Lesson

16 Word List
Study the definitions of the
words. Then do the
awe n. Afeeling of
fear or nervous
exercisesthat follow.
The view of Earth wonder and respect.
from space filled the
V. To fill with awe.
The
astronauts with awe.
immensity
the boat.
of the whale
breaking the surface awed the
awesome adj. Causing feelings of passengers on
The herd of
stampeding buffalo was anawe.awesome sight.
catastrophe n. Something that
kY tas´ trY fë The causes great loss and suffering; a
earthquake was a catastrophe that claimed terrible disaster.
thousands of victims.
collide V. Tocome together with
kY lid great force.
The two skaters were injured
when they collided on the ice.
collision n. (kY lizh´Yn)
The act of colliding.
The collision oCcurred
because neither of the drivers was paying
attention.
Chat with your partnerabout what
collision course with Earth. astronauts could do if anasteroid were on a

consequence n. 1. A result or outcome.

kän' sa kwens Receivinga scolding was the consequence of my rude behavior.
2. Importance.
The matter was of no consequence and was soon
forgotten.
Remind your partner what the consequences are for students who turn in
work late.

deceive V. To cause to believe something that is not true.

dÅsev The Wizard of Oz tried to deceive Dorothy by pretending to perform
real magic.
deceptive adi. (de sep´tiv) Intended to or likely to deceive ormislead.
Watch the mongoose carefully because its harmless appearance is deceptive.
deception n. (d sep'shYn) An act of deceiving.
He pretended he didn't know mybrother, and it was not until later that I
discovered his deception. O
SSl"DO
NO

Talk to your partner about how deception hurts the people who are lied to.
fatality
fa tal' a te
n. Adeath resulting from an accident or a disaster.
Fortunately there were no fatalities when the train ran off the track.

Wordly Wise 3000. Book 6 183

 preparation.
performwithout
scene based on suggestions from the
compose or improvise a
improvise . lo occasionally
im´pra viz Theactors
audience. whateveris on hand. tentfrom bed sheets.
do with improvised a
2. To make slumber partyim
The kids atthe improvise a boardggame using
partner how you could paper and
UIscuss with your
coloredpencils.
cloth.
machine or device for weaving
small hand loom.
loom n. A were wovenon a
loom These blankets way.
appear in a sudden and frightening
darkness, scaring us half to death
1. To
V. loomed out of the
Asinister figure
votes.
2. To get close.
loomed, both parties scrambled for
As election day

22 Chat with your partner about the types of thingsthat loom in

the dark in ob
1
stories.

lull V. To cause to relax.

lul The sound of the ocean lulled us to sleep.
n. Atemporary calm or quiet period. between the end of lunch and the
There was usuallya lull at the restaurant
start of the dinner rush.

placid adj. Calm and peaceful.

plas´ id The wind suddenly picked up, ruffling the placid surface of the lake.

predicament n. Adifficult or trying situation.

pre dik YmYnt Running out of gas at night on a deserted road put the travelers in a predicament.

priority n. The state or condition of being before another in importance or time.

pri ôr Yte
Chandra's first priority was to clean her room before her friends came over.
22 Tell your partner your top three priorities for summer vacation.

reinforce v. Toincrease or strengthen.

re infôrs Tellingfrightened children that there is nothing to worry about only
reinforces their fear.
plural
reinforcements n. pl. Extra people such as soldiers or
noun
(pl. n) police sent to
provide help.
The soldiers were told to hold the fort
until reinforcements arrived.
2 Discuss with your partner how youcould help reinforce the
speaking during class. teacher's rules aoou
184 Lesson 16
 stern n. The rear part of a boat.
Thofront of the boat rose
sttrn
out of the water
adj. Unpleasantly severe. when everyone rushed to the
The judge's stern
stern.
sentence. expression suggested she was about to hand down a
heavy
rescherous adi. 1. Not to be trusted.
A
trechYr
as
treacherous sentinel let the enemy pass through the gate.
2.Actually dangerous while seeming to be safe.
Hidden rocksmake this part of the river
treacherous.

6A Read
Using Words in Context
the
following sentences. If the word in bold is
the line. If the word is used incorrectly, write l on theused
line.
correctly, write Con

1. (a) As the day of our departure loomed, we

grew more and more nervous.
(b) The ferry loomed out of the fogand came to astop at the
dock.
(c) The loom takes cotton fibers and turns them into cloth.
(d) Mateo disgraced himself by acting like a loom at the party.

2. (a) My friendsat in the stern of the boat while Irowed.

(b) Itook hold of the stern and spun it into the air.
(c) The woman was given a stern warning by the judge.
(d) The stern look on my mother's face told mel was in trouble.

3. (a) The gentle rumbling of the ship's engine lulled us to sleep.

(b) The people were lulled into excitement.
(c) My dad couldn't lull anymore, so we went out to eat.
(d) There was a lull in the storm, so we decided to return home.

4. (a) My best friend's deception made me sad.

(b) The Trojans were deceived into thinking the wooden horse was a gift.
(c) Messages were sent and deceived by mail.
(C) The company gotcaught using deceptive methods to sellits products.
3. (a) The judge collided that neither person was to blame for the accident.
(b) Thecollision between the soccer players made everyone gasp.
(C) The Andromeda galaxy willcollide with our galaxy in four billion years.
(a) The neighbors took up acollision for the family who lost their home.
Wordly Wise3000 Book 6 185
 Context
Vocabulary in
16E) Read the passage. The"Unsinkable"Titanic

abou 360 miles

the Atlantic Ocean
in
night of April14,1912, Titanicblazed with lights. It was headed for
On the Newfoundland, the
coast of on its very first voyage. Almost nine
off the England steel hull,
York, four days out from passenger ship afloat. Its the
New biggest hull
the
hundred feet long, it was been reinforced with a
second fitted inside
ship, had believedto be unsinkablea
main body ofthe feature, the Titanic was
safety security. Their
it. Because of this board into a false sense of trust
on
belief that lulled everyone
consequences. was
was to have tragic
looked placid that night, its appearance deceptive.
Although the sea waters. In 1912 there was no radar
in treacherous
The Titanic, in fact, was iceberg suddenly loomed
object. So when a huge
to warn of an approaching little time to act. The Titanic made a
desperat
was
out of the darkness, there late. The ship's right side
struck the
collision, but it was too
attempt to avoid a
inner and outer hullwere ripped open below the waterline
iceberg. Both its
pouring in, flooding the front of the ship. Because it was
Water began
sleeping or getting ready for bed.
11:40 p.m., many of the passengers were
caused no alarm.
The slight bump, which was all they felt,
damage, he knew at
When Captain Edward Smith received a report of the
his unsinkable" ship
awe once that a catastrophe had occurred. He realized that
catastrophe could stay afloat for little more than an hour or two. Even as he gave the order
collide toabandon ship, he faced a terrible predicament: There were not enough
consequence
lifeboats for everyone on board. Furthermore, there had been no practice
deceive
drills. Crew members were confused because there were no clear orders from
fatality
their superiors.
improvise
loom
There would have been enough time to improvise rafts, but in the panic
lull that followed as passengers and crew were alerted, no attempt was made to
placid
do so. Women and children were given priority as the crew hastily prepared
predicament the lifeboats. In the confusion, many of the boats were lowered into the water
priority half empty. That night there were fifteen hundred fatalities, and only seven
reinforce hundred survived. Among the dead was the captain, who chose to go down
stern with his ship. Another was Ida Straus of New York, who is
remembered tor
treacherous gallantly refusing a place in one of the lifeboats to stay with her husband.

190 Lesson 16
 Those fortunate enough to have
awe as they witnessed the final escaped in the lifeboats were filled with
Cct leaving the stern moments of the Titanic. The ship's bow sank
sticking out
ddenly went out. At 2:20a.m., lesshigh above the water. Then its lights
than
iceberg, the great ship slid silently beneaththree hours after striking the
the waves,
Answer each of the following
questions with a
not contain a
vocabulary word from the lesson'ssentence.
word
If a question does
list, use one in your
answer. Use each word only once.
1 Why is acollision with an
iceberg unlikely to occur today?

2. Why must the Titanic have seemed an

awesome sight to
ships who saw it at nighttime before it hit the iceberg? people from passing

3. What was the purpose of the Titanic's inner hull?

4. Why were those on board not apprehensive about possible danger?

5.What is the meaning of treacherous as it is used in the passage?

6. How were those keeping watch deceived by the sea's appearance that night?

7. What is the meaningof loom as it is used in the passage?

o
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Wordly Wise 3000" Book 6 191

 Lesson
Word List
17 definitions of the words.
Then do the exercises that follow.
Studythe action
degrees, usually by chemical
wear away by corrode unprotected metal |surfaces.
corrode V. Toeat or weather can
kY rõd' Exposuretothe process orthe result
of
corroding.
zhYn) The corrosion
corrosion n. (kYro painted frequently to prevent
Metal bridges must be
corrosion. such as
something you have seen that had an
Tell your partner
old bicycle.
remains.
debris n. 1. Broken, scattered hurricane littered the streets
dY bre' Debris from buildings damaged by the
2. Litter;city
It took rubbish.
workers all day to clean upthe debris from the rock concert held in
the park.

elated adj. Happy and excited; overjoyed.

lt ad The elated winners jumped up and down.
elation n. ( lä' shYn) Afeeling of great joy and excitement.
The news that she had won aNobel prize was greeted with elation by
members of her family.
22 Share with your partner something that would fill you with elation.

exploit n. Abrave or daring act; an adventure.

eks' ploit The spy wrote a book about her exploits.
V. (ek sploit)1. To make full use of; to utilize.
Windmills exploit wind power to produce electricity.
2. To use in aselfish way; to take unfair advantage of.
Unions try toprotect workers from employers who might exploit them.
Discuss with your partner whether it's a good idea, while doing work at school to
exploit your friend because she's good at math.

leeway n. An extra amount of time or space that allows

lé' wå some freedom.
The wide channel gives boatsentering the harbor plenty of
leeway.

196 Lesson 17
 minlature adj. Ona small sScale.
A
min
éecher
miniature railroad for
n. 1. Avery small copy. young children ran through the park.
rhisminiature of a 1922 car is
exterior detail. only six inches long but is
2. A small complete in every
The locket painting, especially a portrait.
holdsS a miniature of the poet's
An artistic great-grandmother.
huge mobilestructure
mobile with parts that move easily.
mõ»bÇl A
hangs in the National Gallery of Art in
adj. (mo' bYl) Easily moved.
The actors travel with a
Washington, D.C.
mobile set when the play goes on tour.
Toll vour partner about a mobile
restaurant youhave seen, such as a food cart.
onset n. A start or abeginning.
än´set The onset of winter was marked by a
in
steep temperature drop.
O0ze n. Soft, watery mud, as at the bottom of a lake or the sea.
Ourfeet sank into the o0ze as we waded across the
shallow pond.
v. To leak out slowly.
Sap oozed from the deep gash in the trunk of the tree.

pathetic adj. 1. Causing feelings of pity or sorrow.

pYthet ik The newly arrived refugees told apathetic story of persecution by their
tyrannical rulers.
2. Held in lowesteem; arousing scorn.
The team's performance so far this season has been pathetic.

preliminary ad. Coming at the beginning; comingbefore the main event or activity.
pé lim i nerê The band director made afew preliminary remarks before the concert began.
m
activity.
22 Describe to your partner your preliminary preparation before a physical

quest n. A hunt or search.

the lost treasure of Montezuma.
kwest The expedition set out on a quest for

SI
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NOT
DUPLICATE

6 197
Wordly Wise 3000 " Book
opic

control.
under batter, but a brawl quickly |
restrain
rÁ strn
VTo hold back;
You catchertried
Theshowed
to keep
to restraln
great restraint
the angry
in not
holding back or keeping
defending
undercontrol. erupted,
yourself when you were urnfaily
restraint n. 1. A

attacked.
or hold in check.
Something used to control
restraint and ran after the ball.
2. out ofthe
The dog wriggled
Chat with your partner about how you might restrain yourselfif you get oangry at
Someone.

destruction or loSs.
salvage . Tosave from
sal'vij Salvage what you can from the wreckage.
loss or destruction.
n. Property saved from off cheaply as salvage.
Goods from the burned building were sold
SCOur V. 1. To clean by scrubbing hard. gleamed.
skour We scoured the pots and pans until they
2. Tosearch thoroughly.
Detectives scoured the area but failed to find any clues.

Tell yourpartner about atime you scoured your room looking for a lost item.

17A) Finding Meanings

Choose two phrases to form asentence that correctly uses a word from
Word List 17. Then write the sentence.

1. (a) To be exploited
(b) To be elated
(c) is to be annoyed.
(d) is to be overjoyed.

2. (a) Salvage from aflood

(b) is property saved from (c) Debris from a flood
destruction. (d) is the soft mud it leaves behind.

198 Lesson 17
 Vocabulary in Context
Read the passage.

Graveyard of
Eyer since that dreadful night in the Deep
1912 when the Titanic struck an
iceberg in the north Atlantic, the great ship
t swater too deep for the lay undisturbed. It had gone
wreckage to be explored, or so people down
ontist named Robert Ballard believed thought. A
otherwise. He had served aboard a
miniature three-person submarinenamed Alvin while in the U.S, Naw.
The
Thaniclay in just over twelve thousand feet of water; Alvin
could descend to
-birteen thousand feet, deep enough to reach the Titanic with plenty of
Ballard's quest for the Titanic began in 1985 after the U.S. Navy agreedleeway.
to
make Alvin available to him.
Ballard had only an approximate location for where the Titanic had gone
down. He knew he would have to scour an area several miles across to have
any hope of actually finding the wreckage. Before he could use Alvin, he
needed to make a preliminary search using video cameras operated by remote
control from a surtace ship. These mobile cameras were mounted on a sled
that was dragged along the bottom on a thirteen-thousand-foot cable.
Crew members aboard the surface ship studied the pictures from the
deep on a television screen. For days the pictures showed nothing but the
mud at the bottom of the ocean, and the crew grew increasingly bored. Then
suddenly, pictures of scattered debris on the ocean floor appeared. But was it
from the Titanic or from some other ship? When a large ship's boiler came into
view, the crew members were elated. They recognized it from photographs
and knew they had found the Titanic.
Ballard
Because the onset of winter made further operations dangerous,
search. This time he took Alvin.
waited untilthe following year to resume his
inside the tiny submarine, Ballard explored the wreck up close. The
From
broken into two parts that landed right-side up,almost half
ship's hull had
parts had settled in sixty feet of ooze and could never be
a mile apart. Both
Titanic.
pulled clear. Noone would ever raise the descents. Ballard's O
Alvin made a total of eleven
Over a two-week period, when he landed on the
SI
came during his second dive DO
most anxious moments covered it had all been eaten NOT
planks that had once
main deck. The wooden corroded metal plates would DUPLICATE
chance that the badly
away, and there was a could become
settledon them. Werethey to do so, Alvin
collapse as Alvin
203
Wordly Wise 3000 " Book 6
 topic
this
of to
se th'
of
ccause

surface would be impossible and

decks. Areturn to the
entangled between crew of the surface
ship to attempt a
there would be no
wavfor the
submarine held their
breaths, then let out rescue.
sighs of
Those aboard the tiny
The metal plates had held. pair of
relef.
took many photographs, including one ofa empty shoes
Ballard of those who had died. He
reminder
patheticfromthe wreck. In a book that he latermade
sidetoby
attempt
lying side, aanything
salvage Wroteno
about his exploit, he expressedthe hope that other expeditions would show
explorers did not follow his examel
similar restraint. Sad to say, other
Within a few years, gold coins and other
valuable objects from the
Titanic
being offered for sale to the public. The great ship itself, however, tomb to were
where it is. No one
more than fifteen hundred people, will remain will ever
raise the Titanic from its watery grave.

Answer each of the following questions with a sentence. If a

not contain a vocabulary word from the lesson's word list, use one does
answer. Use each word only once.
question
in your
1. What was the outcome of Ballard's quest?

2. What was special about Ballard's exploit

after him?
compared with those who came
corrode
debris
elated
exploit
3. How would you describe the
leeway ocean floor in the area where the Titanic sank?
miniature
mobile
onset
4. What is the
O0ze meaning of scour as it is used in the
pathetic passage?
preliminary
quest
5. Why is there very
restrain little room aboard Alvin?
salvage
SCOur

204 Lesson 17
 earn
trn

Lesson
Word List exercises that
18 definitions of the
words. Then
dothe follow. el

Studythe
abroad.
one's own country. ofhis travels
from stories
abroad adv. Away wrote humorous
Y brÙd MarkTwain exhilara
bodyor mind. for the vote to protect the forest. Yr"
pain ofthe up egzil
anguish n. anguish when no oneturned
Extreme
an'gwish Ifelt uncertainties.
extreme doubts or teacherthat he had seen
V. To suffer
over whether to
tell his someone
Jessanguished
cheating.

commence V. To start; to begin.

commenceson September9.
kY mens The school year
partner and then stop.
Commence talking to your

of with approval; to praise. ge

commend . 1. Tospeak
commended the students who excelled on the test jen
kY mend The teacher
To putatinsea
2.Aburial care of.ends with the words, "We commend this body to the deep!
theusually

controversy n. Apublic dispute that arouses strong feelings. created

kän´tra vttr s½ The plan tobuild a newpower station in an unspoiled rural area
controversy.
controversial adj. (kän trY vur shYl) Causing controversy.
The school board's controversial decision to extend the school year was
approved by a majority of one.

22 Discuss with your partner how people might feel when they talk about a
controversial issue.
ma
m• r
cordial adi. Sincerely warm and friendly.
kôr'jYl The guests receiveda cordial
welcome at the party.
dissent v. Todisagree.
di sent'
Only one senator dissented when the vote was
taken.
n. The expression of a
difference of opinion.
There was dissent from students over the school board's decision to
testing. incredse
Ask your partner if he or she would
school football teams. agree or dissent ifa vote were held to ban

208 Lesson 18
 earnest adi. Serious and important; not light and playful.
er
nYst Thetornado victim's earnest appeal for
help could not be ignored.
elicit V. To draw out or to cause.
. ë lisi t The fiery speech elicited an angry response
from the crowd.
Elicit an answer fromyour partner to this question: Who is
your favorite singer?
ahilaration n. Excitement; astate of elation.
gla
r¥shYn The baseballfans showed their exhilaration by
running onto the field and
carrying the players off on their shoulders.
exhilarating ad. (eg zil'Y rt in) Exciting; stimulating.
one Thehigh point of our day at the fair was the exhilarating ride on the roller
coaster.
exhilarate v. (eg zl'Y rt) Toexcite; to cause to feel lively.
The sound of a big brass band never fails to exhilarate the crowds.

Tell your partner about an exhilarating experience youhave had.

genuine adi. 1. Real; beingwhat it seems to be.
jenyooin This is a genuine diamond, not a fake.
2. Honest; sincere.
edeep.! As aresult of the successful boycott, the company made a genuine effort to
stop polluting the groundwater.

hoax n. An act intended to fool or deceive others.

höks We knew the player's injury was a hoax when he jumped to his feet and
laughed at us.
V. To fool; to play a trick on.
Alisha believed she had won first prize until she learned that her friends had
hoaxed her.

manipulate v. 1. Tooperate using the hands,especially in askillfulway. with

mY nip yoo l¥t The deft players manipulated the controls of the video game
incredible speed.
2. To control in a secret or unfair way.
that are wrong.
Real friends don't manipulate each other into doing things
friend was trying to
Chat with your partner about how you would feel ifa
manipulate you into skipping school. SSI
O

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NOT
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Wordly Wise 3000 . Book 6 209

 accountof. recount what happenedjust before the
a detailed to
recount V. To give askedthe witness
r kount' The judge election.
accident. the vote inan
The candidate wholostcount,
by only three votes immediately demanded arecount,
as of
kount) A second
n. (rë
weekend.
whatyoudidlast
partner
Recount for your
convince unless positive proofiis offered.
to
who is not easy cousin remains a skeptic.
skeptic n. Aperson astrology, my
skep tik When it comes to or an unwillingness to believe
Igave the inept doubt
dancer askepticallook when he offered to teach me to
adj. Showing t tango.
skeptical
An attitude of doubt or disbelief
(skep
The statementn.that
skepticism Ym)
siz didn't really matter was greeted with skepticism.
thetYtest

18A Using Words in Context

Read the following sentences. If the word in bold is used correctly, write Con
the line. If the word is used incorrectly, writel on the line.

1. (a) Thejurywas manipulated into voting"guilty" by the treacherous lawyer

(b) The clown manipulated the balloons into allkinds of animal shapes.
abroad (c) Six manipulated by five equals thirty.
anguish
(d) American bison once manipulated the prairie in huge herds.
commence
2. (a) Arecount changed the result of the voting.
commend
(b) Yoshiko recounted to her mother her
controversy school.
reasons for staying home from
cordial (c) Thismonth we learned to
dissent inorder.
recount the names of all the U.S. presidents
earnest (d) Itold my uncle Iwas
elicit recounting on his help with my homework.
exhilaration 3. (a) The
candidate's earnest
(b) We made an earnest speech convinced many people to vote for he.
genuine
(c) We were too
effort to win the game, but we
hoax
earnest to sleep, so we drank failed.
manipulate (d) Inever know when some hot chOcolate.
Andreas joking and when he is being
is
recount earnest.
skeptic

210 Lesson 18
 Vocabulary in Conteyt
LOE Read the passage.

Journey
without battles!
to the Soviet Union
A war What kind of war is that?
It wasfought between the Soviet Union and the Answer: the Cold War.
United States,
from 1945 to 1990. Each side had
more than enough weapons toandit lasted
the other if the Cold | War turned hot. Fear was destroy
in the air. People built
shelters in their homes, and at school children were bomb
untry came under attack. Most people accepted that this
taught what to do if the
was just the way it
was. Not Samantha Smith, afifth grader from
Maine, who anguished over the
possibility offnuclear war and decided to do
something about it.In 1983, she
Wrote a letter to the leader of the
Soviet Union containing an earnest plea for
the two superpowers to settle ther differences peacefully.
She waited several months before her letter elicited a
reply, which came
in the form of a mysterious phone call. A man speaking with a
strong Russian
accent thanked her for her letter and told her she would be receiving a written
renly withina few days. Samantha was not sure that the phone call was
genuine; she thought that it might be a hoax by one of her father's friends.
Although her father denied it, Samantha remainedskeptical. Her doubts were
ended, however, when an envelope from the Soviet embassy in Washington
was delivered to her home in Maine. Inside it was a cordial letter from Yuri
Andropov, the Soviet leader, who thanked her for taking the trouble to write
and expressed a concern similar to her own about the threat of nuclear war.
The letter also included an invitation to Samantha and her parents to visit the
Soviet Union.
Samantha found herself famous overnight. She appeared on national
television, and she was written about in magazines. Not everyone agreed that
her visit tothe Soviet Union would be desirable, though. People nationwide
her commended her for
were soondiscussing the issue. Those who supported
people everywhere.
what she was doing and praised her as an example to young
that she should decline the
Those who dissented from this view believed
manipulated by o
invitation and stay home; they thought that she was being sSI
their own purposes. Samantha .DO
the Communists, who would use her visit for
controversy swirling about her, and in July 1983, accompanied by NOT
1gnored the DUPLICATE
Soviet Union.
her parents, she went to the

215
Wordly Wise 3000 " Book 6
 the experience
andshe found
been abroad before, book called Journey to the Soviet
never a
She had returnshe wrote happened during her visit.
exhilarating. On her everything that that She
which she recounts
television
at
series. Her life writer point must have
Union, in in a she had
also invitedto costar because ofa letter
was
fairy tale, and
all Soviet Union in 1991, the
seemed like a communismin the threat
Sanantha did not live
collapse of Unfortunately, to
With the reduced. commenced
was greatly
ofnuclear war 1985, shortly after she
had filming the new
crash. During her
short life,
see this event.
In
her father died in a plane
sheand showed that iif a young person, even
television series, deal. She
a great heard, the
Samantha accomplished willing to make her voice world will
school, is
onein elementary
sometimes listen.
sentence. If a
Answer each of the
following questions with a
the
question
does
lesson's word list, use one in your
vocabulary word from
not contain a word only once.
answer. Use each
trip out ofthe United te.
the Soviet Union her first
1. Was Samantha's visit to

that Samantha was a concerned citizen)

2. How does the passage make clear

abroad
anguish
3. Do you think Sanmantha is to be commended for writing the letter? Whyor
commence
why not?
commend

controversy
cordial
dissent 4. Why do you think the Soviet leaders took Samantha's letter seriously?
earnest

elicit
exhilaration
genuine 5. What does Samantha's show of skepticism tel you
about her?
hoax
manipulate
recount

skeptic

216 Lesson 18
 Lesson
Word List exercises that
19 words. Then
do the follow.
definitions of the
Studythe battering. dam.
made by in the
opening
breach n. 1. An through thebreach
Waterpoured broken. roommate are what caused the
brch
breaking or being
2. Aattempts to manipulate
your breach in
Your
yourfriendship.
through. barriers alongthe parade route.
V. 1. To break
spectatorsbreached
the
The eager
fail to keep; to break. agreement you made.
2. To the
truth breaches
Not telling the
could happen when a riverr breaches its banks and
yourpartnerabout what
22 Talkto
flows into a nearby town.
sweat
clammy adj. Cold and damp.nervous his hands were clammy with
klam´e The speaker was so
fitting the parts together.
construct . To build; to make by house from pieces of scrap lumber.
kYn struckt We constructed the tree
act of building.
construction n. (kYn struk shYn) 1.Theconstruction of the walk.
the
The mason salvaged used bricks for
2. Something that is built. construction.
The Great Pyramid is an extraordinary
like a castle
22 Chat with your partnerabout something you would love to construct,
or an airplane.

elaborate adj. Havinggreat detail; done with much care.

lab YrYt The elaborate meal took hours to prepare.
V. ( lab' Y
rt) To give more details.
Could you elaborate on the plan so that the student contributors can get a
better understanding of it?

22 Think of agreat day you had recently, and elaborate about it to your partner.
fragrant adj. Having a pleasant smell.
frá grant We awoke to the fragrant aroma of freshly
baked bread.
fragrance n. Asweet or pleasant smell.
The fragrance of her perfume lingered
after she had departed.

220 Lesson 19
 1. To equip with what is
furnished needed;
furnish
The parents'club to
fernish

2. To put furniture into.

most of thesupply.
money for the art project.
The children furnished their
furnishings n. pl.
room with bunk beds and
Articles furniture for the
home or matching
of
Most of the
furnishings in my grandparents' house office. dressers.
are genuine
haven n. A place of safety; asanctuary, antiques.
h£ v•n The local school was a haven for
those made homeless by the
install V. 1. To put in place or set up. hurricane.
instôl We want to install alarge
skylight over the kitchen sink.
2. To place into office.
The members will install
their new president at the next
meeting.
Discuss with your partner something that could be installed in the
the cafeteria to make school more school gym or
enjoyable.
massive adj. Very large and solid; heavy.
masiv Amassive meteorite
collided with the
ago, making acrater nearly two hundredMexican coast
miles across.sixty-five million years
repel V. 1. To drive away.
ri pel To repel mosquitoes, use this spray before going out in
the woods.
2. To throw off; to shed.
A
good raincoat is treated to repel water.
3. To disgust.
Cruelty to animals repels me.
repellent n. Something that repels.
This repellent is supposed to keep cats off the furniture.
adj. 1. Able to repel.
My slicker is both water repellent and warm.
2. Disgusting.
The way movies glorify violence is repellent tomany people.
Talk to your partner about actions you should not take because they might repel
your friends.

sSI
DO
NOT
DUPLICATE

Wordly Wise3000. Book 6 221

t h its
opic

e o f tt
'o

the rightfulowners.
To give back. goods to
restore V 1. restored thestolen condition.
ristôr Thepolice original brass candlesticks.
To bring backto therestore the shinetothe
2.restoration n. (res
polishing willtYr shYn) 1. The bringing backto the original condition.
Agood and Martha
restoration of George
The association
home in 1858.
beganthe
to its original state.
Washington's
brought
Many ofthe buildings back
is at Williamsburg are restorations from colonial America.
2. The thingthat
restore historic buildings.
is importantto
Tellyourpartner whyit
usually in the same way.
retaliate V. To return an injury,
bat, Iretaliated by hiding her softballmitt
ri tal' at When my friend hid my
act of retaliating.
retaliation n. (ri tal ä' shan) The troopS, retaliation will be swie
Should anyone attack UN peacekeeping
and certain.

Discuss with your partner why you should or should not retaliate if someone calls
yOu a name.

stench n. A bad smell.

stench The stench of rotting fish drove the investigators away from the dock.

strew V. To scatter.
stróo The wind strewed papers all over the yard.

vicinity
vY sin´Y tê
n. The nearby or surrounding area.
Is there a library in the vicinity of your home?

19A) Finding Meanings

Choose two phrases to form a
Word List 19. Then write the sentence that correctly uses a word from
sentence.
1. (a) Ahaven is
(b) a high wall to keep out (c) Abreach is
enemies. (d) an opening made by breaking through.

222 Lesson 19
 voabularyin Contey
lAE Read the pàssage.
mean The Great Age of Castles
the
Castles seem like magical places to those who have only read
tales. The reality,
about them in fairy however, was much different. True, they
ad queens and kings and to great ladies and lords. Yet, we can
were homes to tell
from the castles that have survived that they were not pleasant places in which
tolive.
Their outside walls were made of massive blocks of stone and were up to
twentyfeet thick. Living inside such thick stone walls must have felt like living
in a cave. The rooms inside the castle were often clammy. In the winter, icy
beblew through the narrow, glassless windows. In the heat of summer, the
stench from the animals kept inside the castle, as well as from the unwashed
bodies ofthe people, would have been overpowering. Fragrant herbs were
used to mask the smells; one of the servants' jobs was to strewthen on the
castle floors.
The great age of castle building was the seven-hundred-year period from
around 800 to 1500. Castles built at the beginning of this period were fairly
disappeared. The ones
simple wooden constructions. These havelong since
elaborate. They had
built later were made of stone and were much more
There was a great hall where
many private rooms and splendid furnishings.
greeted and entertained.
banguets were held and visitors were
a sanctuary in times
The main reason for building a castle was to provide
those who made their homes inside
of danger. The castle protected not only
the vicinity. They could move inside
its walls but also those who lived in
approached. An attacking army had first
the castle grounds if a hostile army
wide, deep trench filled with water that surrounded the
to cross the moat, a
attackers had to scale the high, outside walls on ladders or
castle. Then the
defending the castle could retaliate by shooting arrows at
platforms. Those on them. If the attackers
pouring boiling liquids
them or by dropping rocks or purpose of a siege was tostarve
were repelled, they might begin a siege. The
months before one side SI O
defenders into surrendering. It could last for many
the DO
or the other gave up.
around 1500, cannons could breach NOT
into use
When gunpowder came longer the havens they had
once DUPLICAI
Castles were no
even the thickest walls. ruin, but a number of them are still
Many were abandoned and fell into
een. 227
Book 6
Wordly Wise 3000 "
 restored
modern
owners have
instaling modern
them and made
them more
In some

Many
cases their
standing. comfortablefor today's
occupants by
to the publicas
museums or
luxury
castes are open bygone magic oficastles by visiting
plumbing
and electricity. enjoy some of the Rhine River, andin Great
can
hotels. Today you particularlyalong the
Germany,
Britain.
castles in sentence If a question
questions with a
each ofthe following fromthelesson's
word list, use
one in does
Answer vocabulary word
not contain a word only once.
your
answer. Use each
main functions of castles?
two
1. What were the

the
of construction as it is used in passage?
2. What is the meaning

of building castles near stone quarriec?

3. What would be the advantage

places to live in?

4. Why are castles today more convenient and comfortable

breach
clammy 5. Howdid the building of castles evolve over the centuries?
construct

elaborate
fragrant
furnish
haven 6. Why would buying a ruined castle not appeal to a person of modest means?
install
massive
repel 7. How might amodern owner make a castle's
restore rooms less clammy?
retaliate
stench
strew
8. What furnishings might you find in
the great hall of a castle?
vicinity

228 Lesson 19
t h itso p i c

Lesson
seof
Word List exercises
dothe that follow,
20 Study the
definitions ofthe
words. Then

bullying manner. when asked|why he had

in a loudand
business,"he
blustered stolen
bluster V. To talk your
blus' tYr "It's none of commotion.
the money. threatening talk or
doesn'tscare
me.
boastful or bluster
n. Loud, talk tough, but their violently.
Theycan Blowing loudlyand crossed the lake
blustering ad. buffeted the ferry as it
The blustering winds
decide or plan something, give advice, or
people who meet to
council n. Agroup of term.
koun´sYl make laws.
councilare elected for a two-year
Members of the town
school Oro
partner howastudentcouncilis a useful
Discuss with your

dwell . 1. To live or reside. house where youwere born?

dwellin the
dwel How longdid you
2. To keep thinking about. past mistakes.
It does no good to dwell on
dwelling n. Ahouse or home. next was the color of the
The only difference between one dwelling and the
doors and shutters.

Chat with your partner about why it is not helpful to dwell on past regrets.
exterminate v. To kill or destroy completely.
ek stur´ mi n¥t The hardware store sells products to exterminate ants and cockroaches.

fee n. Afixed sum of money charged.

f The admission fee for the art museum is five dollars.

Talk to your partner about whether ticket fees for events such as the school play or
band recitals are too high.
garment n. Any piece of clothing.
gär' mYnt These delicate garments should be washed by
hand.
infest . To overrun ina way that
in fest causes harm or annoyance.
Drastic measures are needed to deal with rats that infest the neighbornou

232 Lesson 20
 V To take a stand and hold firmly to it.
insist
insist that she vacate her
Her parents room so the
insist
painted. walls can be
insistent adj. (in: sis' tYnt) Unyielding; firm.
scoured and
The bird-watcher was insistent that
everyone visit the bird
Tell your partner about something your family is insistentt that
sanctuary.
cuch as making your bed or walking the dog. you do eachday,

paltry
odi Very small and worthless; hardly worth considering.
pôl'
trÇ Five dollars may seem a paltrysumtoday, but in 1914 it was a
an automobile worker. day's wage for

peculiar adi. 1. Odd; strange.

pikyoolyYr eoems peculiar that such a frugal person would give everyone
extravagant gifts.
2 Limited to a person, country, group, or thing.
Koalas are peculiar to Australia.

Y Work with your partner to think of a food peculiar to the United States

rash n. 1. A breaking out of red spots on the skin.

rash This ointment willsoothe the baby's rash.
2. A series of outbreaks.
Arash of storms disturbed the area right after Labor Day.
adj. Too hasty or reckless.
Iregrettedthe rash statements Imade while Iwas angry.

n. 1. The desire to return harm for

harm done.
revenge their minds.
re venj Revenge for past wrongs was the only thingon
2. The act of paying back wrongdone.
victim of the hoax.
"Ilhave my revenge,"said the
to retaliate.
V. Toget even fora wrong done; to revenge the raids made by Robin Hood.
The Sheriff of Nottingham swore
revenge or forgiveness is the right reaction
Discuss with yourpartner whether
when your feelings have been hurt.

rodent n. An animal with sharp teeth for gnawing. o

such as gerbils and hamsters are popular pets. sSI
rod nt Small rodents DO
ad. Of or relating to rodents.
the atticwere a sign of mice.
NOT
droppings in
Ihe rodent DUPLICATE

3000"Book 6 233
Wordly Wise
 numbers. stadium forthefinal game of the series.
in large
swarm V. To move swarmedintothe
sWôrm Soccerfans mass. swarm.
large, moving crowd orhive in a dense
n. A emeraed from the
The bees
are swarmsofpeople
abouta placewherethere
Tell yourpartner used for holding liquids.
or barrel
container such as a tub
vat n. Alarge these large vats.
vat Olive oil is stored in

20A) Using Context

followinginsentences.If the
Read theWords wordin bold is used correctly,, write Con
word is used incorrectly, write
I onthe line.
the line. If the
1. (a) The player was insisted by the referee for hitting Someone with his elbow.
stay for lunch.
(b) Aunt Winona was insistent that we
bill.
(c) Uncle Bao insisted on paying the restaurant
(d) The attic of the old house was insisted with wasps.

2. (a) The people on the west side dwell in very expensive homes.
(b) At ninety, Mr. Torres dwells on the past and loves to talk about old times
bluster (c) In a shady dwell by the river, they found a gold nugget.
council (d) Adwelling at the bottom of the mountain provided shelter.
dwell
3. (a) A swarm of locusts landed on the field.
exterminate
fee
(b) People swarmed intotown from alldirections for the bigevent.
(c) Priyansh was able to swarm his way out of a tricky
garment
(d) Aswarm of meteors lit up the sky last night around predicament.
infest midnight.
insist
4. (a) Tropical beaches are
paltry peculiar to Antarctica.
(b) The duck-billed platypus is
peculiar
(c) The pitcher adopts apeculiar peculiar to Australia.
rash grip on the ball before releasing it.
(d) Dirt is a peculiar thing to
revenge
grow a flower in.
rodent 5. (a) The thick
council
swirled around their legs as they
Swarm (b) The
seven-member council walked.
vat (c) The councilvoted to meets every Wednesday.
(d) My brother took the stop street parking during the
council up to his room and fell blizzard.
asleep on it.
234 Lesson 20
Vocabulary in Context
Read the passage.

The Pied Piper of

Rats! Hamelin
Tbey fougbt the dogs, and killed the cats.
And bit the babies in the cradles.
And ate the cheeses out of the vats,
And licked the soup from the cooks' own ladles
There was no doubt that the people of Hamelin
faceda very
and the furry, serious
predicament. Their town was infested with rats,
rodents had grown so aggressive that they had
invaded
the beady-eyed
cellars, their kitchens, and eventheir bedrooms. There wasn't a townspeople's
oun that wasn't teeming with rats. Thepeople threatened to run the mavee dwelling
in
sst of town unless he did something about the problem. The
mayor promised
toeliminate the rats; he vOwed to exterminate every rat in town; he blustered
+hat not a rat would survive his assault. But what could he do? Nothing excent
organize meetings with his council to discuss various ways of solving the
Droblem. And the unpleasant truth was that neither he nor anyone else had the
faintest idea what to do.
Suddenlya man dressed in a most peculiar fashion appeared at the
meeting; his quaint garments drew hostile stares and rude comments from the
townspeople.
Hisqueer long coatfrom beel to head
Was halfof yellowand balf of red.
the town of its rats by luring
The stranger in the pied coat promised to rid
for a fee of one thousand guilders.
them away with the music from his pipe
mayor was jubilant and replied instantly that this was too paltrya sum for
The the piper no less
promised to compensate
performing such an assignment. He
guilders!
than the amount of fifty thousand intothe street. He raised
Piper stepped
Everyone followed as the Pied an
commenced paying. Over the sound of the music O
SSIDO

his pipe to his lips and

unearthly noise could be heard.
grumblng;
And the muttering grew to a
grumblinggrew to a mighty rumbling,
And the tumbling.
rats came
And out ofthe bouses the 3000-Book6 239
Wordly Wise
 streets, following the Pied
the houses and intothe When they came to
from
Rats swarmed town while playing his tune.
them out of
Piper as heled plunged in and perished.
rats Pied Piper and
the river Weser, the Hanclin were most grateful to the rang
The people of celebrate the occasion, but the mayor was
nOw
convinced
having
every bellin town to promised. He himself
thoughts about the paynent he had He now thought
second fifty thousand guilders. a
mere
to offer
that he had been rash sufficient. When the Pied Piper insisted on
more than
fitty guilders would be
taunted him.
being paid in full, the mayor
your worst,
You threaten us, fellow? Do
burst!
Blow your pipe there til you
away all the village's children, who wee
As his revenge, the Pied Piper led
never seen or heard from again.

poem "The Pied Piper of Hamelin, " afanciful story ghev.

*The rhynes are quotations fromRobert Browning's
a town in Germany.

Answer each of the following questions with a sentence. If aquestion does

not contain a vocabulary word from the lesson's word list, use one in VOur
answer. Use each word onlyonce.

1.Why were the inhabitants of Hamelin probably afraid to enter their homes?
bluster
council
dwell
exterminate 2. Were any homes in the town free of rats?
fee
garment
infest
3. What was the mayor's problem in dealing with the town's
insist rodents?
paltry
peculiar
rash
4. What wasaggravating the town's cheese
revenge makers?
rodent
Swarm

vat

240 Lesson 20