Unit 1 Basic Concepts of Politics and Governance
Lesson 1
Politics, Governance, and other Key Concepts
“Man, by nature, is a political animal” -Aristotle
 1. Political Science- deals with the study of
power in society, politics, and government.
- The dynamic character of human society and the
differences in contexts of different states that
have resulted in different views, theories, and
definitions on the concepts of politics and
governance.
 2. Democracy- a system of government by the
whole population or all the eligible members of
a state, typically through elected representatives.
(control of an organization or group by the
majority of its members).
 3. Law- the system of rules which a particular
country or community recognizes as regulating
the actions of its members and which it may
enforce by the imposition of penalties.
 4. Justice- a scheme or system law in which
every person receives his/her/ its due from the
system, including all rights, both natural and
legal.
 5. Governance- The process by which authority
is applied, by which they make the rules, and,
those rules are enforced and modified. (Goran
Hyden, 1992) governance concerns mostly the
rules of the game of political rule, and it is a
consciousness management or regime structures
with a view to enhancing the legitimacy of the
public realm.
Good Governance
 Transparent
 Accountable
 Follows rule of law
 Responsive
 Equitable and Inclusive
 Consensus and oriented
Governance is concerned with
 9. Vision- being certain why the organization
exists in the first place, its purpose, and what
difference it intends to make.
 10. Strategy- the planned means by which the
organization delivers the vision.
 11. Leadership- How the organization able to
deliver the vision overtime.
 12. Assurance- that the organization does what
it says it will do and behaves in the manner it
has agreed.
 13. Probity- that the organization meets
standards of openness and transparency, acts
with integrity and in good faith in the public
sector, taking note the Nolan principles of public
Governance
Economic Decision making processes that
affect a country’s economic
activities
Political Decision making to formulate
policy and regulation
Civil Society Cooperation among individuals
between groups of individuals.
life.
 14. Stewardship- that the organization is
responsible with resources, especially with other
people’s resources (such as credit)
Types of Governance
1. Good Governance
2. Corporate Governance
3. Environmental Governance
4. E- Governance
5. Global Governance
6. Democratic Governance
 Politics- exercise of power, making political
decisions practice of deception and
manipulation, exercise of authority, allocation of
limited resources.
- Use force to affect the behavior of another
person or group.
 Did you know?
- People who are unaware or are only party
unaware and uninformed of what is going on is
called “idiotes”
- For ancient Greeks means a person who: does
not vote, does not discuss public issues, and
does not involve himself in government affairs.
 Basic Issues in Politics
o 6. Legitimacy
- Attitude of the people about they consider in
mind that government is a rightful ruler over
them.
- Legal and Psychological right to govern.
- Compels people to believe and follow orders.
o 7. Sovereignty
- It is the right of the government to rule and the
right to a government of leadership to exist.
- The right of a leader to rule and control not only
his subjects but also the territory over which
citizens live and prosper.
o 8. Authority
- It is the power of the leader to rule and the
power to exact obedience to his people.it is
based on an acknowledge duty to obey rather
than on any form of coercion or manipulation.
- It exists when subordinates acknowledge the
right of superiors to give orders.
- Right to act rather than the power to do so.
Note: Authority relies on the obligation of the people to
obey their leaders by virtue of the legitimate power of 1. EMILIO AGUINALDO
his or her office. Effective authority requires firm, fair, 2. MANUEL L. QUEZON
and wise leadership. 3. JOSE P. LAUREL
4. OSMEÑA
Basic Concept of Politics 5. ROXAS
 17.Order 6. ELPIDIO QUIRINO
7. RAMON MAGSAYSAY
The central to the study of politics because it shows 8. GARCIA
different components of human society. 9. DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL
10. FERDINAND MARCOS SR.
 15. Power 11. CORAZON “CORY” AQUINO
12. RAMOS
The main source of reign of the government. The 13. JOSEPHESTRADA
possession to govern or rule the state. 14. GLORIA ARROYO
15. BENIGNO SIMEON AQUINO
 16. Justice 16. RODRIGO R. DUTERTE
17. FERDINAND MARCOS JR.
The process of legalizing and penalizing the abuse of
political power and power to rule.
“If the government gives what people need, protect and
respect their rights, and put common good over above
the personal interests of the leaders, then there is said to
be JUSTICE”

Value of Politics
Will help you to know your rights
Clarifies what you yourself believes
Is a living, breathing subject
Helps you to understand our nation’s parties
Prepare yourself for adult life
Why do we need to study Politics?

 To understand how political system works

 To understand the functions and role of the
government
 To develop political awareness
 To understand socio-political issues and their
implications
 To cultivate responsive citizenship and effective
participation in government.
 Origin of Politics

18. Polis- city or state

19. Polites- citizens
20. Politikos- government officials
As a concept, it is associated to the culture of
cooperation one side and differing conflict on the other
side.

Politics
Rivals Work together
Oppositions Consolidation
Competitions Integration

Prepared By: Mark Angelo M. Vargas

Subject Teacher