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DFT
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DFT & Images
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DFT & Images
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DFT & Images (cont…)
DFT
1 if D(u, v) D0
H (u, v) =
0 if D(u, v) D0
where D(u,v) is given as:
D(u, v) = [(u − M / 2) 2 + (v − N / 2) 2 ]1/ 2
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Ideal Low Pass Filter (cont…)
Result of filtering
Original with ideal low pass
image filter of radius 5
Result of filtering
Result of filtering
with ideal low pass
with ideal low pass
filter of radius 230
filter of radius 80
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Ideal Low Pass Filter (cont…)
Result of filtering
with ideal low pass
filter of radius 5
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Ideal Low Pass Filter (cont…)
Result of filtering
with ideal low pass
filter of radius 15
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Butterworth Lowpass Filters
The transfer function of a Butterworth lowpass
filter of order n with cutoff frequency at distance
D0 from the origin is defined as:
1
H (u , v) =
1 + [ D (u , v) / D0 ]2 n
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Butterworth Lowpass Filter (cont…)
Result of filtering
Original with Butterworth filter
image of order 2 and cutoff
radius 5
Result of filtering
Result of filtering with
with Butterworth
Butterworth filter of
filter of order 2 and
order 2 and cutoff
cutoff radius 230
radius 80
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Butterworth Lowpass Filter (cont…)
Original
image
Result of filtering
with Butterworth filter
of order 2 and cutoff
radius 5
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Butterworth Lowpass Filter (cont…)
Result of filtering
Original with Gaussian filter
image with cutoff radius 5
Result of filtering
Result of filtering
with Butterworth
with ideal low pass
filter of order 2
filter of radius 15
and cutoff radius
15
Result of filtering
with Gaussian
filter with cutoff
radius 15
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Lowpass Filtering Examples
A low pass Gaussian filter is used to connect
broken text
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Lowpass Filtering Examples
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Lowpass Filtering Examples (cont…)
Different lowpass Gaussian filters used to
remove blemishes in a photograph
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Lowpass Filtering Examples (cont…)
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Lowpass Filtering Examples (cont…)
Spectrum of Processed
original image image
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Sharpening in the Frequency Domain
Results of Results of
Butterworth Butterworth
high pass high pass
filtering of filtering of
order 2 with order 2 with
D0 = 15 D0 = 80
Results of Results of
Gaussian Gaussian
high pass high pass
filtering with filtering with
D0 = 15 D0 = 80
Results of ideal
high pass filtering
with D0 = 15
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Highpass Filter Comparison
Results of Butterworth
high pass filtering of order
2 with D0 = 15
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Highpass Filter Comparison
Results of Gaussian
high pass filtering with
D0 = 15
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Highpass Filter Comparison
Results of ideal
high pass filtering
with D0 = 15
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Highpass Filter Comparison
Results of Butterworth
high pass filtering of order
2 with D0 = 15
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Highpass Filter Comparison
Results of Gaussian
high pass filtering with
D0 = 15
Highpass Filtering Example
After histogram
Highpass filtering result equalisation
Original image emphasis result
54 High frequency
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Laplacian In The Frequency Domain
in the frequency
Laplacian in the
domain
frequency domain
Laplacian in the
Inverse DFT of
Zoomed section of
the image on the
left compared to
spatial filter
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Frequency Domain Laplacian Example
Original Laplacian
image filtered
image
Laplacian
Enhanced
image scaled
image
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Fast Fourier Transform
The reason that Fourier based techniques have
become so popular is the development of the
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm
Allows the Fourier transform to be carried out in
a reasonable amount of time
Reduces the amount of time required to perform
a Fourier transform by a factor of 100 – 600
times!
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Frequency Domain Filtering & Spatial
54 Domain Filtering
Similar jobs can be done in the spatial and
frequency domains
Filtering in the spatial domain can be easier to
understand
Filtering in the frequency domain can be much
faster – especially for large images