SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN HỌC SINH GIỎI

TỈNH BÀ RỊA- VŨNG TÀU LỚP 12 THPT- NĂM HỌC 2023-2024

ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH

Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút
Ngày thi: 26-9-2023

Lưu ý: Đề thi gồm 18 trang; thí sinh làm bài vào đề thi.

Tổng điểm: GIÁM KHẢO 1 GIÁM KHẢO 2 SỐ PHÁCH

(Ký, ghi rõ họ và tên) (Ký, ghi rõ họ và tên)

Bằng chữ:

I. Listening II. Lexico- III. Reading IV. Writing

Grammar
Part Part Part Part 1 Part 2 Part Part Part Part Part Part Part Part
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 1 2 3

I. LISTENING (5 points)
Part 1. For questions 1-6, listen to part of a radio arts programme, in which two
people, Arthur and Carla, are discussing a book called Windworld and decide whether
the statements are True (T) or False (F) according to what you hear. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided (1.5 pts)
1. Both agree that the portrayal of key individuals in the story is not confidently handled.
2. Authur thinks that the historical information fits the period in which the novel is set.
3. To Carla, the inclusion of too many scientific facts undermines the story.
4. According to Carla, Windworld is aimed at a different audience to that of Swallow’s other books.
5. There is an agreement between Authur and Carla that the story benefits from the inclusion of
autobiographical elements.
6. Carla believes that a film version of this novel should only focus on personal elements.
Your answers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Part 2. For questions 7-15, you will listen to an interview about HIV. Write NO MORE
THAN TWO WORDS taken from the recording for each answer (2.25 pts).
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The patient has not been affected by HIV over a course of 18 months without taking any (7)
____________.
There are a host of similarities between the London patient and the (8) ____________ patient,
who was treated around 10 years ago.
The London patient underwent both pretty rigorous (9) ____________ and a stem cell transplant
as part of the treatment.
It is the (10) ____________ that has taken hold in the London patient, thereby his HIV (11)
____________.
Doctors are cautious about giving this procedure the name “a (12) ____________” .
There’s a demand that doctors pinpoint the reason why this (13) ____________ transplant has
the effect in some cases whereas not in others.
The Berlin patient was being treated actually for a very aggressive (14) ____________ .
The adjectives used to describe the treatments for the London patient were “advanced”, “rigorous”
and (15) “____________”.
Part 3. For questions 16-20, you will hear a radio interview with Olivia Glydon and Ron
Partridge, who are hyperpolyglots, people who can speak many languages. Choose the
correct answer A, B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided (1.25pts).
16. Olivia and Ron both say that their motivation for learning so many languages is
A. the possibility of communicating with people around the world.
B. their fascination with language systems.
C. their ability to master languages extremely quickly.
D. the challenge of achieving native speaker fluency.
17. What did Ron learn about hyperpolyglots when he was researching his book?
A. They do not have any special genetic features.
B. They usually have a history of multi-lingualism in the family.
C. They are part of a relatively recent phenomenon.
D. They usually focus on the same group of languages.
18. When discussing reactions to their hyperpolyglotism, Ron agrees with Olivia that
A. people often make the wrong assumptions about their personalities.
B. it is surprising how much attention they attract.
C. people cannot see the point of learning so many languages.
D. it is touching how eager people are to help them.
19. How does Olivia feel about spending so much time on the internet?
A. proud of the intensity with which she studies
B. defensive about the choices she makes
C. worried that she is becoming isolated from her friends
D. embarrassed about her enjoyment of soap operas and chat shows
20. What point does Ron make about one East Asian language?
A. He finds it particularly appropriate in one situation.
B. He hopes to keep it alive for posterity.
C. It has not kept up with modern developments.
D. It has a special religious significance among its speakers.
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Your answers:

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (2 points)

Part 1. For questions 21-35, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the
following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided (1.5pts).
21. In the middle of his eloquent ________ , the audience suddenly broke into applause.
A. provocation B. oration C. illusion D. ovation
22. Nick’s mom has turned her home into a halfway house for _________ relatives and stray dogs.
A. tumble-down B. down-and-out C. run-down D. downcast
23. Those naughty boys went on making terrible noise in the park even though they had been
________ by the annoyed constable.
A. beavered away B. weaseled out of C. ticked off D. clammed up
24. The collapse of the company will have ____________ for the whole industry.
A. enigmas B. repercussions C. propensities D. affinities
25. She had the _________ habit of saying exactly what she thought.
A. disembodied B. disconcerting C. dismissive D. discordant
26. The graduates of this medical school are considered to be _______ in cardiology.
A. the icing on the cake B. the big cheese
C. the cream of the crop D. the captain of industry
27. The eyewitness said that she had seen a man ________ around outside the factory just before
the fire started.
A. prowling B. lumbering C. languishing D. rummaging
28. Among bees ________ a highly elaborate form of communication.
A. do occur B. occurs C. it occurs D. they occur
29. I am just speaking ________ here – I haven’t seen the results yet.
A. beyond the pale B. in deep water C. off the cuff D.
on the hop
30. It was a difficult concept to grasp, but I soon ________.
A. latched onto B. chalked up C. churned out D. leafed through
31. I am __________ aware of the difficulties we face.
A. acutely B. gregariously C. woefully D. garrulously
32. This insect is completely _______, I have never seen anything like that before.
A. out of the way B. out of sight C. off the way D. off the track
33. Did you see Jonathan this morning? He looked like ________ . It must have been quite a party
last night.
A. a wet blanket B. a dead duck
C. death warmed up D. a bear with a sore head
34. When will you realise that it was your self-righteous and ________ attitude that prevented you
from learning better ideas from other people?
A. vociferous B. impeccable C. intact D. bigoted

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35. The Government is trying to _________ when it says it will spend more on the health service
without raising taxes.
A. chew the fat B. wave the flag C. square the circle D. put the lid
Part 2. For questions 36-40, write the correct form of each bracketed word in each
sentence in the numbered space provided in the column on the right (0.5pt).
Your answers:

36. Steroids often help reduce the ______ (FLAME) and itching in 36. _______________
the skin.

37. There is a strong smell of ______ (INFECT) in the hospital. 37. _______________

38. His last book is a bold, at times _________(REAL) mixture of 38. _______________
of fact and fancy.

39. The winners gave themselves a ______ (CONGRATULATE) 39. _______________

round of applause.

40. He is such a ______ (STRONG) person. He is determined to do 40. _______________

things his own way and refuses to listen to advice.

III. READING (5 points)

Part 1. For questions 41-50, read the passage and fill in each of the following
numbered blanks with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided (1pt).
ART HISTORY
People who enjoy paintings are sometimes (41) ________ to analyse them for fear of spoiling the
richness and spontaneity of their experience. It has been suggested that some of the work done
by art historians, whose concern is (42) ________ theory rather than practice, ignores and indeed
denies the aesthetic experience, the fundamental pleasure of looking, as well as the very special
act of artistic creativity. This view is a bit like the notion that knowing the (43) ________ of the
recipe, recognising the method of cooking and seeing the utensils (44) ________ detracts from
the taste of the dish.
Acknowledging the importance of enjoying something does not, of course, preclude a thorough
knowledge of the object that is arousing pleasure. It might in fact be more pleasurable if we know
more about the object we are viewing. (45) ________, pleasure is not a simple matter. The
arousal of our senses – and how we recognize and register it – is itself (46) ________ to
interrogation. It is also historically located. Why we like particular characteristics of certain sorts of
objects at any one time is not simply the (47) ________ of our genes or our own particular
personalities but is determined by values promoted within the society of which we are a part. So,
while no one seeks to underestimate the importance of sensuous and instinctive (48) ________
to art objects, the notion that the sensuous is undermined by the intellectual is a (49) ________
from a period in the past which promoted art as a(n) (50) ________ to thought.
Your answers:

41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

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Part 2. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow (1.3pts).
For questions 51-54, read the passage and choose the correct letter A, B or C. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
THE MAGNETIC ATTRACTION OF PHYSICS
It’s amazing what you can do with a few paperclips and margarine tubs, says Richard
West, head of science and physics at St Peter’s school in Wolver Hampton. A group of his students
has been taking part in the annual “paperclip challenge” at Leicester University, part of the
school’s attempts to get pupils interested in physics. These extend to an after-school animal club
for year 7s, with a posse of rats, rabbits and geckos to look after. Efforts to “sell physics very
hard” to the younger pupils has paid off, and this year the school has a record forty students
studying A-level physics, and helping to make the science results the best of any subject in the
school. “Success breeds success,” West explains. “We’d like more girls doing physics, but we are
proud of what we are achieving. Physics is successful in this school, first and foremost because of
the people who teach it.” And the animal club?” It makes the pupils love science, so they go on to
love physics.” What this school is doing goes against the national trend, where the take-up of
physics – at school and university level – has been in free-fall for the past two decades. It has
become a big concern to the scientific and business communities, and to education ministers. Even
given the likelihood of extra funding and new initiatives to boost the take-up of science in
tomorrow’s budget, the reality is that physics is seen by many teenagers as too difficult. There is a
widening gender gap, and attempts to encourage more girls to study physics have stalled.
Two reports funded by the Gatsby charitable foundation and carried out by the Centre for
Education and Employment (CEE) have analysed the trend. They have noted that, amid the
general drift downwards, there are schools where the numbers taking physics are holding up at
twice the national average. Most are grammar and independent schools, which select their intakes
and can attract high-quality teachers. However, there are a sizeable number of comprehensive
schools enjoying a healthy take-up. Today the Buckingham University-based CEE publishes its
third study, Bucking the Trend, reporting on visits to such state schools, to discover what they are
doing right, and what other schools can learn from them. The report, by Professor Alan Smithers
and Dr Pamela Robinson, has a practical aim: to suggest what might be done to reverse the swing
away from physics in schools. The new study contrasts with the first two, both of which made
gloomy reading. The first carried the results of a survey which indicated that physics – through
redefinition and teacher shortages – was in danger of dis-appearing as an identifiable subject from
much of the state sector. The second showed that A-level physics entries have halved since 1982.
This has impacted on universities: more than a quarter of them have stopped teaching physics
since 1994. With fewer students studying physics at university, the pool of prospective teachers is
also shrinking. For the new report, Smithers and Robinson visited fourteen comprehensives with
the highest proportions of A-level physics students in the earlier national survey (including the two
mentioned above), and three at the bottom. In “high-physics” schools, they found physics being
taught as a recognisable subject from year 9 onwards, by expert and enthusiastic teachers. For
this to happen successfully, they say, a number of things have to come together: a desire to do it,
good leadership, a core of well-qualified teachers, a focused and fun curriculum, good results, and

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a critical mass of able pupils. The head of science at a “low-physics” school that has recently
achieved science specialist status told the researchers: “At the moment there is precious little
specialist physics at key stage three, which leaves year 10 with the mind-set that they can’t do
physics.
When a physicist says to a student “you are good at this”, the student will believe it. They
have confidence in our comments, when they might not have if they were coming from a non-
specialist”. For the decline in physics to be reversed, it has to be important to the schools, the
authors of the report say. The top physics school in the study (which is not identified) had turned
itself around by appointing a determined head of physics, who restructured the curriculum and
brought together a strong team of staff. In contrast, a school with hardly any pupils doing A-level
physics prided itself on its performing arts; pupils were frequently taken out of science lessons for
drama and music rehearsals. The report warns that, because there are not enough good physics
teachers to go around, some schools may be teaching science, rather than physics as a separate
subject, simply because they are unable to recruit specialist staff. “It is a chicken-and-egg
situation,” says Smithers. “The physicists teaching tend to gravitate to schools where they can
teach their subject, rather than the sciences generally. If a school declares itself for physics, and
offers specialist teaching, it will find it more possible to attract high-quality physics teachers. For
there to be a major revival of school physics, teacher shortage must be addressed. Not only is it
difficult to recruit physics graduates to teaching, it is hard to retain them.” Robinson adds: “One
reason is that they sometimes find themselves the only physicist in a school straight after training,
and all the responsibilities are heaped on their shoulders before they are ready. Improving
retention would do much to reduce the shortage of physics teachers”. Several of the successful
schools suggested that they could play a part in smoothing the entry of the newly qualified into
teaching. “We’d love to provide a specialist training centre for the newly qualified,” says West. The
report recommends a feasibility study leading, in the event of a favourable outcome, to the
funding of a pilot scheme along these lines.
51. Teachers at St. Peter’s school have failed to
A. help students to achieve better results in physics.
B. persuade students to enjoy physics more than biology.
C. persuade as many girls as they would like to study physics.
52. Not enough students are studying physics because
A. there is not enough money to fund courses.
B. it is perceived as too difficult.
C. people do not see the value of studying it.
53. The third CEE report
A. says that more schools are teaching physics well.
B. says that it is inevitable that the teaching of physics will decline further.
C. focuses on how the teaching of physics can be widened and improved.
54. Physics teachers tend to go to schools where they
A. are paid more money.
B. can teach physics rather than science.
C. can work alone.
Your answers:

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51. 52. 53. 54.

For questions 55-59, read the following sentences and fill in each blank with NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS taken from the passage. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
55. Students at St. Peter’s school take care of ________ rats, rabbits, geckos _______ .
56. There is a ________ widening gender gap _______ even though there have been attempts to
get more girls to study physics.
57. The number of ________prospective teachers_______ is decreasing because fewer people are
studying physics at university.
58. The latest CEE report looked at ________fourteen_______ “high physics” schools.
59. The CEE report suggests that a _________ feasibility study leading ______ be done to see if it
is worth funding a programme to give specialist training to newly qualified physics teachers.
Your answers:

55. 56. 57. 58. 59.

For questions 60-63, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F),
or Not Given (NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.
60. The paperclip challenge is designed to see how creative physics students can be with
paperclips. ng
61. Grammar and independent schools can choose their students. T
62. A-level physics entries have gone down every year since 1982. ng
63. Keeping physics teachers at many schools is also a problem. T
Your answers:

60. 61. 62. 63.

Part 3. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 64-
70, read the passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap.
There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (0.7 pt)
SOCIAL CHANGE DOWN IN BLACK AND WHITE
We are increasingly being led to believe that advances in communications technology have
brought us to the threshold of the paperless society, one in which the book may be seen as a
museum piece. However, for many of us, our progress down this path may involve much dragging
of heels.

64. c

As soon as people discovered the secrets of paper-making, the communication of ideas and values
really took off in an unprecedented way. Scientific theories could be explained to a wider
audience, knowledge could be more readily accumulated by scholars, and literature, which had
relied on oral tradition, gained a new lease of life in an ever-expanding role.
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65. g

Within a thousand years, China well outstripped Europe in wealth. This was not only achieved
through paper-making, but also by virtue of other Chinese scientific achievements like gunpowder
and developments in astronomy and navigation, which helped the Chinese become the leading military
and trading power.

66. e

Such was the importance of paper to the wealth and power of the Chinese emperors that they
were determined to keep the process of paper-making a closely-guarded secret. But, as with other
profitable knowledge, it was just a matter of time before the secret became known, and other
countries were then empowered to flourish through the spread of knowledge and ideas that paper
could facilitate.

67. a

The principles of printing had, in fact, been known in China for several hundred years before the
European ‘invention’ of printing. The Chinese had been working with clay, but found that this wore
down, so printers constantly had to make new type. From there, they went on to wooden type. In
fact, they did proceed to metal type, but were at a disadvantage, due to the c omplexity of their
language, which required many different types for the characters.

68. d

It did not take long for this invention to catch on as the modern means to spread knowledge and
ideas. By the end of the fifteenth century there were sixty paper mills in Germany to satisfy the
demands of the printing presses and printing had been introduced to other European countries.

69. f

As a result, books and knowledge were more accessible to the less well-off and, accordingly, the
importance of literacy was more widely recognised. This became the impetus for a virtuous cycle:
with the availability of cheaper books, education and literacy grew, and with the increase in the
literate population there was a further rise in the demand for books.

70. b

None of the social or intellectual revolutions of the past few hundred years would have taken place
with such rapid success had it not been for paper. Likewise, paper and cheap printed material are
responsible for the increasing growth of education and the ascendancy of democratic principles. It
is therefore no exaggeration to state that paper has played a major role in shaping the modern
world.
Missing paragraphs:
A. No sooner did this cultural advantage find its way into western hands than its exploitation
began to be realised. The first paper mill in Germany was set up towards the end of the
fourteenth century, and it didn’t take long for the church to appreciate the potential role of
paper in the expansion of its activities and teaching. From producing paper, it didn’t take long

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 for Europeans to make the next great leap that would open the floodgates to advances in
civilisation.
B. The next consequence was the use of paper and printing to fuel revolution and social upheaval.
The availability of cheap printing technology enabled the Protestant Reformation to take off,
with the publication of hundreds of thousands of copies of Martin Luther’s writings. Recognising
the power of the printed word, the Catholic church resorted to desperate retaliatory action by
attacking booksellers and destroying works that they did not approve of.
C. This should come as no surprise. After all, we have had over a thousand years to form a strong
emotional attachment to paper, which has, along with writing and printing, comprised the basis
for the development and progress of society.
D. It was not long afterwards that William Caxton, an English merchant, retired from his business
and went to Germany to learn about printing. He took part in producing the first book to be
printed in English, which was printed on a Flemish press, and he went on, in 1477, to publish
the first book printed in England.
E. However, such inventions and discoveries cannot, in themselves, account for the phenomenal
growth of Chinese power and influence. Credit for this progress must go to those tools at the
disposal of the Chinese which enabled them to exploit their discoveries and build on them:
writing paper and another Chinese invention, block printing.
F. The massive surge in the production of books which followed as a result of the change from
writing books by hand to printing them enabled Europe to overtake China as the most advanced
civilisation. Knowledge which has previously been in the hands of the church, rulers and a
handful of scholars soon became more widely available.
G. At the forefront of this great step towards civilisation were the Chinese. Around 105 AD, they
invented paper and, from the time of that crucial achievement, their civilisation developed in
leaps and bounds. With the secret of paper-making in their hands, the Chinese soon had the
most advanced civilisation and China enjoyed hundreds of years of prosperity.
H. This lost knowledge was not only rediscovered when Johannes Gutenberg invented the type
mould in the middle of the fifteenth century, but vastly improved upon. His press used metal
type, and was not only a revolutionary invention, but was also one of the earliest precision
instruments. The letters were of a uniform shape and size and could be locked together in neat,
even lines of text. It was a fairly straightforward matter to set up and print a few pages then
rearrange the type and use it again for other pages.
Part 4. For questions 71-80, read the following passage and choose the correct answer
A, B, C or D which fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided (1pt).
Anthropology distinguishes itself from the other social sciences by its greater emphasis on
fieldwork as the source of new knowledge. The aim of such studies is to develop as intimate an
understanding as possible of the phenomena investigated. Although the length of field studies
varies from a few weeks to years, it is generally agreed that anthropologists should stay in the
field long enough for their presence to be considered ‘natural’ by the permanent residents.
Realistically, however, anthropologists may never reach this status. Their foreign
mannerisms make them appear clownish, and so they are treated with curiosity and amusement.
If they speak the local language at all, they do so with a strange accent and flawed grammar.
They ask tactless questions and inadvertently break rules regarding how things are usually done.
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Arguably this could be an interesting starting point for research, though it is rarely exploited.
Otherwise, anthropologists take on the role of the ‘superior expert’, in which case they are treated
with deference and respect, only coming into contact with the most high-ranking members of the
society. Anthropologists with this role may never witness the gamut of practices which take place
in all levels of the society.
No matter which role one takes on, anthropologists generally find fieldwork extremely
demanding. Anthropological texts may read like an exciting journey of exploration, but rarely is
this so. Long periods of time spent in the field are generally characterised by boredom, illness and
frustration. Anthropologists in the field encounter unfamiliar climates, strange food and low
standards of hygiene. It is often particularly trying for researchers with middle-class, European
backgrounds to adapt to societies where being alone is considered pitiful. It takes a dedicated
individual to conduct research which is not in some way influenced by these personal discomforts.
Nonetheless, fieldwork requires the researcher to spend as much time as possible in local
life. A range of research methodologies can be utilised to extract information. (1) These can be
classified as emic or etic. (2) While emic descriptions are considered more desirable nowadays,
they are difficult to attain, even if the researcher does his utmost to reproduce the facts from the
natives’ point of view. (3) More often than not, aspects of the researcher’s own culture,
perspective and literary style seep into the narrative. Moreover, research generally involves
translations from one language to another and from speech into writing. In doing this, the
meaning of utterances is changed. (4) The only truly emic descriptions can be those given by the
natives themselves in their own vernacular.
The least invasive type of research methodology is observation. Here, the researcher
studies the group and records findings without intruding too much on their privacy. This is not to
say, however, that the presence of the researcher will have minimal impact on the findings. An
example was Richard Borshay Lee, who, in studying local groups in the Kalahari refused to provide
the people with food so as not to taint his research, leading to an inevitable hostility towards the
researcher which would not otherwise have been present.
A variant on the observation technique, participant observation requires that the
anthropologist not only observes the culture, but participates in it too. It allows for deeper
immersion into the culture studied, hence a deeper understanding of it. By developing a deeper
rapport with the people of the culture, it is hoped they will open up and divulge more about their
culture and way of life than can simply be observed. Participant observation is still an imperfect
methodology, however, since populations may adjust their behavior around the researcher,
knowing that they are the subject of research.
The participatory approach was conceived in an attempt to produce as emic a perspective
as possible. The process involves not just the gathering of information from local people, but
involves them in the interpretation of the findings. That is, rather than the researcher getting
actively involved in the processes within the local community, the process is turned on its head.
The local community is actively involved in the research process.
71. The main premise of the text is
A. the steps to be followed when undertaking anthropological fieldwork.
B. a history of anthropological fieldwork methodology.
C. the effects that an anthropological fieldwork has on local communities.
D. the problems with conducting anthropological fieldwork.
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72. The main reason for anthropological researchers remaining in a community for an extended
period of time is that
A. they can gather as much information as possible.
B. they can try out a range of different research methodologies.
C. they want local people to behave naturally around them.
D. they need time to become accustomed to the conditions.
73. What does the passage say about researchers who are considered a ‘clown’ by locals?
A. They do culturally unacceptable things without realising it.
B. They do not gain respect among high-ranking members of the community.
C. They cannot conduct any research of value.
D. They do not study the language and culture of the region before their arrival.
74. What does ‘gamut’ mean?
A. idea or impression B. prohibition or taboo
C. range or extent D. secret or mystery
75. The writer believes that the most difficult aspect of fieldwork for educated westerners is
A. the lack of companionship. B. poor sanitary conditions.
C. failure to meet expectations. D. never being left alone.
76. In paragraph 3, it is implied that
A. the fieldworker’s emotions and mood prejudice the research.
B. the longer a researcher spends in the field, the more depressed he gets.
C. middle-class Europeans find field research more difficult than researchers from other
backgrounds.
D. anthropological texts tend to exaggerate the difficult conditions that researchers
experience.
77. Where in paragraph 4 does this sentence belong?
A native’s point of view of his own lifestyle is emic, while the analytical perspective of
the outsider is etic.
A. (1) B. (2) C. (3) D. (4)
78. Why is the example of Richard Borshay Lee given in paragraph 5?
A. to demonstrate that observation is an ineffective method of gathering data.
B. to highlight why it is important that researchers minimize their impact on a community.
C. to show the dangers of researchers trying to lessen their impact on a community.
D. to show how a researcher’s choice of methodology can influence the validity of his
findings.
79. How does participant observation differ from straightforward observation?
A. It requires the researcher to become actively involved in the daily lives of those
being studied.
B. It allows the subjects of the research a greater degree of privacy.
C. It eradicates the problem of research subjects altering their behaviour towards
researchers.
D. It takes longer to perform this type of research effectively.
80. Which of the following is NOT true of the participatory approach?
A. It attempts to reduce etic accounts of a culture to a minimum.
B. It does not require a researcher to be present.
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 C. It aims to involve the subjects in both information gathering and analysis.
D. It is the reverse of the participant observation technique.
Your answers:

71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

Part 5. You are going to read a text about technology and travel. For questions 81-90,
choose the best answer from sections A-E. Some of the choices may be required more
than once. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided (1pt).

HAS TECHNOLOGY ROBBED TRAVEL OF ITS RICHES?

We asked five experts.

A. Jan Morris
I began travelling professionally just after the Second World War, and I travelled mostly in Europe,
where famous old cities lay ravaged. Travelling in this disordered region was not easy. Currencies
were hard to come by, visas were necessary almost everywhere, food was often scarce, trams
were grimy and unreliable and air travel was reserved largely for privileged officialdom. I'm sorry
to have to say it, because those times were cruel indeed for many Europeans, but I greatly
enjoyed my traveling then. The comfort and safety of modern transport means that while travel is
a lot less fraught than it used to be, it has lost some of its allure for me. Partly, I am almost
ashamed to admit, this is because everybody else does it too! Travelling abroad is nothing
unusual, and even if we haven't actually been to the forests of Borneo or the Amazon jungle, most
of us have experienced them via television or the internet.
B. Pico Iyer
The world is just as interesting — as unexpected, as unvisited, as diverse — as it ever was, even
though the nature of its sights and our experience of them have sometimes changed. I once spent
two weeks living in and around Los Angeles airport — that hub of modern travel — and, although
it wasn't a peaceful holiday, it offered as curious and rich a glimpse into a new era of crossing
cultures as I could imagine. Places are like people for me and, as with people, the wise, rich,
deeply rooted places never seem to change too much, even though they might lose some hair or
develop wrinkles... Though the tides of history keep washing against a Havana or a Beirut, for
instance, their natural spiritedness or resilience or sense of style never seems greatly diminished.
My motto as a traveller has always been that old chestnut from the writings of Marcel Proust: 'The
real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new sights, but in seeing with new eyes'.
C. Benedict Allen
Now, the world is open to us all. Grab your camera or smartphone and hike! So these couldn't be
better times for the average person — we may all share in the privilege. Is it exploration? Well, if
it's not advancing knowledge, no. Those who today flock to the Poles are not explorers, they are
simply athletes. Yet, exploration isn't entirely about assembling proven fact. Dr David Livingstone
made many discoveries in Africa but his biggest role was actually as communicator, giving
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nineteenth-century Europeans a picture of the continent. Take Ed Stafford's recent walk along the
length of the Amazon. Not a greatly significant journey in itself, with two-thousand miles of it
along what is essentially a shipping lane. Yet the journey was saved from irrelevance and self-
indulgence because along the way he documented the Amazon for his time, which is our time.
D. Vicky Baker
Personally, I relish the fact that we can forge new contacts all around the world at the click of a
button and a quick email can result in the type of welcome usually reserved for a long lost friend. I
also relish the fact that we're less likely to lose touch with those whose paths we cross on the road
and that we get to explore places we wouldn't have stumbled across had we left it all to chance.
Does all this detract from the experience? I hardly think so. There's nothing to stop you following
a random tip you saw on an obscure blog and ending up who knows where. Sure, it's a far cry
from what came before, but one day these will be the current generation's 'good old days'. And if
you have the time and the money to go off into the back of beyond without so much as a
guidebook let alone a smartphone, if haphazard wandering is your thing, those days aren't over
either.
E. Rolf Potts
Many of the older travellers I met when I first started vagabonding fifteen years ago — some of
them veterans of the 1970s hippy trail across Asia — argued that my travel experiences were
tainted by luxuries such as email and credit cards. These days I am myself tempted to look at
younger travellers and suggest that smartphones and micro-blogging are compromising their road
experiences. Any technology that makes travel easier is going to connect aspects of the travel
experience to the comforts and habits one might seek back home — and can make travel feel less
like travel. There are times when a far-flung post office encounter or directions scribbled onto a
scrap of paper can lead a person into the kind of experiences that make travel so surprising and
worthwhile. That means 21st-century travellers must be aware of when their gadgets are
enhancing new experiences, and when those gadgets are getting in the way.

Which writer ... Your answers

 suggests that places retain their essential identity despite the passage of 81. ______
time?
 refers to a tendency for each generation of travellers to look down on 82. ______
the next?

 expresses a personal feeling of nostalgia for some of the hardships 83. ______
in the past?
 feels that travel can still be spontaneous and unpredictable in the age of 84. ______
the internet?

 explains how even seemingly pointless journeys can have a worthwhile 85. ______
outcome?

 questions the use of a term in relation to one type of traveller? 86. ______

 reveals a slight sense of guilt in an attitude towards the modern 87. ______

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 traveller?

 offers a word of caution for those who want to get the most out of a 88. ______
trip?

 mentions valuable insights gained from observing other travellers? 89. ______

 insists that modern travellers can do without modern technology if they 90. ______
so desire?

IV. WRITING (6 points)

Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it. Your
summary should be between 100 and 120 words. (1.5pts)
Tourism is now among the world’s most important industries, generating jobs and profits
worth billions of pounds. At the same time, however, mass tourism can have dire effects on the
people and places it embraces – both tourists and the societies and human environments they
visit. We are increasingly familiar with some of the worst effects of unthinking, unmanaged,
unsustainable tourism: previously undeveloped coastal villages that have become sprawling,
charmless towns, their seas poisoned by sewage, denuded of wildlife, their beaches stained with
litter and empty tubes of suncream. Historic towns, their streets now choked with traffic, their
temples, churches and cathedrals seemingly reduced to a backdrop for holiday snaps that
proclaim, “Been there, Done that”. Some of the world’s richest environments bruised by the tourist
onslaught, their most distinctive wildlife driven to near-extinction, with wider environmental
impacts caused by the fuel-hungry transport systems used to take holidaying travellers around the
world and back again.
Less appreciated, perhaps, is the social dislocation unsustainable tourism can cause: once-
cohesive communities disrupted as the holiday industry replaces old crafts, turning fishermen into
tour boat operators, farmers into fast-food store waiters or hotel cleaners. Even the tourists are
affected, the most placid and tolerant of us becoming short-tempered and exploitative. All too
often, clutching our soon-to-be-discarded souvenirs and cursing late flights and anybody who
doesn’t speak our language ,we arrive home muttering: “After that, I need a holiday!”
Although its strongest critics view the tourism industry as a rapacious predator – moving
on to fresh conquest after one environment has been spoiled, and forever fueling the desires of
holiday makers with the prospect of a new paradise that must be enjoyed “before it’s gone” –
there are many within the industry who reject the claim. They are at least partly right. There are
examples where the travel trade is doing better. Of course, reforming initiatives often come after
the damage has been done and in some cases for public relations purposes rather than from a
commitment to sustainability. In addition, the growth of the travel industry put increasing strain on
natural and social environments by its sheer size and volume.
George Monbiot, the environmental writer and activist who is fiercely critical of the effects
of tourism, admits in an essay that “none of the ethical questions tourism raises can be easily
answered”. He adds: Tour organizers have justified their work on the grounds that it is a “cultural
exchange”. Yet what I have seen of their activities suggests that no cultural exchange is taking
place. While the visitors get culture, their hosts, if they are lucky, get money. Other people claim
that tourism breaks down the barriers between our lives and those of the people we visit. Yet, in
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most cases, tourists remain firmly behind barriers – be they the windows of a coach, the walls of a
hotel or the lens of a camera. Tourism, we are told, brings wealth to local people. All I have seen
suggests the opposite - that tourism makes a few people extremely rich while impoverishing the
majority, who lose their land, their resources and their sense of self and make, if anything, a tiny
amount of money. Even the oldest maxim of all, that travel broadens the mind, is questionable.
Tourists are pampered and protected, wherever they go; they are treated with defence and never
corrected.

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Part 2. Table description (1.5pts)
The table gives information about the number of people working as researchers in technology per
million people in five countries. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant. You should write about 150 words.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Turkey 47 50 70 83 106

Poland 285 263 234 227 226

Mexico 147 212 242 179 183

Moldova 103 92 89 97 114

Togo 18 17 23 17 18

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Part 3. Essay writing (3pts)
Some people believe that global citizens help to make contributions to the economic
development of their own country.

To what extent do you agree with this? Use specific reasons and examples to support
your answer. Write an essay of about 350 words on the topic.
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(You may write overleaf if you need more space)
-THE END-

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