1.

3 Bonding
1. Sodium reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride
a) What type of bonding exists in:
i) Sodium metal _______________________________
ii) Magnesium metal ___________________________
iii) Sodium Chloride ____________________________
iv) Magnesium oxide _________________________

[2]

b) Arrange the above mentioned in order of melting point, starting from lowest to highest
Lowest

Highest

[2]

c) Explain the reasoning behind your answer to (b).

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[4]
[Total 8 marks]

2. Boron trichloride (BCl3) and ammonia (NH3) both molecules have covalent bonding.

a) Define Covalent Bond

1
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

[1]
b) Draw structures of both molecules showing their shape.

[2]

c) Explain the shape of both molecules

BCl3
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
NH3
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

[4]

[Total 7 marks]

3. Consider the following reaction:

BF3 +NH3 NH3BF3

a) What type of bonding exists in NH3BF3?

____________________________________________________________________________________
[1]

b) Define the type you answered in (a)

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[2]
c) show bonding of NH3 BF3

2
[2]
[Total 5 marks]

4. A polar covalent bond forms when the elements in the bond have different electronegativities.

a) Define Electronegativity.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2]

b) C-Cl bond is polar. CH3Cl is a polar molecule whereas CCl3 is not. Explain why that is so.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[3]

[Total 5 marks]

5. Aluminum is an element of the third group.

a) Explain the type of bonding that exists in Aluminum.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[3]

b) Draw structure of aluminum.

3
 [1]

c) Explain with reference to its structure why Aluminum is ‘malleable’ and ‘ductile’.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]

[Total 5 marks]

6. Intermolecular forces exist between molecules of a substance.

a) What type of forces exists between diatomic molecules of group 7?
________________________________________________________________________________
[1]

b) Boiling point of group 7 increases down the group. Explain why that is so?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
[2]

[Total 3 marks]

7. Hydrogen bonding exists between molecules of water.

a) What makes water uniquely qualified to have hydrogen bonding?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2]

b) Draw the shape of a water molecule.

4
 [1]

c) State the bond angle.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
d) Diagrammatically show hydrogen bonding between two water molecules. Show all the dipoles
and lone pairs on your diagram.

[2]
[Total 6 marks]

8. Diamond and graphite are both macromolecules of carbon.

a) What type of bonds exist between carbon atoms in
Graphite: ____________________________________________________
Diamond: _____________________________________________________
[1]

b) Draw structure of both graphite and diamond

[2]

c) Graphite is a conductor of electricity whereas diamond is not. Why is that so?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

5
 __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[2]
[Total 5 marks]

9. Bromine pentafluoride BrF5 is a strong fluorination agent.

a) Suggest how many bond pairs are in BrF5?
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]

b) Draw shape of BrF5.

[2]

[Total 3 marks]

10. Four types of intermolecular forces are: Van der Waals’ force, permanent dipole-dipole forces and
hydrogen bonding.
a) Arrange them in order of decreasing strength.

Highest

Lowest

[1]

6
b) What is a dipole?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1]
c) Explain permanent dipole-dipole forces.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
[4]
[Total 6 marks]

7
8