NAQuestion Bank & Key (Calculation 50)

MEO CLASS III FUNCTION 4
WISE WISH MARINE ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTRE
WISE WISH Marine Engineering Training Centre

Marine Engineer Officer Class III (Part III)
Subject . N.A. BOE Question bank
Section (B) 50 CALCULATION
1. (Ch.6 Example 1)
(a) What is meant by MCTIcm (4)
(b) A ship of 5000 tonne displacement 96 m long, floats at draughts of 5.60m forward and aft.
The TPC is 11.5, the GML 105 m and centre of flotation 2.4 m aft of midships. Calculate (i) The
MCTI cm (ii) The new end draughts & the trimming moment when 88 tonne are added 31 m
forward of midships. (12)
2. (Ch. 1 Example 7)
(a) What is centre of pressure? (4)
(b) A bulkhead 9 m deep is supported by vertical stiffeners 750 mm apart. The bulkhead is
flooded to the top edge with sea water on one side only. (12)
Calculate.
(i) shearing force at top
(ii) shearing force at bottom
(iii) position of zero shear
3. (Ch. 4, Example 1)
(a) What is centre of gravity? (4)
(b) A ship of 8500 tonne displacement is composed of mass of 2000, 3000, 1000, 2000 and 500
tonne at positions 2,5,8,10 and 14 m above the keel. Determine the height of the centre of gravity
of the ship above the keel. (12)
4. (Ch. 3, No. 1)
(a) State how the water plane area coefficient Cw is defined. (4)
(b) A ship 180 m long has ½ width of water plane of 1, 7.5, 12, 13.5, 14, 14, 13.5, 12, 7, and 0
respectively. (12)
Calculate: (i) water plane area
(ii) TPC
(iii) water plane area coefficient.
5. (Ch.3,No.3)
(a) State how the block coefficient Cbis defined. (4)
(b) A ship 140 m long and 18 m beam floats at a draught of 9 m. The immersed cross-sectional
area at equal interval are 5, 60, 116, 152, 153, 153, 151, 142, 85 and 0 m2 respectively. (12)
Calculate:
(i) displacement
(ii) block coefficient
(iii) mid-ship section area coefficient
NA& SC Bank 90+12+50 Updated 13rd June 2016 WISE WISH METC 1
6. Reed’s Second class Exam.No.36, (1991 Edition)
A collision bulkhead is in the form of an isosceles triangle and has a depth of 7.0 m and a width
at a deck 6.0 m. The bulkhead is flooded on one side with water of density 1.025 kg/m 3 and the
resultant load on the bulkhead is estimated at 195 KN. Calculate the depth of water to which the
bulkhead is flooded. (16)
7. (Ch;3, f5)
(a) What is displacement of a ship? (4)
(b) The TPC values of a ship at 1.5 m intervals of draught, commencing at keel are 4.0, 6.1, 7.8,
9.1, 10.3, 11.4 and 12.0 respectively. Calculate at a draught of 9 m: (12)
(i) Displacement
(ii) KB
8. (Chp;2, Example)
(a) What is the water plane area coefficient Cw? Write down the formula for Cw. (4)
2
(b) The water plane area of a ship is 1730 m . Calculate the TPC and increase in draught if a
mass of 270 tonne is added to the ship. (12)
9. (2nd class Exam question #21)

A floating dock 150 m long, 24 m overall width and 9 m draught consists of a rectangular bottom
compartment 3 m deep and rectangular wing compartments 2.5 m wide. A ship with a draught of
5.5 m is floated in 4000 tonne of ballast are pumped out of the dock to raise the ship 1.2 m.
Calculate the mean TPC of the ship. (16)
10. (2nd class Exam question #30 )

A ship 120 m long, 17 m beam and 7.2 m draught has a block coefficient of 0.76. A parallel
section 6m longs is added to the ship amidships. The midship sectional area coefficient is 0.96.
Find the new displacement and block coefficient. (16)
11. (Chap;5, Example)

(a)What is meant by longitudinal centre of floatation (LCF)? (4)
(b)A mass of 6 tonne is moved transversely through a distance of 14 m on a ship of 4300 tonne
displacement, when the deflection of an 11 m pendulum is found to be 120 mm. The transverse
metacentre is 7.25 m above the keel. Determine the height of the centre of gravity above the keel.
(12)
(a)What is meant by trimming lever? Draw a sketch showing location of trimming lever. (4)
(b)A ship of 6000 tonne displacement is composed of masses of 300, 1200 and 2000 tonne at
distances 60,35 and 11 m aft of midships, and masses of 1000, 1000 and 500 tonne at distances 15,
30 and 50 m forward of midships. Calculate the distance of the centre of gravity of the ship from
midships. (12)
13. (Chap;6,No.1)
(a) What is MCT1 cm and write down the formula for MCT 1 cm. (4)
(b)A ship 125 m long displaces 12 000 tonne. When a mass of 100 tonne is moved 75 m from
forward to aft there is a chance in trim of 65 cm by the stern. Calculate: (a) MCT1cm
(b) the longitudinal metacentric height .(c) the distance moved by the centre of gravity of the
ship. (12)
14. #1. Ch.1 Example 3.
A rectangular double bottom tank is 20 m long , 12 m wide and 1.5 m deep and is full of sea
water having a density of 1.025 tonne/m3 . Calculate the pressure in kN/m3 and the load in MN
on the top and bottom of the tank if the water is
(a) at the top of the tank
(b) 10 m up the sounding pipe above the tank top. (16)
15. #2.Ch.1 Example 4

(b) A rectangular bulkhead is 10 m wide and 8 m deep. It is loaded on one side only with oil of
relative density 0.8. Calculate the load on the bulkhead if the oil is:
(i) just at the top of the bulkhead. (ii) 3m up the surrounding pipe. (12)

A peak bulkhead is in the form of a triangle, apex down, 6 m wide at the top and 9 m deep. The
tank is filled with sea water. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position of the centre of
pressure relative to the top of the bulkhead
if the water is;
(a) at the top of the bulkhead
(b) 4m up the sounding pipe. (16)
17. #5,Ch.1, No.4

(a) What is centre of gravity?
(b) A ballast tank is 15 m long, 12 m wide and 1.4 m deep and is filled with fresh water.
Calculate the load on the top and short side. if:
(a) the tank is just completely full
(b) there is a head of 7 m of water above the tank top.
18. #6.Ch. 1, No.6

A bulkhead is in the form of a trapezoid 9 m wide at the deck. 5 m wide at the bottom and 8 m
deep. Find the load on the bulkhead if it bas oil (rd 0.85) on one side only: (a) to a depth of 6 m.
(b) with 4 m head to the top edge.
19. #7.Ch. 1, No.7

The end bulkhead of an oil fuel bunker is in the form of a rectangle 10 m wide and 12 m high.
Find the total load and the position of the centre of pressure relative to the top of the bulkhead if
the tank is filled with oil (rd 0.9):
(a) to the top edge
(b) with 3 m head to the top edge.
20. #8.Ch. 1, No.9

(a) What is the relative density or specific gravity of the substance?
(b) A triangular bulkhead is 5 m wide at the top and 7 m deep. It is loaded to a depth D with sea
water, when it is found that the load on the bulkhead is 190 kN. Find the depth D and the
distance from the top of the bulkhead to the centre of pressure.
21. #9.Ch. 1, No. 12
A bulkhead is supported by vertical stiffeners. The distance between the stiffeners is one ninth of
the depth of the bulkhead. When the bulkhead is flooded to the top with sea water on one side
only, the maximum shearing force in the stiffeners is 200 kN. Calculate:
(a) the height of the bulkhead, (b) the shearing force at the top of the stiffeners, (c) the position
of zero shear.
22. #11.Reed’s Second Class Exam. Ques. No. 32(1979 Edition)

1 m3 of solid coal has a mass of 1190 kg and absorbs 8% of its mass in moisture. A bunker
contains 175 tonne of coal at a stowage rate of 1.32 m3/t and lies completely below the waterline.
The bunker is now flooded. Calculated the mass of sea water entering the bunker.
23. #13.Ch. 2 Example 7

A ship 135 m long, 18 m beam and 7.6 m draught has a displacement of 14,000 ton. The area of
the load waterplane is 1925 m2 and the area of the immersed midship section 130 m2. Calculate
(a) Cw, (b) Cm, (c) Cb, (d) Cp.
24. #14.Ch. 2 Example 8

(a) What is the displacement of the ship?
(b) A ship of 5000 tonne displacement, 95 m long floats at a draught of 5.5 m. Calculate the
wetted surface area of the ship,
(i)Using Denny's formula
(ii) Using Taylor's formula with c = 2.6
25. #15.Ch. 2, Example 9

A ship 110 m long displaces 9000 tonne and has a wetted surface area of 2205 m2 Calculate the
displacement and wetted surface area of a 6 m model of the ship.
26. #16.Ch. 2, No. 11

The length of a ship is 18 times the draught, while the breadth is 2.1 times the draught. At the
load waterplane, the waterplane area coefficient is 0.83 and the difference between the TPC in
sea water and the TPC in fresh water is 0.7. Determine the length of the ship and the TPC in
fresh water.
27. #17.Ch. 2, No.13

A ship of 14 000 tonne displacement, 130 m long, floats at a draught of 8 m. Calculate the wetted
surface area of the ship using: (a) Denny's formula, (b) Taylor's formula with c = 2.58
28. #18.Ch. 2, No.14

A box barge is 75 m long, 9 m beam and 6 m deep. A similar barge having a volume of 3200 m3
is to be constructed. Calculate the length, breadth and depth of the new barge.
29. #19.Ch. 2, No.15

The wetted surface area of a ship is twice that of a similar ship. The displacement of the latter is
2000 tonne less than the former. Determine the displacement of the latter.
30. #21.Ch.3, Example 2:
The immersed cross-sectional areas through a ship 180 m long at equal intervals, are 5, 118, 233,
291, 303, 304,304, 302, 283, 171 and 0 m2 respectively. Calculate the displacement of the ship in
sea water of 1.025 tonne/m3.
31. #22.Ch. 3 Example 3

The TPC values for a ship at 1.2 m intervals of draught commencing at the keel, are
8.2,16.5,13.7,19.4,20.0,20.5 and 21.1 respectively. Calculate the displacement at 7.2 m draught.

A ship of 4000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 1-5 m aft of midships and 4 m above
the keel. 200 tonne of cargo are now added.45 m forward of midships and 12 m above the keel.
Calculate the new position of the centre of gravity.
33. #30.Ch. 4 Example 5

A ship of 10 000 tonne displacement has a mass of 60 tonne lying on the deck. A derrick, whose
head is 7.5 m above the centre of gravity of the mass, is used to place the mass on the tank top
10.5 m below the deck. Calculate the shift in the vessel's centre of gravity when the mass is :
(a) just clear of the deck
(b) at the derrick head
(c) in its final position.
34. #31.Ch.4, N0.1

A ship of 4000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 6 m above the keel. Find the new
displacement and position of the centre of gravity when masses of 1000, 200, 5000 and 3000
tonne are added at positions 0.8, 1.0, 5.0 and 9.5 m above the keel.
35. #32.Ch.4, No.2

The centre of gravity of a ship of 5000 tonne displacement is 6 m above the keel and 1.5 at
forward of midsbips. Calculate the new position of the centre of gravity if 500 tonne of cargo are
placed in the tween decks 10 m above the keel and 36 m aft of midships.
36. #33.Ch.4, No.4

An oil tanker of 17 000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 1 m aft of midships and has
250 tonne of oil fuel in its forward deep tank 75 m from midships. This fuel is transferred to the
after oil fuel bunker whose centre is 50 m from midships. 200 tonne of fuel from the after bunker
is now burned. Calculate the new position of the centre of gravity:
(a) after the oil has been transferred
(b) after the oil has been used.
37. #34.Ch. 4, No.7

A vessel of 8000 tonne displacement has 75 tonne of cargo on the deck. It is lifted by a derrick
whose head is 10.5 m above the centre of gravity of the cargo, and placed in the lower hold 9 m
below the deck and 14 m forward of its original position. Calculate the shift in the vessel's centre
of gravity from its original position when the cargo is
(a) just clear of the deck, (b) at the derrick head, (c) in its final position.
38. Reed’s 2nd class Exam question No.50(1983 edition)
A box barge 40 m long and 7.5 m wide floats in sea water with draught forward and aft of 1.2 m
and 2.4 m respectively. Where should a mass of 90 tonne be added to obtain a level keel draught?
39. # Reed’s 2nd class Exam Quest;No.43

For a ship of 4600 tonne displacement the metecentric height (GM) is 0.77 m. A 200 container is
moved from the hold to the upper deck.
Determine the angle of heel developed if, during this process, the centre of mass of the container
is moved 8 m vertically and 1.1 m transversely.
40. #36.Ch. 5 Example 7

The righting levers of a ship of 15000 tonne displacement at angles of heel of 15o, 30o ,45o and
60o are 0.29, 0.70, 0.93 and 0.90 m respectively. Calculate the dynamical stability of the ship at
60o heel.
41. #37.Ch.5, Example 2.

A vessel of constant triangular cross-section has a depth of 12 m and a breadth at the deck of
15 m. Calculate the draught at which the vessel will become unstable if the centre of gravity
is 6.675 m above the keel.
42. #39.Ch. 5, No. 2.

A vessel of 10 000 tonne displacement has a second moment of area of waterplane about the
centre line of 60 x 103 m4 .The centre of buoyancy is 2.75 m above the keel. The following
are the disposition of the masses on board the ship.
4000 tonne 6.30 m above the keel
Calculate the metacentric height.
43. #40.Ch. 5, No. 3.

A vessel of constant rectangu1ar cross-section has a breadth of 12 m and metacentric height
of one quarter of the draught. The Vertical of gravity lies on the waterline. Calculate the
draught.
44. #41.Ch. 5, No. 11.

A ship of 6000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 5.9 m above the keel and
transverse metacentre 6.8 m above the keel. A rectangular double bottom tank 10.5 m long,
12 m wide and 1.2 m deep is now half-fllled with sea water. Calculate the metacentric height
45. #43.Ch. 6 Example 2

A ship 150 m long has draughts of 7.70 m forward and 8.25 m aft, MCT1cm 250 tonne m, TPC
26 and LCF 1.8 m forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts after the following masses
have been added:
50 tonne, 70 m aft of midships
100 tonne,5 m aft of midships
130 tonne, 4 m forward of midships.
A ship 120 m long and 9100 tonne displacement floats at a level keel draught of 6.50 m in fresh
water of 1.000 t/m3. MCTI cm 130 tonne m, TPC in sea water 16.5, LCB 2.30 m forward of
midships. LCF 0.6 m aft of midships. Calculate the new draughts if the vessel moves Into sea
water of 1.024 t/m3 without change in displacement.
47. #46.Ch. 6, No. 2.

A ship 120 m long floats at draughts of 5.50 m forward and 5.80 m aft: MCT1cm 80 tonne m, TPC
13, LCF 2.5 m forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts when a mass of 110 tonne is
added 24 m aft of midships.
48. #47.Ch. 6, No. 3.

A ship 130 m long displaces 14 000 tonne when floating at draughts of 7.50 m forward and 8.10
m aft. GML 125 m, TPC 18, LCF 3 m aft of midships. Calculate the final draughts when a mass
of 180 tonne lying 40 m aft of midships is removed from the ship.
49. #48.Ch. 6, No. 9.

A ship of 15000 tonne displacement has a waterplane area of 1950 m2. It is loaded in river water
of 1.005 t/m3 and proceeds to sea where the density is 1.022 t/m3. Calculate the change in mean
draught.
50. #49.Ch. 6 No. 18

A box barge 25 m long and 4 m wide floats in fresh water at a draught of 1.2 m and has an empty
mid-length compartment 5 m long. The bottom of the barge is lined with teak (rd 0.85) 120 mm
thick. After grounding all the teak is torn off and the centre compartment laid open to the sea.
Calculate the final draught.
1. (Ch.6 Example 1)
(a) What is meant by MCT1cm (4)
(b) A ship of 5000 tonne displacement, 96 m long, floats at draughts of 5.60 m forward and 6.30
m aft. The TPC is 11 -5, GML 105 m and centre of flotation 2.4 m aft of midships. Calculate
(a) the MCT1cm
(b) the new end draughts when 88 tonne are added 31 m forward of midships. (12)
(a) MCT 1 cm
The MCT 1 cm is the moment required to change the trim of the vessel by 1 cm and can be
calculated by using the formula
Δ × GM𝐋
MCT 1 cm =
100 L
Where,
Δ = The vessel’s displacement in tones
GML = The longitudinal metacentric height in metres
L = Vessel’s length in metres
(b) A ship of 5000 tonne displacement, 96 m long, floats at draughts of 5.60 m forward and 6.30
m aft. The TPC is 11 -5, GML 105 m and centre of flotation 2.4 m aft of midships. Calculate
(a) the MCT1cm
(b) the new end draughts when 88 tonne are added 31 m forward of midships. (12)
∆×𝐺𝑀𝐿
𝑎) 𝑀𝐶𝑇1𝑐𝑚 = 100 𝐿
5000×105
= 100×96
= 54.6875 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑚
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑏) 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠 = 𝑇𝑃𝐶
88
= 11.5
= 7.6522 𝑐𝑚
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑
= 88 × 33.4
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚 𝑡 =
𝑀𝐶𝑇1𝑐𝑚
𝑚×𝑑
𝑡 = 𝑀𝐶𝑇
1𝑐𝑚
88×33.4
= 54.6875
= 53.7454 𝑐𝑚
96
𝐹𝐿 = + 2.4
2
= 50.4 𝑚
𝑡
𝑇𝑓 = 𝐿 × 𝐹𝐿
53.7454
= × 50.4
96
= 28.2163 𝑐𝑚
𝑇𝑎 = 𝑡 − 𝑇𝑓
= 53.7454 − 28.2163
= 25.5291 𝑐𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 𝑑𝑓 + 𝑠 + 𝑇𝑓
= 560 + 7.6522 + 28.2163
= 595.8685 𝑐𝑚
= 5.9587 𝑚
𝐷𝑎 = 𝑑𝑎 + 𝑠 − 𝑇𝑎
= 630 + 7.6522 − 25.5291
= 612.1231 𝑐𝑚
= 6.1212 𝑚
Ans: a) MCT1cm = 54.6875 tonne-m
b) New draught forward = 5.9587 m

c) New draught aft = 6.1212 m
2. (Ch. 1 Example 7)
(c) A bulkhead 9 m deep is supported by vertical stiffeners 750 mm apart. The bulkhead is
flooded to the top edge with sea water on one side only. (12)
Calculate.
(i) shearing force at top
(ii) shearing force at bottom
(iii) position of zero shear
(a) Centre of pressure

The centre of pressure on an immersed plane is the point at which the whole liquid load may
be regarded as acting.
2 1 5
Cp = D Cp = D Cp = D
3 2 8
(b) A bulkhead 9 m deep is supported by vertical stiffeners 750 mm apart. The bulkhead is
flooded to the top edge with sea water on one side only. Calculate (12)
(a) shearing force at top
(b) shearing force at bottom
(c) position of zero shear.
Load on stiffener F = ρg AH
9
= 1.025 × 9.81 × 9 × 0.75 ×
2
= 305.4282 kN
1
(a)Shear force @ top = F
3
305.4282
=
3
= 101.8094 kN
2
(b)Shear force @ bottom = F
3
2
= × 305.4282
3
= 203.6188 kN
l
(c) position of shear x =
√3
9
=
√3
= 5.1962 m from the top
Ans: (a) shearing force at top = 101.8094 kN

(b) shearing force at bottom = 203.6188 kN
(c) position of zero shear = 5.1962 m from the top
3. (Ch. 4, Example 1)
(b) A ship of 8500 tonne displacement is composed of mass of 2000, 3000, 1000, 2000 and 500
tonne at positions 2,5,8,10 and 14 m above the keel. Determine the height of the centre of gravity
of the ship above the keel. (12)
(a) Centre of gravity

1. The centre of gravity of an object is the point at which the whole weight of the object may
2. If the object is suspended from this point, then it will remain balanced and will not tilt.
3. It is usual to measure the 'Vertical position of the centre of gravity of the ship above the
keel and this distance is denoted by KG.
4. The longitudinal position of the centre of gravity (LCG) is usually given as a distance
forward or aft of midships.
(b) Given (12)
Ship displacement = 8500 tonne
Masses composed = 2000, 3000, 1000, 2000 and 500 tonnes at 2, 5, 8, 10 and 14 m above
the key
500
14 m
2000
10 m
1000
8m
CG
3000
5m
2000 2m
𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐊𝐆 𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭

(tonne) (m) (t m)
2000 2 4000
3000 5 15000
1000 8 8000
2000 10 20000
500 14 7000
𝟖𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
Moment of Mass
KG =
Σ Mass
54000
=
8500
= 6.3529 m
Ans: Centre of gravity above the keel = 6.35 29 m

4. (Ch. 3, No. 1)
(a) State how the water plane area coefficient Cw is defined. (4)
(b) A ship 180 m long has ½ width of water plane of 1, 7.5, 12, 13.5, 14, 14, 13.5, 12,7, and 0
respectively. (12)
Calculate: (i) water plane area
(ii) TPC
(iii) water plane area coefficient.
Water plane area coefficient Cw

Waterplane area coefficient Cw is the ratio of the area of the waterplane to the product of the
length and breadth of the ship.
Waterplane Area
Cw =
Length × Breadth
Aw
Cw =
L×B
(a) (12)
Solution
𝟏⁄ 𝐰𝐢𝐝𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐌 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚
𝟐
1 1 1
7.5 4 30
12 2 24
13.5 4 54
14 2 28
14 4 56
14 2 28
13.5 4 54
12 2 24
7 4 28
0 1 0
ΣA = 327
L
Common interval h =
(n − 1)
180
Common interval h =
10
= 18 m
2
a) water plane area Aw = × h × ΣA
3
2
= × 18 × 327
3
= 3924 m2
Aw × ρs.w
b) TPC =
100
3924 × 1.024
=
100
= 40.221
Aw
c) Cw =
L×B
3924
=
180 × (2 × 14)
= 0.7786
Ans:
a) water plane area Aw = 3924 m2
b) TPC = 40.221
c) Cw = 0.7786
5. (Ch.3,No.3)
(a) State how the block coefficient Cb is defined. (4)
(b) A ship 140 m long and 18 m beam floats at a draught of 9 m. The immersed cross-sectional
area at equal interval are 5, 60, 116, 152, 153, 153, 151, 142, 85 and 0 m2 respectively. (12)
Calculate:
(i) displacement
(ii) block coefficient
(iii) mid-ship section area coefficient
(a) Block Coefficient (Cb)

Block coefficient Cb is the ratio of the volume of displacement to the product of the length,
breadth and draught.
volume of displacement
Cb =
Length × Breadth × draught
∇
Cb =
L×B×d
(b) A ship 140 m long and 18 m beam floats at a draught of 9 m. The immersed cross-
sectional areas at equal interval are 5, 60, 116, 145, 152, 153, 153, 151, 142, 85 and 0 m2
respectively. Calculate:
(i) Displacement, (ii) block coefficient, (iii)mid-ship section area coefficient. (12)
𝐀𝐦 𝐒. 𝐌 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐕𝐨𝐥.

5 1 5
60 4 240
116 2 232
145 4 580
152 2 304
153 4 612
153 2 306
151 4 604
142 2 284
85 4 340
0 1 0
𝚺𝛁 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟕
L
Common interval h =
(n − 1)
140
=
(11 − 1)
= 14 m
1
Vol. of ship ∇ = × h × Σ∇
3
1
= × 14 × 3507
3
= 16366 m3
(i) Displacement, ∆ = ∇ × ρs.w
= 16366 × 1.025
= 16775.15 tonne
∇
(ii) Block Coefficient, Cb =
L×B×d
16366
=
140 × 18 × 9
= 0.7216
Am
(iii) Cm =
B×d
153
=
18 × 9
= 0.9444
Ans:
(i) Displacement, ∆ = 16775.15 tonne
(ii) Block Coefficient, Cb = 0.7216
(iii) Cm = 0.9444
6. Reed’s Second class Exam.No.36, (1991 Edition)
A collision bulkhead is in the form of an isosceles triangle and has a depth of 7.0 m and a width
at a deck 6.0 m. The bulkhead is flooded on one side with water of density 1.025 kg/m 3 and the
resultant load on the bulkhead is estimated at 195 KN. Calculate the depth of water to which the
bulkhead is flooded. (16)
6m
7m
D
B 6
by similar triangle, =
D 7
6
B= ×D
7
Load, F = ρg AH
1 D
195 = 1.025 × 9.81 × × BD ×
2 3
1 6 D
195 = 1.025 × 9.81 × × ×D×D×
2 7 3
195 = 1.4365 D3
3 195
D= √
1.4365
= 5.1394 m
Ans: the depth of water = 5.1394 m
7. (Ch;3, f5)
What is displacement of a ship? (4)
(b) The TPC values of a ship at 1.5 m intervals of draught, commencing at keek are 4.0, 6.1, 7.8,
9.1, 10.3, 11.4 and 12.0 respectively. Calculate at a draught of 9 m: (12)
(i) Displacement (ii) KB
Displacement
1. When a ship is floating freely at rest the mass of the ship is equal to the mass of the
volume of water displaced by the ship and is therefore known as the displacement of the
ship.
2. Thus if the Volume of the underwater portion of the ship is known, together with the
density of the water, it is possible to obtain the displacement of the ship.
3. These values may then be plotted to form a displacement curve from which the
displacement may be obtained at any intermediate draught. The following symbols will be
used:
∆ = displacement in tonne
∇ = Volume of displacement in m3
Thus for seawater ∆ = ∇ × 1.025
(b)
(i)
𝑻𝑷𝑪 𝑺𝑴 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓 ∆ 𝑳𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝒔𝒕 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

4.0 1 4.0 0 0
6.1 4 24.4 1 24.4
7.8 2 15.6 2 31.2
9.1 4 36.4 3 109.2
10.3 2 20.6 4 82.4
11.4 4 45.6 5 228.0
12.0 1 12.0 6 72.0
𝚺∆ = 𝟏𝟓𝟖. 𝟔 𝚺𝑴 = 𝟓𝟒𝟕. 𝟐
1
(𝑖)𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, ∆ = × ℎ × Σ∆ × 100
3
1
= × 1.5 × 158.6 × 100
3
= 7930 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
Σ𝑀
(𝑖𝑖) 𝐾𝐵 = ℎ ×
Σ∆
547.2
= 1.5 ×
158.6
= 5.175 𝑚
Ans:
(a)Displacement, ∆ = 7930 tonne
(b) KB = 5.175 m
8. (Chp;2, Example)
(a) What is the water plane area coefficient Cw? Write down the formula for Cw. (4)
2
(b) The water plane area of a ship is 1730 m . Calculate the TPC and increase in draught if a
Water plane area coefficient Cw

Waterplane area coefficient Cw is the ratio of the area of the waterplane to the product of the
length and breadth of the ship.
Waterplane Area
Cw =
Length × Breadth
Aw
Cw =
L×B
(b) The water plane area of a ship is 1730 m2. Calculate the TPC and increase in draught if a
𝐴𝑤 × 𝜌𝑠.𝑤
𝑇𝑃𝐶 =
100
1730 × 1.025
=
100
= 17.7325
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 =
𝑇𝑃𝐶
270
=
17.7325
= 15.2263 𝑐𝑚
Ans:
𝑇𝑃𝐶 = 17.7325
𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 15.2263 𝑐𝑚
9. (2nd class Exam question #21)
A floating dock 150 m long, 24 m overall width and 9 m draught consists of a rectangular bottom
compartment 3 m deep and rectangular wing compartments 2.5 m wide. A ship with a draught of
5.5 m is floated in 4000 tonne of ballast are pumped out of the dock to raise the ship 1.2 m.
Calculate the mean TPC of the ship. (16)
Given:
Find:
TPC = ?
Solution:
The dock must be rise 0.5 m before the ship touches.
If the ship rises 1.2 m,
The dock must rise = 0.5 + 1.2
= 1.7 m
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑐𝑘 1.7 𝑚 = 𝐿 × (2 × 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑒) × 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 × 𝜌𝑠.𝑤
= 150 × (2 × 2.5) × 1.7 × 1.025
= 1306.875 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 1.2 𝑚
= 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 − 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑐𝑘 1.7 𝑚
= 4000 − 1306.875
= 2693.125 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 =
𝑇𝑃𝐶
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑇𝑃𝐶 =
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡
2693.125
=
120
= 22.4427
Ans. Mean TPC = 22.4427
10. (2nd class Exam question #30 )
A ship 120 m long, 17 m beam and 7.2 m draught has a block coefficient of 0.76. A parallel
section 6m longs is added to the ship amidships. The midship sectional area coefficient is 0.96.
Find the new displacement and block coefficient. (16)
Solution:
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∆1 = 𝐿 × 𝐵 × 𝑑 × 𝐶𝑏 × 𝜌𝑆.𝑊
= 120 × 17 × 7.2 × 0.76 × 1.025
= 11441.952 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∆2 = 𝑙 × 𝐵 × 𝑑 × 𝐶𝑚 × 𝜌𝑆.𝑊
= 6 × 17 × 7.2 × 0.96 × 1.025
= 722.6496 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = ∆1 + ∆2
= 11441.952 + 722.6496
= 12164.6016 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝐿𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝐿 + 𝑙
= 120 + 6
= 126 𝑚
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝐿𝑛𝑒𝑤 × 𝑏 × 𝑑 × 𝜌𝑆.𝑊
12164.6016
=
126 × 17 × 7.2 × 1.025
= 0.7695
Ans.: New displacement = 12164.6016 tonne

New block coefficient = 0.7695
(a)What is meant by longitudinal centre of floatation (LCF)? (4)
(b)A mass of 6 tonne is moved transversely through a distance of 14 m on a ship of 4300 tonne
displacement, when the deflection of an 11 m pendulum is found to be 120 mm. The transverse
metacentre is 7.25 m above the keel. Determine the height of the centre of gravity above the keel.
(12)
(a) Centre of floatation (LCF)
1. Centre of floatation (LCF) is the centroid of the waterplane and is the axis about which a
ship changes trim when a mass is added, removed or moved longitudinally.
2. If a small mass (m) is added to a ship at the centre of flotation, there is an increase in
mean draught but no change in trim.
3. A large mass which is more than one twentieth of the displacement, will cause a
considerable increase in draught and hence a change in waterplane area and centre of
flotation.
(b) A mass of 6 tonne is moved transversely through a distance of 14 m on a ship of 4300

tonne displacement, when the deflection of an 11 m pendulum is found to be 120 mm.
The transverse metacentre is 7.25 m above the keel. Determine the height of the centre of
gravity above the keel. (12)
𝑚×𝑑
𝐺𝑀 =
∆ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑚×𝑑×𝑙
=
∆×𝑎
6 × 14 × 11
=
4300 × 0.12
= 1.7907 𝑚
𝐾𝐺 = 𝐾𝑀 − 𝐺𝑀
= 7.25 − 1.7907
= 5.4593 𝑚
Ans:
𝐾𝐺 = 5.4593 𝑚
(a)What is meant by trimming lever? Draw a sketch showing location of trimming lever. (4)
(b)A ship of 6000 tonne displacement is composed of masses of 300, 1200 and 2000 tonne at
distances 60,35 and 11 m aft of midships, and masses of 1000, 1000 and 500 tonne at distances 15,
30 and 50 m forward of midships. Calculate the distance of the centre of gravity of the ship from
midships. (12)
(a)Trimming Lever
1. When the LCB will not be in the same vertical line as G and
2. the distance of the LCB and LCF from midship.
3. A trimming moment acts on the ship.
4. This trimming moment is the displacement multiplied by the longituc1inal distance
between B and G. known as the trimming lever
(b) A ship of 6000 tonne displacement is composed of masses of 300, 1200 and 2000 tonne at
distances 60, 35 and 11 m aft of midships, and masses of 1000, 1000 and 500 tonne at distances
15, 30 and 50 m forward of midships. Calculate the distance of the centre of gravity of the ship
from midsbips. (12)
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑳𝑪𝑮 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒑 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒇𝒕

(𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆) (𝒎) (𝒕 𝒎) (𝒕 𝒎)
300 60 𝐴 18000
1200 35 𝐴 42000
2000 11 𝐴 22000
1000 15 𝐹 15000
1000 30 𝐹 30000
500 50 𝐹 25000
𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟖𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑠 =
𝛴 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
82000 − 70000
=
6000
=2 𝑚
Ans: 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑠 = 2 𝑚
13. (Chap;6, No.1)
(a) What is MCT1 cm and write down the formula for MCT 1 cm. (4)
(b)A ship 125 m long displaces 12 000 tonne. When a mass of 100 tonne is moved 75 m from
forward to aft there is a chance in trim of 65 cm by the stern. Calculate: (a) MCT 1cm
(b) the longitudinal metacentric height .(c) the distance moved by the centre of gravity of the
ship. (12)
(a) MCT 1 cm
The MCT 1 cm is the moment required to change the trim of the vessel by 1 cm and can be
calculated by using the formula
W x GM
MCT 1 cm = 100 L L
Where,
W = The vessel’s displacement in tones
GML = The longitudinal metacentric height in metres
L = Vessel’s length in metres
(b) A ship 125 m long displaces 12 000 tonne. When a mass of 100 tonne is moved 75 m from
forward to aft there is a chance in trim of 65 cm by the stern. Calculate: (a) MCT1cm (b) the
longitudinal metacentric height (c) the distance moved by the centre of gravity of the ship.
(12)
𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎) 𝑡 =
𝑚×𝑑
𝑀𝐶𝑇1𝑐𝑚 =
𝑡
100 × 75
=
65
= 115.3846 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑚
∆ × 𝐺𝑀𝐿
𝑏) 𝑀𝐶𝑇1𝑐𝑚 =
100 𝐿
𝑀𝐶𝑇1𝑐𝑚 × 100 𝐿
𝐺𝑀𝐿 =
∆
115.3846 × 100 × 125
=
12000
= 120.1923 𝑚
𝑚×𝑑
𝑐) 𝐺𝐺1 =
∆
100 × 75
=
12000
= 0.625 𝑚
Ans:
𝑀𝐶𝑇1𝑐𝑚 = 115.3846 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑚
𝐺𝑀𝐿 = 120.1923 𝑚
𝐺𝐺1 = 0.625 𝑚
14. #1. Ch.1 Example 3.
A rectangular double bottom tank is 20 m long , 12 m wide and 1.5 m deep and is full of
sea water having a density of 1.025 tonne/m3 . Calculate the pressure in kN/m3 and the load in
MN on the top and bottom of the tank if the water is
(a) at the top of the tank
(b) 10 m up the sounding pipe above the tank top. (16)
(𝑎)𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐻
= 1.025 × 9.81 × 0
=0
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐻
= 1.025 × 9.81 × 1.5
= 15.0829 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 𝑃 × 𝐴
= 15.0829 × 20 × 12
= 3619.896 𝑘𝑁
= 3.6199 𝑀𝑁
(𝑏) 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐻
= 1.025 × 9.81 × 10
= 100.5525 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 𝑃 × 𝐴
= 100.5525 × 20 × 12
= 24132.6 𝑘𝑁
= 24.1326 𝑀𝑁
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐻
= 1.025 × 9.81 × 11.5
= 115.6354 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 𝑃 × 𝐴
= 115.6354 × 20 × 12
= 27752.496 𝑘𝑁
= 27.7525 𝑀𝑁
Ans: a) Pressure on top = 0

Load on top = 0
Pressure on bottom =15.0829 kN/m2
Load on bottom = 3.6199 MN
b) Pressure on top = 100.5525 kN/m2
Load on top = 24.1326 MN
Pressure on bottom = 115.6354 kN/m2
Load on bottom = 27.7525 MN
(b) A rectangular bulkhead is 10 m wide and 8 m deep. It is loaded on one side only with oil of
relative density 0.8. Calculate the load on the bulkhead if the oil is:
(i) just at the top of the bulkhead. (ii) 3m up the surrounding pipe. (12)
a) The centre of pressure on an immersed plane is the point at which the whole liquid load may
2 1 5
𝐶𝑝 = 𝐷 𝐶𝑝 = 𝐷 𝐶𝑝 = 𝐷
3 2 8
(𝑏) (𝑖)𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻

8
= 0.8 × 1.0 × 9.81 × 10 × 8 ×
2
= 2511.36 𝑘𝑁
(𝑖𝑖)𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
8
= 0.8 × 1.0 × 9.81 × 10 × 8 × ( + 3)
2
= 4394.88 𝑘𝑁
Ans. (i) Load on bulkhead = 2511.36 kN

(ii) Load on bulkhead = 4394.88 kN
NA& SC Bank 9-+10+50 Updated 27th May 2016 WISE WISH METC 25
A peak bulkhead is in the form of a triangle, apex down, 6 m wide at the top and 9 m deep.
The tank is filled with sea water. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position of the
centre of pressure relative to the top of the bulkhead
if the water is;
(a) at the top of the bulkhead
(b) 4m up the sounding pipe. (16)
(𝑎)𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
6×9 9
= 1.025 × 9.81 × ×
2 3
= 814.4753 𝑘𝑁
𝐷
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 =
2
9
=
2
= 4.5 𝑚
(𝑏)𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
6×9 9
= 1.025 × 9.81 × × ( + 4)
2 3
= 1900.4423 𝑘𝑁
𝐼𝑁−𝐴
𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 = +𝐻
𝐴𝐻
2 × 6 × 93
= +7
36 × 6 × 9 × 7
= 0.6429 + 7
= 7.6429
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 7.6429 − 4
= 3.6429 𝑚
Ans: (a) at the top of the bulkhead

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 814.4753 𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 4.5 𝑚
(b) 4 m up the sounding pipe.
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 1900.4423 𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 3.6429 𝑚
17. #5,Ch.1, No.4
(b) A ballast tank is 15 m long, 12 m wide and 1.4 m deep and is filled with fresh water.
Calculate the load on the top and short side. if:
(a) the tank is just completely full
(b) there is a head of 7 m of water above the tank top. (12)
(a)Centre of gravity
1. The centre of gravity of an object is the point at which the whole weight of the object may be
regarded as acting.
2. If the object is suspended from this point, then it will remain balanced and will not tilt.
3. It is usual to measure the 'Vertical position of the centre of gravity of the ship above the
keel and this distance is denoted by KG.
4. The longitudinal position of the centre of gravity (LCG) is usually given as a distance
forward or aft of midships.
(b)
𝑎) 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
= 0 (∵ 𝐻 = 0)
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
1.4
= 1.000 × 9.81 × 12 × 1.4 × ( )
2
= 115.3656 𝑘𝑁
𝑏) 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
= 1.000 × 9.81 × 15 × 12 × 7
= 12.3606 𝑀𝑁
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
1.4
= 1.000 × 9.81 × 12 × 1.4 × ( + 7)
2
= 1.269 𝑀𝑁
Ans:
𝑎) 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝐹 =0
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐹 = 115.3656 𝑘𝑁
𝑏) 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝐹 = 12.3606 𝑀𝑁
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐹 = 1.269 𝑀𝑁
18. #6.Ch. 1, No.6
A bulkhead is in the form of a trapezoid 9 m wide at the deck. 5 m wide at the bottom and 8 m
deep. Find the load on the bulkhead if it bas oil (rd 0.85) on one side only: (a) to a depth of 6 m.
(b) with 4 m head to the top edge. (16)
6
𝑥 = 2×
8
𝑥 = 1.5 𝑚
𝑎) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
6
= (0.85 × 1) × 9.81 × 5 × 6 ×
2
= 750.465 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 2 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
1.5 × 6 6
= 2 × 0.85 × 1 × 9.81 × ×
2 3
= 150.093 𝑘𝑁
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐹 = 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 + 𝐹𝑡𝑟𝑖
= 750.465 + 150.093
= 900.558 𝑘𝑁
𝑏) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
= 2.6683 𝑀𝑁
8
= (0.85 × 1) × 9.81 × 5 × 8 × ( + 4)
2
2×8 8
= 2 × 0.85 × 1 × 9.81 × × ( + 4)
2 3
= 0.8894 𝑀𝑁
= 2.6683 + 0.8894
= 3.5577 𝑀𝑁
Ans: (a) to a depth of 6 m, Load = 900.558 𝑘𝑁
with 4 m head to the top edge, Load = 3.5577 𝑀𝑁
19. #7.Ch. 1, No.7
The end bulkhead of an oil fuel bunker is in the form of a rectangle 10 m wide and 12 m high.
Find the total load and the position of the centre of pressure relative to the top of the bulkhead if
the tank is filled with oil (rd 0.9):
(a) to the top edge
(b) with 3 m head to the top edge. (16)
𝑎) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
12
= (0.9 × 1) × 9.81 × 10 × 12 ×
2
= 6.3569 𝑀𝑁
2
𝐶𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 𝐷
3
2
= × 12
3
=8 𝑚
𝑏) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻

12
= (0.9 × 1) × 9.81 × 10 × 12 × ( + 3)
2
= 9.5353 𝑀𝑁
𝐼𝑁𝐴
𝐶𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑖𝑙 = +𝐻
𝐴𝐻
𝐵 𝐷3
= +𝐻
12 × 𝐴𝐻
10 × 123 12
= + ( + 3)
12 2
12 × 10 × 12 × ( 2 + 3)
= 1.3333 + 9
= 10.3333 𝑚
𝐶𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 10.3333 − 3
= 7.3333 𝑚
Ans:
𝑎) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐹 = 6.3569 𝑀𝑁
𝐶𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 =8 𝑚
𝑏) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐹 = 9.5353 𝑀𝑁
𝐶𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 7.3333 𝑚
20. #8.Ch. 1, No.9
(a) What is the relative density or specific gravity of the substance? (4)
(b)A triangular bulkhead is 5 m wide at the top and 7 m deep. It is loaded to a depth D with sea
water, when it is found that the load on the bulkhead is 190 kN. Find the depth D and the
distance from the top of the bulkhead to the centre of pressure. (12)
(a) Relative Density or specific gravity of a substance is the density of the substance divided
by the density of fresh water, i.e. the ratio of the mass of any volume of the substance to the
mass of the same volume of fresh water.
(b)
5
𝑏= ×𝑑
7
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
1 5 𝑑
190 = 1.025 × 9.81 × × 𝑑 × × 𝑑 ×
2 7 3
190 × 2 × 7 × 3
𝑑3 =
1.025 × 9.81 × 5
𝑑 = 5.4144 𝑚
1
𝐶𝑃 = × 𝑑
2
1
= × 5.4144
2
= 2.7072 𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝐶𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 2.7072 + (7.0 − 5.4144)
= 4.2928 𝑚
Ans:
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑑 = 5.4144 𝑚
𝐶𝑃 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 4.2928 𝑚
21. #9.Ch. 1, No. 12
A bulkhead is supported by vertical stiffeners. The distance between the stiffeners is one ninth of
the depth of the bulkhead. When the bulkhead is flooded to the top with sea water on one side
only, the maximum shearing force in the stiffeners is 200 kN. Calculate:
(a) the height of the bulkhead, (b) the shearing force at the top of the stiffeners, (c) the position
of zero shear. (16)
2
𝑎) 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑆. 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ×𝐹
3
3
𝐹 = 200 ×
2
= 300 𝑘𝑁
𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻
𝑙 𝑙
= 1.025 × 9.81 × (𝑙 × ) ×
9 2
300 × 9 × 2
𝑙3 =
1.025 × 9.81
= 537.0329
𝑙 = 8.1283 𝑚
1
𝑏) 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑆. 𝐹𝑇 = ×𝐹
3
1
= × 300
3
= 100 𝑘𝑁
𝑙
𝑐) 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑥 =
√3
8.1283
=
√3
= 4.6929 𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝
Ans:
𝑎) 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑, 𝑙 = 8.1283 𝑚
𝑏) 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑆. 𝐹𝑇 = 100 𝑘𝑁
𝑐) 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 4.6929 𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑝
22. #11.Reed’s Second Class Exam. Ques. No. 32(1979 Edition)
1 m3 of solid coal has a mass of 1190 kg and absorbs 8% of its mass in moisture. A bunker
contains 175 tonne of coal at a stowage rate of 1.32 m3/t and lies completely below the waterline.
The bunker is now flooded. Calculated the mass of sea water entering the bunker. (16)
Solution:
175
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 175 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑙 𝑉1 =
1.190
= 147.0588 𝑚3
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 175 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑙 𝑉2 = 175 × 1.32
= 231 𝑚3
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑉2 − 𝑉1
= 231 − 147.0588
= 83.9412 𝑚3
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑚1 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 × 𝜌𝑠.𝑤
= 83.9412 × 1.025
= 86.0397 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑙 𝑚2 = 175 × 0.08
= 14.00 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑚1 + 𝑚2
= 86.0397 + 14.00
= 100.0397 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
Ans. Total mass of water entering compartment = 100.0397 tonne
23. #13.Ch. 2 Example 7
A ship 135 m long, 18 m beam and 7.6 m draught has a displacement of 14,000 ton. The area of
the load waterplane is 1925 m2 and the area of the immersed midship section 130 m2. Calculate
(a) Cw, (b) Cm, (c) Cb, (d) Cp. (16)
Solution:
𝐴𝑤
𝑎) 𝐶𝑤 =
𝐿×𝐵
1925
=
135 × 18
= 0.7922
𝐴𝑚
𝑏) 𝐶𝑚 =
𝐵×𝑑
130
=
18 × 7.6
= 0.9503
∆
∇=
𝜌𝑠.𝑤
14000
=
1.025
= 13658.5366 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
∆
𝑐) 𝐶𝑏 =
𝐿×𝐵×𝑑
13658.5366
=
135 × 18 × 7.6
= 0.7396
∆
𝑑) 𝐶𝑝 =
𝐿 × 𝐴𝑚
13658.5366
=
135 × 130
= 0.7783
Ans:
a) Cw =0.7922
b) Cm = 0.9503
b) Cb = 0.7396
c) Cp = 0.7783
24. #14.Ch. 2 Example 8
(a)What is the displacement of the ship?
(b) A ship of 5000 tonne displacement, 95 m long floats at a draught of 5.5 m. Calculate the
wetted surface area of the ship,
(i)Using Denny's formula
(ii) Using Taylor's formula with c = 2.6 (16)
(a) Displacement
(a) When a ship is floating freely at rest the mass of the ship is equal to the mass of the
volume of water displaced by the ship and is therefore known as the displacement of the
ship.
(b) Thus if the Volume of the underwater portion of the ship is known, together with the
density of the water, it is possible to obtain the displacement of the ship.
(c) These values may then be plotted to form a displacement curve from which the
displacement may be obtained at any intermediate draught. The following symbols will
be used:
(b) (i)
∇
S = 1.7Ld + d
5000
= 1.7 x 95 x 5.5 + 1.025 x 5.5
= 888.25 + 886.918
= 1775.168 m2
(ii) 𝑆 = 𝐶√∆ 𝐿
= 2.6 √ 5000 × 95
=1791.9263 m2
25. #15.Ch. 2, Example 9
A ship 110 m long displaces 9000 tonne and has a wetted surface area of 2205 m2 Calculate the
displacement and wetted surface area of a 6 m model of the ship.
∆ 𝛼 𝐿3
∆2 𝐿2 3
=( )
∆1 𝐿1
𝐿2 3
∆2 = ∆1 × ( )
𝐿1
6 3
= 9000 × ( )
110
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 = 1.4606 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑆 𝛼 𝐿2
𝑆2 𝐿2 2
=( )
𝑆1 𝐿1
𝐿2 2
𝑆2 = 𝑆1 × ( )
𝐿1
6 2
= 2205 × ( )
110
𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 = 6.5603 𝑚2
Ans:
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 = 1.4606 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑊𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 = 6.5603 𝑚2
26. #16.Ch. 2, No. 11
The length of a ship is 18 times the draught, while the breadth is 2.1 times the draught. At the
load waterplane, the waterplane area coefficient is 0.83 and the difference between the TPC in
sea water and the TPC in fresh water is 0.7. Determine the length of the ship and the TPC in
fresh water. (16)
Given: L = 18 d
B = 2.1 d
Cw =0.83
TPCsw- TPCfw = 0.7
Find: L = ?
TPCfw = ?
Solution:
𝐿
𝑑=
18
𝐵 = 2.1 × 𝑑
2.1
= 𝐿
18
𝐴𝑤 × 𝜌
𝑇𝑃𝐶 =
100
𝐴𝑤 × 1.025
𝑇𝑃𝐶𝑠𝑤 =
100
= 0.01025 𝐴𝑤
𝑇𝑃𝐶𝑓𝑤 = 0.0100 𝐴𝑤
𝑇𝑃𝐶𝑠𝑤 − 𝑇𝑃𝐶𝑓𝑤 = 0.7
0.01025 𝐴𝑤 − 0.0100 𝐴𝑤 = 0.7
0.7
𝐴𝑤 =
0.00025
= 2800 𝑚2
𝐴𝑤 = 𝐶𝑤 × 𝐿 × 𝐵
2.1
2800 = 0.83 × 𝐿 × 𝐿
18
2800 × 18
𝐿2 =
0.83 × 2.1
𝐿 = 170.0461 𝑚
𝑇𝑃𝐶𝑓𝑤 = 0.0100 𝐴𝑤
= 0.0100 × 2800
= 28
Ans:
𝐿 = 170.0461 𝑚
𝑇𝑃𝐶𝑓𝑤 = 28
27. #17.Ch. 2, No.13
A ship of 14 000 tonne displacement, 130 m long, floats at a draught of 8 m. Calculate the wetted
surface area of the ship using: (a) Denny's formula, (b) Taylor's formula with c = 2.58 (16)
∆
∇=
𝜌𝑠.𝑤
14000
=
1.025
= 13658.5366 𝑚3
∇
𝑎) 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑦 ′ 𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎, 𝑆 = 1.7 × 𝐿𝑑 +
𝑑
13658.5366
= 1.7 × 130 × 8 + ( )
8
= 3475.3171 𝑚2
𝑏) 𝑇𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑟 ′ 𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎, 𝑆 = 𝑐 √∆ 𝐿
= 2.58 √14000 × 130
= 3480.6103 𝑚2
Ans:
𝑎) 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑦 ′ 𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎, 𝑆 = 3475.3171 𝑚2
𝑏) 𝑇𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑟 ′ 𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎, 𝑆 = 3480.6103 𝑚2
28. #18.Ch. 2, No.14
A box barge is 75 m long, 9 m beam and 6 m deep. A similar barge having a volume of 3200 m3
is to be constructed. Calculate the length, breadth and depth of the new barge. (16)
∇1 = 𝐿1 × 𝐵1 × 𝑑1
= 75 × 9 × 6
= 4050 𝑚3
∇ ∝ 𝐿3
∇2 𝐿2 3
=( )
∇1 𝐿1
3 ∇2
𝐿2 = 𝐿1 × √
∇1
3 3200
= 75 × √
4050
= 69.3361 𝑚
3 ∇2
𝐵2 = 𝐵1 × √
∇1
3 3200
=9× √
4050
= 8.3203 𝑚
3 ∇2
𝑑2 = 𝑑1 × √
∇1
3 3200
=6× √
4050
= 5.5469 𝑚
Ans:
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝐿2 = 69.3361 𝑚
𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑡ℎ, 𝐵2 = 8.3203 𝑚
𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ, 𝑑2 = 5.5469 𝑚
29. #19.Ch. 2, No.15
The wetted surface area of a ship is twice that of a similar ship. The displacement of the latter is
2000 tonne less than the former. Determine the displacement of the latter. (16)
Let S1 = wetted surface area of small ship

S2 = wetted surface area of large ship
S2 = 2 × S1
∆2 = ∆1 + 2000 tonne
3
∆ ∝ 𝑆2
3
∆1 𝑆1 2
=( )
∆2 𝑆2
3
𝑆1 2
∆1 = ∆2 × ( )
𝑆2
3
𝑆1 2
= (∆1 + 2000) × ( )
2 𝑆1
707.2
=
0.6464
= 1094.0594 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
Ans: displacement of the latter = 1094.0594 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
30. #21.Ch.3, Example 2:
The immersed cross-sectional areas through a ship 180 m long at equal intervals, are 5, 118,
233, 291, 303, 304,304, 302, 283, 171 and 0 m 2 respectively. Calculate the displacement of the
ship in sea water of 1.025 tonne/m 3. (16)
CSA SM PRODUCT OF VOLUME

5 1 5
118 4 472
233 2 466
291 4 1164
303 2 606
304 4 1216
304 2 608
302 4 1208
283 2 566
171 4 684
0 1 0
6995 = ∑ ∇
Common interval = 180/10 = 18 m
ℎ
Volume of displacement = 3 ∑ ∇
18
= × 6995
3
= 41 970 m3
Displacement = vol of displacement x density
= 41 970 × 1.025
= 43 019.25 tonne
Ans: Displacement of ship = 43019.25 tonne
31. #22.Ch. 3 Example 3
The TPC values for a ship at 1.2 m intervals of draught commencing at the keel, are 8.2, 16.5,
13.7, 19.4, 20.0,20.5 and 21.1 respectively. Calculate the displacement at 7.2 m draught. (16)
Draught TPC SM Product for displacement

0 8.2 1 8.2
1.2
0 16.5 4 66.0
2.4 18.7 2 37.4
3.6 19.4 4 77.6
4.8 20.0 2 40.0
6.0 20.5 4 82.0
7.2 21.1 1 21.1
332.3
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 = 1.2 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 120 𝑐𝑚

1
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = × ℎ × Σ∆
3
1
= × 120 × 332.3
3
= 13292 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
Ans: displacement = 13929 tonne
A ship of 4000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 1-5 m aft of midships and 4 m above
the keel. 200 tonne of cargo are now added.45 m forward of midships and 12 m above the keel.
Calculate the new position of the centre of gravity. (16)
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐿𝐶𝐺 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑓𝑡
4000 1.5 6000
200 45 9000
4200 9000 6000
𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝛴 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑒𝑑 − 𝛴 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑓𝑡
= 9000 − 6000
= 3000 𝑡 𝑚
𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐿𝐶𝐺 =
Σ 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
3000
=
4200
= 0.7143 𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐾𝐺 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
4000 4 16000
200 12 2400
4200 18400
𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐾𝐺 =
18400
=
4200
= 4.381 𝑚
𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝐺 = 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐾𝐺 − 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝐺
= 4.381 − 4
= 0.381 𝑚
𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝐿𝐶𝐺 = 0.7143 + 1.5
= 2.2143 𝑚
𝐺𝐺1 = √𝐺𝑇 2 + 𝑇𝐺1 2
= √2.21432 + 0.3812
= 2.2468 𝑚
𝑇𝐺1
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
𝐺𝑇
0.381
=
2.2413
𝜃 = 9𝑜 39′
Ans:
New LCG = 0.7143 𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝
𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝐺 = 0.381 𝑚
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝜃 = 9𝑜 39′
33. #30.Ch. 4 Example 5
A ship of 10 000 tonne displacement has a mass of 60 tonne lying on the deck. A derrick, whose
head is 7.5 m above the centre of gravity of the mass, is used to place the mass on the tank top
10.5 m below the deck. Calculate the shift in the vessel's centre of gravity when the mass is :
(a) just clear of the deck
(c) in its final position. (16)
𝑚×𝑑
𝑎) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘, 𝐶𝐺 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 =
∆
60 × 7.5
=
10000
= 0.045 𝑚 𝑢𝑝
𝑏) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑, 𝑛𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐺
𝐺𝐺1 = 0.045 𝑚 𝑢𝑝
𝑚×𝑑
𝑐) 10.5 𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘 =
∆
60 × 10.5
=
10000
= 0.063 𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛
Ans: (a) just clear of the deck = 0.045 m up

(b) at the derrick head = 0.045 m up
(c) in its final position. = 0.063 m down
34. #31.Ch.4, N0.1
A ship of 4000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 6 m above the keel. Find the new
displacement and position of the centre of gravity when masses of 1000, 200, 5000 and 3000
tonne are added at positions 0.8, 1.0, 5.0 and 9.5 m above the keel. (16)
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑲𝑮 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

4000 6.0 24000
1000 0.8 800
200 1.0 200
5000 5.0 25000
3000 9.5 28500
𝟏𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟕𝟖𝟓𝟎𝟎
∆𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 13200 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒

Σ 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐾𝐺𝑛 =
Σ 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
78500
=
13200
= 5.947 𝑚
Ans:
∆𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 13200 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝐾𝐺𝑛 = 5.947 𝑚
35. #32.Ch.4, No.2
The centre of gravity of a ship of 5000 tonne displacement is 6 m above the keel and 1.5 at
forward of midsbips. Calculate the new position of the centre of gravity if 500 tonne of cargo are
placed in the tween decks 10 m above the keel and 36 m aft of midships. (16)
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑲𝑮 𝑽. 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑳𝑪𝑮 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒑 𝑳. 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

5000 6.0 30000 1.5 𝐹 7500 𝐹
500 10.0 5000 36.0 𝐴 18000 𝐴
𝟓𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑨
𝛴 𝑉. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐾𝐺𝑛 =
35000
=
5500
= 6.3636 𝑚
𝛴 𝐿. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐿𝐶𝐺𝑛 =
10500
=
5500
= 1.9091 𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡
Ans:
𝐾𝐺𝑛 = 6.3636 𝑚
𝐿𝐶𝐺𝑛 = 1.9091 𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡
36. #33.Ch.4, No.4
An oil tanker of 17 000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 1 m aft of midships and has
250 tonne of oil fuel in its forward deep tank 75 m from midships. This fuel is transferred to the
after oil fuel bunker whose centre is 50 m from midships. 200 tonne of fuel from the after bunker
is now burned. . Calculate the new position of the centre of gravity:
(a) after the oil has been transferred
(b) after the oil has been used. (16)
𝑚×𝑑
𝑎) 𝑜𝑖𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟, 𝐺𝐺1 =
∆
250 × (75 + 50)
=
17000
= 1.8382 𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡
𝐿𝐶𝐺𝑛 = 1.8382 + 1.0
= 2.8382 𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝
𝑏) 𝑜𝑖𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐿𝐶𝐹 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝐿. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
17000 2.8382 48249.4
− 200 50 − 10000
16800 38249.4
𝛴 𝐿. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐿𝐶𝐺𝑛 =
38249.4
=
16800
= 2.2768 𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝
Ans:
𝑎) 𝑜𝑖𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟, 𝐿𝐶𝐺𝑛 = 2.8382 𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝
𝑏) 𝑜𝑖𝑙 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑, 𝐿𝐶𝐺𝑛 = 2.2768 𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝
37. #34.Ch. 4, No.7
A vessel of 8000 tonne displacement has 75 tonne of cargo on the deck. It is lifted by a derrick
whose head is 10.5 m above the centre of gravity of the cargo, and placed in the lower hold 9 m
below the deck and 14 m forward of its original position. Calculate the shift in the vessel's centre
of gravity from its original position when the cargo is
(a) just clear of the deck, (b) at the derrick head, (c) in its final position. (16)
Given:
Find:
GG1 = ? (a) just clear of the deck
(c) in its final position.
Solution:
𝑎) 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘 =
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑
𝐺𝐺1 =
∆
75 × 10.5
=
8000
= 0.0984 𝑚 𝑢𝑝
𝑏) 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑘 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝐺𝐺1 = 0.0984 𝑚 𝑢𝑝
𝑐) 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝐺𝐺1 =
∆
75 × 9
=
8000
= 0.0844 𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝐺𝐺1 =
∆
75 × 14
=
8000
= 0.1313 𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
Ans: (a) just clear of the deck 𝐺𝐺1 = 0.0984 𝑚 𝑢𝑝
(b) at the derrick head 𝐺𝐺1 = 0.0984 𝑚 𝑢𝑝
(c) in its final position. 𝐺𝐺1 = 0.0844 𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0.1313 𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
38.Reed’s 2nd class Exam question No.50(1983 edition)
A box barge 40 m long and 7.5 m wide floats in sea water with draught forward and aft of 1.2 m
and 2.4 m respectively. Where should a mass of 90 tonne be added to obtain a level keel draught?
(16)
If it is assumed that the mass is first added a midships, there will be a bodily increase in draught
without change of trim.
To obtain a level keel draught the wedge of buoyancy WFW1 must be transferred to L1 FL
Mass of wedge
Distance moved
Let 𝑥 = distance moved forward by 90 tonne, then

1
90𝑥 =46.125× 2 × 40
46.125×2×40
𝑥= 90×3
=13.67 m
39.# Reed’s 2nd class Exam Quest;No.43
For a ship of 4600 tonne displacement the metecentric height (GM) is 0.77 m. A 200 container is
moved from the hold to the upper deck.
Determine the angle of heel developed if, during this process, the centre of mass of the container
is moved 8 m vertically and 1.1 m transversely. (16)
𝑚 ×𝑑
𝐺𝐺1 =
∆
200 × 8
=
4600
= 0.3478 𝑚
𝐺𝑀𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝐺𝑀 − 𝐺𝐺1
= 0.77 − 0.3478
= 0.4222 𝑚
𝑚 ×𝑑
tan 𝜃 =
∆ × 𝐺𝑀𝑛𝑒𝑤
200 × 1.1
=
4600 × 0.4222
= 0.1133 𝑚
𝜃 = 6° 28′
Ans : Angle of heel = 6° 28′
40.#36.Ch. 5 Example 7
The righting levers of a ship of 15000 tonne displacement at angles of heel of 15o, 30o ,45o and
60o are 0.29, 0.70, 0.93 and 0.90 m respectively. Calculate the dynamical stability of the ship at
60o heel. (16)
Given:
∆= 15000 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 15𝑜 30𝑜 45𝑜 60𝑜
𝐺𝑍 0.29 0.70 0.93 0.90
Find:
dynamical stability of the ship = ? at 60o heel
Solution:
Angle GZ SM Product for area
0 0 1 0
15o 0.29 4 1.16
30o 0.70 2 1.40
45o 0.93 4 3.72
60o 0.90 1 0.90
7.18
15
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 ℎ = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠
57.3
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = × ℎ × Σ 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
3
1 15
= × × 7.18
3 57.3
= 0.6265 𝑚2
𝐷𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = Δ × 𝑔 × 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
= 15000 × 9.81 × 0.6265
= 92189.475 𝑘𝐽
= 92.1895 𝑀𝐽
Ans.: 𝐷𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟓 𝑴𝑱
41. #37.Ch.5, Example 2.
A vessel of constant triangular cross-section has a depth of 12 m and a breadth at the deck of 15 m.
Calculate the draught at which the vessel will become unstable if the centre of gravity is 6.675 m
above the keel. (16)
𝑏 𝐵
𝐵𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒, =𝐷
𝑑
15
𝑏= ×𝑑
12
5
= 4𝑑
2
𝐾𝐵 = 3 𝑑
1
𝛻 = 2×𝑏×𝑑×𝐿
𝐿𝐵3
𝐼= 12
𝐼
𝐵𝑀 = 𝛻
𝐿𝐵3 ×2
= 12×𝑏×𝑑×𝐿
𝑏2
= 6𝑑
1 5 2
= 6 𝑑 × (4 𝑑)
25
= 96 𝑑
𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐺 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐾𝑀 = 𝐾𝐺
𝐾𝐺 = 𝐾𝐵 + 𝐵𝑀
2 25
6.675 = 3 𝑑 + 96 𝑑
89
= 96 𝑑
𝑑 = 7.2 𝑚
Ans: the draught, d = 7.2 m
42. #39.Ch. 5, No. 2.
A vessel of 10 000 tonne displacement has a second moment of area of waterplane about the
centre line of 60 x 103 m4 .The centre of buoyancy is 2.75 m above the keel. The following are
the disposition of the masses on board the ship.
Calculate the metacentric height (16)
𝐼
𝐵𝑀 = ∇
60×103 ×1.025
= 10000
= 6.15 𝑚
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑲𝑮 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
4000 6.3 25200
2000 7.5 15000
4000 9.15 36600
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟕𝟔𝟖𝟎𝟎
Σ 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐾𝐺 = Σ 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
76800
= 10000
= 7.68 𝑚
𝐺𝑀 = 𝐾𝐵 + 𝐵𝑀 − 𝐾𝐺
= 2.75 + 6.15 − 7.68
= 1.22 𝑚
Ans: the metacentric height = 1.22 𝑚
43. #40.Ch. 5, No. 3.
A vessel of constant rectangu1ar cross-section has a breadth of 12 m and metacentric height of
one quarter of the draught. The Vertical of gravity lies on the waterline. Calculate the draught.
(16)
𝑑
𝐾𝐵 = 2
𝐵2
𝐵𝑀 = 12 𝑑
122
= 12 𝑑
12
= 𝑑
𝐾𝐺 = 𝑑
𝑑
𝐺𝑀 = 4
𝐾𝐺 + 𝐺𝑀 = 𝐾𝐵 + 𝐵𝑀
𝑑 𝑑 12
𝑑+4=2+ 𝑑
3 12
𝑑=
4 𝑑
4
𝑑2 = 3 × 12
𝑑=4 𝑚
Ans: the draught = 4 m
44. #41.Ch. 5, No. 11.
A ship of 6000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 5.9 m above the keel and transverse
metacentre 6.8 m above the keel. A rectangular double bottom tank 10.5 m long, 12 m wide and
1.2 m deep is now half-fllled with sea water. Calculate the metacentric height (16)
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑆. 𝑊 = 𝜌 𝑙𝑏ℎ
1.2
= 1.025 × 10.5 × 12 × 2
= 77.49 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑲𝑮 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
6000 5.9 35400
77.49 0.3 23.247
𝟔𝟎𝟕𝟕. 𝟒𝟗 𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟐𝟑. 𝟐𝟒𝟕
Σ Moment
𝐾𝐺𝑛 = Σ Mass
35423.247
= 6077.49
= 5.8286 𝑚
𝜌×𝐿𝐵3
𝐺𝐺2 = Σ 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠×12
1.025×10.5×123
= 6077.49×12
= 0.255 𝑚
𝐾𝑀 = 𝐾𝐺𝑛 + 𝐺𝐺2 + 𝐺𝑀𝑛
𝐺𝑀𝑛 = 𝐾𝑀 − 𝐾𝐺𝑛 − 𝐺𝐺2
= 6.8 − 5.8286 − 0.255
= 0.7164 𝑚
Ans: the metacentric height = 0.7164 𝑚
45. #43.Ch. 6 Example 2
A ship 150 m long has draughts of 7.70 m forward and 8.25 m aft, MCT1cm 250 tonne m, TPC
26 and LCF 1.8 m forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts after the following masses
have been added:
100 tonne,5 m aft of midships
130 tonne, 4 m forward of midships. (16)
𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕. 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑳𝑪𝑭 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑨𝒇𝒕
50 71.8 𝐴 3590
170 37.8 𝐴 6426
100 6.8 𝐴 680
130 2.2 𝐹 286
40 61.2 𝐹 2448
𝚺 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 = 𝟒𝟗𝟎 𝟐𝟕𝟑𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟔
𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑓𝑡 = Σ 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑓𝑡 − Σ 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
= 10696 − 2734
= 7962 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑚
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑡= 𝑀𝐶𝑇 1𝑐𝑚
7962
= 250
= 31.848 𝑐𝑚
𝑡
31.848 150
= ×( − 1.8)
150 2
= 15.5418 𝑐𝑚
= 31.848 − 15.5418
= 16.3062 𝑐𝑚
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠 = 𝑇𝑃𝐶
490
= 26
= 18.8462 𝑐𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 𝑑𝑓 + 𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓
= 770 + 18.8462 − 15.5418
= 773.3044 𝑐𝑚
= 7.733 𝑚
𝐷𝑎 = 𝑑𝑎 + 𝑠 − 𝑇𝑎
= 825 + 18.8462 + 16.3062
= 860.1524 𝑐𝑚
= 8.6015 𝑚
Ans: New draught forward = 7.733 m

New draught aft = 8.6015 m
A ship 120 m long and 9100 tonne displacement floats at a level keel draught of 6.50 m in fresh
water of 1.000 t/m3. MCTI cm 130 tonne m, TPC in sea water 16.5, LCB 2.30 m forward of
midships. LCF 0.6 m aft of midships. Calculate the new draughts if the vessel moves Into sea
water of 1.024 t/m3 without change in displacement. (16)
∆ 𝜌𝑆 – 𝜌𝑅
Reduction in mean draught = ( )
TPC 𝜌𝑅
9100 1.024 − 1.000

= ( )
16.5 1.000
= 13.24 𝑐𝑚
∆ 𝐹𝐵 𝜌𝑆 – 𝜌𝑅
Change in trim = ( )
MCTI cm 𝜌𝑅
9100 × (2.30 + 0.60) 1.024 − 1.000

= ( )
130 1.000
= 4.87 cm by the stern
4.87 120
Change forward = − ( + 0.6)
120 2
= −2.46 𝑐𝑚
4.87 120
Change aft = + ( − 0.6)
120 2
= + 2.41 𝑐𝑚
New draught forward = 6.50 − 0.132 − 0.025
= 6.343 𝑚
New draught aft = 6.50 − 0.132 + 0.024
= 6.392 𝑚
47. #46.Ch. 6, No. 2.
A ship 120 m long floats at draughts of 5.50 m forward and 5.80 m aft: MCT1cm 80 tonne m, TPC
13, LCF 2.5 m forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts when a mass of 110 tonne is
added 24 m aft of midships. (16)
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
110
= 13
= 8.4615 𝑐𝑚
𝑚×𝑑
𝑡 = 𝑀𝐶𝑇
1𝑐𝑚
110×(24+2.5)
= 80
= 36.4375 𝑐𝑚
𝑡
36.4375 120
= ×( − 2.5)
120 2
= 17.4596 𝑐𝑚
= 36.4375 − 17.4596
= 18.9779 𝑐𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 𝑑𝑓 + 𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓
= 550 + 8.4615 − 17.4596
= 541.0019 𝑐𝑚
= 5.41 𝑚
𝐷𝑎 = 𝑑𝑎 + 𝑠 + 𝑇𝑎
= 580 + 8.4615 + 18.9779
= 607.4394 𝑐𝑚
= 6.074 𝑚
Ans: the new draughts, forward = 5.41 m

the new draughts, aft = 6.074 m
48. #47.Ch. 6, No. 3.
A ship 130 m long displaces 14 000 tonne when floating at draughts of 7.50 m forward and 8.10
m aft. GML 125 m, TPC 18, LCF 3 m aft of midships. Calculate the final draughts when a mass
of 180 tonne lying 40 m aft of midships is removed from the ship. (16)
𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
180
= 18
= 10 𝑐𝑚
∆×𝐺𝑀𝐿
𝑀𝐶𝑇1𝑐𝑚 = 100 𝐿
14000×125
= 100×130
= 134.6154 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑚
𝑚×𝑑
𝑡=
180×(40−3)
= 134.6154
= 49.4743 𝑐𝑚
𝑡
49.4743 130
= ×( + 3)
130 2
= 25.8789 𝑐𝑚
= 49.4743 − 25.8789
= 23.5954 𝑐𝑚
𝐷𝑓 = 𝑑𝑓 − 𝑠 + 𝑇𝑓
= 750 − 10 + 25.8789
= 765.8789 𝑐𝑚
= 𝟕. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝒎 ⟵ (𝑨𝒏𝒔. )
𝐷𝑎 = 𝑑𝑎 − 𝑠 − 𝑇𝑎
= 810 − 10 − 23.5954
= 776.4046 𝑐𝑚
= 𝟕. 𝟕𝟔𝟒𝟎 𝒎 ⟵ (𝑨𝒏𝒔. )
49. #48.Ch. 6, No. 9.
A ship of 15000 tonne displacement has a waterplane area of 1950 m2. It is loaded in river water
of 1.005 t/m3 and proceeds to sea where the density is 1.022 t/m3. Calculate the change in mean
draught. (16)
Given:
∆ = 15000 tonne
Aw = 1950 m2
ϱri = 1.005 t/m3
ϱsw = 1.022 t/m3
Find:
Change in mean draught = ?
Solution:
100 ∆ 1 1
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠 = ( − )
𝐴𝑤 𝜌𝑟𝑖 𝜌𝑠𝑤
100 ∆ 𝜌𝑠𝑤 −𝜌 𝑟𝑖
𝑠= ( )
𝐴𝑤 𝜌𝑠𝑤 ×𝜌𝑟𝑖
100×15000 1.022−1.005
= × (1.022×1.005)
1950
= 12.7318 𝑐𝑚
Ans:
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠 = 12.7318 𝑐𝑚
50. #49.Ch. 6 No. 18
A box barge 25 m long and 4 m wide floats in fresh water at a draught of 1.2 m and has an empty
mid-length compartment 5 m long. The bottom of the barge is lined with teak (rd 0.85) 120 mm
thick. After grounding all the teak is torn off and the centre compartment laid open to the sea.
Calculate the final draught. (16)
Solution:
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇𝑒𝑎𝑘 = 𝐿 × 𝐵 × 𝑑 × 𝜌𝑓.𝑤
= 25 × 4 × 1.2 × 1.000
= 120 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑒𝑎𝑘 = 𝐿 × 𝐵 × 𝑡 × 𝑟. 𝑑 × 𝜌𝑓.𝑤
= 25 × 4 × 0.120 × 0.85 × 1.000
= 10.2 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇𝑒𝑎𝑘 − 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑒𝑎𝑘
= 120 − 10.2
= 109.8 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒
Assumed that first removed teak and then the compartment bilged
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑑2 =
𝐿 × 𝐵 × 𝜌𝑓.𝑤
109.8
= 25×4×1.000
= 1.098 𝑚
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝐵𝑖𝑙𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
(𝐿 − 𝑙) × 𝐵 × 𝑠 = 𝑙 × 𝐵 × 𝑑2
𝑙×𝑑
𝑠 = (𝐿−𝑙)2
5×1.098
= (25−5)
= 0.2745 𝑚
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑑2 + 𝑠
= 1.098 + 0.2745
= 1.3725 𝑚
Ans.: Final Draught = 1.3725 m

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MEO CLASS III FUNCTION 4

WISE WISH MARINE ENGINEERING TRAINING CENTRE

WISE WISH Marine Engineering Training Centre

Subject . N.A. BOE Question bank

Section (B) 50 CALCULATION

9. (2nd class Exam question #21)

10. (2nd class Exam question #30 )

11. (Chap;5, Example)

15. #2.Ch.1 Example 4

16. #3.Ch.1 Example 5

17. #5,Ch.1, No.4

18. #6.Ch. 1, No.6

19. #7.Ch. 1, No.7

20. #8.Ch. 1, No.9

22. #11.Reed’s Second Class Exam. Ques. No. 32(1979 Edition)

23. #13.Ch. 2 Example 7

24. #14.Ch. 2 Example 8

25. #15.Ch. 2, Example 9

26. #16.Ch. 2, No. 11

27. #17.Ch. 2, No.13

28. #18.Ch. 2, No.14

29. #19.Ch. 2, No.15

31. #22.Ch. 3 Example 3

32. #29.Ch.4 Example 3

33. #30.Ch. 4 Example 5

34. #31.Ch.4, N0.1

35. #32.Ch.4, No.2

36. #33.Ch.4, No.4

37. #34.Ch. 4, No.7

39. # Reed’s 2nd class Exam Quest;No.43

40. #36.Ch. 5 Example 7

41. #37.Ch.5, Example 2.

42. #39.Ch. 5, No. 2.

43. #40.Ch. 5, No. 3.

44. #41.Ch. 5, No. 11.

45. #43.Ch. 6 Example 2

47. #46.Ch. 6, No. 2.

48. #47.Ch. 6, No. 3.

49. #48.Ch. 6, No. 9.

50. #49.Ch. 6 No. 18

b) New draught forward = 5.9587 m

(a) Centre of pressure

Ans: (a) shearing force at top = 101.8094 kN

(a) Centre of gravity

𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐊𝐆 𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭

Ans: Centre of gravity above the keel = 6.35 29 m

Water plane area coefficient Cw

(a) Block Coefficient (Cb)

𝐀𝐦 𝐒. 𝐌 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐕𝐨𝐥.

Ans: the depth of water = 5.1394 m

𝑻𝑷𝑪 𝑺𝑴 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓 ∆ 𝑳𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝒔𝒕 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

Water plane area coefficient Cw

Ans.: New displacement = 12164.6016 tonne

(b) A mass of 6 tonne is moved transversely through a distance of 14 m on a ship of 4300

𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑳𝑪𝑮 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒔𝒉𝒊𝒑 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒇𝒕

Ans: a) Pressure on top = 0

(𝑏) (𝑖)𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻

Ans. (i) Load on bulkhead = 2511.36 kN

Ans: (a) at the top of the bulkhead

𝑏) 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑘ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐹 = 𝜌𝑔 𝐴𝐻

Ans. Total mass of water entering compartment = 100.0397 tonne

Let S1 = wetted surface area of small ship

Ans: displacement of the latter = 1094.0594 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒

CSA SM PRODUCT OF VOLUME

NAQuestion Bank & Key (Calculation 50)

NAQuestion Bank & Key (Calculation 50)