Answers and Explanations 261

Answer Key 3. B

Section 15-1 opposite BD 8 4

tan = = = =
adjacent AD 6 3
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C

Section 15-2 4. D
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A If x and y are acute angles and cos x = sin y ,
x + y = 90 by the complementary angle theorem.
Section 15-3
(3a − 14) + (50 − a ) = 90 x = 3a − 14 , y = 50 − a
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D
2a + 36 = 90 Simplify.
Chapter 15 Practice Test 2a = 54
a = 27
1. D 2. C 3.C 4. B 5. D
5 5. C
6. D 7. 8. 9 9. 10.5
13 B

c
a

Answers and Explanations

C A
b
Section 15-1
opposite of A a
I. sin A = =
1. B hypotenuse c
B
Roman numeral I is true.
adjacent of B a
10 II. cos B = =
hypotenuse c
Roman numeral II is true.
A C
6 D 6 opposite of A a
III. tan A = =
adjacent of A b
Draw a perpendicular segment from B to the Roman numeral III is false.
opposite side AC . Let the perpendicular segment
intersect side AC at D . Because the triangle is
isosceles, a perpendicular segment from the vertex Section 15-2
to the opposite side bisects the base and creates two
congruent right triangles. 1. B
1 1
Therefore, AD = AC = (12) = 6 . y
2 2
In right ABD , P (1,1)
adjacent AD 6
cos = = = = 0.6 .
hypotenuse AB 10 x
O Q
2. C
The graph shows P ( x, y ) = P (1,1) . Thus, x = 1
AB 2 = BD 2 + AD 2 Pythagorean Theorem
and y = 1 . Use the distance formula to find the
102 = BD 2 + 62
length of radius OA .
100 = BD 2 + 36
OA = x 2 + y 2 = 12 + 12 = 2
64 = BD 2
8 = BD opposite 1 2
sin = = or sin =
opposite BD 8 hypotenuse 2 2
sin = = = = 0.8
hypotenuse AB 10
262 Chapter 15

Therefore, the measure of POQ is 45 , and y = 3 . To find the length of OP, use the
Pythagorean theorem.
which is equal to 45( ) = radians.
180 4 OP 2 = PR 2 + OR 2 = ( 3) 2 + (−1) 2 = 4
1 Which gives OP = 2 .
Thus, k = .
4 x −1
cos a = =
OP 2
2. C y
Use the complementary angle theorem.
P (−1, 3)
cos( ) = sin(90 − ) , or cos( ) = sin( − )
2 a
3 S
x
Therefore, cos( ) = sin( − ) = sin( ) . R O Q
8 2 8 8
All the other answer choices have values
T
different from cos( ) .
8

3. D 2. C
y Since the terminal side of (a + 180) is OT , the
A OS
value of cos(a + 180) is equal to .
OT
OS 1
B
x =
O D OT 2

AD AD 3. B
In OAD , sin = sin 60 = = . y
3 OA 6
3 AD 3
Since sin 60 = , you get = .
2 6 2 k
Therefore, 2 AD = 6 3 and AD = 3 3 . R x
O Q
4. A P (− 3, −1)
y
A(3, 4)
Draw segment PR, which is perpendicular to
the x- axis. In right triangle POR , x = − 3
B
x and y = −1 . To find the length of OP, use the
O D
Pythagorean theorem.
Use the distance formula to find the length of OA . OP 2 = PR 2 + OR 2 = (−1) 2 + ( 3) 2 = 4
OA = x 2 + y 2 = 32 + 42 = 25 = 5 Which gives OP = 2 .
OD 3 y −1
cos AOD = = Since sin POR = = , the measure of
OA 5 OP 2

POR is equal to 30 , or radian.

Section 15-3 6
7
k = + =
1. A 6
6
Draw segment PR, which is perpendicular to 7
Therefore, k =
the x- axis. In right triangle POR , x = −1 6
Answers and Explanations 263

4. D Draw segment PR, which is perpendicular to

7 y −1 1 1
tan(k ) = tan( ) = = = the x- axis. In right triangle POR , x = −
6 x − 3 3 2
3
and y = . To find the length of OP, use the
2
Chapter 15 practice Test
Pythagorean theorem.
1. D 3 2 −1 2 3 1
OP 2 = PR 2 + OR 2 = ( ) +( ) = + =1
B 2 2 4 4
Which gives OP = 1 . Thus, triangle OPR is
30 -60 -90 triangle and the measure of POR
is 60 , which is radian. Therefore, the measure
A C 3
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 2
of POQ is − , or
radian. If POQ is
3 3
opposite BC 2
In ABC , tan = = . k radians then k is equal to .
adjacent AC 3
3
If tan = , then BC = 3 and AC = 4 . 4. B
4
By the Pythagorean theorem, Since the terminal side of (k + 1) is OT , the
AB 2 = AC 2 + BC 2 = 42 + 32 = 25 , thus OS
value of cos(k + 1) is equal to .
AB = 25 = 5 . OT
BC 3 OS 1
sin = = =
AB 5 OT 2

2. C 5. D
B B

A D C
C A
s 1
Area of triangle ABC = ( AC )( BD)
opposite side of A s 2
tan A = = =1 Check each answer choice.
adjacent side of A s
1
s A) ( AB cos A + BC cos C )( AB cos ABD)
= =1 2
s
1 AD CD BD
= ( AB ⋅ + BC ⋅ )( AB ⋅ )
3. C 2 AB BC AB
1 1
y = ( AD + CD)( BD) = ( AC )( BD)
1 3 2 2
P(− , )
2 2
1
k B) ( AB cos A + BC cos C )( BC sin C )
S 2
x
R O Q 1 AD CD BD
= ( AB ⋅ + BC ⋅ )( BC ⋅ )
2 AB BC BC
T 1 1
= ( AD + CD)( BD) = ( AC )( BD)
2 2
264 Chapter 15

C)
1
( AB sin ABD + BC sin CBD)( AB sin A) AB 2 = BC 2 + AC 2
2 AB 2 = 102 + 242 = 676
1 AD CD BD AB = 676 = 26
= ( AB ⋅ + BC ⋅ )( AB ⋅ )
2 AB BC AB 10 5
sin A = =
1 1 26 13
= ( AD + CD)( BD) = ( AC )( BD)
2 2
8. 9
1
D) ( AB sin ABD + BC sin CBD)( BC cos C ) B
2
1 AD CD CD
= ( AB ⋅ + BC )( BC ⋅ )
2 AB BC BC
1 1 x
= ( AD + CD)(CD) = ( AC )(CD) C A
2 2
Which does not represent the area of AC 3
triangle ABC. cos x = =
AB 5
Choice D is correct. Let AC = 3 x and AB = 5 x .
AB 2 = BC 2 + AC 2 Pythagorean Theorem

6. D (5 x) 2 = 122 + (3 x) 2 BC = 12
2 2
B 25 x = 144 + 9 x
16 x 2 = 144
20
x2 = 9
x= 9 =3
x x
A C
12 D 12 Therefore, AC = 3 x = 3(3) = 9
Draw segment BD, which is perpendicular to
side AC. Because the triangle is isosceles, a 9. 10.5
perpendicular segment from the vertex to the According to the complementary angle theorem,
opposite side bisects the base and creates two sin = cos(90 − ) .
congruent right triangles.
1 1 If sin(5 x − 10) = cos(3 x + 16) ,
Therefore, AD = AC = (24) = 12 .
2 2 3 x + 16 = 90 − (5 x − 10) .
By the Pythagorean theorem, AB 2 = BD 2 + AD 2 3 x + 16 = 90 − 5 x + 10
Thus, 202 = BD 2 + 122 .
3 x + 16 = 100 − 5 x
8 x = 84
BD 2 = 202 − 122 = 256 x = 10.5
BD = 256 = 16
In right ABD ,
adjacent BD 16 4
sin x = = = = .
hypotenuse AB 20 5

5
7.
13
Sketch triangle ABC .
B

10

A C
24