NA QB Numerical 2010-092023

Ser. No.
Topic Questions
1 Hydrostatics 4
2 Displacement, TPC, Coefficients of form 5
Calculation of area, volume, First and
3 10
second moment
4 Centre of gravity 6
5 Stability of ships 19
6 Trim 24
7 Resistance 11
8 Propellers 19
9 Rudder theory 3
Total 101
jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 1 of 40 Nitin Rajput

CH1: Hydrostatics
Quest: 1 Sr. No: 6 (2011) Sr. No: 8 (2012) Sr. No: 1 (2013) Sr. No: 8 (2013)
Sr. No: 10 (2013) Sr. No: 12 (2013) Sr. No: 3 (2014) Sr. No: 9 (2014) Sr. No: 11 (2014)
Sr. No: 2 (2023) Sr. No: 9 (2023)
a) Describe how water tightness is maintained where bulkheads are pierced by longitudinal beams
or pipes.
b) With respect to Buoyancy of a vessel:
What do you understand by reserve buoyancy what happen if the lost buoyancy is greater than
the reserve buoyancy?
c) A triangular bulkhead is 7 m wide at the top and has a vertical depth of 8 m. Calculate the load on
the bulkhead and the position of centre of pressure if the bulkhead is flooded with sea water on
only side:
i. to the top edge,
ii. With 4 m head to the top edge.
Answer: CH 1 Pg 1 of Notes
Sr. No: 1 (2022)
a) Describe how bulkheads are tested.

b) Describe the stability requirements of a ship for dry-docking.
c) A double bottom tank containing seawater is 6m long, 12m wide and 1m deep. The inlet pipe
from the pump has its center 75mm above the outer bottom. The pump has a pressure of 70
kN/m2 and is left running indefinitely. calculate the load on the tank top:
i. If there is no outlet.
ii. If the overflow pipe extends 5m above

CH1: Hydrostatics
a) Describe measures which may be taken to improve the stability or trim of a damaged ship.
b) A watertight bulkhead is 8m high and is supported by vertical stiffeners 700mm apart, connected
at the tank top by brackets having 10 rivets 20mm diameter. The bulkhead is flooded to its top
edge with sea water. Determine:
i. Shearing force at top of stiffeners,
ii. Shear stress in the rivets,
iii. Position of zero shear.
Quest: 4 Sr. No: 10 (2022)
a) What is meant by the admiralty coefficient and the fuel coefficient?

b) A rectangular watertight bulkhead 9 m high and 14.5 m wide has sea water on both side, the
height of water on one side being four times that on the other side. The resistant centre of
pressure is 7 m from the top of the bulkhead. Calculate:
i. The depth of water
ii. The resultant load on the bulkhead

CH2: Displacement, TPC, Coefficient of Form
Sr. No: 10 (2017) Sr. No: 12 (2020) Sr. No: 9 (2021) Sr. No: 3 (2023)
a) Describe how the force on ship bottom and the GM vary when grounding takes place?
b) A box barge 45 m long and 15 m wide floats at a level keel draught of 2 m in sea water, the load
being uniformly distributed over the full length. Two masses, each of 30 tonne, are loaded at 10 m
from each end and 50 tonne is evenly distributed between them. Sketch the shear force diagram
and give the maximum shear force.
Sr. No: 8 (2022)
a) List the main factors which affect the rolling period of a vessel.
b) A box-shaped vessel is 20 m long and 10 m wide. The weight of the vessel is uniformly distributed
throughout the length and the draught is 2.5 m. The vessel contains ten evenly spaced double
bottom tanks, each having a depth of 1m.
Draw the shear force diagrams:
i. With No.1 and No.10 tanks filled;
ii. With No.3 and No.8 tanks filled;
iii. With No.5 and No.6 tanks filled.
Which ballast condition is to be preferred from the point of view of strength?
a) What is Prismatic Co-efficient (CP). Derive the formula CP =Cb/Cm, where Cb = Co-efficient of
fineness and Cm = midship section area co-efficient.
b) The length of a ship is 18 times the draught. While the breadth is 2.1 times the draught. At the
load water plane, the water plane area co-efficient is 0.83 and the difference between the TPC in
CH2: Displacement, TPC, Coefficient of Form
sea water and the TPC in fresh water is 0.7. Determine the length of the ship and the TPC in fresh
water.
Quest: 4 Sr. No: 1 (2023)
a) Describe the effect of cavitation’s on the propeller blades.

b) A ship has a constant cross-section in the form of a triangle which floats apex down in sea water.
The ship is 85 m tong, 12 m wide at the deck and has a depth from keel to deck of 9 m. Draw the
displacement curve using 1.25 m Intervals of draught from the keel to the 7.5m waterline. From
this curve obtain the Displacement in fresh water at a draught of 6.50 m.
Quest: 5 Sr. No: 9 (2011)
A box shaped barge of uniform construction is 32 metres long and displaces 352 tonnes when empty, is
divided by transverse bulkheads into four equal compartments. Cargo is loaded into each compartment
and level stowed as follows:
No.1 hold - 192 tonnes No.2 hold - 224 tonnes
No.3 hold - 272 tonnes No.4 hold - 176 tonnes
Construct load and shearing force diagram, before calculating the bending moments at the bulkheads
and at the position of maximum value, hence draw the bending moment diagram.

CH4: Centre of Gravity
a) Describe how the distribution of mass within the ship affects rolling period?
b) Describe how the force on the ship’s bottom and the GM vary when grounding takes place?
c) Describe the general precautions to be taken against capsizing.
d) Explain what is meant by torsional stress.
e) What is Prismatic Co-efficient (CP). Derive the formula CP =Cb/Cm, where Cb = Co-efficient of
fineness and Cm = midship section area co-efficient.
f) The 1⁄2 ordinates of a water plane at 15m intervals, commencing from aft, are 1, 7, 10.5, 11, 11,
10.5, 8, 4 and 0m. Calculate:
i. TPC;
ii. Distance of the centre of flotation from midships.
iii. Second moment of area of the water plane about a transverse axis through the centre of
flotation.
Sr. No: 6 (2022) Sr. No: 4 (2023)
a) Define longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG) and longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB).
b) The immersed cross-sectional area of a ship 120m long, commencing from aft are
2,40,79,100,103,104,104,103,97, 58 and 0 m2. Calculate:
i. Displacement;
ii. Longitudinal position of the centre of buoyancy.

Sr. No: 12 (2019) Sr. No: 3 (2021) Sr. No: 4 (2023)
With respect to Inclining Experiments onboard vessel;

a) Sketch and describe briefly the inclining experiment and explain how the results are used.
b) With respect to Buoyancy of a vessel:
What do you understand by reserve buoyancy what happen if the lost buoyancy is greater than
the reserve buoyancy?
c) A forward deep tank 12 m long extends from a longitudinal bulkhead to the ship’s side. The
widths of the tank surface measured from the longitudinal bulkhead at regular intervals are 10, 9,
7, 4 and 1 m. Calculate the second moment of area of the tank surface about a longitudinal axis
passing through its centroid.
A ship 100 m long floats at a draught of 6 m and in this condition the immersed cross-sectional areas
and water plane areas are as given below. The equivalent base area (Ab) is required because of the
fineness of the bottom shell.
Section AP 1 2 3 4 5 FP
Immersed Cross section Area (m ) 12 30 65 80 70
2 50 0
Draught (m) 0 0.6 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0
Waterplane Area (m )
2 AB 560 720 880 940 1000 1030
Calculate EACH of the following:
a) The equivalent base area value Ab;
b) The longitudinal position of the center of buoyancy from midships;
c) The vertical position of the center of buoyancy above the base.

Sr. No: 3 (2017) Sr. No: 10 (2017) Sr. No: 12 (2020)
A ship 75m long has semi ordinates at the load water plane commencing from forward as follows: 0, 1,
2, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 0 metres respectively. The spacing between the first three semi-ordinates and
the last three semi-ordinates is half of that between the other semi-ordinates. Find the position of the
Centre of Floatation relative to amidships.
Sr. No: 8 (2021)
The breadth of the upper edge of a deep tank bulkhead is 12 metre. The vertical heights of the
bulkhead at equidistant intervals across it are 0.3, 5, 6, 5, 3 and 0 metre respectively. Find the depth of
the centre of pressure below the waterline when the tank is filled to a head of 2 metre above the top
of the tank.
a) With the aid of sketches:

Explain various lines plan.
b) The half -breadths of waterplane of a ship of 120m length ad 15m breadth are given below:
Station 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Half Breadth 1.6 2.8 5.5 6.4 7.3 6.2 4.2 2.0 0
Calculate:
i. Water plane area
ii. TPC in salt water
iii. Cw
iv. LCF from Mid-ship

Quest: 8 Sr. No: 8 (2022)
a) Explain the use of KN curves.

b) The half breadths of the load waterplane of a ship 150 m long commencing from aft, are 0.3. 3.8.
6.0, 7.7, 8.3.9.0,8.4.7.8, 6.9.4.7 and 0 m respectively. Calculate:
i. area of waterplane
ii. distance of centroid from amidships
iii. second moment of area about a transverse axis through centroid.
Quest: 9 Sr. No: 6 (2019)
A ship of length 120 m displaces 11750 tonne when floating in sea water of density 1025 kg/m3. The
center of gravity is 2m above the center of buoyancy and the waterplane is defined by the following
equidistant half-ordinates given in Table Q1:
Station AP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 FP
Half-breadth (m) 3.3 6.8 7.6 8.1 8.1 8.0 6.6 2.8 0
a) The area of the waterplane;
b) The position of the centroid of the waterplane from midships;
c) The second moment of area of the waterplane about a transverse axis through the centroid;
d) The moment to change trim one centimeter (MCT1cm).
Quest: 10 Sr. No: 3 (2012)
The end bulkhead of the wing tank of an oil tanker has the following widths at 3 m intervals,
commencing at the deck: 6.0, 6.0, 5.3, 3.6 and 0.6 m. Calculate the load on the bulkhead and the position
of the centre of pressure if the tank is full of oil rd 0.8.

A ship of 9,900 tonnes displacement has KM 7.3m, and KG 6.4m. She has yet to load two 50 tonne lifts
her own gear and the first lift is to be placed on deck on the inshore side (KG = 9m and center of
gravity = 6m, out from center line). When the derrick plumbs the quay, its head is 15m above the keel
and 12m out rom center line. Calculate the maximum list during the operation.
Sr. No: 12 (2022)
a) Explain how increase of draught and of displacement influence rolling.

b) A pontoon has a constant cross-section as shown in Fig. Given below the metacentre height is
2.5m. Find the height of the centre of gravity above the keel.
Quest: 3 Sr. No: 11 (2012) Sr. No: 11 (2015) Sr. No: 1 (2019)
a) Explain the effects on stability when a tank is partially filled with liquid.
b) A ship of 11200 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank containing oil. Whose centre of
gravity is 16.5m forward and 6.6m below the centre of gravity of the ship? When the oil is used
the ship’s centre of gravity moves 380mm calculate:
i. The mass of oil used;
ii. The angle which the centre of gravity moves relative to the horizontal.

Quest: 4 Sr. No: 2 (2010) Sr. No: 9 (2015)
a) Describe the factors to consider in order determining whether a list is due to a negative GM or
to uneven distribution of masses in a ship.
b) A vessel of 8000 tonne displacement has 75 tonne of cargo on the deck. It is lifted by a derrick
whose head is 10.5 m above the centre of gravity of the cargo, and placed in the lower hold 9 m
below the deck and 14 m forwarded of its original position. Calculate the shift in the vessel’s
centreof gravity from its original position when the cargo is:
i. Just clear of the deck
ii. At the derrick head
iii. In its final position
Quest: 5 Sr. No: 6 (2023)
a) Explain the effect of bilging a centreline compartment located away from amidships.
b) A ship of 4000 tonne displacement has a mass of 50 tonne on board, on the centre line of the tank
top. A derrick, whose head is 18 m above the CG of the mass, is used to lift it. Find the shift in the
ship’s centre of gravity from its original position when the mass is
i. lifted Just clear of the tank top
ii. raised to the derrick head
iii. Placed on the deck 12 m above the tank top. (10)
Quest: 6 Sr. No: 9 (2022)
a) Define centre of buoyancy and show with the aid of sketches how a vessel which is stable will
return to the upright after being heeled by an external force.
b) An oil tanker of 17000 tonne displacement has its centre of gravity 1m aft of midships and has
250 tonne of oil fuel in its forward deep tank 75 m from midships. The fuel is transferred to the
after oil fuel bunker whose centre is 50 m from midships. 200 tonne of fuel from the after bunker
is now burned. Calculate the new position of the centre of gravity:
i. After the oil has been transferred
ii. After the oil has been used

CH5: Stability of Ships
Sr. No: 6 (2022)
a) Describe stability requirement for dry-docking.

b) State why for dry-docking, a ship should have adequate initial metacentric height, be
upright andhave a small or moderate trim, normally by the stern.
c) What do you understand by reserve buoyancy? What will happen if the lost buoyancy is
greater thanthe reserve buoyancy?
d) Explain why the amplitude of ship motion should be limited.
e) Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision.
f) A ship of 8000 tonne displacement floats upright in seawater. KG = 7.6m and GM = 0.5m. A tank,
KG is 0.6m above the keel and 3.5m from the centre line, contains 100 tonne of water ballast.
Neglecting the free surface effect, calculate the angle which the ship will heel, when the ballast
water is pumped out.
a) Describe how the force on the ship’s bottom and the GM vary when grounding takes place.
b) A ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement takes the ground on a sand bank on a falling tide at an even
keel draft of 5.2 metre. KG 4.0 metre. The predicted depth of water over the sand bank at the
following low water is 3.2 metre. Calculate the GM at this time assuming that the KM will then be
5.0 metre and that mean TPC is 15 tonne.

The following data are available from the hydrostatic curves of a vessel:
Draught KB KM I
(m) (m) (m) (m4)
4.9 2.49 10.73 65250
5.2 2.61 10.79 68860
Calculate the TPC at a draught of 5.05 m.
Sr. No: 7 (2023)
a) Describe how the distribution of mass within the ship affects the rolling period.
b) Describe the general precaution to be taken against capsizing.
c) The righting moments of a ship at angles of heel of 0, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° are 0, 1690, 5430,
9360 and 9140 kNm respectively. Calculate the dynamical stability at 60°.
a) Explain the concept of dynamical stability.

b) A. With reference to dynamical stability, describe the effect of an increase in wind pressure when
a vessel is at its maximum angle of roll to windward.
A ship of 5000 tonne displacement has three rectangular double bottom tanks A: 12m long and 16m
wide; Tank B: 14m long and 15m wide; C 14m long and 16m wide. Calculate the free surface effect for
any one tank and state in which order the tanks should be filled when making use of them for stability
correction.

a) Describe briefly the significance of the factor of sub-division;

b) Explain what is meant by permissible length of compartments in passenger ships.
c) Describe how the position of bulkheads is determined.
d) A box shaped vessel 65m X 12m X 8m has KG 4m and is floating in self water upright on an even
keel at 4m draft F and A. Calculate the moments of statically stability at
i. 5 degrees and
ii. 25 degrees’ heel.
Sr. No: 1 (2019)
a) With reference to dynamical stability, describe the effect of an increase in wind pressure when a
vessel is at its maximum angle of roll to windward.
b) A ship of 15000 tonne displacement has righting levers of 0, 0.38, 1.0, 1.41 and 1.2 m at angles of
hell of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° respectively and an assumed KG of 7.0 m. The vessel is loaded to
this displacement but the KG is found to be 6.80m and GM 1.5m –
i. Draw the amended stability curve;
ii. Estimate the dynamic stability at 60°
a) Explain the purpose of non-watertight longitudinal subdivision of tanks.

b) A ship 160 m long and 8700 tonne displacement floats at waterline with
Station AP ½ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7½ FP
½ ordinate 0 2.4 5.0 7.3 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.7 5.5 2.8 0
While floating at this waterline, the ship develops a list of 10o due to instability. Calculate the
negative metacentric height when the vessel is upright in this condition.

a) Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the
upright in each case.
b) Explain the effect of bilging a centreline compartment located away from amidships.
c) A ship of 5000 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank 12m long. The ½ breadths of the top
of the tank are 5, 4 and 2m respectively. The tank has a watertight centre line division. Calculate
the free surface effect if the tank is partially full of fresh water on one side only.
a) Explain the effect on GM during the filing of a double bottom tank.

b) A ship of 8,000 tonnes displacement has KM 7.5 m, and KG 7.0m. A double bottom tank is 12
meters long 15 meters wide and 1 meter deep. The tank is divided longitudinally at the centre
line and both sides are full of salt water. Calculate the list if one side is pumped on until it is
half empty.
a) Explain the term volumetric heeling moments.

b) A box barge 33 m long and 5.5 m wide has a light displacement and KG of 216 tonne and 2.75 m
respectively. 80 tonne of machinery are put on board and in order to maintain stability 54
tonne of Ballast are at Kg 0.15 m. The final GM is 0.13 m. Calculate the Kg of the added
machinery.
a) Explain the effect of trim on tank soundings.

b) A ship of 6600 tonne displacement has KG 3.6 m and KM 4.3 m. A mass of 50 tonne is now lifted
from the quay by one of the ship’s derricks whose head is 18 m above the keel. The ship heels
to a maximum of 9.5° while the mass is being transferred. Calculate the outreach of the derrick
from the ship’s centre line.
Quest: 13 Sr. No: 10 (2018) Sr. No: 1 (2019)
a) Explain why the GM must remain positive until the critical instant at which the ship takes the
blocks overall.
b) A ship of displacement 10,010 tones has a container of 10 t at KG = 7.5m. The container is shifted
transversely. A pendulum of length 7.5 m defects through 13.5m. GM of ship = 0.76m, KM = 6.7m.
Find the distance through which the container shifted. Also find the new KG if the container is
removed.
Quest: 14 Sr. No: 6 (2023)
b) A box shaped vessel of length 100 metres and breadth 18 metres, floats in salt water on an even
keel at 7.5 metres draft. KG = 4 metres. The ship has a continuous center line bulkhead which is
watertight. Find the list if a compartment amidships, which is 15 metres long and is empty, is
bilged on one side.
Quest: 15 Sr. No: 1 (2023)

b) A box -barge 30 m long and 9 m beam floats at a draught of 3 m. The centre of gravity lies on the
centre line and KG is 3.50 m. A mass of 10 tonne, which is already on board, is now moved 6m
across the ship.
i. Estimate the angle to which the vessel will heel, using the formula GZ=sin θ(GM+1/2BM tan2
θ)
ii. Compare the above result with the angle of heel obtained by the metacentric formula. (10)

Quest: 16 Sr. No: 8 (2022)
a) Why is an inclining experiment carried out? Write short account of the method adopted.
b) An inclining experiment was carried out on a ship of 8000 tonne displacement. The inclining
ballast was moved transversely through 12 m and the deflections of a pendulum 5.5m long,
measured from the centre line, were as follows
3 tonne port to starboard 64 mm S
3 Tonne port to starboard 116 mm S
Ballast restored 3 mm S
3 Tonne starboard to port 54 mm P
3 tonne starboard to port 113 mm P
Calculate the metacentric height of the vessel.
Quest: 17 Sr. No: 3 (2012)
a) Describe briefly the inclining experiment and explain how the results are used.
b) A ship of 8500 tonne displacement has a double bottom tank 11 m wide extending for the full
breadth of the ship, having a free surface of seawater. If the apparent loss in metacentric height
due to slack water is 14 cm, find the length of the tank.
Quest: 18 Sr. No: 10 (2011) Sr. No: 8 (2023)
a) Describe the ways in which an unstable ship can be made stable.

b) When a mass of 25 tonnes is shifted 15 m transversely across the deck of a ship of 8,000 tonnes
displacement, it causes a deflection of 20 cm in a plumb line 4 m long. If the KM = 7 m,
calculatethe KG.

Quest: 19 Sr. No: 10 (2011) Sr. No: 8 (2023)
a) Explain why the bilging of empty double bottom tanks below the water line leads to an increase
in GM.
b) A ship of 10,000 tonnes displacement has GM=0.5 meters. The period of roll in still water is 20
seconds. Find the new period of roll if a mass of 50 tonnes is discharged from a position 14
meters above the centre of gravity.

CH6: Trim
Sr. No: 1 (2021) Sr. No: 2 (2022)
a) List the precautions necessary before an inclining experiment is carried out.

b) A box shaped vessel, 50 metre long × 10 metre wide, floats in salt water on an even keel at a draft
of 4 metre. A centre line longitudinal watertight bulkhead extends from end to end and for the full
depth of the vessel. A compartment amidships on the starboard side is 15 metre long and
contains cargo with permeability 30%. Calculate the list if this compartment is bilged. KG = 3
metre.
a) Define longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG) and longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB).
b) Describe the effect of GM on rolling.
c) A ship 120m long floats has draughts of 5.50m forward and 5.80m aft; MCT1 cm 80 tonne m, TPC
13, LCF 2.5m forward of midships. Calculate the new draughts when a mass of 110 tonne is added
24m aft of midships.

CH6: Trim
b) What is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ship speed’s is outside its operation
range?
c) Describe stability requirements for dry docking.
d) An oil tanker 160m long and 22m beam floats at a draught of 9m in seawater. Cw is 0.865. The
midships section is in the form of a rectangle with 1.2m radius at the bilges. A midships tank
10.5m long has twin longitudinal bulkheads and contains oil of 1.4 m3/t to a depth of 11.5m. The
tank is holed to the sea for the whole of its transverse section. Find the new draught.
a) Explain how to distinguish between list and loll and describe how to return the ship to the
upright ineach case.
b) Describe briefly the significance of the factor of subdivision.
c) A ship 120m long has a light displacement of 4000 tonne and LCG in this condition 2.5m
aft ofmidships.
The following items are then added:
Cargo 1000 tonne LCG 3.0 m Fwd of midships
Fuel 1500 tonne LCG 2.0 m Aft of midships
Water 400 tonne LCG 8.0 m Aft of midships
stores 100 tonne LCG 10.0 m Fwd of midships
Using the following hydrostatic data, calculate the fine draughts:
LCB from LCF from midships
Draught (m) Displacement(t) MCTI cm (tm)
midships (m) (m)
8.50 16650 183 1.94 F 1.20A
8.00 15350 175 2.10 F 0.60F

CH6: Trim
Sr. No: 1 (2022) Sr. No: 10 (2022)
a) Describe measures which may be taken to improve the stability or trim of a damaged ships.
b) Explain the term volumetric heeling moments.
c) A ship 85m long displaces 8100 tonne when floating in seawater at draughts of 5.25m forward
and 5.55m aft. TPC 9.0, GML 96m, LCF 2m aft of midships. It is decided to introduce water ballast
to completely submerge the propeller and a draught aft of 5.85m is required. A ballast tank 33m
aft of midships is available. Find the least amount of water required and the final draught
forward.
Sr. No: 7 (2023)
a) Describe the stability requirements of a ship for dry-docking.

b) A ship 130m long displaces 14000 tonne when floating at draughts of 7.5m forward and 8.10m
aft. GML 125m, TPC 18, LCF 3m aft of midships. Calculate the final draughts when a mass of 180
tonne lying 40m aft of midships is removed from the ship
a) Distinguish between ships of Type “A” and Type “B” for the purpose of computation of free
board.
b) The draughts of a ship 170 m long are 6.85 m forward and 7.50 m aft. MCTI cm 300 tonne m,
TPC28, LCF 3.5 m, forward of midships.
Calculate the new draughts after the following changes in loading have taken place.
160 tone Added 63 m Aft of midships
200 tonne Added 27 m Forward of midships
120 tonne Removed 75 m Aft of midships
70 tonne Removed 16 m Aft of mid ships

CH6: Trim

b) A ship 90 m long displaces 5200 tonne and floats at draughts of 4.95m forward and 5.35 m aft
when in sea water of 1023 kg/m3. The water plane area is 1100m2, GML 95m, LCB 0.6m forward
of midships and LCF 2.2m aft of midships. Calculate the new draughts when the vessel moves into
fresh water of 1002 kg/m3
Sr. No: 4 (2013) Sr. No: 6 (2013) Sr. No: 4 (2015)
a) Explain the term angle of loll and state what, if any, dangers it poses to a vessel.
b) Describe the factors to consider in order to determine whether a list is due to a negative GM or
to uneven distribution of masses in a ship.
c) A ship whose length is 110 m has MCTI cm 55 tonne m: TCP 9, LCF 1.5 m forward of midships
and floats at draughts of 4.20 m forward and 4.45 m aft.
Calculate the new draughts after the following masses have been added
20 tonne 40 m Aft of midships

70 tonne 06 m Fwd of midships
15 tonne 30 m Fwd of midships
Sr. No: 4 (2021) Sr. No: 4 (2023)
a) Explain the use of KN curves.

b) A ship of 8000 tonne displacement, 110m long, floats in sea water of 1.024t/m3 at draughts of 6m
forward and 6.3 m aft. The TPC is 16, LCB 0.6 m aft of midships, LCF 3m aft of midships and
MCT1cm 65 tonne m, the vessel now moves into fresh water of 1.000t/m3. Calculate the distance
a mass of 50 tonne must be moved to bring the vessel to an even keel and determine the final
draught.
CH6: Trim
Sr. No: 11 (2014) Sr. No: 11 (2015)
a) Explain why the GM must remain positive until the critical instant at which the ship takes the
blocks overall.
b) What is “form stability” and “weight stability”.
c) Explain the effect of bilging a centreline compartment located away from midship.
d) A ship of 5000 tonnes displacement enters a drydock trimmed 0.45 m by the stern. KM=7.5m,
KG=6.0 m. MCTC=120 tonnes-m. The centre of flotation is 60 m from aft. Find the effective
metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the blocks overall, assuming that
the transverse metacenter rises 0.075 m.
Sr. No: 6 (2013) Sr. No: 4 (2015)
a) Explain what is meant by ‘assigned summer free board’.

b) A ship 120 m long has draughts of 6.6 m forward and 6.9 aft. The TPC is 20, MCTI cm 101
tonne-m and the centre of flotation 3.5 m aft of midships. Calculate the maximum position aft at
which 240 tonne may be added so that the after draught does not exceed 7.2 m.
Sr. No: 6 (2016)
a) Explain how trim occurs, and how explain the effect of trim on tank soundings.
b) A ship of 150 metres long arrives at the mouth of a river with drafts 5.5 m. F and 6.3 m A. MCT
1 cm. 200 tonnes-m. TPC 15 tonnes. Centre of floatation is 1.5 m aft of amidships. The ship has
then to proceed up the river where the maximum draft permissible is 6.2 m. It is decided that
SW ballast will be run into the forepeak tank to reduce the draft aft to 6.2 m. If the centre of
gravity of the forepeak tank is 60 metres forward of the center of flotation, find the
minimum amount of waterwhich must be run in and also find the final draft forward.

CH6: Trim
a) Describe how the distribution of mass within the ship affects the rolling period;
b) A ship of 14000 tonne displacement is 125 m long and floats at draughts of 7.9 m forward and
8.5 m aft. The TPC is 19, GML 120 m and LCF 3 m forward of midships. It is required to bring the
vessel to an even keel draught of 8.5m. Calculate the mass which should be added and the
distance of the distance of the centre of the mass from midships.
A ship of 3,000 tonnes displacement 100 m long has KM=6m, KG=5.5m. The centre of floatation
is 2m aft of amidships. MCTC=40 tonnes-m. Find the maximum trim for the ship to enter a dry
dock if the metacentric height at the critical instant before the ship takes the blocks forwarded
and aft is to be not lessthan 0.3m.
a) Explain how wave profile affects the shear-force and bending moment curves.
b) A ship 125 m long displaces 12000 tonne. When a mass of 100 tonne is moved 75 m from
forwardto aft there is a change in trim of 65 cm by stern. Calculate:
i. MCT 1 cm
ii. The longitudinal metacentric height
iii. The distance moved by the centre of gravity of the ship
A box-shaped pontoon is 36 metre long, 4 metre wide and floats in salt water at drafts F-2.00 m,
A-4.00 m. Find the new drafts if the pontoon now passes into fresh water.

CH6: Trim
Quest: 18 Sr. No: 6 (2023)
a) Explain what is meant by left and right handed propellers, and also explain the rotation of
propellers in a twin-screw ship.
b) A ship 120m long displaces 8000 tonne, GML is 102m, TPC 17.5 and LCF 2m aft of midships. It
arrives in port with draughts of 6.3m forward and 6.6m aft. During the voyage the following
changes in loading have taken place:
Fuel used 200 tonne 18 m Fwd of midships
Water used 100 tonne 3 m Aft of midships
Stores used 10 tonne 9 m Aft of midships
Ballast added 300 tonne 24 m Fwd of midships
Quest: 19 Sr. No: 11 (2022)
a) Define longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG) and longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB). (6)
b) A vessel, when floating at a draught of 3.6 m has a displacement of 8172 tonne, KB 1.91 m and
LCB 0.15 m aft of midships. From the following information, calculate the displacement, KB and
position of the LCB for the vessel when floating at a draught of 1.2rn. (10)
Draught TPC LCF FROM MIDSHIPS
1.2 23.0 1.37 F
2.4 24.2 0.76 A
3.6 25.0 0.92
Quest: 20 Sr. No: 9 (2022)
A box shaped barge of uniform construction is 80 m long, 12 m beam and has a light displacement of
888 tonne. The barge is loaded to a draught of 7 m in sea water of density 1025 kg/m3 with cargo
evenly distributed over two end compartment of equal length. The empty midship compartment
extending to the full width and depth of the barge is bilged and the draught increased to 10 m.
Determine:
a) The length of the midship compartment
b) The longitudinal still water bending moment at midships
CH6: Trim
i. In the loaded intact condition
ii. In the new bilged condition
Quest: 21 Sr. No: 9 (2022)
a) Explain the term angle of loll and state the dangers it poses to a vessel. What action to be taken to
correct angle of loll.
b) A ship of 22000 tonne displacement is 160 m long and MCTI cm 280 tonne m, waterplane are
3060 m2 centre of buoyancy 1 m aft of midships and centre of flotation 4 m aft of midships. It
floats in water of 1.007 t/m3 at draughts of 8.15 m forward and 8.75 m aft. Calculate the new
draughts if the vessel moves into sea water of 1.026 t/m3.
Quest: 22 Sr. No: 6 (2019)
A box shaped vessel is 80 m long, 12 m wide and floats at a draught of 4m. A full width midships
compartment 15 m long is bilged and this results in the draught increasing to 4.5 m. Calculate EACH
of the following:
a) The permeability of the compartment;
b) The change in metacentric height due to bilging.
Quest: 23 Sr. No: 6 (2014)
A box barge 60 m long and 10 m wide floats at a level keel draught of 3 m. Its centre of gravity is 2.5
m above the keel. Determine the end draughts if an empty, fore end compartment 9 m long is laid
open to the sea.

CH6: Trim
Quest: 24 Sr. No: 12 (2011)
a) State what is meant by floodable length illustrating your answer by drawing a typical curve of
floodable length of a ship.
b) A vessel has a maximum allowable draught of 8.5 m in fresh water and 8.25 m in sea water of
1.026 t/m3, the TPC in the sea water being 27.5. The vessel is loaded in river water of 1.012
t/m3 to draught of 8.44 m. If it now moves into sea water, is it necessary to pump out any ballast
and if so, how much?

CH7: Resistance
a) What is meant by the Admiralty Coefficient and the Fuel Coefficient?

b) A ship of 14900 tonne displacement has a shaft power of 4460 Kw at 14.55 knots. The shaft
power is reduced to 4120 kW and the fuel consumption at the same displacement is 541 kg/h.
calculate the fuel coefficient for the ship.
Sr. No: 8 (2021)
a) Why is it important in a tender ship to keep the double bottom tanks pressed up?
b) A ship of 6000 tonne displacement has a wetted surface area of 2500 m2 and a speed of 15 knots.
i. Calculate the corresponding speed and wetted surface area of as similar ship of 2000 tonne
displacement.
ii. If the ship resistance is of the form R=0.45 S V1.83 N, find the resistance of the 6000 tonne
Ship.
a) Explain the purpose of the rudder carrier and pintles.

CH7: Resistance
b) The speed of a ship is increased to 18% above normal for 7.5 hours, and then reduced to 9%
below normal for 10 hours. The speed is then reduced for the remainder of the day so that the
consumption for the day is the normal amount. Find the percentage difference between the
distance travelled in that day and the normal distance travelled per day.
Sr. No: 8 (2015)
a) Explain what is meant by:

i. Wave making resistance;
ii. Frictional resistance;
iii. Eddy-making resistance
b) When a ship is 800 nautical miles from port its speed is reduced by 20%, thereby reducing the
daily fuel consumption by 42 tonne and arriving in port with 50 tonne on board. If the fuel
consumption in t/h is given by the expression (0.136+0.001 V3) where V is the speed in knots,
estimate:
i. The reduced consumption per day;
ii. The amount of fuel on board when the speed was reduced
iii. The percentage decrease in consumption for the latter part of the voyage;
The percentage increases in time for this latter period.
a) What is the effect on fuel consumption per unit time, if the ship’s speed is outside its
operatingrange?
b) The frictional resistance of a ship in fresh water at 3 m/s is 11 N/m2. The ship has a wetted
surface area of 2500 m2 and the frictional resistance is 72% of the total resistance and varies as
speed1.92. If the effective power is 1100 kW, calculate the speed of the ship.

CH7: Resistance
The daily fuel consumption of a ship at 17 knots is 42 tonne. Calculate the speed of the ship if the
consumption is reduced to 28 tonne per day, and the specific consumption at the reduced speed is
18% more than at 17 knots.
Quest: 7 Sr. No: 9 (2022) Sr. No: 1 (2023)
a) Explain the concept of dynamical stability.

b) Explain how wave profile affects the shear force and bending moment curves.
c) The wetter surface are of a container ships is 5946 m2, when travelling at its service speed, the
effective power required is 11250 kW with frictional resistance 74 % of the total resistance and
specific fuel consumption is 0.22 Kg/kWh. To conserve fuel, the ship speed is reduced by 10 %,
the daily fuel consumption is then found to be 83.0 tonne.
Frictional coefficient in sea water is 1.432
Speed in m/s with index (n) 1.825
Propulsive coefficient may be assumed constant at 0.6
Determine:
i. The service speed of the ship
ii. The percentage increase in specific fuel consumption when running at reduced speed.
Quest: 8 Sr. No: 8 (2022)
a) Describe how water tightness is maintained where bulkheads are pierced by longitudinal beams
or pipes.
b) The length of a ship is 7.6 times the breadth, while the breadth is 2.85 times the draught. The
block coefficient is 0.69, prismatic coefficient 0.735, waterplane area coefficient 0.81 and the
wetted surface area 7000 m2. The wetted surface area S is given by Denny's formula:
S= 1.7 Ld + ▼/d
Calculate:
i. displacement in tonne
ii. area of immersed midship section
iii. Waterplane area.
CH7: Resistance
Quest: 9 Sr. No: 2 (2012)
a) Describe the effect of Cavitation on:

i. The thrust and torque
ii. The propeller blades
b) A ship 150 m long and 19 m beam floats at a draught of 8 m and has a block coefficient of 0.68.
i. If the Admiralty Coefficient is 600, calculate the shaft power required at 18 knots.
ii. If the speed is now increased to 21 knots, and within this speed range resistance varies as
speed3,find the new shaft power.
Quest: 10 Sr. No: 3 (2023)
a) Why is it important in a tender ship to keep the double bottom tanks pressed up?
b) The fuel consumption of a ship at 17 knots is 47 tonne/day. The speed is reduced and the
consumption is reduced to 22 tonne/day. At the lower speed, however, the consumption per
unit power is 13.2% greater than at 17 knots. Find the reduced speed and the percentage
saving on a voyage of 3000 nautical miles.
Quest: 11 Sr. No: 11 (2022)
a) Derive the Admiralty Coefficient formula and show how this may be modified to suit a fast ship.
b) A 6m model of a ship has a wetted surface area of 7m2 and when towed in fresh water at 3knots
has a total resistance of 35 N. Calculate the effective power of the ship, 120 m long, at its
corresponding speed. n=1.825. f from formula SCF=1.15 (10)
Answer: CH7 Pg174 of Notes

CH8: Propellers
Sr. No: 7 (2023)
a) Describe the effect of cavitation on the propeller blades.

b) A propeller 4.6m diameter has a pitch of 4.3m and boss diameter of 0.75. The real slip is 28% at
95 rev/min. Calculate the speed of advance, thrust and thrust power.
Sr. No: 9 (2015)
a) Explain what is meant by left and right handed propellers, and also explain the rotation of
propellers in a twin-screw ship.
b) Explain the various efficiencies associated with propeller and shafting arrangement.
c) What is meant by singing of propeller.
d) Describe the fundamental principle of propeller.
e) A propeller 6m diameter has a pitch ratio of 0.9, BAR 0.48 and, when turning at 110 rev/min, has
a real slip of 25% and wake faction 0.30. If the propeller delivers a thrust of 300 KN and the
propeller efficiency is 0.65. Calculate:
i. Blade area;
ii. Ship speed;
iii. Thrust power;
iv. Shaft power
v. Torque.

CH8: Propellers
Sr. No: 10 (2021) Sr. No: 1 (2023) Sr. No: 4 (2023)
a) List the variables which affect the force on Rudder (6)

b) A ship of 15000 tonne displacement has an Admiralty Coefficient, based on shaft power, of 420.
The mechanical efficiency of the machinery is 83%, shaft losses 6%, propeller efficiency 65% and
QPC 0.71. At a particular speed the thrust power is 2550kW.
Calculate:
i. Indicated power;
ii. Effective power;
iii. Ship speed.
With respect to Ship Propulsion:

a) Explain the various efficiencies associated with propeller and shafting arrangement.
b) When a propeller of 4.8 m pitch turns at 110 rpm, the apparent slip is found to be —S % and the
real slip is 1.5 S %. If the wake speed is 25 % of the ship speed, calculate the ship speed, apparent
slip and the real slip.
a) Describe the procedure for speed, power and fuel consumption trials.
b) List the variables which affect the force on a rudder.
c) A propeller of 4m pitch has an efficiency of 67%. When turning at 125 rev/min the real slip is
36% and the delivered power 2800 kW. Calculate the thrust of the propeller.

CH8: Propellers
Sr. No: 8 (2021) Sr. No: 2 (2022) Sr. No: 3 (2023)
A propeller has a pitch ratio of 0.95. When turning at 120 rev/min the real slip is 30%, the wake
fraction 0.28 and the ship speed 16 knots. The thrust is found to be 400 KN, the torque 270 KN-m and
the QPC 0.67. Calculate:
i. The propeller diameter;
ii. The shaft power;
iii. the propeller efficiency;
iv. The thrust deduction factor.
Sr. No: 12 (2019) Sr. No: 2 (2021) Sr. No: 6 (2022)
A ship of length 140m, Breadth of 18.5m, draught of 8.1m and a displacement of 17,025 tonnes in sea
water, has a face pitch ratio of 0.673. Diameter of the Propeller is 4.8m. The results of the speed trial
show that true slip may be regarded as constant over a range of 9 to 13 knots and is 30%, w =
0.5CB-0.05. If fuel used is 20t/day at 13 knots and fuel consumption/day varies as cube of speed of
ship, determine the fuel consumption, when propeller runs at 110 rpm.
Sr. No: 4 (2021)
With reference to fixed pitch propellers:

a) Explain Propeller Slip and Propeller Thrust.
b) The shaft power of a ship is 3000 KW, the ship’s speed V is 13.2 knot. Propeller rps is 1.27.
Propeller pitch is 5.5m and the speed of advance is 11 Knots. Find:
i. Real Slip
ii. Wake fraction
iii. Propeller thrust, when its efficiency, η = 70%

CH8: Propellers
Sr. No: 11 (2021)
a) Describe how thrust power is determined.

b) The following information relates to a model propeller of 400mm pitch:
Rev/min 400 450 500 550 600
Thrust N 175 260 365 480 610
Torque Nm 16.8 22.4 28.2 34.3 40.5
i. Plot curves of thrust and torque against rev/min

ii. When the speed of advance of the model is 150 m / min and slip 0.20, calculate the efficiency.
Sr. No: 11 (2014)
a) Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and:

i. Ship speed
ii. The wetted area
iii. Surface roughness
iv. The length of the vessel.
b) A ship travels at 15 knots and has a QPC of 0.865 with a delivered power of 2600 kW. The
apparent slip is 5% and the real ship is 28%. Calculate the total resistance and the wake friction.
Sr. No: 6 (2016)
a) Define hull efficiency and propeller efficiency.

b) A ship of 2890 tonne displacement and speed of 14 knots has a machinery mass of 410
tonne. Amass of ship’s machinery is given by the formula: m= k ∆2/3 V3tonne.
i. Calculate the mass of the machinery of a similar ship of 3000 tonne displacement at the
corresponding speed.
ii. If the 2890 tonnes ship required 2920 kW shaft power, calculate the shaft power
required by the3000 tonne ship.

CH8: Propellers
Sr. No: 8 (2023)
a) What factors influence the frictional resistance of ship and what formula is used to calculate the
resistance?
b) Describe the effect of Cavitation on:
ii. The propeller blades
c) Describe the process of correcting a negative GM.
d) A ship 120 m long displaces 10500 tonne and has a wetted surface area of 3000 m². At 15 knots
the shaft power is 4100 kW, propulsive coefficient 0.6 and 55% of the thrust is available to
overcome frictional resistance. Calculate the shaft power required for a similar ship 140 m long at
the corresponding speed. f= 0.42 and n = 1.825
A ship 150 m in length, 24 m breadth, displaces 25000 tonne when floating at a draught of 9 m in sea
water of density 1025 kg/m3. The ship’s propeller has a diameter of 5.8 m, a pitch ratio of 0.9 and a
blade area ratio of 0.45. With the propeller operating at 2 rev/sec, the following results were
recorded:
Apparent slip ratio = 0.06, Thrust power = 3800 kW, Propeller efficiency = 64%, The Taylor wake
fraction is given by: WT = 0.5CB - 0.05. Calculate EACH of the following for the above condition:
a) The ship’s speed
b) The real slip ratio
c) The thrust per unit area of blade surface
d) The torque delivered to the propeller.
a) List the components of residuary resistance.

b) The following data are available for a twin screw vessel:
V (knots) 15 16 17 18
Epn (kW) 3000 3750 4700 5640
QPC 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.71

CH8: Propellers
Calculate the service speed if the brake power for each engine is 3500 kW. The transmission
losses are 3% and the allowances for weather and appendages 30%.
Quest: 15 Sr. No: 8 (2022)
a) Describe the effects of cavitation on:

ii. the propeller blades.
b) A ship of 355190 tonne displacement is 325 m long, 56m wide and floats in sea water of density
1025 kg/m3 at a draught of 22.4 m. The propeller has a diameter of 7.4 m, a pitch ratio of 0.85,
and when rotating at 1.5 rev/s the real slip is 48.88% and the fuel consumption is 165 tonne per
day. The taylor wake fraction Wt=0.5Cb-0.05.
Calculate:
i. The speed in knots
ii. The reduced speed at which the ship should travel if the fuel consumption in a voyage is to be
halved.
iii. The length of the voyage if the extra time on passage is six days when travelling at the reduced
speed.
iv. The amount of fuel required on board before commencing on the voyage at the reduced speed.
Quest: 16 Sr. No: 6 (2019)
The following data applies to a ship operating on a particular voyage with a propeller of 6 m diameter
having a pitch ratio of 0.95: propeller speed = 1.8 revs/s, Real slip = 34% , Apparent slip = 7% , Shaft
power = 10000 kW, Specific fuel consumption = 0.22 kg/kW-hr
a) The ship speed in knots;
b) The Taylor wake fraction;
c) The reduced speed at which the ship should travel in order to reduce the voyage
consumption;
d) The voyage distance if the voyage takes 3 days longer at the reduced speed;
e) The amount of fuel required for the voyage at the reduced speed.

CH8: Propellers
Quest: 17 Sr. No: 10 (2019)
With reference to the wake of a vessel:

a) Explain Wake fraction and Quasi Propulsive co-efficient(QPC).
b) A ship travelling at 15.5 knots has a propeller of 5.5 m pitch turning at 95 rev/min. The thrust of
the propeller is 380 KN and the delivered power 3540 KW. If the real slip is 20% and the thrust
deduction factor 0.198, calculate the Quasi Propulsive Coefficient (QPC) and the wake fraction.
Quest: 18 Sr. No: 6 (2014)
A propeller has pitch of 4.57 m. At 100 rev/min the real slip is 20% and wake speed is 1 knots.
Calculate the apparent slip percentage.
Quest: 19 Sr. No: 12 (2011)
a) If resistance α S V2 and S α ∆2/3, derive the Admiralty Coefficient formula.

b) A ship 160 m long, 22 beam and 9.2 m draught has a block coefficient of 0.765. The pitch of the
propeller is 4 m and when it turns at 96 rev/min the true slip is 33%, the wake fraction
0.335 and shaft power 2900 kW. Calculate the Admiralty Coefficient and the shaft power at 15
knots.

CH9: Rudder Theory
a) List the variables which affect the force on Rudder.

b) Explain the considerations which govern the size and shape of a rudder.
c) Explain why the rudder angle does not normally exceed 35o.
d) What factors influence the frictional resistance of a ship and what formula is used to calculate
their resistance?
e) A ship of 12000 tonne displacement has a rudder 15 m2 in area, whose centre is 5 m below the
water line. The metacentric height of the ship is 0.3 m and centre of buoyancy is 3.3 m below the
waterline. When travelling at 20 knots the rudder is turned through 30 degree. Find the initial
angle of heel if the fore Fr perpendicular to the plane of the rudder is given by:
Fr= 577 Av2 Sin α N
Allow 20% for the race effect.
a) Explain how the distribution of masses affects rolling and pitching.

b) A ship turns is a circle of radius 100 metres at a speed of 15 knots. The GM is 2/3 metres and
BG is 1 metre. If g = 981 cm/sec2 and 1 knot is equal to 1.8532 km/hour, find the heel due to
turning.

CH9: Rudder Theory
Quest: 3 Sr. No: 11 (2022)
a) Describe the relationship between frictional resistance and

i. Ship’s speed;
ii. The wetted area;
iii. Surface roughness;
iv. The length of the vessel.
b) A ship 150m long and 8.5m draught has a rudder whose area is one sixtieth of the middle-line
plane and diameter of stock 320mm. Calculate the maximum speed at which the vessel may travel
if the maximum allowable stress is 70 MN/m? the centre of stock 0.9m from the centre of effort
and the maximum rudder angle is 35 degrees. (10)

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Ser. No.

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 1 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Sr. No: 2 (2023) Sr. No: 9 (2023)

Sr. No: 1 (2022)

a) Describe how bulkheads are tested.

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 2 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Quest: 4 Sr. No: 10 (2022)

a) What is meant by the admiralty coefficient and the fuel coefficient?

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 3 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Sr. No: 8 (2022)

Quest: 4 Sr. No: 1 (2023)

a) Describe the effect of cavitation’s on the propeller blades.

Quest: 5 Sr. No: 9 (2011)

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 5 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Sr. No: 6 (2022) Sr. No: 4 (2023)

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 6 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Sr. No: 12 (2019) Sr. No: 3 (2021) Sr. No: 4 (2023)

With respect to Inclining Experiments onboard vessel;

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 7 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Sr. No: 3 (2017) Sr. No: 10 (2017) Sr. No: 12 (2020)

Sr. No: 8 (2021)

a) With the aid of sketches:

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 8 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Quest: 8 Sr. No: 8 (2022)

a) Explain the use of KN curves.

Quest: 9 Sr. No: 6 (2019)

Quest: 10 Sr. No: 3 (2012)

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 9 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Sr. No: 12 (2022)

a) Explain how increase of draught and of displacement influence rolling.

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 10 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Quest: 4 Sr. No: 2 (2010) Sr. No: 9 (2015)

Quest: 5 Sr. No: 6 (2023)

Quest: 6 Sr. No: 9 (2022)

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 11 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Sr. No: 6 (2022)

a) Describe stability requirement for dry-docking.

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 12 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Sr. No: 7 (2023)

a) Explain the concept of dynamical stability.

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 13 of 40 Nitin Rajput

a) Describe briefly the significance of the factor of sub-division;

Sr. No: 1 (2019)

a) Explain the purpose of non-watertight longitudinal subdivision of tanks.

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 14 of 40 Nitin Rajput

a) Explain the effect on GM during the filing of a double bottom tank.

a) Explain the term volumetric heeling moments.

a) Explain the effect of trim on tank soundings.

Quest: 13 Sr. No: 10 (2018) Sr. No: 1 (2019)

Quest: 14 Sr. No: 6 (2023)

Quest: 15 Sr. No: 1 (2023)

a) Explain the purpose of non-watertight longitudinal subdivision of tanks.

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 16 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Quest: 16 Sr. No: 8 (2022)

Quest: 17 Sr. No: 3 (2012)

Quest: 18 Sr. No: 10 (2011) Sr. No: 8 (2023)

a) Describe the ways in which an unstable ship can be made stable.

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 17 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Quest: 19 Sr. No: 10 (2011) Sr. No: 8 (2023)

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 18 of 40 Nitin Rajput

Sr. No: 1 (2021) Sr. No: 2 (2022)

a) List the precautions necessary before an inclining experiment is carried out.

jagduru1035@gmail.com Page 19 of 40 Nitin Rajput