه‬ ___________ sent ___________ down.
ْ ُ َْ ََ
23. ‫أﻃﻌﻨﻜﻢ‬ _____________ obey _____________.
ُ ََ ْ
24. ‫أﺧﺘه‬ ____________ made ____________ immortal.
َ َ َ
25. ‫ﺠَﻌﻠُﻬْﻢ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ _____________ made ________________.
َ َ ْ َ ْ َ
26. ‫أﻗﻄﻴﻨﺎك‬ ____________ gave ______________.
ُ َْ
27. ‫ﻦ‬B‫آﺗﻴﺘُُﻤْﻮﻫ‬ ___________ gave _______________.
B ُُُْْ َ
28. ‫ﻛﺮﻫﺘﻤﻮﻫﻦ‬
ِ ____________ hated ________________.
ْ ُ ْ ََُُْ
29. ‫ﻗﺘﻠﺘﻤﻮﻫﻢ‬ ______________ killed ________________.
ْ َُ َ َ
30. ‫ﻢ‬ï‫ﻧﺼ‬ __________ helped ____________.
ََBَََ
31. ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ __________ accepted ____________.
َ َ َ ََْ
32. ‫وأﻧﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ and ___________ caused __________ to grow.
B
33. ‫ك‬ ِ ‫َﻃﻬَﺮ‬ ___________ purified ___________.
ُ ْ
34. ‫ِﺟﺌﺘُﻜْﻢ‬ __________ came to ____________.
َ ُْB َ
35. ‫ﻛﺬﺑﻮك‬ ___________ lied against _____________.

38
 ُ َ ْ ُْ ْ
Present Tense ‫اﻟِﻔﻌﻞ اﻟُﻤﻀﺎِرع‬

Plural Pair Singular

ُ ُ ُ
‫ﻫْﻢ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫَﻮ‬
َ ْ ُ ُ َْ َْ ُ‫َﻓْﻨُﺼ‬
They help. They (2) help. He helps.

ُ
Masculine 3rd person

َ
‫ﻓﻨﺼاِن ﻓﻨﺼون‬
ُ ُ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻫَﻤﺎ‬ َ ِ
‫ﻫ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ
They(f) help. They (2f) help She helps.

ُ َْ ُ‫َﻳْﻨُﺼ‬
Feminine 3rd person

َ
‫ﻳﻨﺼاِن ﻓﻨﺼن‬
َْ َْ َ ْ‫أَﻧ‬
You all help. ‫أﻏُﺘْﻢ‬ You (2) help. ‫أﻏُﺘَﻤﺎ‬ You help. ‫ﺖ‬
َ ْ ُ ُ َْ ُ َْ ُ‫َﻳْﻨُﺼ‬
Masculine 2nd person

َ
‫ﻳﻨﺼاِن ﻳﻨﺼون‬
B‫أَﻧُْﺘ‬ َ‫أَﻏُْﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
َْ
You all(f) help You (2f) help You help(f). ِ ‫أﻧ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ ُ َْ َْ ُ َْ
Feminine 2nd person

َ
‫ﺼﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺼاِن ﻳﻨﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬
ِ
َْ
ُ‫ﻧﻦ‬ ََ
َ
We help. ‫أﻧﺎ‬
ْ
I help.

ُ‫ﻏﻨُﺼ‬ْ َ ُ‫أﻧُﺼ‬
1st Person

39
Present Tense Tips
ُ َ ُ َ ُ َ
Remember a present tense will start with a ‫ن ن أ أ ت ت َي ُي‬.

Below are the present tense tips, along with two example words and
translation.
ّ ُ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ُ
he teaches ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ he helps ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ُي = ﻫَﻮ‬/‫َي‬
ّ ُ َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ُ
they(2,m) teach ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬ they(2,m) help ‫ﺼاِن‬ (m) ‫ اِن = ﻫَﻤﺎ‬+ ‫ُي‬/‫َي‬
َ ّ ُ َ ُ ُ َْ ُ َ
they(pl,m) teach ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ they(pl,m) help ‫ﺼْون‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ‫ ْون = ﻫْﻢ‬+ ‫ُي‬/‫َي‬
ّ ُ َ ْ ُ َْ
they(pl,f) teach ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠْﻤَﻦ‬ they(pl,f) help ‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ُ َ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ْن = ﻫ‬+ ‫ُي‬/‫َي‬
ّ ُ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
she teaches ‫ﻳَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ she helps ‫ﺼ‬ َ‫ أَﻧْﺖ‬or ‫ﻫ‬ ُ َ
َ ِ =‫ت‬
ّ ُ /‫ت‬
you(m,s) teach ‫ﻳَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ you(m,s) help ‫ﺼ‬ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
ّ ُ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
they(2,f) teach ‫ﻳَﻌِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬ they(2,f) help ‫ﺼاِن‬ َْ ُ ُ َ
َُّ ‫ أﻏُﺘَﻤﺎ‬or (f)‫ اِن = ﻫَﻤﺎ‬+ ‫ت‬/‫ت‬
you(2) teach ‫ﻳﻌِﻠﻤﺎِن‬ َ you(2) help ‫ﺼاِن‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
َ ّ ُ َ ْ ُ ُ َْ ْ‫ ْوَن = أَﻏُْﺘﻢ‬+ ‫ت‬
‫ﻳَﻌِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬
ُ َ
you(pl,m) teach you(pl,m) help ‫ﻳﻨﺼون‬ /‫ت‬
َ ْ ‫ُﻳَﻌﻠّﻤ‬ ُ َْ َْ َ ْ ُ َ
you(f,s) teach ‫ﻴ‬ ِِ you(f,s) help ‫ﺼﻳَْﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ ﻓﻦ = أﻧ‬+ ‫ت‬/‫ت‬
ّ ُ َ ْ ُ َْ B ُ ْ‫ َْن = أَﻧ‬+ ‫ت‬
‫ﻳَﻌِﻠْﻤَﻦ‬
ُ َ
you(pl,f) teach you(pl,f) help ‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ /‫ت‬

I teach ُ‫أَُﻋِﻠّﻢ‬ I help ُ‫أَﻧُْﺼ‬ ََ ُ َ

‫أ = أﻧﺎ‬/‫أ‬
ّ ُ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻏﻨ‬ َْ ُ َ
we teach ‫ﻏَﻌِﻠُﻢ‬ we help ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ن = ﻧُﻦ‬/‫ن‬

40
Translate based on the English clues
َ B ََ ً َ
1. ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺬﻛُﺮْون‬B ‫ ﻗِﻠﻴْﻼ‬to remember
َ ُْ َْ َ َ to wrong/do
2. ‫ﻠﻤﻮن‬ ِ ‫ِﺑﺂﻳﺎِﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﻈ‬ injustice
َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ َ ْ َ to live and to die
3. ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻤﻮﺗﻮن‬ ِ‫و‬
َ ْ َ َ ُ Bَََ
4. ‫ﺄ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ï‫ أﺗﻮ‬to lean
ُْ ََُ
5. ‫ ﻓﺘﻘﻮل‬to say

ُB َ ََ ُBََ
6. ‫ ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﻓﺘﺬﻛﺮ‬to take a reminder

ُ ََ َB
7. ‫ِإﻏﻨﺎ ﻧﺎف‬ to fear

8. ‫ن‬
َْ ُ
ِ ‫ ﻳِﺮﻳﺪا‬to want
َ َْ
9. ‫ن‬ ِ ‫ ﻳِﺼﻔﺎ‬to put together
ْ ‫ﻓ َﻣَﺴﺎﻛﻨ‬
10. ‫ﻬﻢ‬
ْ ِ ‫ َﻓْﻤُﺸْﻮَن‬to walk
ِِِ
َ ْ ُ ْ ُ َ to say
11. ‫ﻓﻘﻮﻟﻮن‬

َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ َ to know
12. ‫ﻓﺴﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮن‬

ًْ َ َ ْ َُُْ َ
13. ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻘﻮن ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬to create

14. ‫ت‬
َ ْ ُ ّ َ ُ َ َٰ َ
ِ ‫ ﻛﺬﻟ ِﻚ ﻏﻔِﺼﻞ اﻵﻳﺎ‬to explain
َ ْ Bَََ
15. ‫ ﻳﺘﺑﺼﻦ‬to wait
ّ ُ
16. ‫ ﻓَﻌِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬to teach
َ ُ ْ ‫ُﻤْﻮَن‬B‫ َﻓﻴَﺘََﻌﻠ‬to learn
17. ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ِ

41
 Present tense and pronouns. Translate based on the English cues
َ َ َْ
1. ‫ﻳﺄِﻳﻴﺎﻧِﻬﺎ‬
ْ ُ َُْ َُ
2. ‫ ﻓﻘﺎِﺗﻠﻮﻧﻜﻢ‬fight
to commit

ْ ُ ُ َ to advise َ ُ ُْ
3. ‫ﻳِﻌﻈﻜﻢ‬ 4. ‫ﺠﺒﻚ‬ ِ ‫ ﻓﻌ‬to impress
ْ
ُُ ُ َ
5. ‫ ﺗﺄﺧﺬه‬to take
ْ ُ َ ْ ُ ْ َ to want
6. ‫ﻓﺒﻐﻮﻧﻜﻢ‬

َ َ َُْ ْ َ َ ُ َْ
7. ‫ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻚ‬ ask 8. ‫ ﻳﻠِﻤﺰك‬to criticize

ُُ َُ
9. ‫ ﻳﺎِوره‬converse with
ْ ُ ُ ْ َ‫ أ‬to carry
10. ‫ﺣﻠﻜﻢ‬ ِ
َُْ ُ ُ َْ
11. ‫ﻓﻨﺼوﻧﻪ‬ to help
ْ ََُُْ
12. ‫ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ‬to know

َُ ُ Bََ ْ
13. ‫ﺨﺬْوﻧﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﺘﺘ‬ to take 14. ‫ﻳُِﺼﻴﺒُُﻬْﻢ‬ to afflict

ُ َ ُ ْ
15. ‫ ﻳَُﺆاِﺧﺬُﻫْﻢ‬to hold 16. ‫ﻳ َْﺴﺘَﺄِذﻧﻚ‬ to seek
accountable permission from
َ
ُ ُ ْ‫ ﻧ‬to gather ُ ْ
17. ‫ﺸُه‬ 18. ‫ﻳُﺪِﺧﻠُﻬْﻢ‬ to place in

‫ﻨ‬ْ ُ‫َﻳُْﺰﻧ‬ ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ُ ‫َﺳﻨُﻄﻴُْﻌ‬

ِ
19. ِ to sadden 20. obey

َ ّ ُ ُّ ْ ْ
21. ‫ﻓَﻌِﻠُﻤﻚ‬ to teach 22. ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ï‫ ﻳُﺪِر‬reach
ُُ ْ َ َُ
23. ‫ﻦ‬B‫ﻳَﺄﻛﻠُﻬ‬ to eat 24. ‫ﻳ َْﺴﺄﻟﻚ‬ to ask

ُ ُ‫أُﻧَﺒّﺌ‬
‫ﻜْﻢ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ْ َ‫ﺗُْﺆُذْوﻧ‬
25. ِ to inform 26. ِ to harm

ُ ِّ َ‫ﻳُﺒ‬ ُْ
27. ‫ﺸِك‬ to give good
28. ‫ﻳﻨِﺬُرُﻫْﻢ‬ to warn
news

‫ﻛْﻢ‬ُ ‫ُﻳَ ّﺬُر‬ ُ ُ‫ﻳُﻤﻴْﺘ‬

‫ﻜْﻢ‬
29. ِ to warn 30. ِ to cause to die

َ ُ ُ ُ َ‫ﻳ َُﺴْﻮُﻣْﻮﻧ‬
31. ‫ﺗَ ِّﺪﺛْﻮﻏُﻬْﻢ‬ to inform 32. ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ to afflict

ُ ‫ﻳَﺄ ُْﻣُﺮ‬
33. ‫ﻀُﻫْﻢ‬
ُّ ُ َ‫ﻳ‬ to harm 34. ‫ﻛْﻢ‬ to command

َ ُ َ ُ ُ
35. ‫ﻳﺒُّْﻮﻏُﻬْﻢ‬
ِ to love 36. ‫ﻳَِّﺮﻓْﻮﻧُﻪ‬ to distort

َ ُ ُْ ُ َ‫ُﻳَﺎُّﺟْﻮﻧ‬
37. ‫ﻓﻨِﻔﻘْﻮﻏَﻬﺎ‬ to spend 38. ‫ﻜْﻢ‬ argue

42
Inside Doer vs. Outside Doer
If the doer of the fi’l is a pronoun, then it is an inside doer. Eg: I wrote. ‫ﺖ‬ُ ْ‫َﻛﺘَﺒ‬
ٌ َُ َ َ َ
If the doer is NOT a pronoun, it is an outside doer. Muhammed wrote. ‫ﻤﺪ‬B‫ﺐ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺘ‬

Rules for the Outside Doer:

The outside doer must be:
ْ
• After the ‫( ِﻓﻌﻞ‬doesn’t have to be directly after)
ْ
• In ‫ َرﻓﻊ‬status
ْ ُ
The ‫ ِﻓﻌﻞ‬should be in the ‫ ﻫَﻮ‬or ‫ﻫ‬
َ ِ form ONLY.

Examples:
A Muslim said.
َ َ
‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﺴِﻠٌﻢ‬ A Muslim woman said.
ٌ
‫ﺖ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺔ‬ ْ َ‫ﻗَﺎﻟ‬

Two Muslims said. ‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎِن‬

َ َ
Two Muslim women said. ‫ﺖ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤَﺘﺎِن‬ ْ َ‫ﻗَﺎﻟ‬

Muslims said.
َ
‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﺴِﻠُﻤْﻮن‬
َ َ
Muslims(f) said.
ٌ
‫ﺖ ُﻣْﺴِﻠَﻤﺎت‬ ْ َ‫ﻗَﺎﻟ‬

َ
What is the doer (‫)ﻓﺎِﻋﻞ‬, if any, in the following sentences? The fi’l is highlighted.
َْ َْ ُ B َ َ َ َ ُ ُ
1. ‫ﺗُﺮُج ِﻣْﻦ أﻓَﻮاِﻫِﻬْﻢ‬ 2. ‫َودﺧﻞ َﺟﻨَﺘﻪ‬ 3. ‫َﺳَﻴﻘْﻮل اﻟُّﺴﻔَﻬﺎُء‬
َ َ َُ َْ َ َ َ
4. ‫ﻧُﻦ ﻏﻘُّﺺ َﻋﻠْﻴﻚ‬ 5. n‫ﻗﺎل ُﻣْﻮ‬ 6. ‫ﷲ ﻳُِﺮﻳُْﺪ‬
ُ ‫َوا‬
ُ ُ َ ُ ْ ُّ ْ ْ ُ ‫ﻳُﺮﻳُْﺪ ا‬
7. ‫ﻗﺎﻟْﻮا َرُّﺑﻜْﻢ‬ 8. ‫ﻜُﻢ اﻟَﻤْﻮت‬ï‫ﻳُﺪِر‬ 9. ‫ﷲ‬ ِ
ُ ‫َﻣﺎ َﺷﺎَء ا‬ َ َ َ َ َ َ ُ ْ ُ ُ َْ
10. ‫ﷲ‬ 11. ‫ﻛْﻴﻒ ﻓَﻌﻞ َرُّﺑﻚ‬ 12. ‫ﺤْﻮن‬ ‫ﻧﻦ ﻣﺼِﻠ‬
َ‫ﻈﺎﻟﻤْﻴ‬B‫أَْﻗَﺘْﺪﻧَﺎ ﻟﻠ‬ َْْ
‫ﷲ َواﻟﻔﺘُﺢ‬ ُ ْ َ‫إَذا َﺟﺎَء ﻧ‬ ُ ّ ْ َ َ ََ
‫ﺖ ِﺗَﺎَرﻳُﻬْﻢ‬
13. ِِ ِ 14. ِ ‫ﺼا‬ ِ 15. ‫ﻓﻤﺎ رِﺑ‬
َ‫ﺳادُﻗﻬﺎ‬ َ ُ ‫أََﺣﺎَط ﺑﻬْﻢ‬ kْ ‫َﺳَﺘﺠُﺪ‬ َ‫اْﺳَﺘْﻄَﻌَﻤﺎ أَْﻫَﻠﻬﺎ‬
16. ِ ِِ 17. ِ ِ 18. ِ
ْ ْ ْ َ ََُْْ ْ ّ ‫َﺟﺎَء َوْﻋُﺪ َر‬ ْ B
‫َﺿﻞ َﺳﻌُﻴُﻬْﻢ‬
19. ‫ﻓ اﻛَﺤِﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻤﻮن‬ 20. ë ِ 21.
َْ َْ ْ َ َ
22.
َ
‫ﻫْﻢ ﻳَﺴُﺒْﻮن‬
َْ ُ 23. ‫ﻤ‬ ٰ َ ‫َﺟﺎَءهُ اﻷْﻗ‬ 24. ‫ﺖ ﻏﻔٌﺲ‬ ‫ﻋِﻠﻤ‬

43
 ْ
Making Present Tense Light (‫)َﻣﻨُﺼْﻮب‬

To make the present tense light:

ُ B ُ ْ‫ أَﻧ‬versions do not change.
1) The ‫ﻦ‬B‫ ﻫ‬and ‫ﺘ‬

2) If the present tense ends in a ◌

ُ then change the ◌
ُ to a ◌َ.
3) If the present tense ends in a ‫ ن‬then remove the ‫ن‬.

Light Present Tense Chart

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬

َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼ‬

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬

َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼْي‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻏﻨ‬ َ‫أَﻧ ُْﺼ‬

44
 َ ْ ُ ْ
B ‫ﻟ ُُﺮْوُف ا‬
Light Harfs for Present Tense ‫ﺠﺎِﺻﺒَﺔ ﻟ ِﻠُﻤﻀﺎِرِع‬ ‫ا‬

The following harfs make the present tense light

Word Meaning/Notes
ْ َ to
‫أن‬ Used as a connector. Eg: I want to read.
ْ‫ﻟَﻦ‬ will not

ْ َ ‫ِﻟ‬
so that
‫ﻜ‬ َ
ْ َ ‫ِل ﻛْ ِﻟ‬
This word has three forms: ‫ﻜ‬
ْ َ ً
‫ِإذا ِإذن‬ in that case

kB‫َﺣ‬ until

Examples of light harf in the Quran

Indeed, Allah is not timid to present any B‫ﻀَب َﻣﺜًَﻼ ﻣﺎ‬ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ْ َ َْ َ َ B
example ِ ‫ِإن اﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤ ِﻴ أن ﻳ‬
Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter ً َ ََ ْ َُ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ َُْ َ B
a cow. ‫ِإن اﷲ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻛﻢ أن ﺗﺬﺑﻮا ﻧﻘﺮة‬
We will not associate anyone with our ً‫َوﻟَْﻦ ﻧ ُّْﺸَك ﺑَﺮﺑّﻨَﺎ أََﺣﺪا‬
Master. ِ ِ ِ
So that we may exalt You much ً ْ ‫ﻚ َﻛﺜ‬ َ َ ّ َُ َْ
‫ﻴا‬ ِ ‫ﻛ ﻧﺴﺒِﺤ‬
So that he may be to the nations a ً‫ﻴ ﻧَِﺬﻳْﺮا‬ َ ْ ‫ﻜْﻮَن ﻟﻠَْﻌﺎﻟ َﻤ‬
ُ َ
Éِ
warner ِ ِ
ُ َ َُ B َ
‫ﺮُﺳْﻮل‬B‫ ﻓﻘْﻮل اﻟ‬kٰ ‫ﺣ‬
Until the Messenger says

ْ ٰB َ َ ْ ُْ ْ ُ َْ ََ
‫ﻦ‬B‫ ﻳُﺆِﻣ‬k
And do not marry polytheistic women
until they believe ‫ِت ﺣ‬5‫ﺸ‬
ِ ‫ﻜﺤﻮا اﻟﻤ‬ ِ ‫وﻻ ﻳﻨ‬

45
 َْ
Making Present Tense Lightest (‫)ﻣُﺰْوم‬

To make the present tense lightest:

ُ B ُ ْ ‫ َأﻧ‬versions do not change.

1) The ‫ﻦ‬B‫ ﻫ‬and ‫ﺘ‬

2) If the present tense ends in a ◌

ُ then change the ◌
ُ to a ◌۟.
3) If the present tense ends in a ‫ ن‬then remove the ‫ن‬.

Lightest Present Tense Chart

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬َ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬ ْ ُ ْ‫َﻓﻨ‬

‫ﺼ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ْ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻓﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼ‬

‫ﺼْوا‬ ُ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ْ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬

َ ْ ُ َْ َ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬ ُ ْ‫َﻳﻨ‬
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺼا‬ ‫ﺼْي‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬ْ ُ ْ‫َﻏﻨ‬ ْ‫أَﻧ ُْﺼ‬

46
 َ ُْ َُ َ ُ ُ ُْ
ِ
Lightest Harfs for Present Tense ‫اﻟﺮوف اﻟﺎِزﻣﺔ ﻟ ِﻠﻤﻀﺎِرع‬

The following harfs make the present tense lightest

Word Meaning/Notes
ْ if
‫ِإن‬ Can be used with past and present tense.
َ
‫ﻟْﻢ‬
did not.
Only used with present tense, pushes meaning to past tense

B‫ﻟ َﻤﺎ‬
not yet.
If used with present tense it means “not yet”
If used with past tense it means “when”

‫ِل‬ should

Examples of lightest harf in the Quran

َ ُّ ُ ََ ْ َ B
‫ِإﻧﻚ ِإن ﺗﺬْرﻫْﻢ ﻳُِﻀﻠْﻮا ِﻋﺒَﺎدَك‬
Indeed, if You leave them, (then) they
will mislead Your servants
َ َ َْ
All of you didn’t find a scribe ‫ﺗُﺪْوا ﻛِﺗﺒًﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻟﻢ‬
َ ُ ُ B ْ
‫ﻤﺎ ﻳَﺬْوﻗْﻮا َﻋﺬاِب‬B‫ﺑَﻞ ﻟ‬
Rather, they have not yet tasted My
punishment

َ ْ ُ ُ َْ ْ ُ B َ َ ْ ْ ُ ْ ُْ َ ْ ْ ُْ َ ْ َْ َ
Then (as a result) they should respond to
Me and they should believe in Me that ‫ ﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﺷﺪون‬8ِ ‫ﺆِﻣﻨﻮا‬É‫ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺘِﺠﻴﺒﻮا ِﻟ و‬
they may be [rightly] guided.

47
‫)‪Determine if the present tense is Normal(N), Light(L) or Lightest(T‬‬
‫َْ ََْْ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُْ َ َْ ً َ‬ ‫ﺗُﺮُج ِﻣْﻦ أَْﻓَﻮاﻫﻬﻢْ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﻞ ‪1.‬‬ ‫ﺪﻳﺪا ‪2.‬‬ ‫ِ‪É‬ﻨِﺬر ﺑﺄﺳﺎ ﺷ ِ‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫َََْ‬ ‫َ ُ ُّ َ َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ ‪ْB‬‬
‫ِﺠﻌﻠﻢ ‪4.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ‪5.‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫ﻟْﻦ ﻧﺪُﻋَﻮ‬
‫َْ َ ُُ ْ ََْ ً‬ ‫ُﻏَﻘ ّ ُ ُ ْ‬
‫ﻠﺒﻬﻢ ‪8.‬‬ ‫ِ‪َÉ‬ﺘَﺴﺎَءﻟْﻮا‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺒﻬﻢ أﻓﻘﺎﻇﺎ ‪7.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪9.‬‬

‫َ ََْ َ ‪ْ B‬‬ ‫ْ َ ْ َُ ْ َ َْ ُ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ُْ‬

‫و‪É‬ﺘﻠﻄﻒ ‪10.‬‬ ‫ِإن ﻓﻈﻬﺮوا ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ‪11.‬‬ ‫ﻠﺤﻮا ‪12.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﻳﻔ ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ ََ‬ ‫ﺸك ‪14.‬‬
‫َوَﻻ ﻳ ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻐﻴﺜﻮا ‪15.‬‬
‫َو‪ْ+‬ن ﻳ َْﺴﺘَ ْ ُ ْ‬
‫أن ﻳﺸﺎء اﷲ ‪13.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ َﻛ‪B‬ﻔﻴْ‬ ‫ُﻓَﻘﻠّ ُ‬ ‫َُ ُّ َْ َ‬ ‫َﻓﻠَْﻢ ُﻏَﻐﺎ ْ‬
‫ﻪ ‪16.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎل ‪17.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴِﻴ ا ِ‬ ‫در ‪18.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َ‪َْ َ B‬‬ ‫َ ‪ُْ ُB َْ َُ B‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َْ َُ ّ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻢ اﷲ ‪19.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻠ ِ‬ ‫‪ k‬ﻓﻘﻮل اﻟﺮﺳﻮل ‪20.‬‬ ‫ﺣ ٰ‬ ‫ﻛ ﻧﺴﺒِﺤﻚ ﻛﺜِﻴا ‪21.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻮا ‪22.‬‬
‫ﻟ َْﻢ ﻳُْﺆ ِ ُ ْ‬ ‫ﻳﺪوا ‪23.‬‬
‫ﻟَْﻦ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِﻛﻐﺮق ‪24.‬‬
‫ُْ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺗﺪ ‪25.‬‬
‫َﻓﻠَْﻦ َ َ‬ ‫َ ‪َُْ ٰB‬‬
‫‪ k‬أﺑﻠﻎ ‪26.‬‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻨ ‪27.‬‬
‫َوَﻻ ﺗُْﺮِﻫْﻘ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ََُْْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‪َ ُ B‬‬ ‫َ ْ َ ُ ْ ُْ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ‪28.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻞ أﺗﺒِﻌﻚ ‪29.‬‬ ‫أن ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮا ‪30.‬‬

‫ْ‬ ‫‪ُ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ ْ َ َ ْ ُ َ َ َ َ 32. k‬‬ ‫َﺳﺘَﺠُﺪ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻟ ﻗﻮٍم ‪33.‬‬

‫َﻳْﻄﻠُُﻊ َ َ ٰ َ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎزﻋﻮن ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ أﻣﺮﻫﻢ ‪31.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ََ َْ ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َََْ‬
‫َﻓﻠَْﻦ ﺗ َْﺴﺘَ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻄﻴﻊ ‪34.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪35.‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺗﺴﺄﻟ ِ‬ ‫أن ﺗﻌﻞ ‪36.‬‬

‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ ‪َ َ َ ْ ُ ٰB‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ‬
‫ﺠﻴﺒﻮا ‪37.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺪث ﻟﻚ ‪38.‬‬ ‫ﺣ‪ k‬أﺣ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻓﻈﻬﺮوه ‪39.‬‬

‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ََْ َ َ َ ُ َّ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََْْ َ ْ َ َ ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ َ ُّ ُْ‬

‫أن ﻳﻨﻔﺪ ﻛِﻤﺎت ر‪40. ë‬‬ ‫ﻟﺎ ‪41.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﻤﻼ ﺻﺎ ِ‬ ‫أن ﻳﻀﻴِﻔﻮﻫﻤﺎ ‪42.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ُْ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ْ ُْ َ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ‪43.‬‬ ‫أن أ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻘﻬﻤﺎ ‪44.‬‬ ‫أن ﻳﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺪﻟﻬﻤﺎ رﺑﻬﻤﺎ ‪45.‬‬ ‫أن ﻓﺒ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ ََُْ َ ُ ‪ُ B‬‬ ‫ََ ْ َُ ْ‬ ‫َ َ َْ َُ ُُّ‬
‫أن ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺎ أﺷﺪﻫﻤﺎ ‪46.‬‬ ‫أﻟﻢ أﻗﻞ ‪47.‬‬ ‫ﺬﺑﻪ ‪48.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻮف ﻏﻌ ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ ََُْ‬ ‫َُْ ُ ْ َْ‬ ‫َ َْ ُُ ْ َ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻞ ﻧﻌﻞ ‪49.‬‬ ‫ﺾ ‪50.‬‬ ‫ﻓ ﻧﻌ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻮج ِ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺸﻜﺮون ‪51.‬‬

‫‪B‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ َْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻜﻠ‪ُB‬ﻒ َﻏْﻔ ٌ‬ ‫َ ُ َ‬ ‫َُ ْ‬

‫ﻜﺤﻦ أزواﺟﻬﻦ ‪52.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪53.‬‬ ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﻻﺗ‬ ‫‪54.‬‬ ‫ﻏﻘﺎِﺗﻞ‬
‫َ‪َ َ ُ B‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫َْ ُُ َْ َ‬ ‫َ َْ ُ ُ ُ ٌَ‬
‫أﻻ ﻏﻘﺎِﺗﻞ ‪55.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﻤﻼﺋِﻜﺔ ‪56.‬‬ ‫ﺗِ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪57.‬‬‫ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬه ِ‬

‫‪48‬‬
Common Sense Observations about Commanding and Forbidding:

1) You can’t command/forbid in the past tense.

2) You can’t command yourself.
3) You can’t command/forbid someone who’s not there.
4) It’s easier to forbid than to command.
5) A grammatical command isn’t always really a command. It could be a
suggestion, motivation, permission, advice, request, imperative or sarcasm.

Forbidding
َ
‫ ﻻ‬+ lightest present tense 2nd person.

Examples:

Don’t go! (you sing. Masc)

1) 2nd person present tense. ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬

ُ َ َْ
ْ َ ْ َ
2) Make it lightest. ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
َ ْ َ َْ َ
3) Put ‫ ﻻ‬in front: !‫ﻻ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬

Additional examples:
English Command Normal Verb Lightest Verb Forbidding
َ‫ﺗَﺄُْﻛﻠْﻴ‬ ْ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻠ‬
ُ ْ ُ ْ َ
ْ‫ﻻ ﺗﺄﻛﻠ‬
Don’t eat!(you f.) ِ ِ ِ
َ B َ B َ B َ َ
Don’t learn (all of you) ‫ﻳَﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮن‬ ‫ﻳَﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮا‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳَﺘَﻌﻠُﻤْﻮا‬
َ ْ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ْ َ ْ َ
َ ْ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ َ ْ ‫ﻜُﺘ‬ ْ َ َ
Don’t write (all you fem) ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻻﺗ‬

Note: The difference between a statement and a command

ًُُ ُ ُْ َ َ
Statement/Observation: ‫“ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺒﺎ‬You don’t write books.”
ًُُ ْ ُْ َ َ
Forbidding: ‫“ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻛﺘﺒﺎ‬Don’t (you sing masc) write books!”

49
Commanding
Creating a command:
1) Start with the lightest 2nd person.
2) Remove the first ‫ت‬.
3) If the word can be read, leave it alone.
4) If the word can’t be read, add a helper alif.
5) Harakaat for the helper alif:
ُ
a. If the second to last letter in the ‫ ﻫَﻮ‬present tense has a ◌
ُ
then the helper alif gets a ◌
ُ .
b. Otherwise the helper alif gets a ◌ِ

Examples:
1) Go! (you masc).
Start with normal 2nd person present tense: ‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬
ُ َ ْ َ

ُ ‫ﺗَْﺬَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫ﺗَْﺬَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫ْذَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫اْذَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫اْذَﻫ‬
Make
lightest
Remove
first ‫ت‬
Add helper
alif
Determine
harakah for alif ‫ﺐ‬ ِ
2) Help! (all of you fem)
ْ ‫ﻳﻨ‬ َ ُ َْ
Normal 2nd person present tense: ‫ﺼن‬
َ ْ ُ َْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬
َ ْ ُ َْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‬
َ ْ ُ ْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫ﻧ‬
َ ْ ُ ْ
‫ﺼن‬ ‫اﻧ‬ َ ْ ُ ُْ
Make
lightest
Remove
first ‫ت‬
Add helper
alif
Determine
harakah for alif ‫ﺼن‬ ‫اﻧ‬
3) Learn! (you fem)
Normal 2nd person present tense: ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠِﻤﻴ‬
َْ Bَََ

َ ْ ‫ﻠﻤ‬B‫َﻳَﺘَﻌ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﻠ‬B‫َﻳَﺘَﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﻠ‬B‫َﻳَﻌ‬
‫ﻤ‬
ِ
Make Remove
(no helper alif needed)
lightest first ‫ت‬

50
 Label each as Commanding(C), Forbidding(F) or Observation(O). Then translate.
Can you retrace the commanding and forbidding to the original fi’l?
ْ َْ َ ُ ُ َ
1. ‫ِاذﻫﺐ‬ C Go!(you masc) 2. ‫ﻻ ﻳَﺬْوﻗْﻮن‬
to go ُ ‫َﺗْﺬَﻫ‬
‫ﺐ‬ to taste

ُ ْ ّ ََ َ ُ ْ
3. ‫ﺸﻫْﻢ‬ ِ ‫ﻓﺒ‬ 4. ‫ﺑﻚ‬B‫ر‬B ‫َواذﻛْﺮ‬
to congratulate mention
ْ ُ َ ْ ُ َ
5. ‫ﻻ ﺗِﻄﻊ‬ 6. ‫ﻻ ﻧِﻀﻴُﻊ‬
obey waste
َُ َ ُ ‫ا ُْﺳ‬
7. ‫ﻻ ﻓﻐﺎِدُر‬ 8. ‫ﺠُﺪْوا‬
leave out prostrate
َ
ُ َ
‫ﻧﺎدْوا‬ ْ ْ‫َﻓَﻼ ﺗ َْﺴﺄﻟ‬
‫ﻨ‬
9. 10. ِ
to call to ask
ْ ‫َﻻ ﺗَُﺆاِﺧْﺬ‬
k
ْ َ
‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘُﺒُْﻮُه‬
11. ِ 12.
hold accountable write
َ ْ َ َ ُ
13. ‫َواْﺳﺘﺸِﻬُﺪْوا ﺷِﻬﻴَْﺪﻳِْﻦ‬ 14. ‫ﻗْﻮﻻ‬
bring a witness say

‫ت‬ ََ B ََ ْ ُ َ ْ ُُْ
ِ ِ ‫َوﻗﻮﻣﻮا‬
15. ِ ‫ﺣﺎِﻓﻈﻮا ﻟ اﻟﺼﻠﻮا‬ 16. ‫ﷲ‬
to protect to stand
ُ َ َْ
17. ‫َوﻗﺎِﺗﻠْﻮا‬ 18. ‫ِاﻋﻠُﻤْﻮا‬
fight know
َ ََ َ ْ
19. ‫ﻻ ﺗﺎﻓﺎ‬ 20. ‫ِاْﻧَﻌﺚ‬
to be afraid to send
ّ ُ َ ُB ْ َُ َ َ‫ﺖ أَْﻗَﺪاَﻣﻨﺎ‬
ْ ّ‫ﺛَﺒ‬
21. ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ أٍف‬ 22. ِ
to say to make firm
َْ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ
23. ‫ﺼﻧﺎ‬ ‫واﻧ‬ 24. ‫ﺧﺬ‬
help to take

51
Cummulative Practice. Grammatically label the parts of these ayaat

َ ْ ََُْْ
ٰ ِ‫ﻹﻧ َْﺴﺎُن إ‬
‫ﻟ َﻃَﻌﺎِﻣِﻪ‬ ِ ‫ ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈِﺮ ا‬Then let mankind look at his food 80:24

ُ B َ َ
‫ﺼﺎﺧﺔ‬B‫ ﻓﺈِذا َﺟﺎَءِت اﻟ‬But when there comes the Deafening Blast 80:33

َ ُ ََ ُB
‫ إِﻧﻪ ﻟﻘْﻮل َرُﺳْﻮٍل ﻛِﺮﻳٍْﻢ‬Verily this is the word of a noble messenger 81:19

B ‫ن اﻟُْﻔ‬B+‫ َو‬And indeed, the wicked will be in Hellfire. 82:14

ْ ِ َ‫ﺠﺎَر ﻟ‬
‫ﻔ َﺟِﺤْﻴٍﻢ‬ ِ

ْ‫ﻢ‬Éَِ‫ﺸُﻫْﻢ ﺑَﻌَﺬاب أ‬
ْ ّ َ‫ ﻓَﺒ‬So give them tidings of a painful punishment, 84:24
ِ
ٍ ٍ ِ

ٌ ْ َ ٌ ََ ُB
‫ إِﻧﻪ ﻟﻘْﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ‬Verily, it is a conclusive word, 86:13

َ َ َ ْ ُB
‫ﻜْﻴُﺪْون ﻛْﻴًﺪا‬
ِ ‫ إِﻏﻬﻢ ﻳ‬Indeed, they are planning a plan, 86:15

ً‫ َوَأﻛْﻴُﺪ َﻛْﻴﺪا‬But I am planning a plan. 86:16

ِ

52
53