CM-SQA-Stability-Past-Papers - July 20 - October 22

032 – Chief Mate
STABILITY PAST
PAPERS
July ‘20 – October ‘22
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –
DECK OFFICER
STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)
032-74 – STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
FRIDAY, 10 JULY 2020
0915 - 1215 hrs
Materials to be supplied by examination centres
Candidate’s examination workbook

Stability Data Booklet
Stability Formulae Datasheets
Examination Paper Inserts
Notes for the guidance of candidates:
1. Examinations administered by the SQA on behalf of the Maritime & Coastguard Agency.
2. Candidates should note that 200 marks are allocated to this paper. To pass candidates
must achieve 120 marks.
3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.
4. All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
must be made clear in the answer.
STABILITY AND STRUCTURE
Attempt ALL questions
Marks for each question are shown in brackets
1. A ship is lying starboard side to on a salt water berth with a 5º port list. She has
an even keel draught of 6.280 m and a KG of 8.19 m.
A 15 t piece of project cargo is to be loaded using the ship’s own derrick. It is

currently on the quay, 13.30 m from the centreline and the head of the derrick
when slewed during loading will be 21.50 m.
The stow position is Kg 3.50 m and on the centreline.
Using the Stability Data booklet provided, calculate EACH of the following:
(a) (i) the maximum list experienced during the operation; (15)
(ii) the size and direction of any list once the weight is stowed; (10)
(iii) the quantity of ballast to load into the relevant No. 2 D.B. side tank in
order to bring the vessel upright; (2)
(iv) the KGeffective of the vessel on completion of the ballasting in Q1(a)(ii) (Use
Kg of the tank). (4)
(b) With reference to the Maximum KG Table, determine, whether the vessel
complies with the minimum intact stability criteria of the current Load Line
Rules in this final condition. (4)
2. A box shaped vessel floating at an even keel in dock water (RD 1.018) has the
following particulars:
Length 135.00 m Breadth 21.00 m Draught 6.360 m KG 7.10 m
A midship watertight compartment 20.00 m long and extending the full breadth
and depth of the vessel is bilged. Permeability of the compartment is 0.75.
Calculate EACH of the following:
(a) the new draught; (12)
(b) the change in GM; (16)
(c) the moment of statical stability in the flooded condition for an angle of heel
of 16º. (7)
3. A vessel, initially upright, is to carry out an inclining test.
Present displacement 5450 t KM 10.88 m
Total weights on board during the experiment:
Ballast 280 t Kg 3.52 m Tank full.

Bunkers 167 t Kg 4.11 m Free surface moment 823 tm
Fresh Water 41 t Kg 3.96 m Free surface moment 36 tm
Boiler water 14 t Kg 4.59 m Free surface moment 137 tm
Inclining weights 50 t Kg 10.57 m
The ship’s free fall lifeboat, weight 18 t, is temporarily located on the aft deck,
Kg 10.25 m and will be stowed the following week at Kg 13.54 m.
The plumblines have an effective vertical length of 9.93 m. The inclining weights
are shifted transversely 11.30 m on each occasion and the mean horizontal
deflection of the plumbline is 0.74 m.
(a) Calculate the vessel's Lightship KG. (25)
(b) Explain why it is important to restrict the amount of Free Surface Moments
on board during the inclining test. (5)
4. A box shaped vessel’s forward end compartment, extending the full breadth and
depth is flooded as a result of a collision.
(a) State and explain any effect that this flooding may have on EACH of the
following:
(i) the vessel’s Centre of Gravity ‘G’; (4)
(ii) the height of the vessel’s Centre of Buoyancy ‘KB’; (4)
(iii) the vessel’s Centre of Flotation ‘F’; (4)
(iv) the Displacement of the vessel. (3)
(b) When calculating the change of trim due to the flooding of a forward end
compartment of a box shaped vessel it is necessary to obtain the MCTC.
Explain why the metacentric height in the bilged condition is required to be

used in preference over the initial GML when doing so. (10)
(c) Identify and explain the circumstances when the KB of a bilged box shaped
vessel cannot be calculated as half the bilged draught. (10)
5. A general cargo ship is loading in a port in a Tropical seasonal zone for a port in a
Winter seasonal zone during winter months.
Describe the various precautions and considerations which must be borne in mind
at the loading port in order that the voyage is accomplished safely, in accordance
with the requirements of the Load Line Rules. (30)
6. (a) Describe how the effect of icing on a vessel’s stability may be determined
when a vessel is operating in severe winter conditions. (10)
(b) Sketch a vessel’s curve of statical stability showing the effect of non-
symmetrical ice accretion on decks and superstructure. (25)
DECK OFFICER
FRIDAY, 21 AUGUST 2020
0915 - 1215 hrs

1. A ship is alongside a berth in salt water with a list of 4º to port. She is nearing
completion of cargo operations with a present displacement of 8422 t and a
GM 0.18 m.
There are three parcels of cargo remaining to load weighing: 10 t, 5 t and 19 t.

The available locations are:
Kg 11.80 m tcg 6.00 m starboard

Kg 10.20 m on the centre line
Kg 5.40 m tcg 4.00 m starboard
Using the Stability Data Booklet, calculate EACH of the following:
(a) which parcel of cargo should be loaded into each of the available locations so
that the vessel completes upright with an improved GM; (25)
(b) whether the ship, on completion of loading as determined in Q1(a), complies

with the minimum intact stability criteria using the Maximum KG table,
commenting on the result. (10)
2. A vessel is upright, alongside and on an even keel in dock water of RD 1.011 with
the following particulars:
Draught 8.740 m KG 7.20 m
A midship rectangular deck 32.00 m long and extending the full breadth of the vessel
is flooded with dock water to a depth of 0.60 m. Height of the deck above the keel
12.15 m.
(a) the fluid GM; (25)
(b) the angle of loll. (10)

3. A vessel is floating upright in salt water with the following particulars:
Forward draught 7.860 m Aft draught 8.540 m
The vessel is to proceed on a short coastal voyage to a neighbouring port. On

arrival the vessel has to navigate over a shoal.
On the passage the following items of deadweight will be consumed:
26 t of Heavy Fuel Oil from No. 3 D.B. Port tank,

26 t of Heavy Fuel Oil from No. 3 D.B. Starboard tank,
9 t of Diesel Oil from No. 4 D.B. Port tank,
7 t of Diesel Oil from No. 4 D.B. Starboard tank.
Additionally, the After Peak tank was fully de-ballasted of saltwater from an
initially full condition.
(a) Using the Stability Data Booklet, calculate the minimum clearance of the
vessel over the shoal with a predicted depth of water of 9.60 m. (30)
(b) State the minimum clearance over the sand bar, if the vessel is brought to an
even keel condition by internal transfer of ballast. (5)
4. (a) The bilging of an empty midship compartment will affect a vessel’s draught
and may also result in a change in the vessel’s intact waterplane area.
Identify and explain a possible scenario (incorporating a watertight flat if

appropriate) where such bilging could result in EACH of the following:
(i) an increase in the vessel’s GM; (10)
(ii) a reduction in the vessel’s GM. (10)
(b) The bilging of an empty midships, side compartment will negatively affect a
vessel’s stability. Explain, with the aid of a sketch of a curve of statical
stability, how cross flooding is likely to restore some of this loss. (15)
5. List TEN items of the stability and stress data required to be supplied to ships
under the current Load Line Regulations, stating for EACH how such information
might be used. (30)
6. Discuss the stability problems associated with the design and operation of a
conventional Ro-Ro vehicle ferry. (30)
DECK OFFICER
FRIDAY, 09 OCTOBER 2020
0915 - 1215 hrs

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps
(a)
1. A vessel is alongside an upriver berth in fresh water with the following particulars:
(b)
(c) Forward draught 7.350 m Aft Draught 8.570 m
(d)
(e) A single consignment of cargo, weighing 743 t is to be loaded.
(f)
(a) the distance FOAP and compartment onboard to load this parcel of cargo in
order to maintain the current aft draught; (35)
(b) the final draught forward. (5)
2. A box shaped vessel floating upright on an even keel in salt water has the following
particulars:
The vessel has two longitudinal bulkheads 5.00 m from EACH side of the vessel.
Calculate the angle of heel if a midships side compartment 29.00 m long is bilged. (30)
3. A container vessel’s particulars are as follows:
Displacement 14 000 t KG 7.75 m Draught 7.200 m
Lateral windage area 5800 m2. Centroid of the windage area 10.20 m above the
waterline.
(a) Construct a righting moment curve to 60 degrees heel using the KN Tables in
the Stability Data Booklet; (15)
(b) Using the righting moment curve constructed in Q3(a), determine EACH of the
following:
(i) the angle of heel due to a steady lateral wind pressure of 48.5 kgs/m2; (10)
(ii) the angle of heel if the wind pressure increases by 50 % due to gusting. (5)
4. (a) Describe the changes in stability which may take place on a voyage. (15)
(b) Provide a sketch of statical stability showing the effects on the curve of
righting levers (GZ) of the changes described in Q4(a). (20)
5. (a) State the surveys required in order that an International Load Line Certificate (4)
remains valid.
(b) List the items to be inspected during the surveys stated in Q5(a), stating the
nature of the examination required for each. (26)
6. Describe the general provisions of the current Load Line Regulations governing the
ability of Type B vessels with reduced freeboard to withstand flooding due to
damage, and the stability in the final condition after such damage. (35)
DECK OFFICER
FRIDAY, 04 DECEMBER 2020
0915 - 1215 hrs

Graph Paper
1. A vessel is preparing to enter dry dock at a port with an RD of 1.018.
The present particulars:
Aft draught 4.627 m Forward draught 3.227 m KG 9.78 m
It has been determined that a maximum trim of 1.150 m by the stern is required
prior to docking in order to ensure adequate effective GM at the critical instant.
With reference to the Stability Data Booklet:
(a) calculate the weight of dock water ballast to transfer from the After Peak
tank to the Fore Peak tank in order to achieve the required trim; (8)
(b) calculate the GM of the vessel after the transfer of dock water ballast
(RD 1.018). (8)
Note: After Peak tank was full and the Fore Peak tank empty prior to the
transfer of ballast (Use KG of the tanks);
(c) calculate the effective GM at the critical instant; (12)
(d) comment on the calculated effective GM in Q1(c). (2)

2. A vessel is floating upright alongside a berth in salt water and is due to load a
cargo of grain (stowage factor 1.68m3/t).
All five holds are to be fully loaded and the tween decks are variously full and
partially full. Assume that cargo surfaces will be levelled on completion.
After tabulating the weights and moments for the planned load of grain the
following final totals were obtained;
Item Displacement KG Volumetric Heeling Moments

Final totals 18 501 t 7.50 m 6 309 m4
(a) Using the KN Table included in the Stability Data Booklet construct a GZ curve
for this condition of loading. (14)
(b) Use the information obtained in Q2(a) to determine whether the vessel
complies with all of the minimum criteria specified in the International Grain
Code (IMO). (21)
3. A vessel completes underdeck loading in salt water with the following particulars:
TMD 6.758 m KG 7.74 m
The Stability Data Booklet provides the necessary data for the vessel.
During the passage 223 tonne of Fuel Oil (R.D. 0.81) is consumed from No. 3 D.B.
tank centre which was full on departure (use Kg of tank for consumption
purposes).
Calculate the maximum weight of timber to load on deck Kg 13.50 m assuming 15%
water absorption during the passage in order to arrive at the destination with a
minimum GM of 0.20 m. (35)
Note: Assume KM constant.
4. Identify and explain the corrections to be applied to the Tabular Freeboard for a
‘Type A’ ship in order to obtain the Assigned Freeboard, and provide the reason
why the freeboard could be increased or decreased in each case. (30)
5. (a) Discuss the factors affecting the virtual loss of GM due to a free surface within
an undivided rectangular tank. (8)
(b) Explain the effect on the virtual loss of GM due to the free surface when the
slack tank is equally divided in EACH of the following situations:
(i) by a longitudinal bulkhead; (5)
(ii) by a transverse bulkhead. (5)
(c) Explain why it is preferable that stability information relating to free surface
for a particular tank is usually expressed as a Free Surface Moment (FSM)
rather than Free Surface Correction (FSC). (5)
(d) A double bottom tank, initially empty, is to be ballasted full of salt water.
Sketch a labelled diagram to show the way in which the effective KG of the
ship will change from the instant of starting to fill the tank until it is full. (12)
6. (a) Explain the difference between the Angle of Deck Edge Immersion and the
Angle of Flooding, stating typical values from the Stability Data Booklet. (5)
(b) Explain how when a vessel heels to an angle of loll it now has a small positive
GM. (10)
(c) Explain why a vessel carrying timber on deck may be allowed a smaller GM
than is usual for a cargo vessel. (10)
(d) Explain how an increase in the beam of a vessel can improve a vessel’s
stability and why such improvement is more pronounced at smaller angles of
heel. (10)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY –DECK OFFICER
FRIDAY, 26 MARCH 2021
0915 - 1215 hrs

must be made clear in the answer
1. A vessel is floating upright in salt water with an even keel draught of

6.850 m. GMeff 0.57 m.
The vessel has a rectangular double bottom tank of length 20.0 m, breadth 18.0 m,
depth 1.80 m, which is subdivided by two equally spaced longitudinal bulkheads
resulting in the port, centre and starboard compartments having equal
dimensions.
At present all three compartments contain saltwater ballast to an ullage of

0.60 m.
Using the Stability Data Booklet calculate the angle of heel after emptying the
centre and portside tanks. (35)
Note: The starboard tank failed to de ballast due to a valve failure.
2. A vessel is to transit a canal with a minimum clearance of 1.40 m under a bridge,

the underside of which is 22.50 m above the waterline.
Present draughts in dock water of R.D. 1.019: Forward 4.880 m Aft 5.960 m
The aft mast is 23 m foap and extends 28.10 m above the keel.
The fore mast is 118 m foap and extends 26.60 m above the keel.
Assume the masts are perpendicular to the waterline throughout.
(a) the draughts required, forward and aft, in order to pass under the bridge with
minimum clearance; (20)
(b) the minimum weight of ballast to load in order to pass under the bridge with
minimum clearance. (15)
3. A vessel is planning to enter drydock in salt water.
Present draughts: Forward 3.850 m Aft 5.750 m and KG 8.79 m
(a) The maximum trim at which the vessel can enter drydock so as to maintain a
GM of at least 0.25 m at the critical instant. (25)
Note: Assume KM constant.
(b) Comment on the result of Q3(a) identifying any possible operational issue that
may occur during the critical period. (5)
(c) Other than reducing the trim of the vessel, identify and describe alternative
methods of improving the condition of stability prior to entering the dry dock. (5)
4. (a) Explain with the aid of a sketch why a vessel will usually heel outwards when
a steady rate of turn has been achieved. (10)
(b) Sketch a stable vessel’s curve of statical stability showing the effect of heel
when turning. (10)
(c) Describe the effects that heel when turning has on the stability of a vessel. (10)
5. (a) List THREE possible causes, excluding changes to ship’s structure and fittings,
for a change to the lightship KG over a period of time. (6)
(b) Explain the necessity for EACH of the following precautions to be taken before
and/or during the inclining experiment:
(i) Slack tanks should be avoided when possible and preferably be restricted
to tanks with a rectangular shape; (4)
(ii) Moorings should be appropriately arranged; (4)
(iii) No passing vessels; (4)
(iv) Fine weather, with little or no wind; (4)
(v) Lifeboats, cranes, anchors and such should be secured in their seagoing
positions; (4)
(vi) The test inclination should not exceed 4º from the upright zero position. (4)
6. Describe a Type ‘A’ vessel under the current Load Line Regulations, including the
flooding, stability and assumed damage requirements. (35)
1315 - 1615 hrs

Stability Data Booklet A
Worksheet Q3
5. Candidates should attempt ALL Questions in Section A (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5) and ONE
Question in Section B (Either Q6 or Q7).
Attempt ALL questions in Section A and attempt only ONE question in Section B
must be made clear in the answer
Section A – Attempt ALL Questions in this section
1. A vessel is floating upright and with an even keel draught 8.350 m in dock water
of relative density 1.014.
Cargo operations are undertaken as follows:
Discharge 149 tonne No. 3 Tween deck

Discharge 252 tonne No. 5 Hold
Load 548 tonne No. 2 Hold
A Shipper has a stock of bagged grain in a dock side warehouse and requests
shipment.
The vessel is due to enter the Winter Load Line Zone 5 days after departure.
Daily consumption is expected to be:

HFO 15 tonne from No.3 D.B. tanks (Port and Starboard)
Fresh water 2 tonne from the Forward Tank
Using the Stability Data Booklet, calculate EACH of the following so as to arrive
at the Winter Load Line Zone boundary with an even keel draught of 8.683 m:
(a) the total weight of bagged grain to load; (10)
(b) the maximum weight of bagged grain that can be loaded into No. 2 Tween
Deck and No. 5 Hold (use LCG of the space). (25)
Note: All ballast tanks are empty throughout
[OVER
2. A box-shaped vessel floating at an even keel in salt water has the following
particulars:
An amidship cargo compartment 18.00 m long, extending full breadth of vessel, is

bilged. The cargo compartment is fully loaded with a permeability of 0.40. The
compartment is located above a double bottom ballast tank of height 1.20 m.
(a) the final draught; (15)
(b) the change in GM. (20)
3. A vessel is floating in salt water and has completed loading.
Present draughts:
Forward 7.913 m
Midship (Port) 8.166 m
Midship (Starboard) 8.218 m
Aft 8.586 m
The draught marks are displaced as follows:

Forward: 1.12 m aft of the FP
Aft: 1.58 m aft of the AP
Midship: 0.33 m forward of amidships
The Stability Data Booklet provides the necessary hydrostatic and ship particulars
for the vessel.
By completion of Worksheet Q3 and showing any additional calculations in the

answer book, determine EACH of the following:
(a) the vessel’s present displacement; (30)
(b) the quantity of cargo presently onboard. The following deductible weights
are on board:
Ballast: 10 t
Fresh water: 75 t
HFO: 420 t
Diesel Oil: 85 t
Miscellaneous weights: 13 t (5)
Note: Assume no hog or sag in the Summer Load condition.

4. (a) Describe the effect on the vessel’s displacement from the moment the stern
first touches the blocks aft during dry docking to when the vessel is fully down
on the blocks fore and aft. (4)
(b) Describe how the stability of the ship is affected during the critical period
when dry docking. (12)
(c) Describe TWO methods of calculating the P force at an intermediate moment

during the Critical Period. (6)
(d) Explain why it usual for a vessel to enter drydock with a stern trim. (8)
5. A general cargo ship is loading in a port in a Tropical zone for a port in a Winter
seasonal zone during winter months.
Describe the various precautions and considerations for EACH of the following
factors which must be borne in mind at the loading port in order that the voyage
is accomplished safely, in accordance with the requirements of the Load Line
Rules:
(a) Load Line Zones; (6)
(b) Stability on passage; (8)
(c) Crew safety; (4)
(d) Seaworthiness; (8)
(e) Cargo. (4)

Section B – Attempt only ONE question in this section
6. With reference to the current Load Line Regulations:
(a) define a Type A vessel; (3)
(b) define a Type B vessel; (1)
(c) distinguish between the characteristics of Type A vessels and Type B vessels,
explaining why they have different tabular freeboards; (16)
(d) explain the reason for EACH of the following freeboard corrections:
(i) block coefficient; (3)
(ii) depth; (3)
(iii) position of deck line; (3)
(iv) sheer; (3)
(v) bow height. (3)
7. Stability instruments installed on ships should cover all stability requirements

applicable to the ship.
With regards to such instruments:
(a) explain both ‘passive’ and ‘active’ data entry systems; (5)
(b) identify and briefly discriminate the three types of calculation that are
performed by stability instrument software which may be found on ships; (8)
(c) list the minimum stability parameters that should be presented so that a
Master may judge the suitability of any particular loaded condition. (10)
(d) identify and describe three factors which are likely to affect the accuracy of
transverse stability calculations. (12)
032-74 STABILITY AND STRUCTURE WORKSHEET Q3 09 JULY 2021
(This Worksheet must be returned with your answer book)
DRAUGHT SURVEY REPORT
metres
Draught Forward
Dist. marks displaced

FP Correction
Dist. between marks x Observed Trim
Draught at FP
Draught Aft
Dist. marks displaced

AP Correction
Dist. between marks x Observed. Trim
Draught at AP
True Trim
Draught (M) Port
Draught (M) Star.
Draught
Midships Mean
Amidship line Dist. marks displaced

correction LBP x True Trim
Draught at
Amidships
Corrected dFP + (6 x dM) + dAP

Midship Draught 8
TPC LCF foap

tonne
Displacement
1st Trim Corrn. Dist. of CF from Midships x Trim x TPC

(Layer) LBP
2nd Trim Corrn. 50 x True Trim2 x (MCTC2 - MCTC1)

(Form) LBP
Corrected
Displacement
Dock Water R.D. Dock Water

Displacement Δx 1.025
0915 - 1215 hrs

All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps must
be made clear in the answer.
1. A vessel is floating upright and starboard side alongside a berth in saltwater.
The vessel is in ballast and ready to load a consignment of bulk sea salt using
THREE ships cranes equipped with grabs which are presently rigged and suspended
over the centreline. The ship’s particulars in this condition are as follows:
Forward draught 3.450 m Aft draught 3.950 m KG 8.56 m
The cargo stock pile is located 18.0 m from the ship’s centreline and when the
ship’s cranes are plumbed ashore they will extend 23.50 m above the keel.
EACH grab when loaded weighs 24.0 t.
Using the Stability Data Booklet A, calculate EACH of the following:
(a) the list when all three grabs are suspended over the cargo pile and loaded
with cargo; (20)
(b) the maximum number of loaded grabs that can be suspended above the cargo
pile at the same time in order to limit the list to a maximum of 5º. (10)
Note: Assume that any remaining cranes are suspended over the ship’s
centreline with loaded grabs.
[OVER
2. A vessel is to load a cargo of grain (stowage factor 1.64 m3/t).
Initial displacement 5800 tonne Initial KG 6.55 m.
All five holds are to be loaded full of grain.
The tween decks are to be loaded as follows:
No. 1 TD Full
No. 2 TD Part full – ullage 3.75 m
No. 3 TD Full
No. 4 TD Part full – ullage 2.25 m
The Stability Data Booklet A provides the necessary cargo compartment data for
the vessel.
(a) Using the Maximum Permissible Grain Heeling Moment Table included in the
Stability Data Booklet A, determine whether the vessel complies with the
minimum criteria specified in the International Grain Code (IMO). (25)
(b) Calculate the ship’s approximate angle of heel in the event of the grain
shifting as assumed by the International Grain Code (IMO). (5)
(c) Comment on the result of Q2(a) with respect to the relative accuracy of
stability calculations in general. (5)
3. A box shaped vessel floating on an even keel in saltwater has the following
particulars:
Length 100.0 m Beam 15.0 m Draught of 4.000 m KG of 5.59 m
An amidships double bottom watertight tank of length 12.00 m and height of

1.60 m extends over the full breadth of the vessel is currently empty.
(a) the metacentric height of the vessel; (6)
(b) the metacentric height of the vessel after ballasting the tank full of sea
water; (10)
(c) the metacentric height of the vessel if quantity of ballast water is removed
from the tank resulting in an ullage is 0.050 m; (12)
(d) the metacentric height of the vessel after the tank is pumped dry, suffers a
structural failure and the tank is bilged. (12)
4. (a) Describe how the following are affected when a vessel moves from Saltwater
to Dockwater, explaining the reasons for each:
(i) volume of displacement; (3)
(ii) KB; (3)
(iii) Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy (LCB); (3)
(iv) Longitudinal Centre of Flotation (LCF). (3)
(b) Explain why the trim of a vessel may change with a change in dock water
density. (6)
(c) Define the term Dynamical Stability, stating how this is indicated when
assessing the stability of a ship. (6)
(d) The Load Line Regulations require a vessel to have a minimum initial
transverse metacentric height.
Define initial transverse metacentric height. (6)
5. (a) Describe the effects of being in a seaway on a vessel’s curve of statical

stability. (8)
(b) Explain why a vessel laden to the same draught on different voyages may have
different natural rolling periods. (12)
(c) Describe the different rolling characteristics of a vessel for EACH of the
following:
(i) in a stiff condition; (3)
(ii) in a tender condition; (3)
(iii) with a small negative GM. (4)

6. (a) Distinguish between the causes of an angle of loll and an angle of list. (8)
(b) Describe the dangers to a vessel at an angle of loll in a seaway. (12)
(c) An unstable vessel lying to an angle of loll to port has an empty double bottom
tank subdivided into three watertight compartments (port, centre,
starboard) of equal width.
The tank must be ballasted to return the vessel to a safe condition.
Describe the sequence of actions that should be taken and the possible
effects throughout each stage. (15)
7. (a) Describe the circumstances under which parametric rolling is likely to occur. (9)
(b) Identify and explain the progressive stages that a vessel experiences which
develop into a parametric roll. (10)
(c) Describe the Master’s responsibilities when sailing in heavy following,

quartering or head seas. (6)
(d) State and describe the dangers of parametric rolling with respect to EACH of
the following:
(i) personnel; (2)
(ii) ship; (4)
(iii) cargo. (4)

FRIDAY, 25 MARCH 2022
0915 - 1215 hrs

Stability Formulae Datasheet (Version: September 2020)
All formulae used must be stated and the method of working and all intermediate steps must
be made clear in the answer
1. A vessel is upright, starboard side alongside, in salt water with the following
particulars:
Forward draught 7.200 m Aft draught 7.600 m KG 7.80 m
TWO weights are to be discharged using the ship’s derrick to a position ashore
16.00 m from the ship’s centre line. The derrick’s head will be at a height of
21.00 m above the keel when plumbed ashore.
Present stow positions are:
Port weight 70 tonne Kg 12.50 m tcg 8.00 m

Starboard weight 85 tonne Kg 12.65 m tcg 6.30 m
Using the Stability Data Booklet:
(a) (i) determine when during the operation the maximum list will occur, if the
port weight is discharged first; (8)
(ii) calculate the list at this moment; (12)
(b) (i) determine when during the operation the maximum list will occur, if the
starboard weight is discharged first; (8)
(ii) calculate the list at this moment. (10)
2. A vessel is floating at draughts 7.250 m forward and 7.950 m aft in dock water of
relative density 1.010 enters drydock for emergency repairs while carrying cargo.
Present KG of 8.05 m.
While in drydock 410 tonne of cargo, Kg 8.55 m, lcg 52.40 m was discharged.
The vessel is now planning to leave drydock.
(a) Using the Stability Data Booklet, calculate the vessel’s effective GM at the
critical instant on departure. (32)
(b) Comment on the result of Q2(a), suggesting any action that should be taken. (3)
[OVER
3. A box shaped vessel of length 125.00 m, breadth 15.20 m and depth 8.80 m is
floating in salt water to an even keel draught of 5.400 m.
(a) Calculate the righting moment when the vessel is heeled to the angle of deck
edge immersion if the KG is 5.80 m. (20)
(b) Calculate the angle of loll if the KG is 6.30 m. (6)
4. A vessel experiences a transverse shift of cargo. Explain, with the aid of sketches
of transverse sections, how this affects the statical stability of the vessel at the
following angles of heel:
(a) 0º; (12)
(b) Ø list; (12)
(c) Ø roll greater than the Ø list. (12)
Note: The separate sketches of the transverse section of a ship must indicate
the positions of G, B, M and Z as well as the action of the different forces.
5. Sketch separate curves of statical stability for a vessel, showing the effects of
EACH of the following:
(a) a transverse shift of cargo; (10)
(b) an increase in beam; (10)
(c) a reduction in GM. (10)

6. With regards to the current Merchant Shipping Regulations:
(a) describe, including the flooding requirements, a Type B vessel so that it may
be assigned a freeboard reduction of up to 60% of the difference between
Type A and Type B vessels; (12)
(b) describe the additional requirements, including flooding requirements, so

that a Type B vessel may be assigned a freeboard reduction of up to 100% of
the difference between Type A and Type B vessels; (12)
(c) describe the condition of equilibrium after flooding for Type A and Type B
vessels. (11)
7. (a) State the additional special intact stability criteria for passenger ships as
required by the current IMO Intact Stability Code 2008, as amended. (8)
(b) (i) State the alternative intact stability criteria for cargo ships carrying
timber deck cargoes. (8)
(ii) State the cargo distribution requirements so that these alternative

criteria may be applied. (7)
(c) Describe the alternative recommended intact stability criteria for container
ships greater than 100 m (but applied with special care on vessels of more
than 200 m). (12)
0915 - 1215 hrs

1. A box shaped vessel floating on an even keel in salt water has the following
particulars:
Length 115.00 m Breadth 24.00 m Draught 6.200 m
There is a midship compartment of length 15.00 m, extending the full breadth of

the vessel and from the watertight tank top to the freeboard deck. Permeability
of compartment 0.72. Height of tank top 1.20 m.
If this compartment is bilged, calculate EACH of the following:
2. A vessel is floating upright, port side alongside in dock water (RD 1.014) and has
to load THREE weights using the ship’s own derrick.
Initial condition: Draughts 5.200 m forward and aft KG 8.15 m.
Derrick head 22.80 m above the keel.
Three weights, each 45 t, on the quay 20.75 m from the centreline of the vessel.
All THREE weights are to be stowed on deck Kg 12.10 m, with TWO weights, EACH
8.35 m port and starboard of the centreline and ONE on the centreline.
(a) Identify the optimum order in which to load these THRTEE weights in order
to minimise any list towards the berth during the operation. (12)
Note: Present a description of the changes to GM, Displacement and Listing

Moments at EACH stage of the entire loading operation as well as the
consequence of changes on the vessel’s list.
Calculations are not required for this part.
(b) Calculate and state at which stage during the operation that the maximum
angle of heel occurs, including its size and direction. (8)
(c) Calculate the maximum initial KG required in order to limit the list during the
loading operation to 5.0º port. (10)
[OVER
3. A vessel is presently floating upright and even keel in salt water with the following
particulars: Draught 6.800 m KG 8.10 m
On completion of loading the subsequent winter voyage will pass through an area
where the Full icing allowance should be taken into consideration. The following
ice allowances are to be used:
Horizontal surface areas assumed to carry an ice weight of 30 kg/m2;
Vertical surfaces areas assumed to carry an ice weight of 15 kg/m2;
Allowance is to be made for icing on sundry booms, rails, wires etc. by increasing
the calculated weight by 5% and the calculated moment of this weight by 10%.
The following deadweights have yet to be loaded:
No. 2 Tween deck 150 t Kg 10.32 m

No. 3 D.B. HFO tank port 60 t

No. 3 D.B. HFO tank starboard 60 t
No. 3 D.B. HFO tank centre 120 t
Tanks full after bunkering, R.D. 0.940

Use VCG of tanks
Steaming time is 6 days with an expected HFO consumption of 37.5 t/day from
No. 3 D.B Centre tank only.
(a) Assuming a horizontal surface area of 2070 m2 with Kg of 17.90 m and a

vertical surface area of 1380 m2 with Kg of 15.20 m, calculate the vessel’s
worst anticipated GMeff on passage. (20)
(b) Identify and describe the likely consequences to a ship’s general condition of
stability due to the loss of dynamic and statical stability when experiencing
severe symmetrical icing at sea. (10)
(c) Determine whether the ship would comply on passage with the minimum
intact stability criteria using the Simplified Stability method when in the
condition obtained in Q3(a). (5)
4. (a) Discuss the effects on the stability of a conventional Ro-Ro vessel caused by
EACH of the following design and operational issues:
(i) large open cargo decks; (6)
(ii) large bow, stern and/or quarter doors; (4)
(iii) high lateral windage area; (4)
(iv) high permeability of cargo spaces; (4)
(v) nature of cargo. (2)
(b) Show the potential cumulative effects of above on a fully labelled curve of
statical stability. (15)
5. With reference to current Passenger ship Regulations:
(a) define the term bulkhead deck; (2)
(b) summarise the damage (control) stability information supplied to Masters; (15)
(c) outline the meaning of the term attained subdivision index A; (12)
(d) outline the meaning of the term required subdivision index R. (6)
6. (a) Distinguish between the terms Transverse Dynamic stability and Transverse
Statical stability, stating how their values are calculated. (6)
(b) Explain the relevance of the Angle of Deck Edge Immersion to ship stability,
describing its position on a curve of statical stability. (6)
(c) Define Centre of Flotation and distinguish it from the Longitudinal Centre of
Flotation. (4)
(d) Explain why the Longitudinal Centre of Flotation changes with a change of
draught. (4)
(e) Explain, with reasons, the changes to the effective GM and Levers (GZ) of a
ship with a negative initial GM whilst rolling at sea. (10)
0915 - 1215 hrs

Stability Data Booklet B
Worksheet Q2
1. A vessel arrives in port in her normal ballast condition to load a cargo of grain
(stowage factor 1.33 m3/t).
Arrival displacement 28 427 tonne Initial KG 9.200 m.
Saltwater ballast is currently distributed as follows:
Fore Peak Tk 100% full;

No. 1 B.S.W.B. Tks (Port and Starboard) 100% full;
Aft Peak Tk 50% full.
Nos. 1, No. 2, and No. 5 Holds are to be loaded full of grain (Ends untrimmed)
with No. 3 Hold loaded to an ullage of 8.120 m. No. 4 Cargo Hold to an ullage of
6.520 m, whilst systematically emptying all ballast water.
The Stability Data Booklet provides the necessary cargo compartment data for
the vessel.
(a) Using the Allowable Grain Shift Moments table, determine whether the vessel
complies with the minimum intact stability criteria specified in the IMO Grain
Rules. (30)
(b) Calculate the ship’s approximate angle of heel in the event of the grain
shifting as assumed by the IMO Grain Rules. (4)
[OVER
2. Worksheet Q2 provides data relevant to a loaded vessel floating in salt water.
The Stability Data Booklet provides the necessary data for the vessel.
(a) Using Worksheet Q2 and showing any additional calculations in the answer
book, calculate the final GM and expected draughts forward and aft. (16)
(b) The observed and corrected draughts are:
Forward 12.285 m Aft 13.334 m
Determine the value of the constant to be applied to all stability calculations

indicating whether it should be added or subtracted to the calculated
displacement. (8)
(c) Determine the LCG of the ship’s constant. (12)
3. A box-shaped vessel floating at an even keel in salt water has the following
particulars:
Length: 112.00 m Breadth: 19.00 m Draught: 5.000 m
An amidship watertight compartment 14.00 m long, extending the full breadth and
depth of vessel, is holed below the waterline.
4. (a) A standard cargo vessel is slow steaming head to wind (hove to) in a large
sea.
Describe and explain the effects that the movement of the sea along the
length of the ship will have on the ship’s statical stability compared to when
it is in a calm sea state. (15)
(b) Sketch and label the effects of EACH of the following wave conditions on the
same axis, on a curve of statical stability:
• Flat calm sea;

• Crest of waves at the bow and stern;
• Trough of waves at the bow and stern. (20)
5. A multipurpose vessel, assigned timber load lines, loads THREE different cargoes
to the maximum respective load waterline on successive voyages:
• Timber, including timber deck cargo;

• Grain;
• General cargo.
(a) State the minimum effective metacentric height allowed by the current
regulations, for EACH of the above fully loaded conditions. (6)
(b) Explain why EACH of the above conditions have different metacentric height
requirements. (16)
(c) State, giving reasons, whether the natural roll period of the ship when loaded
in the above THREE conditions would vary. (8)
6. (a) Describe the inclining experiment procedure to find the Lightship KG. (12)
(b) Identify and explain a recommended mooring arrangement which would not
unduly influence the integrity of the results of the inclining experiment. (5)
(c) List and explain SIX possible reasons why a vessel’s Lightship KG may change
over a period of time. (18)
032-74 STABILITY AND STRUCTURE WORKSHEET Q2 07 OCTOBER 2022
Candidate’s Name …………………………………………… Examination Centre …………………………………………

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032 – Chief Mate

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-74 – STABILITY AND STRUCTURE

FRIDAY, 10 JULY 2020

0915 - 1215 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres

Candidate’s examination workbook

Examination Paper Inserts

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

A 15 t piece of project cargo is to be loaded using the ship’s own derrick. It is

The stow position is Kg 3.50 m and on the centreline.

Length 135.00 m Breadth 21.00 m Draught 6.360 m KG 7.10 m

Calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the new draught; (12)

(b) the change in GM; (16)

Present displacement 5450 t KM 10.88 m

Total weights on board during the experiment:

Ballast 280 t Kg 3.52 m Tank full.

(a) Calculate the vessel's Lightship KG. (25)

(i) the vessel’s Centre of Gravity ‘G’; (4)

(ii) the height of the vessel’s Centre of Buoyancy ‘KB’; (4)

(iii) the vessel’s Centre of Flotation ‘F’; (4)

(iv) the Displacement of the vessel. (3)

Explain why the metacentric height in the bilged condition is required to be

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-74 – STABILITY AND STRUCTURE

FRIDAY, 21 AUGUST 2020

0915 - 1215 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres

Candidate’s examination workbook

Examination Paper Inserts

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

Attempt ALL questions

Marks for each question are shown in brackets

There are three parcels of cargo remaining to load weighing: 10 t, 5 t and 19 t.

Kg 11.80 m tcg 6.00 m starboard

Using the Stability Data Booklet, calculate EACH of the following:

(b) whether the ship, on completion of loading as determined in Q1(a), complies

Draught 8.740 m KG 7.20 m

Using the Stability Data Booklet, calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the fluid GM; (25)

(b) the angle of loll. (10)

Forward draught 7.860 m Aft draught 8.540 m

The vessel is to proceed on a short coastal voyage to a neighbouring port. On

On the passage the following items of deadweight will be consumed:

26 t of Heavy Fuel Oil from No. 3 D.B. Port tank,

Identify and explain a possible scenario (incorporating a watertight flat if

(i) an increase in the vessel’s GM; (10)

(ii) a reduction in the vessel’s GM. (10)

STCW 78 as amended CHIEF MATE/MASTER REG. II/2 (UNLIMITED)

032-74 – STABILITY AND STRUCTURE

FRIDAY, 09 OCTOBER 2020

0915 - 1215 hrs

Materials to be supplied by examination centres

Candidate’s examination workbook

Examination Paper Inserts

Notes for the guidance of candidates:

3. Non-programmable calculators may be used.

Attempt ALL questions