HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KÌ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI NĂM 2022

VÙNG DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH. LỚP 11
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN TUYÊN QUANG Thời gian: 180 phút
----------- Đề thi gồm 15 trang
ĐỀ THI ĐỀ XUẤT

SECTION I. LISTENING (50pts)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
 Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây; mở đầu và kết thúc
mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu. Thí sinh có 20 giây để đọc mỗi phần câu hỏi.
 Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 03 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu
nhạc kết thúc bài nghe.
 Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.

Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to part of a radio interview in which two academics called, Jonh
Farrendale and Lois Granger, taking part in a discussion on the subject of attitudes to work and
choose the answer (A, D, cor D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (Expert Proficiency)

1. Lois agrees with John's point that

A. most people dread the prospect of unemployment
B. the psychological effects of unemployment can be overstated
C. some people are better equipped to deal with unemployment than others.
D. problems arise when unemployment coincides with other traumatic events.
2. Lois agrees with the listener who suggested that
A. work is only one aspect of a fulfilling life.
B. voluntary work may be more rewarding than paid work.
C. not everybody can expect a high level of job satisfaction
D. people should prepare for redundancy as they would for retirement
3. What is John's attitude towards people who see work as a means to an end?
A. He doubts their level of commitment to the job.
B. He accepts that they have made a valid choice.
C. He fears it will lead to difficulties for them later.
D. He feels they may be missing out on something important
4. When asked about so-called 'slackers' at work, John points out that
A. they accept the notion that work is a necessary evil.
B. people often jump to unfair conclusions about them.
C. their views are unacceptable in a free labour market.
D. such an attitude has become increasingly unacceptable.
5. Lois quotes the psychologist Freud in order to
A. show how intellectual ideas have shifted over time.
B. provide a contrast to the ideas of Bertrand Russell.
C. question the idea that a desire to work is a natural thing.
D. lend weight to John's ideas about increased social mobility
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part 2: You are going to listen to a report on how European countries are dealing with the
coronavirus pandemic and decide whether these statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Write
your answer in the corresponding numbered box provided (10 pts)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K30zVlSWJXw

6. Under the full lockdown in Italy, all grocery stores must be shut down.
7. There is a ban on entry for people from Austria into Italy
8. Angla Merkel warned that Coronavirus could infect up to 17% of Germany’s population.
9. Public gatherings still take place in the UK.
10. According to the professor, although the UK is taking more drastic measures than Italy, its
effectiveness is open to question.
Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: You will hear a residence manager giving a short question and answer session to new
residents.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Write your answer in the spaces provided. (10 pts)
https://ieltshelpnow.com/

11. Where will the future residence launderette be?

………………………………………………………………………..
12. What special facility does Betty offer at the Launderette?
………………………………………………………………………..
13. Which number bus does Simon advise Jo to take?
………………………………………………………………………..
14. Where can students get advice on Council Tax?
………………………………………………………………………..
15. Where does Simon say that Bill should register for his Council Tax?
………………………………………………………………………..

Part 4: For questions 16-25, listen to a talk about how pandemics are linked to climate change and
supply the blanks with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken
from the recording for each answer in the space provided.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q53RnXk-2OI.

The prevailing catastrophe is considered an (16)________ with the outbreak of a nightmarish novel virus
which has a tremendous level of (17) ________. Humanity has already witnessed the contribution that
climate change has made to the rising likelihood of pandemics such as Zika, Ebola, SARS and recently,
Covid-19. By forcing wild animals to (18) ________ and move nearer to human due to loss of habitat
and inappropriate temperature, climate change has cleared the way for diseases to spread from these
animals to our community. Deforestation for (19) ________ _ in fact, is the major culprit of so serious
a situation. In addition, air pollution carries an alarming risk for (20) ________, which accounts for high
lethality level among respiratory diseases like Covid-19. The immense population density in
cosmopolitan areas worldwide also means frequent human-to-human contacts that in turn, increases the
peril of (21) ________ · Another drive behind the pandemic is civil aviation. The fact that only Chinese
passengers were (22) ________ for coronavirus initially, for instance, caused other infected travellers
to (23) ________ nationwide. To protect our planet from both the (24) ________ of climate disruption
and Covid-19, it's high time urgent action was taken. However, dangers can be expected from the
pathogens as we necessarily remove (25) ________ of life on our planet.

Your answers
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
SECTION II. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (30pts)
Part 1. Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following questions and write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (20 pts)
26.Many people are feeling the _______ now that there is an economic recession.
A. strain B. prod C. pinch D. pain
27. The fact that his alibi didn’t check out was _______ evidence.
A. discriminating B. incriminating C. invigorating D. undulating
28. Although the company seems very successful and popular, it has ______ actual money. Everything
is built off loans and debts.
A. less or no B. little or no C. many or not D. not any or little
29. The man accused of robbery asked that he _______ on bail until the court hearing.
A. will be released B. is to released C. be released D. was releasing himself
30. The government’s environmental policy has ________ criticism.
A. led up to B. come in for C. clung on to D. gone on for
31. The city of Shanghai is a _______ of modern-day ChinA.
A. microclimate B. microcopy C. microcosm D. microscope
32. “Did you attend the economic planning lecture?”
“Yes, and unfortunately it wasn’t ________ I’d expected”
A. as nearly boring as B. nearly as boring as C. nearly boring as D. so boring as
33. It was _______ that Henry would fail his final exams because he hadn’t even opened up his books
all semester.
A. indelible B. inevitable C. inconceivable D. incomprehensible
34. Sandra must be very _______ to be able to ignore all of her colleagues’s rude remarks.
A. single-minded B. two-faced C. short-sighted D. thick-skinned
35. We've made some great improvements over the past three months, but we're still not out of the _______
A. jungle B. bush C. dark D. woods
36. Many homeless people have been ______ for years with little prospect of finding proper housing.
A. down the drain B. down and dirty C. down and out D. down in the dumps
37. The accountant ______ the company out of millions of dollars before he was caught.
A. swindled B. spun C. dwindled D. saddled
38. The political candidate always tries to ______ any difficult questions when talking to the press.
A. butter up B. fend off C. fawn over D. drive back
39. Money was short and people survived by ______and saving.
A. scrimping B. scavenging C. scouring D. scrounging
40. Jane was terribly nervous before the interview but she managed to pull herself ______ and act
confidently.
A. through B. over C. together D. off
41. Round and round ___________.
A. went the wheels of the engine B. the wheels of the engine went
C. did the wheels of the engine go D. going the wheels of the engine
42. The delight in treasure finding doesn’t always ________acquiring tremendous amounts of valuables.
A. dwell on B. poke around C. lay about D. hinge upon
43. The luxurious office accentuated the manager's position ________. It enhanced his power and his
sense of his own worth. And it made other people feel small.
A. on the pecking pole B. in the nibbling line
C. at the nipping post D. in the pecking order
44. _________ chair the meeting.
A. John was decided to B. There was decided that John should
C. It was decided that John D. John had been decided to
45. The pollution problems in the town have been ______ by mass tourism in the summer months.
A. exacerbated B. developed C. augmented D. contributed
Your answers:
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

Part 2: Use the correct FORM of the word in capitals to fit each gap. Write your answer in the
numbered box. (10 pts)
46. A _______ celebrity featured in an advertising campaign can increase product sales. CHARISMA
47. The new computer lab is open-plan and furnished in a _______ style with basic pieces in white.
MINIMISE
48. The American landscape is being ________ by malls and fast-food restaurants. GENE
49. _______ tools, machines and even structures could redefine how humans live and work. MORPH
50. The complexity of the ecosystem will best be understood through a _______ approach. DISCIPLINE
51. The way that advertisers and the marketers play on people’s insecurities is thoroughly _______ .
MANIPULATE
52. A number of cosmetic manufacturers complained about the requirement for product comparison
tests to validate claims of ______. ALLERGY
53. The ensuring _______ caused the meeting to be rescheduled DEMONISE
54. It is an ________ fact that vaccination is not the one-stop solution to the Covid-19 pandemic.
AXIOM
55. Surely, it’s _______ for the company to claim its product has health benefits when it doesn’t FRAUD

Your answers

46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

SECTION III. READING COMPREHENSION

Part 1. Read the passage below and fill each of the following numbered spaces with ONE suitable
word. Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided. (15p)

THE BENEFITS OF SLEEPING ON THE JOB

Numerous factors dictate the optimal amount of hours an individual should sleep each night, though, for
the average working adult eight hours is the most oft-quoted figure. In recent times, getting a good
night's sleep has been steadily slipping down people's lists of priorities. So (56) ______ so, in fact, that
one in three British people now suffer from some form of sleep deprivation. But in Japan, where the
average adult gets just seven hours and five minutes of sleep (57)______night, workers don't have to
struggle through the day with heavy eyelids. Instead, they can have a short nap! The practice is called
inemuri, which literally means 'to be asleep while present', and is an acceptable feature of Japanese work
environments. In fact, (58) ______ from being embarrassed about falling asleep at work, the Japanese
are actually quite proud of nodding (59) ______ on the job. Inemuri is viewed as an indication that a
worker is working too strenuously and the practice is (60) ______ respected that some Japanese workers
even pretend to be asleep at their desks! Inemuri does have an unwritten code of practice, though. You
must sit (61)______ in your chair while you are napping, you shouldn't nap in front of a superior, and
you shouldn't nap for more than around twenty minutes a day. On the (62)______, many experts believe
the West has much to learn from Japan's enlightened attitudes towards sleeping at work - both from the
point of (63) ______ of health and productivity levels at work. For instance, recent research suggests
that American companies lose 520 hours of productivity per employee per year (64)______ failing to
manage their energy levels properly. By taking power naps, research suggests, workers can recharge
their energy levels. Nevertheless, it (65) ______ to be seen whether sleeping on the job ever becomes
culturally acceptable outside of Asia.
Your answers:

56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

Part 2. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10p.)

Science plays a crucial role in identifying problems related to how natural systems function and
deteriorate, particularly when they are affected by an external factor. In turn, scientific findings shape
the policies introduced to protect such systems where necessary. Experts are frequently called upon by
politicians to provide evidence which can be used to make scientifically sound, or at least scientifically
justifiable policy decisions.

Issues arise as there are frequent disagreements between experts over the way data is gathered and
interpreted. An example of the former is the first scientific evidence of a hole in the ozone layer by the
British Antarctic Survey. (A) The findings were at first greeted by the scientific community with
scepticism, as the British Antarctic Survey was not yet an established scientific community. (B)
Moreover, it was generally believed that satellites would have picked up such ozone losses if they were
indeed occurring. (C) It was not until the methodology of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center was
reviewed that it became apparent that data had been overlooked. (D)

With regards to the latter, controversy between scientists may arise where data analysis appears to
support one policy over another. In 1991, the World Resource Institute (WRI) published estimates of
net emissions and sinks of greenhouse gases for a number of countries, including India. The report
provoked criticisms among Indian scientists who argued that the figures had failed to take some
significant factors into account, leading to overestimated emission values. The WRI was accused of
blaming less economically developed countries for global warming; a stance which, if accepted, could
impede industrialisation and sustain, even widen, the wealth gap.

Problems regarding the scientific method are well documented and it is widely accepted by the scientific
community that, however consistent scientists are in their procedures, the results born under different
circumstances can vary markedly. A number of factors influence research, among them the organisation
of a laboratory, the influence of prevailing theories, financial constraints and the peer review process.
Consequently, scientists tend to believe they are not in a position to bear universal truths but to reveal
tendencies.

However, this is countered by two factors. Firstly, certain scientific institutions wish to maintain a
degree of status as ‘bearers of truth’. Further, policy makers uphold this understanding by requesting
scientific certainties in order to legitimise their policy decisions. According to a number of authors who
have documented this process, decision makers do not necessarily try to obtain all the information which
is or could be made available regarding an issue. Rather, they select that information which is necessary
to fulfil their goals, information termed as ‘half-knowledge’. Attempts to underplay transboundary
issues such as water provision and pollution are cases in point. Politicians clearly cannot pretend that
certain data do not exist if they are well-known in scientific communities or national borders, but some
discretion is evident, especially where there is controversy and uncertainty.

It is important to note that policies regarding scientific issues are influenced in no small part by societal
factors. These include the relative importance of certain environmental issues, the degree of trust in the
institutions conducting the research, and not least the social standing of those affected by the issue. In
other words, environmental problems are in many ways socially constructed according to the prevailing
cultural, economic and political conditions within a society. It has been suggested, for example, that
contemporary ‘post-materialist’ Western societies pay greater attention to ‘quality’ – including
environmental quality – than ‘quantity’. This theory does not necessarily assume that people of low-
income countries have no interest in environmental protection, as the example of the Chipko movement
in India clearly demonstrates but demonstrates that the way a resource is valued varies widely among
different communities.
Finally, it cannot be denied that the ‘issue of the day’ changes constantly. One issue becomes more or
less urgent than another, based on current events. Concurrently, new issues enter the political agendA.
It has been noted that it often takes a ‘policy entrepreneur’, someone who dedicates time, energy and
financial resources to a certain issue, to raise its profile. Furthermore, whether an issue is taken up by
political, environmental or media groups, depends very much on the degree to which it suits their
particular agenda, not to mention budget.

66. With reference to paragraph 1, which of the following pieces of research would NOT be relevant
to this article?
A. the effect of climate change on weather patterns in Africa
B. whether or not low-level radiation increases the risk of cancer
C. how acid rain impacts species within a lake ecosystem
D. a comparison of the species present in two areas of woodland
67. What is the purpose of the example of ozone data given in paragraph 2?
A. to show that NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center used unreliable methods of gathering scientific data
B. to show how data gathering methods and the status of scientists may affect the way data is regarded
C. to prove that it is wrong to dismiss evidence which comes from a non-established source
D. to show how NASA and the British Antarctic Survey disagreed over the correct way to gather
ozone data.
68. Where in paragraph 2 does this sentence best fit?
This was because of the way their computers had been programmed to discard any readings which
appeared anomalous.
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D)
69. Paragraph 3 gives an example of a dispute over __________.
A. which country was most responsible for producing greenhouse gases
B. the pollution caused by multinational companies in India.
C. how statistics were interpreted and presented.
D. erroneous data which resulted from a poorly-funded experiment.
70. In paragraph 5, ‘this’ refers to __________.
A. the scientific method and its inherent problems.
B. the belief that scientists cannot reveal universal truths.
C. the variation in scientific results under different circumstances.
D. the list of factors which influence scientific research.
71. What is meant by this sentence?
‘Further, policy makers uphold this understanding by requesting scientific certainties in order to
legitimise their policy decisions’.
A. Politicians when seeking evidence for policy-making, do not understand the fact that scientists are
unable to act as ‘bearers of truth’.
B. Politicians consider the scientific research that supports their policies as more legitimate than other research.
C. Scientific institutions encourage politicians to use them for policy-making in order to improve their status.
D. Politicians, when seeking evidence for policy-making, encourage the belief that scientists can produce
incontestable facts.
72. Which sentence best sums up the ideas in paragraph 4?
A. Scientists are aware that their work cannot present incontrovertible facts.
B. If scientists were more consistent, they could create more reliable evidence.
C. Variations in how research is conducted often affect its validity.
D. Scientists spend more time documenting problems than conducting research.
73. Why are ‘transboundary issues such as water provision and pollution’ referred to in paragraph 5?
A. to illustrate situations in which politicians pretend that certain data does not exist
B. to illustrate situations in which incorrect information is given by scientific institutions keen to
maintain their status.
C. to illustrate situations in which politicians are selectiive with regards to what data they gather
D. to illustrate situations in which policy makers request scientists to present them with scientific
certainties, even though none exist.
74. What can be inferred about the Chipko movement?
A. It was an example of how people in low-income countries have little interest in environmental protection.
B. It was an example of how different people within a community valued a resource differently.
C. It was an example of how people in a low-income community showed interest in protecting the environment.
D. It was an example of how people in a low-income community valued quantity over quality.
75. Which of the following arguments is NOT presented in paragraph 7?
A. An issue only get political or media attention if someone with a high profile is supporting it.
B. Politicians are only interested in environmental issues if it benefits them.
C. Issues don’t get public attention unless a particular person advocates it strongly.
D. Issues may be overlooked if there are other significant events happening at the time.
Your answers:

66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

Part 3: Read the text and do the following tasks (13pts)

Researcher on the Tree Crown

A. The forest canopy – the term given to the aggregated crowns of trees in a forest – is thought to host
up to 40 per cent of all species, of which ten per cent could be unique to the forest roof. “We’re dealing
with the richest, least known, most threatened habitat on Earth,” says Andrew Mitchell, the executive
director of the Global Canopy Programme (GCP), a collection of groups undertaking research into this
lofty world. “The problem with our understanding of forests is that nearly all the information we have
has been gleaned from just two meters above the soil, and yet we’re dealing with trees that grow to
heights of 60 meters, or in the case of the tallest redwood 112 meters. It’s like doctors trying to treat
humans by only looking at their feet.”
B. Tropical rainforest comprises the richest of ecosystems, rivalled only by coral reel for its diversity and
complex interrelationships. And a great deal of that diversity lives up in the canopy – an estimated 70-
90 per cent of life in the rainforest exists in the trees; one in ten of all vascular plants are canopy dwellers,
and about 20-25 per cent of all invertebrates are thought to be unique to the canopy.
C. The first Briton to actually get into the canopy may have been Sir Francis Drake who, in 1573, gained his
first glimpse of the Pacific Ocean from a tall tree in Darien, Panama. However, the first serious effort to
reach and study the canopy didn’t begin until 1929. The Oxford University Expedition to British Guiana,
led by Major RWG Hingston, still ended up help of locals when it came to building an observation
platform. It was a successful expedition all the same, despite the colony’s acting governor getting stuck
high up on a winched seat during a visit. In terms of canopy access, the French have proved themselves
to be excellent innovators, taking things further with the development of ‘lighter-than-air platforms -
balloons and related equipment, to you and me. Francis Halle; from the Laboratoire de Botanique
Tropicale at Montpellier University took to a balloon in the mid-1980s in order to approach the canopy
from above. His work in French Guiana was inspired by the use in Gabon of a tethered helium balloon
by Marcel and Annette Hladick. Halle went one further by using a small purpose-built airship-a cigar-
shaped balloon with propellers to aid manoeuvrability. “We suddenly had a mobile system that could
move around the treetops; there were no other means of doing this,” says Mitchell.
D. From this, two balloon-dependent features have developed: the radeau or raft, and the luge or sledge.
The raft is a ‘floating’ platform, employed by French academics Dany Cleyet-Marrel and Laurent Pyot
and is essentially an island in the treetops. Made of kevlar mesh netting and edged with inflated neoprene
tubes, it rests on top of the canopy, allowing sampling (mostly of plants and insects) to take place at the
edges of the platform, and can stay in position for several days. The luge, on the other hand, is an inflated
hexagon similar to a traditional balloon basket but with a hole in the bottom covered with Kevlar mesh.
Such techniques aren’t without their problems, however, “balloons can cover larger areas, especially for
collection purposes, but they are extremely expensive- Jibe raft alone cost 122,000 [euro] (86,000
[pounds sterling]) in 2001], nut very effective because you can only reach the tops of the trees, and are
highly dependent on the weather,” says Dr Wilfried Morawetz, director of systematic botany at the
University of Leipzig. “Balloons can usually only be used in the early morning for two to four hours.
Last time, we could only fly three times during the whole week.” Given these factors, it comes as no
surprise that operations involving these balloons numbered just six between 1986 and 2001.
E. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. Smith had the idea of using a static crane to get
into the treetops. Un-tethered balloons may allow widely distributed sites to be sampled, but cranes
allow scientists to study an area of at least a hectare from soil to canopy throughout the year, year after
year. “Cranes beat any other access mode. They are cheap, reliable and fast. In two minutes I can reach
any point in our forest, which is essential for comparative measurements across species,” says Professor
Christian Korner of the University of Basel. Korner is using a static crane in a unique carbon dioxide-
enrichment experiment in Switzerland, in an attempt to discover how forests might respond to the global
increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (see Swiss canopy-crane carbon experiment, right). For reasons
of convenience, cranes are generally situated close to cities or a research center. Leipzig University has
a crane not far from the town, the Location allowing scientists to study the effect of city pollutants on
forests. In order to increase the amount of canopy a crane can access, some have been mounted on short
rail tracks. In “1995, Dr Wilfried Morawetz was the first to use this technique, installing a crane on 150
meters of track in the Venezuelan rainforest. “In my opinion, cranes should be the core of canopy
research in the future,” he says.
F. It appears that the rest of the scientific community has now come around to Mitchell’s way of
thinking. “I think most scientists thought him mad to consider such a complex field station at first,” says
internationally respected ‘canopist’ Meg Lowman, the executive director of the Marie Selby Botanical
Gardens. “However, we’ve all come to realize that a combination of methods, a long-term approach to
ecological studies and a collaborative approach are the absolute best ways to advance canopy science.
A permanent canopy field station would allow that to happen.” With A dedicated group of canopy
scientists working together and a wide range of tools available for them to get into the treetops, we’re
now finally on our way towards a true understanding of the least-known terrestrial habitat.

Questions 76-80: The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-F. Which paragraph contains
the following information? Write the correct letter A-F, in boxes 76-80

76 ______The Scientific significance for committing canopy study.

77 ______The first academic research attempt mentioned to getting the top canopy.
78 ______The overview idea of the forest canopy and the problem of understanding the forests.
79 ______Recognition for a long-term effect and cooperation.
80 ______An innovation accessing to treetop which proved to be an ultimate solution till now.

Questions 81-84: Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage
Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Scientists keep trying new methods to access to the canopy of the treetop. Though early attempt
succeeded in building an observation platform yet the help from the (81) ______was imperative; further
innovators made by the French who built a platform with equipment by using (82) ______. Later, the
‘floating’ platform of (83) ______is serving as an island in the treetops. Then finally, there came the
next major breakthrough in Panama. Scientists applied (84) ______to access to the treetops, which are
proved to be the center of canopy research in today and n the future.
Questions 85-88: Use the information in the passage to match the category (listed A-F) with
opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 85-88
NB You may use any letter more than once

A Sir Francis Drake

B Wilfried Morawetz
C Dany Cleyet-Marrel
D Francis Halle
E Christian Korner
F Alan Smith

85 ______ Scientist whose work was inspired by the method used by other researchers.
86 ______ Scientist who made a claim that a balloon could only be used in a limited frequency or time.
87 ______ Scientist who initiated a successful access mode which is cheap and stable.
88 ______Scientist who had committed canopy-crane experiment for a specific scientific project .

Your answers:

76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82.

83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88.

Part 4: In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. Read the following passage
and choose from paragraphs (A-H) the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph
which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
(7 pts)

THE SOCIAL MEDIA PRODUCT PLACEMENT JUGGERNAUT

Social media is the air that celebrities breathe. No other platform can keep them so relevant in the cut-
throat business of fame. But beyond satisfying their need to connect with the public, social media is also
helping to fill bank accounts. To maintain their fabulous lifestyles, celebrities can turn to social media
where the world of Instagram and Infuencer marketing awaits. And what lucrative world it is.
89. _____________
So what do we know about specific rates for social media posts? Mid-level reality TV stars can earn
anywhere from $1,000 to $20,000 for a brand sponsored Instagram post. This can go as high as $50,000
for a TV sitcom star. That’s a lot of money, but relatively low compared to the current crop of It-girl
models who can command up to $300,000 for a single Instagram post, or an A-list actor who can receive
up to $500,000.
90. ______________
Although celebrity endorsements have been around for as long as advertising itself, their foray into
social media is new territory. Traditional print and TV advertising is replete with famous faces pushing
products we doubt they use or consume, but there is an understanding that we accept the falsehood
because we know the game, we know they ve been paid. The pseudo-ads posted as selfies on Instagram
or Twitter, however, usually contain no clear indication that money has changed hands, despite the fact
that, in many cases, it’s legally required to do so.
91. _____________
Beginning enthusiastically with ‘OMG’, the original post was liked online by hundreds of thousands of
followers. There was no doubt that she had actually used the medication, as it had been prescribed by
her doctor. But had she included the mandatory information, it would have given the very distinct, and
true; impression that it was a promotion. Ever mindful of her public image, she was aware this may not
go down well with her followers. For her sins, she was forced to remove her gushing reviews from
Instagram, Twitter and Facebook, and repost with a huge risk disclaimer.
92. _____________
 Celebrities love social media because it helps them to build some semblance of authenticity and social
intimacy with fans. First they create an image of openness and honesty with their online followers and
then they exploit it in their sponsored posts. One star, for example, recently confided that her ‘secret’ to
staying trim was a certain weight loss tea. A photo of her looking slim and healthy, holding a cup of the
miraculous fat-melting intusion was there for all to see. No mention was made of frequent, gruelling
sessions with a well-paid personal trainer. A clearly sponsored post- though honest – would have
dismantled her credibility.
93. _____________
As advertising professionals will tell you, that is exactly the goal of any ad – to sell an idea or a desirable
lifestyles, and it doesn’t even have to be true or attainable. The personality vouching for the product
isn’t even required to actually use it. All that needs to happen is for consumers to want some glamour
and coolness to rub off on them. That is how advertising works. But this sneaky new form of celebrity
endorsement, with its camouflaged product promotions requires consumers to completely suspend belief
in order to place their trust in someone with an agenda
94._____________
As such, the language has to be just right, peppered with the kinds of casual terms friends use with each
other. Celebrities ‘swear by’ a new skincare product, are ‘in love with’ a new coconut water, ‘can’t live
without’ a new protein shake. The more cynical among us might question the true author of these snappy
captions – is it the paid influencer or has the brand’s marketing department come up with the text and
tailored it to the target audience? Because the audience is what it’s all about. Keeping it is important,
but first it has to be founa.
95._____________
So far, it’s been a very successful strategy, and as long as a supply of famous faces are willing to accept
cash for comments, the use of social media as a unique advertising tool won’t be going away any time
soon.
Missing Paragraphs

A. For that kind of money, celebrities are happy to plug a product hard. Juice cleanses, meal replacement
regimes, weight-loss teas, waist shapers, teeth whitening kits – they comprise a range of categories
that are perfectly suited to the highly narcissistic nature of the medium that is social media, requiring
nothing more than a love of selfies and a complete lack of shame. The questionable efficacy of the
products is no deterrent to the blatant money-grab.
B. Advertising is powerful and its manipulation runs deep when consumers are gullible to such marketing
ploys. The endorsements – casually slipped in between a candid photo with a beloved pet and a carefree
snáp with a close friend, for example – make unwitting followers feel that this product is simply a part
of the celebrity’s daily life, and that they should make it a part of theirs too. They want it, and at that
point, they’re hooked.
C. Advertisers have a major responsibility to inform celebrities, bloggers and anyone else they’re paying
to push a product that appropriate disclosures need to be made. Advertising should be identifiable as
advertising so that consumers know when they’re hearing a marketing pitch versus an independent
viewpoint.
D. Disclosure with regards to medication is one of these instances. An American celebrity got into hot
water with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for promoting a medication without providing
information about possible side effects. The FDA, which is responsible for protecting public health
through the regulation and supervision of a range of products including dietary supplements,
prescription and over-the-counter medications, took a very dim view of this.
E. The beauty of influencer marketing for brands is that they don’t have to build their target audience from
scratch – something which is costly and time-consuming as it involves extensive market research.
Social media influencers already have a devoted fan following, so half the job has already been done.
Once the influencer has been chosen, it is just a matter of getting the followers to support the brand,
talk about it themselves to others, and buy the products.
F. Make no mistake – they are raking it in. Even those who are no longer as famous as they once were can
be offered tantaiising amounts by companies to promote products on the main personal social media
 platforms – Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. The uber-famous with the largest followings are making
money hand over fist, and the amounts are staggering.
G. But what makes people susceptible to such influence? When asked, consumers said they trusted
celebrities over brands. The problem with branded marketing content is that it is biased; influencer
marketing, on the other hand, does not come across as an overt marketing attempt. Instead, it looks like
a recommendation from a trusted friend.
H. Besides failing to list the dow the fact that she was paid to make tr payment to promote a product on
their pdes railing to list the downsides of the product, the celebrity fell foul of the law by not being
explicit about that she was paid to make the post. There are rules about this sort of thing, too. Celebrities
receiving to promote a product on their platforms are required to tag the post #ad or #sponsored –
something a monetary transaction has taken place in return for their endorsement. So what’s preventing
them from adding those few letters?

Your answers:

89. 90. 91. 92.

93. 94. 95.

Part 5: You are going to read a magazine article in which five career consultants give advice
about starting a career. For questions 1 – 10, choose from the consultants (A – E). The
consultants may be chosen more than once. C1 Advanced Handbook for teachers

Starting out on your career Are you a graduate trying to plan out the best career path for yourself?
We've asked five career consultants to give some tips on how to go about it.
Consultant A
A university degree is no guarantee of a job, and job hunting in itself requires a whole set of skills. If
you find you are not getting past the first interview, ask yourself what is happening. Is it a failure to
communicate or are there some skills you lack? Once you see patterns emerging it will help you decide
whether the gaps you have identified can be filled relatively easily. If you cannot work out what the
mismatch is, get back to the selection panel with more probing questions, and find out what you need to
do to bring yourself up to the level of qualification that would make you more attractive to them: but be
careful to make this sound like a genuine request rather than a challenge or complaint.
Consultant B
Do not be too dispirited if you are turned down for a job but think about the reasons the employers give.
They often say it is because others are 'better qualified', but they use the term loosely. Those who made
the second interview might have been studying the same subject as you and be of similar ability level,
but they had something which made them a closer match to the selector's ideal. That could be experience
gained through projects or vacation work, or it might be that they were better at communicating what
they could offer. Do not take the comments at face value: think back to the interviews that generated
them and make a list of where you think the shortfall in your performance lies. With this sort of analytical
approach, you will eventually get your foot in the door.
Consultant C
Deciding how long you should stay in your first job is a tough call. Stay too long and future employers
may question your drive and ambition. Of course, it depends where you are aiming. There can be
advantages in moving sideways rather than up, if you want to gain real depth of knowledge. If you are
a graduate, spending five or six years in the same job is not too long provided that you take full advantage
of the experience. However, do not use this as an excuse for apathy. Graduates sometimes fail to take
ownership of their carcers and take the initiative. It is up to you to make the most of what's available
within a company, and to monitor your progress in case you need to move on. This applies particularly
if you are still not sure where your career path lies.
Consultant D
It is helpful to think through what kind of experience you need to get your dream job and it is not a
problem to move around to a certain extent. But in the early stages of your career, you need a definite
strategy for reaching your goal, so think about that carefully before deciding to move on from your first
job. You must cultivate patience to master any role. There is no guarantee that you will get adequate
training, and research has shown that if you do not receive proper help in a new role, it can take 18
months to master it.
Consultant E
A prospective employer does not want to that you have changed jobs every six months with no thread
running between them. You need to be able to demonstrate the quality of your experience to a future
employer, and too many moves too quickly can be a bad thing. In any company it takes three to six
months for a new employee to get up to speed with the structure and the culture of the company. From
the company's perspective, they will not receive any retum on the investment in your salary until you
have been there for 18 months. This is when they begin to get most value from you – you are still fired
up and enthusiastic. If you leave after six months, it has not been a good investment – and may make
other employers wary.

Which consultant makes the following statements?

96. Keep your final objective in mind when you are planning to change jobs.
97. It takes time to become familiar with the characteristics of a company you have joined.
98. You should demonstrate determination to improve your job prospects.
99. Make sure your approach for information is positive in tone.
100. It is not certain that you will be given very much support in your job initially.
101. Stay optimistic in spite of setbacks.
102. Promotion isn’t the only way to increase your expertise.
103. Ask for information about your shortcomings.
104. Some information you are given may not give a complete picture.
105. It will be some time before you start giving your employers their money’s worth.
Your answers:

96. 97. 98. 99. 100.

101. 102. 103. 104. 105.

SECTION IV. WRITING (60 points)

Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be
about 140 words. You MUST NOT copy the original. (15 pts)

According to a report by Asiaweek, on-the-job injuries are no longer confined strictly to blue-collar
workers. The modern-day office has become a danger zone and computers are largely to be blamed.
Their increased use points to an increase in sick leave and doctors' visits. The new group of patients
includes writers, secretaries and data-entry clerks. Anyone who spends hours at a keyboard can be at
risk.
The most frequent complaints are wrist, hand and neck pain. These are typical signs of repetitive strain
injuries. Another related condition is called carpal tunnel syndrome caused by pressure on the median
nerve in the wrist. It results from repeated movements such as typing or using the mouse over a long
period of time. Before computers came along, typists would stop to make corrections or change paper.
These movements provided some relief. Now, typists rarely move from their computer, hitting as much
as 21,600 words an hour. In severe cases, the pain shoots up a victim's arm. Some also develop neck and
shoulder problems from holding their head in uncomfortable positions.
Computer users may also complain of eye strain, headaches, double vision and other eye problems
caused by improper use of display screens. It may be a result of staring at the screen for too long. It
could also be due to improper lighting and screen glare.
The best way to cope with such problems is to adopt healthier work habits. This means that the workers
have to hold their wrists flat when they use the keyboard. They should also tap on the keys softly and
take frequent breaks. Their feet should also be flat on the floor and their heads and backs straight. Some
may be required to change their typing technique. In severe cases, taking a rest and some anti-
inflammatory medication may be necessary.
There are also ergonomic hardware and software that blends well with a person's body or actions. Some
examples of such ergonomic hardware are tilting display screens, detachable keyboards and specially
designed keyboards that are suitable for the wrists.
Employers and managers should help employees create a comfortable working environment to reduce
the side effects of working on the computer.
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Part 2: CHART DESCRIPTION (15 pts)

The pie charts below show the most common advantages and disadvantages of Fairmont Island,
according to a survey of visitors.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
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Part 3: ESSAY WRITING (30 pts)

In the process of educational renovation, some people believe that unpaid community work (for
example, working for a charity, teaching sports to children) should be a compulsory part of high school
curriculums. To what extend, do you agree or disagree?
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