pare: NAME: cuss. err) OO Co INFORMATION Egyptian Mirror HANDOUT Goal + Read this page and complete the activity to extend your knowledge of how light rays reflect from the surfaces of mirrors. Introduction * Archimedes (287-212 B.C.E.) was a Greek mathematician and inventor. He studied and taught in Alexandria, a city in Egypt with a world famous university. While there, he discovered formulas for areas and volumes of many shapes. He also figured out how levers and pulleys work, and the rules that govern weights and volumes of objects submerged in water. ‘The Defence of Syracuse A famous legend of Archimedes’ life involves his help in the defence of his home town, Syracuse, in Sicily, when Romans came to conquer it. Historical records tell of his giant catapult that could launch rocks against the invaders” ships. It was also said that he had constructed a burning machine that could set the Roman ships on fire. Let's see how that might have worked. This diagram shows one possible way of igniting the wooden ships. Soldiers with polished shields might have stood in line around the harbour. By tilting their shields at just the right angle, each might have reflected the Sun's light onto the same ship. The total amount of sunlight hitting the ship might have set sails on fire. ‘Copyrighe © McGraw-fill Rycron Limited. Periasion to reproduce thin page is graced tothe parchusr for ute in her/his classroom on, 37SDATE: NAME: cuss: Cod - Egyptian Mirror Continued) ‘The next diagram shows a top view of the pattern of shields. The shields are like plane mirrors. Rays of light from the Sun have been drawn to show how they would reflect off several of the shields. What to Do © Imagine we made one large mirror with a reflecting surface that would replace all the individual shields in the diagrams above. Of the three types of mirrors (plane, concave, or convex), which might best focus sunlight onto a point? In the diagram below, the lines show rays of incoming sunlight. Complete the vertical dotted line that represents the single large mirror you think would reflect them back onto the ship. Place the correct label under your mirror. Then think about what you know about the angle of reflection, and use your ruler and pencil to complete the rays by drawing them to the mirror and reflecting back to the ship. rays from Sun —* rays from Sun oe 374 copyright © McGrow-1il Ryerson Lined. Pemision to reproduce hs pages grated othe parcheses forse a he? eesDATE: NAME: DESIGN YOUROWN | Solar Cooking INVESTIGATION | cuss: rn Goal + Design a solar cooking device using what you know about reflecting rays. Think About It © Many regions of Earth are without elec- tricity, Instead of using stoves and ovens, people cook over open fires. This requires wood, but in some areas trees are scarce. In sunny lands, solar cooking could pro- vide an alternative. Your task is to design a stove, oven, or other cooking device that works by sunlight. What to Do 1. Conduct some research to find out about solar cookers. You could use the Internet or print resources. Decide what you want to cook. You might want to try to fry an egg or heat some soup. Remember that the more energy you need to cook your food, the more efficient your solar cooker must be. Think about the materials you will use. What could you use for a reflective sur- face? What will you use for the outside of your cooker? 4, Draw two diagrams of your invention in the space provided. The first will show what your solar cooker will look like. Label this diagram to also show whet the cooker is made from. The other diagram will be a schematic, which shows how the cooker works. On the schematic diagram, show which parts move, what opens, and the path the Sun's rays take through your device. 5. Use your diagrams to explain to a partner how your solar cooker will work. a First, get approval from your teacher for your plans, then build and test your solar ‘cooker. Remember to use proper safety precautions when building and testing your cooker. Copyright © McGrew ll Ryerson Limi. Person to reproduce thi pee granted the prcher for sein his tawroom oni. 37HDare: NAME: cass: Ee 5. 5-5 | SCIENCE INQUIRY Template for Investigation 8-A Goal + Use these templates to complete the diagrams in Investigation 8-A: Concave Mirror Images. What to Do * Follow the instructions in your textbook to complete these diagrams showing what happens when light is reflected off curved surfaces. Part 1: Objects Far from the Mirror Part 2: Objects Near the Mirror 2. Use the space below, or a separate page, to write the answers to the Investigation questions in your textbook. 376 Coppi: © McGraw i Ryerson Limited, Pesimion to reproduce this pge i granted tothe purcmer fr we in he/his aso onyNAME: cass TEINFORCEMENT i Curved Mirrors: Images From a Distant Object Goal + Complete the diagrams to locate the images of objects in concave mirrors. a What to Do ‘© In Investigation 8-A, you found the location of the image of a bird's beak in a con- cave mirror. In this activity, find the location of the top of the tree. Then complete the image. “The first diagram has been done for you. Here are the steps to follow: |. Draw a light ray from the top of the tree to the mirror. 2. Draw a dotted line from there to C, the centre of curvature. . Draw the reflected ray from the mirror at the same angle as the angle of incidence on the other side of the normal. 4, Repeat with a second ray. The image of the top of the tree is where the reflected rays cross. 5, To complete the image, connect the top of the tree to the axis. ‘Now find the images of the tree in the other two mirrors. Coppghe © McGaw yer Lined. Perionw nepodace hi paels raced he pote for eink descoom only S77DATE: NAMB: Lass. a Dae a ( REINFORCEMENT Curved Mirrors: Images From a Distant Object (continues) | +0 * Answer the following questions, 1. In what way are the mirrors different? 2. How does the curvature of the mirror affect the location of the image? 878 Copnigh © McGraw Fi Ryerson Limited. Priston wo repredce this page i granted to the purchaser for use ix hee? classroom only.DsTE: NAME: Cora — REINFORCEMENT j ferent Mirror Surface: Lass. rE different purposes. Goal + Complete this activity to show your understanding of the kinds of mirrors used for What to Do * Identify the type of mirror (plane, convex, concave) used in each situation below. Place your answer in the spaces provided beside the titles. Bathroom Wall Mirror Purpose: To show your exact appearance. Car Headlights, Flashlights eyes Purpose: To project @ strong beam forward. Store Surveillance Mirror. Purpose: To show a wide view. Cosmetics Mirror G Purpose: To show a magnified view of parts of your face. ‘One-Way Mirror. Purpose: To see into a brightly lit room. Looks like a mirror to the people being observed. Car Passenger-Side Mirror. Bee) Purpose: To show a wide-angle view behind and beside the car. Purpose: To make visible and magnify the tooth. Reflecting Ball at a Dance Purpose: To project portions of a light hitting it in many diferent directions. Copyright © MeGevw-Hl Ryesoe Take. Permllor oegrdoe th age ranted wo the pscuser frase in berfia cron cal, 37DDATE: NAME: cass: mr REINFORCEMENT Build a Lens Goal + Complete this page to show your knowledge of how prisms can form a convex lens. What to Do © Answer the following questions. When light travels from air to glass or water, it changes direction at the boundary. This is called . (Hint: see page 226.) 2. When light travels through a rectangular prism (a block of glass, for example), light rays leave at the same angle they entered. They get shifted sideways a bit, but not very much if the prism is thin. How many times, and at what places do the light rays bend? (Hint: see page 230.) * Complete the following diagrams. 3. In this rectangular prism, what will be the 5. If you stack up the two triangular prisms path of the light ray that hits the prism with a rectangular prism in the middle, dead-on, at right angles to the surface? you get this shape. Continue all the light Draw the resulting path of the light. rays through the prisms. 4 4. Compare the direction of the original and final light ray as it travels through the first triangular prism shown on the right. Beside it is an identical inverted triangular prism. Draw the path of the light ray a . Ifyou smooth the comers of the object in Question 5, you get a convex lens. In the final diagram, draw light rays from the bulb to show how a convex lens can make through the prism and out the other side. : ‘done (Hint: look at the first prism upside-down) Se are of che bulb on the other side o bulb converlons ago of ~~ /\ ab / ? | & BBO Copyrighe © MeGraw-Hil Ryerson Limited Permission to reproduce this page i granted to the purchaser for use in hee/his elasroom only.DATE: NAME: CHAPTER & [REINFORCEMENT | Lenses and Light Goal + Complete this page to show your understanding of how lenses bend light. What to Do © Review pages 244 and 245, then answer these questions and complete the diagrams. 1, Describe a concave lens. n . Light rays when passing through a concave lens. . Describe a convex lens = Light rays____when passing through a convex lens. Sometimes people use the phrase double convex or double concave to describe a lens. They are referring to the shape of each surface. But the shape of the surfaces is not the important thing. To identify concave and convex lenses, itis the thickness of the glass in the middle compared to the thickness at the edges that counts, Clas- sify these strange-looking lenses as convex or concave. 6, Draw the paths of the light through each of the following lenses. Concave lens with small curve Concave lens with large curve Convex lens with small curve Convex lens with large curve =) Cop © NeCew i pec Lind Perininw eqeodaehi pp sum he poner ein ers cacwon only SBApare: NAME: | SCIENCE INQUIRY 1 Data Table for See For Yoursel: Goal + Use this page to record your findings for Find Out Activity: See for Yourself! What to Do 1. Answer the questions in each step of the activity in the description box. Draw dia- {grams to show what you observed in each of the four steps in the diagram box. Description Diagram 1. Shadows of comb’ teeth 2. Shadows with concave lens between comb and the table 3. Shadows with convex lens between comb and the table 4, Appearance of words on a page ina drop of water 2, Use the space below, or a separate page, to write the answers to the Activity questions in your textbook 382 copie Mecine til Reson Lined Poin epdae th pge is red oe puns stn evs sewn.DATE: NAME: cass: FENFDRCEMENT | All the Better to See You — With Goal + Complete the sentences to show your understanding of the eye and its defects. What to Do ‘* Review pages 246 and 247. Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with words from the list below. Not all words will be used, and some may be used more than once. 1. The lens in your eye is a lens, Its job is to focus the light leaving the object onto the______, the back of the eye, where there are light sensors. 2. Look at figure 8.10. Compare the light coming from nearby objects and the light from distant objects. Light rays from closer objects have to have their direction changed the _____by the lens in order to focus on the retina. 3. Compare the shape ofthe lens in exch casein Figure 8.104. To focus the light from nearby objects, the eye’s lens must be made and more This is the job of the ciliary muscles. 4, Look at Figure 8.10B. If the ciliary muscles are weak, or the eyeball is too short, then the lens cannot thicken enough to focus light from nearby objects. Such a con- dition is called____—————_. To help the eye focus the light, ¢ Iens can be used to begin converging the light rays. If the eyeball is too long, the light from distant objects focusses in front of the This condition is called . There is nothing the ‘muscles can do because they only thicken the lens, which would focus the light even farther in front of the retina. ‘To spread the light rays a little and move the focus point back, a Tens is used. Word List convex concave most least near-sightedness thicker thinner retina opticnerve _far-sightedness Copy © NG 3 yee Linn Pein we erodas hipaa pruned oe peer amin in carom ony BBBCy [ OVERHEAD MASTER | Comparing the Eye and a Camera diamond ring (object) ‘Terms for teacher reference: film/retina, diaphragm/iris, lens, focussing ring/ciliary muscle, shutter, optic nerve, aperture/pupil 384 Copyright © McGrew-HIIl Ryerson Limite. Permission to reprodocs ths page i granted wo the purchaser for use in her/his asso only.par: NAME: CLASS. SCIENCE INQUIRY | Templates for Mounting Lenses Goal + Use these templates to help make the camera in Investigation 8-B: The Camera. What to Do . Cut these templates out to use as patterns to make the parts of your camera. . For step 1 of the investigation, use the upper template to make the part that will be the screen. You will not need to cut out the circles. 2. For step 2, use the upper template and cat out the circular hole that best fits your lens. For step 3, use the bottom template and cut out the two circles. Your candle should be approximately the height of the spot in between the two holes. Fold on the lines to allow your “camera parts” to stand up. * Cop © Mim ence Led Peinn ale pg ped hep we inher arom a, 98{OVERHEAD MASTER j The Eye ‘Terms for teacher reference: optic nerve, retina, vitreous humour, ciliary muscle, lens, iris, pupil, cornea, aqueous humour 886 copyigico Ge 3 Ryesea Lind Pemion coach page go the puchse fr nhs csoparE: NAME: Lass: rae! IEEE REINFDACEMENT Chart to be Filled in by a Students Goal + Complete the activity on this page to show your knowledge of the functions of parts of the eye and a camera. What to Do * Fill in the empty boxes in this chart to compare eye and camera parts. Do not put anything in the shaded boxes. For help, review pages 247 and pages 252 to 254. Eye Camera Part Function Part Function shutter opens to take a picture retina catches the image clear covering over | protective glass | lens cover protects the eye the lens ins diaphragm automatic ‘opens and closes brightness diaphragm adjustment according to brightness of subject focuses the image oon the retina liary muscle Focussing ring aperture hole through which light enters the camera ‘transmit signals from light receptors in retina to the brain fluid between iris and cornea keeps eyeball rigid and refracts light vitreous humour Cont © Meme yen nie. Peonw eros hs gis ame the pe wen is aaa i, SBTNAME: Con Shadow Play Lass. - Goal + Complete these activities to extend you knowledge of shadows. What to Do © Form a small group with some classmates. Choose some or all the suggestions below and perform experiments t0 answer the questions. ._ Are shadows the same shape as an object? Is the shadow of a circular plate always circular? Can you make the shadow of a plate into an oval or a curved line? Can you make the shadow of a pencil into a small circle? Are shadows of a an object illuminated by a distant light source like the Sun the same size as the object? . After Peter Pan found his lost shadow, he had it sewn onto his feet. Are shadows. always attached to the objects that make them? a Where does the light have to be to allow a little object to make a big, monstrous shadow? }. What colours are shadows if the light shining on the object is red, blue, or green? 5. Are all shadows the same darkness? . When objects pass in front of each other, do their shadows also do the same? . Does a transparent object, like a glass of water, have a shadow? Next, create a litle play to teach others what you have learned about shadows. You could demonstrate yourselves, or make little shadow puppets that could tell and show the audience some interesting observations. 388 coprghco MeGovwil yess Lind Peminon podcast ged te phn fr in evi caso oipare aM cass EINFORCEMENT j Role Summary Chart Goal + Use this page to help plan your role-play for Investigation 8-C: Looking at Systems. What to Do * A system is a set of interconnected parts whose actions are controlled in specific ways. There are different methods you can use to plan a role-play that will explain how a system works. This page explains three methods. Read the page, then choose one or more method to help plan your role-play about the function of the eye. 1. One method is the cycle concept map, 2. Another method is a chain map. This where arrows indicate the effect one part shows the sequence of events that take has on another. Cycle concept maps do a place when a change occurs to the good job of illustrating feedback. For system. A chain map about the same example, to show how the eye controls situation explained above might look the amount of light that enters it, you like this: could make a map like this: fotina detects ight ‘sun comes out fram behind cloud ‘coming through pupil ( ) tates ue itis changes pupil size retica signals iris NN _” iris makes pupil contract less ight enters the eye ‘Copyight © McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. Peminion to repodsce sks pages granted to the prchuser for oes in hefisclasroom only. SOQNAME: crass. Ennaer | Role Summary Chart (nia. 3. Once you have planned the events that will happen, you could also make a role chart that will explain what each role/player is to say/do in sequence. For example: Event 1: Candle moves toward camera ! Action Who Script ‘mage brightens i ‘Light sensor notices Dave Light sensor message to Iris: “T sense more light.” | Tris expands Joyce Iris expanding: “Ready pupil” | Pupil contacss Lee Pupil contracting. Less light entering eye. 390 copyright© McGran-Hil Ryerson Lites. Perinat eprodce his pges graced the pscaser fr we i shit nero oi.are Nave cass REINFORCEMENT Making Things Bigger Goal + Label these diagrams to show your knowledge about mirrors, lenses, and prisins used in light technologies. What to Do * Label the lenses and mirrors on these diagrams as concave, plane, or convex, and the prisms as triangular or rectangular. Record your answers in the space at the bot- tom of the page. AL B. c D E F G H I J K L Copyright © McCeaw-Fill Ryerson Limited, Permision wo reproduce this page i granted to the purchaser for ue in her/his clauroom only. SOA,Err How Does Magnifying Glass When viewing an upright object, the observer sees a magnified, upright, virtual image. Refracting Telescope Observer sees a magnified, inverted, virtual image. The eyepiece acts like a magnifying glass, so the observer sees a magnified, inverted, virtual image of the real image cast by the objective lens. BQ2 Copyright © McGraw Hil Ryerson Limited. ennisson to reprodote this page is granted to he purchaser for we in he/hiselassoom ony.——— Just Looking Around Toy Periscope Commercial Periscope convex lens plane mirror triangular prism Sf Ny triangular \ prism convex eyepiece lens plane mirror convex lens for inverting the image Copyright © MGcew-Fill Ryerson Linited. Person to rerodvce thin pages grantad to the purchuer for we in her/his clawroom only. GODNAME: Lass. CO —— —_————— so Chapter 8 Quiz Goal + Complete this test to check your understanding of light technologies. What to Do * Carefully read the instructions below before answering each set of questions. ‘Matching Questions Beside each statement on the left-hand side, place the letter representing the term on the right-hand side that best matches the statement, ___ 1. uses refraction, converges light (@) convex lens ____ 2. uses refraction, diverges light (b) convex mirror _ 3. uses reflection, diverges light (© rectangular prism ___ 4. uses reflection, converges light @ concave mirror ___ 5. uses refraction, but doesn’t change —_(¢) concave lens light’s direction © virtual ____ 6. the type of image formed by a convex inirror Fill-in-the-Blank Questions Complete each statement with the correct term. TA lens is wider in the middle than at the edges. 8. AL mirror shows a large field of view, but objects in the mirror look smaller and far away. 9. The carries a signal from the eye to the brain. 10. The an imaginary line perpendicular to a surface. 11, The diaphragm of a camera controls the size of the 12. Another name for ocular lens is . 13. The magnified image in a magnifying glass is a image. 14, Ina far-sighted person, the light from a nearby object focusses the retina. 394 copyright © MoGrow-Hil Ryeon Linined.Pemiaon to reprodace hi pge granted m the purchaser for wt in eis lasso oa.DATE, NAME: Lass. Chapter 8 Quiz (continued) Identification 15. Describe the attitude and type of image shown in the diagram at right. 16, Describe the attitude and type of image shown in the diagram below. Diagrams 17. Sketch what happens to parallel light rays passing through the two lenses below. [ Tf — oma —= a (Copyright © McGrew-Hill Ryervoa Limited. Permimion to reproduce thia page is granted ro the purchaser for ee in her/is caswrocmn cry. SOSpare: NAME: Lass. Cw — = Chapter 8 Quiz (continued) 18. Sketch diagrams showing: (a) a light ray coming from the left, hitting a carefully placed plane mirror, and being reflected downward | (b) how a triangular prism can act like a plane mirror and make a light ray coming from the left reflect downward Short-Answer Questions Answer the questions below in full sentences. 19, Describe a use for a convex mirror, and state what property of the mirror makes it useful. 20. Describe the difference between a refracting and a reflecting telescope. 396 Copyght © MeGeew-Hil Ryerson Lined, Permision to repodves his pg is granted othe parse for we in hci choo oopare aM cuass. VOCABULARY = Crossword Puzzle — Goal + Complete this crossword puzzle to show your understanding of the vocabulary you learned in this chapter. What to Do * Complete the following crossword using the clues provided. Across Down 1. this opens and shuts when you take a 2. light-sensing surface inside the eye picture 3. clear covering over the eye 6. a pathway between the eye and the brain 4, the eye's diaphragm 8, an optical device for seeing long distances 5, the hole through which light enters a 11, a common device that reflects light camera 12, converge light rays . the jelly-like liquids inside the eye 13, the type of image where light rays 9. the type of lens that diverges light converge 10, these are used to reflect the light inside 14, the type of lens that converges light binoculars ‘Copyrigh: © McCrew-Hill Ryccron Limited. Permission to reprodace chia page it punted to the purchaser forse in he/his cateroam only, SOTEs CO Wordsearch chapter. Goal + Use this wordsearch puzzle to review your understanding of terms from this Find the hidden words in the wordsearch puzzle below. Then use each word in a sentence to demonstrate your understanding. What to Do sal]on|esJoo [aux] z, J |na > [Ja] 7) sa] a | onan fe | Z, lee) maz, [oo] a] a oat |p| |zz]oa OMI fen |] ze | fsa |e | i faz cof | [oan | pe [ens ea ia Olea lalalz(><|elalalolal<|o) alplalalp| fo CORNEA LENS PUPIL VIRTUAL CONVEX IRIS PRISM CONCAVE, FOCUS OPTIC NERVE TELESCOPE 39GB Copyighe © McGraw-Hill Ryecon Lined, Perltion to reproduce his page is granted tothe purchase or asin het castroor ony. BINOCULARS EYEPIECE RETINA MIRRORCora) BLM 8-1, Egyptian Mirror/ Information Handout Goal: Stadents read and complete an activity to extend their knowledge on how light rays reflect from mirrors. Answers BLM 8-2, Solar Cooking/Design Your Own Investigation Goal Students design a solar cooking device using their knowledge of reflecting rays. Answers: Students’ designs will vary, but should include a reflecting surface that converges the Sun's rays to one spot. BLM 8-3, Template for Investigation 8-A/Science Inquiry Goal Smadents use these templates to complete Investigation 8-A: Concave Mirror Images. Answers: Sec textbook and Teacher Resource. BLM 8-4, Curved Mirrors: Images. from a Distant Object/ Reinforcement Goal: Students complete diagrams to locate images of objects in concave mirrors. Conpight © McCraw Eyer Limi. 1, Each mirror is less curved than the one above. 2. The less curved the mirror, the farther away the image is from the mirror. BLM 8-5, Different Mirror Surfaces/Reinforcement Goal: Students show their understanding of the kinds ‘of mirrors used for different purposes. Answers Bathroom wall mirror—plane mirror Car headlights, flaslights—concave mirror Store surveillance mirror—convex mirror Cosmetics One-way mirror—plane mirror (Car passenger-side mirror—convex mirror Dental mirror—concave mirror Reflecting ball at a dance—plane mirror Reinforcement Goal: Students show their knowledge of how prisms ‘ean form a convex lens. Answers 1. refraction 2. Light bends owice, first as it enters and second as, it leaves the prism. 3. —_ aeSa BLM 8-7, Lenses and Light/ Reinforcement Goal: Students show their understanding of how lenses bend light. Answers 1. Acconcave lens is a lens that is thinner in the mid- dle than atthe edges. 2. diverge 3. A convex lens is a lens that is thicker in the mid dle than at the edges. 4. converge 5. conver, concave, concave, convex BLM 8-8, Data Table for See For Yourselfl/Science Inquiry Goal: Students record their findings for Find Out ‘Activity: See For Yourself! Answers: See Teacher Resource. BLM 8-9, All the Better to See You/Reinforcement Goal: Students complete sentences to show theit understanding of che eye and its defects. Answers 1. convex, retina 2, most 3. thicker, convex 4. far-sightedness, convex 5. retina, near-sightedness, concave .M 8-10, Comparing the Eye and the Camera/Overhead Master Goal: Use these diagrams to help students see the differences and similarities between the eye and a camera. Answers: not applicable BLM 8-11, Templates for Mounting Lenses/Science Inquiry Goal: Students use the templates to help make their ‘cameras in Investigation 8-B, ‘The Camera. Answers: not applicable BLM 8-12, The Eye/Overhead Master Goal: Use this diagram to reinforce student learning about the components of the eye. Answers: not applicable Copyright © McGraw Hil Ryena LimiteBLM 8-13, Chart to be Filled in by Students/Reinforcement Goal Students complete the chare to show their knowledge of the functions of parts of the eye and Answers ye Camera Part Function Part Function old ‘opens and doses to let | shutter ‘opens to take a light in or keep light pictare cous (abo moisens cornea) retina receives the light, | fl catches the image image is formed bere cornea clear covering over | protective glass | Tens cover protects the eye the lens iris ‘expands and contracts | diaphragm opens and cases to pil acording to ‘allo correct amount brightness ofthe light of light into camera irs ‘automatically adjusts | automatic ‘opens and closes Pupil size brightness diaphragm adjustment according to brighmess of subject ens Tocusses the image | Tas Poruses the image ‘on the retina ‘onthe film clliary muscle [adjusts the thickness | focussing ring | adjusts tbe distance ofthe lens to focus between the lens and ‘near or for objets the film to focus ear or far objects pepit the black in the centre| aperture hole through of the iris, the bole ‘which light enters through which light the camera centers the ee optic nerve ‘cansmit signals from light receptors in retina to the brain ‘aqueous bum | Bid between iris and comea keeps ‘eyeball rigid and refracts light Vitreous humour | fluid in contre of ‘9 that helps eye keep its shape Coppin © McGraw-Hill Rye Liste 401CE swe EY LM 8-14 Shadow Play/Scientific Inquiry Goal: Stadents conduct activities to extend their learning about shadows. Answers: Students answers will vary, but may include some of the following ideas. 1, Shadows are the same shape as the cross-section of the object at right angles to the light rays. A round plate can be rotated to make an elliptical shadow, or a line if held on edge to the light. 2. Shadows froma distant light source are the same size as the object if they are projected on a wall perpendicalar to the light rays. In the late after- noon, your shadow on the side of a house might be your size, but the shadow on the ground may bbe very long. A shadow can't be smaller than the cross-section of the object. 3. Your shadow on the ground touches your feet, but your shadow on a wall does not. Obviously the shadow of a ballin the air does not touch the ball. 4, TF the light source is close to the object, the shad- ow willbe larger than the object. Monster shad- ows are made using a very close, low light source aimed up at the object. 5. Your eye sees negative afterimages when exposed to light. In red light, shadows look green. In blue light, shadows seem to have a yellow tint. This is «perceptual illusion. If you can block out the nearby coloured light and look only at the shad- ow, it will not look coloured. 6. Shadows of opaque objects are all totally dark (anless light rebounding from walls hits the shad- ow). A large extended light source shining on a small object will create a dark shadow in the mid= dle (the umbra) surrounded by a grey shadow (the penumbra). This partial shadow is produced because the object blocks only part of the light from hitting the screen. 7. Shadows do not pass in front of each other. Yo lose depth perception with a shadow because it is projected on a surface, not in a volume, 8. Transparent objects cast weak shadows. 402 BLM 8-15, Role Summary Chart/Reinforcement Goal: Students use this page to help them plan their role-plays for Investigation 8-C, Looking at Sys- tems. Answers: not applicable BLM 8-16, Making Things Bigger/Reinforcement Goal: Students label diagrams to show their know!- ‘edge about mirrors, lenses, and prisms used in light technologies. Answers G. conver lens 1 triangular prisms A. convex lens (eye) B. convex lens C. convex lens L convex lens D. convex lens J. convex lens E. convex lens K. concave mirror F conver lens L. conver mirror BLM 8-17 How Does It Work?/ Overhead Master Goal: Use this overhead to help students understand how a refracting telescope works. Answerst not applicable BLM 8-18 Just Looking Around/Overhead Master Goal: Use this overhead to help students understand hhow periscopes work. Answers: not applicable Copyright © MeGraw Hi Rycon Limited.BLM 8-19 Chapter 8 Quiz/ Assessment Goali Use this quiz to assess students’ understanding of the chapter content. Answers: This following marking scheme might be ‘helpful for a total of 30 marks: 1 mark each for cach question (I - 14); 2 marks each for 15 and 16 ‘and each diagram in 17 and 18; 2 marks each for 19 and 20. 1L@ 2@ 3. @) 4@ © 6 © 7. convex 8, convex 9. optic nerve 10, normal 11. aperture 12, eyepiece 13, virtual 14. behind 15, erect or upright attcude, virtual image 16, inverted attitude, rel image 19. Uses for convex mirrors include a passenger side rmirror in ear and a store surveillance misror. The wide field of view is its advantage, 20. A refracting telescope uses a convex lens to con verge the light. A reflecting telescope uses @ con- 8-20 Crossword Puzzle/ Vocabulary Check Goall Students complete the puzzle to show their understanding of the scientific vocabulary in Chapter 8. Across: 1. shutter, 6. optic nerve, 8. telescope, LL, mirror, 12, focus, 13. real, 14, convex Down: 2, retina, 3. comea, 4 irs, 5. aperture, 7. humours, 9. concave, 10. prisms BLM &-21 Word Search/Vocabulary Check Goal: Students complete the activity to review vocab- lary from Chapter 8. Answers ielolo-=| 17. (Coppi © MGevw-Hil Ryerson Linitd, Students’ sentences will vary.DATE: Nan lameoeatinn Takin f., <_EEE SCIENCE NGURY | Observation Table for Starting Point Activity Goal + Use this to record your observations for the Starting Point Activity: What Is Colour? which helps you determine whether light contains colour or colour is something light picks up when it strikes an object. Materials jector. What colour does the construc- 1 tion paper appear to be under red light? 2 ~ 3, Repeat step 2 using green cellophane, en then blue cellophane. 3. — 4, Repeat the activity with the remain- What To Do ing colours of construction paper. © Follow the procedures listed below and record your observations in the table. What Did You Find Out? 1. Darken the room and hold a piece of red 1. Record the colour the construction construction paper in front of the screen paper appears to be when illuminated in the light of the overhead projector. with various colours of light in the table 2. Place two layers of red cellophane on the below. glass plate (stage) of the ovethead pro- Colour of Light Colour of Paper Colour Observed red ~ red green red blue red red green green green blue _ | 404 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, Peemision co reproduce this page is granted to the purchaser for use in hee/his lastrooca only.