English 7

English – Grade 7
Quarter 2 – Module 12: Using Analogy
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Liberty O. Balajadia

Editors/ Reviewers: Marita M. Valerio & Loida G. Tomelden
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Marisol Aspuria Baguisi
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

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Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
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Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
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Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

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 English 7
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 12
Using Analogy
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the English 7 Self-Learning Module on Using Analogy.

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st-century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the English 7 Self-Learning Module on Using Analogy.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create,
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This is your self-learning module in English 7. All the activities provided

in this lesson will help you learn and understand: Using Analogy.
Specifically, you will learn to:
1. Identify word relationships in an analogy;
2. Use analogy to describe or make a point.

PRETEST

Directions: Identify the relationship for each item presented. Choose from the
options inside the parentheses. Encircle your answer.

1. criminal : jail :: patient : hospital (function, synonyms)

2. rock : heavy :: feather : light (qualities, instruments)
3. wind : windmill :: sun : solar panel (function, symbol)
4. red : love :: white : purity (symbol, instruments
5. bed : sleeping :: chair : sitting (antonyms, function)

RECAP

Previously, you learned the prosodic features of speech such as

juncture or phrasing which is a form of intonation that characterizes the flow
of one sound to the next sound while speaking. Another prosodic feature of
speech you previously learned was the rate of speech that shows how fast or
slow you say your words.
 LESSON

An analogy is something that shows how two things are alike and its
purpose is not merely to show, but also to explain. Usually analogies have
additional information to get their point across.

Consider this analogy that meant to communicate futility or

uselessness: “What you’re doing is as useful as rearranging deck chairs on
the Titanic.”

Here, the speaker is using a simile to compare the task being done to
the task of rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic. But, the ultimate goal is
not just to compare one task to another, it is to communicate that the first
task is useless—by comparing it to a similarly useless task, such as
rearranging deck chairs on a ship that famously sank into the sea on its
maiden voyage.

Analogies identify identical relationships. The modern word “analogy”

actually comes from the ancient Greek word for “proportionality,” and Greek
scholars used analogies to directly illustrate similar relationships between
two pairs of words, often for the purpose of logical argument. These analogies
take the form “A is to B as C is to D.” An example of an analogy that identifies
an identical relationship is “black is to white as on is to off.” In this example,
the relationship between black and white (that they’re antonyms, or
opposites) is exactly comparable to the relationship between on and off (on
and off are also opposites).

Remember that an analogy is an agreement, similarity, or connection

in the meaning of words. The first pair in an analogy should have the same
relationship in the second pair.
For example:
1. antibiotic : bacteria :: vaccine : virus.
2. healthy : happy :: sickness : stressed.
The symbol (:) means “is to”.
The symbol (::) means “as”.

The first example should be read as “antibiotic is to bacteria as vaccine

is to virus” while the second example should be read as “healthy is to happy
as sickness is to stressed”.

Here are more examples of analogies and the relationships they presented:
1. Antonyms – words in the analogy having opposite meaning.
Example: fat : thin :: healthy : sickly
2. Synonyms – words in the analogy having the same meaning
Example: wealthy : rich :: poor : impoverished
3. General to Specific (or vice versa) – in which one word names
something that falls into the group named by the other
Example: banana : fruit :: pork : meat
4. Qualities, Interests, Traits or Skills – a word in the analogy talks
about characteristics or abilities unique to the other term
Example: optometrist : eyes :: dermatologist : skin
5. Part and Whole – a word in the analogy is a part or piece of the other
Example: hair : head :: pages : book
6. Instruments – one word is used by the other word to do a job
Example: physician : stethoscope :: soldier : gun
7. Steps in a process – one word is a step in the process
Example: cooking : serving :: editing : publishing
8. Cause and Effect – one word tells why the other word occurred
Example: stay home : safety :: loitering : danger
9. Function – one word tells what the other word is used for
Example: medicine : cure :: poison : kill
10. Products and Raw Materials – a word tells what the other is made of
Example: silk : scarf :: wool : sweater
 11. Symbol and what it represents – on e word tells what the other
word symbolizes.
Example: barong : Philippines :: kimono : Japan
(Voyagers- English for Junior High School Grade 7)

Guided Practice
You will find word analogies, or verbal analogies, used in standardized
tests and sometimes in job interviews where you must show the relationship
between two objects or concepts using logic and reasoning. These analogies
are set up in a standard format.
skeletal system : bones :: respiratory system : lungs

This analogy highlights the relationship between the whole (skeletal

system and the respiratory system) and its parts (the bones and the lungs).
On tests of logic, one portion of the analogy is left blank and students are left
to choose an answer that makes sense to complete the comparison.
For example:
dog : puppy :: cat : _______

To solve the analogy, you must first determine the relationship between
dog and puppy. Once you realize that a puppy is a baby dog, you can find the
corresponding relationship for a cat. A baby cat is a kitten, so the completed
analogy is dog : puppy :: cat : kitten

Though there is no limit to the possibilities when it comes to word

analogies, here are some examples to familiarize yourself with the concept:
 hammer : nail :: comb : hair (instrument)
 white : black :: up : down (antonyms/opposites)
 mansion : shack :: yacht : dinghy (quality)
 bees : hive :: bears : den (location)
 chef : food :: sculptor : stone (interests, traits or skills)
 like : love :: dislike : hate (synonyms)

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/analogy-ex.html.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
Read each item carefully then identify the relationship of each analogy. Write
your answers on the blank before each number.

_________________ 1. Philippines is to Asia as Germany is to Europe.

_________________ 2. Freedom is to slavery as educated is to ignorant.
_________________ 3. Baguio is to Summer Capital of the Philippines as Cebu
is to Queen City of the South.
_________________ 4. Navy is to ships as Air Force is to jets.
_________________ 5. Exercise is to gym as eat is to restaurant.

Activity 2
Supply the missing part of the analogy. Look for the relationship of the first
pair before deciding what word to supply on the blank.

1. Spin : dizzy :: starve : ________________.

2. Time : clock :: temperature ________________.
3. Nonagon : shape :: green : ________________.
4. Pages : book :: bristles : ________________.
5. Cane : sugar :: cocoa : ________________.

WRAP-UP

Write down 3 things you have remembered, 2 examples of what you

have learned, and 1 question you have about the lesson. Write the responses
in your notebook.
 VALUING

Analogy is a very essential part of critical thinking. To think creatively,

a person needs to understand well the concept before making a decision. The
purpose of an analogy is to give additional information to get the point
across to be well understood. In the same manner, if a person understands
well, then he/she can make the right decisions. In this time of crisis, we read
a lot about what is happening around us. Before we believe and do something,
we need to understand well the concept presented to us. We need to think
logically and critically before deciding on what to do.
(Voyagers- English for Junior High School Grade 7)

POSTTEST

Identify the relationship for each set of analogy. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. Knife is to cut as ruler is to measure.

A. Antonyms B. Cause & effect C. Function D. Synonyms

2. Milk is to cow as egg is to hen.

A. Cause & effect B. Product C. Symbol D. Synonyms

3. Toe is to foot as finger is to hand.

A. Cause & effect B. Part & whole C. Product D. Synonyms

4. Sun is to hot as snow is to cold.

A. Cause & effect B. Part & whole C. Product D. Symbol

5. Big is to giant as small is to dwarf.

A. Cause & effect b. Product C. Qualities D. Symbol

 KEY TO CORRECTION

5. C 5. chocolate 5. function 5. Function

4. A 4. brush 4. Instrument 4. symbol
3. B 3. color 3. symbol 3. function
2. B 2. thermometer 2. antonyms 2. quality
1. C 1. hungry II - I– 1. part-whole 1. Function
Posttest: Activities: Pretest:

References
Masterclass. “What is Analogy? Definition and Examples of Analogy in Literature”.
MasterClass.com, August 19, 2019. Accessed on June 26, 2020.
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-analogy#what-is-an-analogy

“Analogy Examples.” Example Articles & Resources | Your Dictionary. Accessed on

26 June 2020. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/analogy-ex.html.

Voyager: English for Junior High School 7 “Analogy.” C&E Publishing, Inc., 2017.