As 1418.7-1999 Cranes (Including Hoists and Winches) - Builders' Hoists and Associated Equipment

AS 1418.
7—1999
Australian Standard™
Cranes (including hoists and winches)

Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SYDNEY on 07 Aug 2019 (Document currency not guaranteed when printed)
Part 7: Builders’ hoists and associated

equipment
This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME/5, Cranes. It was approved
on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 20 August 1999 and published on
5 October 1999.
The following interests are represented on Committee ME/5:
Association of Consulting Engineers Australia

Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Elevator Association
Australian Institute for Non-Destructive Testing
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Construction and Mining Equipment of Australia
Crane Industry Council of Australia
Department of Administrative and Information Services, S.A.
Department of Labour New Zealand
Department of Training and Industrial Relations, Qld
Institution of Engineers Australia
Metal Trades and Industry Association of Australia
State Chamber of Commerce

University of New South Wales
Victorian WorkCover Authority
Work Health Authority, N.T.
Workcover New South Wales
Workplace Standards Authority, Tas.
WorkSafe Western Australia
Keeping Standards up-to-date

Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems.
To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are
published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be
withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard,
which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard
was purchased.
Detailed information about Standards can be found visiting the Standards Australia web site
at www.standards.com.au and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue.
Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January each year,
and the monthly magazine, The Australian Standard, has a full listing of revisions and
amendments published each month.
We also welcome suggestions for the improvement in our Standards, and especially
encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities.
Contact us via email at mail@standards.com.au, or write to the Chief Executive, Standards
Australia International Ltd. PO Box 1055, Strathfield., NSW 2135..
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 98034.

AS 1418.7—1999
Australian Standard™

Part 7: Builders’ hoists and associated

equipment
Originated as AS CB2—1938.
Previous edition AS 1418.7—1988.
Third edition 1999.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia International
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the
publisher.
Published by Standards Australia International Ltd
PO Box 1055, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 2930 4
AS 1418.7—1999 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
Committee ME/5, Cranes, to supersede AS 1418.7—1988.
This Standard is a result of consensus among representatives of the Joint Committee to
produce it as an Australian Standard.
This edition incorporates the following changes:
(a) The format has been revised in accordance with Standards Australia’s procedures.
(b) ‘Equipment’ has been qualified by the addition of ‘associated’ in the title to more
accurately reflect the content of the Standard.
(c) The content has been amended to allow for—
(i) the new edition of AS 1418.1, Cranes (including hoists and winches)
Part 1: General requirements, published in 1994;
(ii) technological advances; and
(iii) the development of draft European Standards prEN 12158-1, Builders hoists
Part 1: Hoists with accessible platforms, and prEN 12159, Builders hoists for
persons and materials with vertically guided cage.
(d) All operational and maintenance matters have been removed from this Standard and
placed in Amendment No. 1 to AS 2550.7—1996, Cranes—Safe use, Part 7: Builders’
hoists and associated equipment.
(e) The Appendix on ‘Statutory Approval’ has been removed in response to the changing
role of regulatory authorities.
(f) The requirements specific to jib attachments have been deleted.
(g) Editorial changes.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.
3 AS 1418.7—1999
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE .........................................................................................................................4
1.2 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATION ........................................................................4
1.3 APPLICATION............................................................................................................4
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................4
1.5 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................5
1.6 SAFETY ......................................................................................................................5
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN

2.1 BASIS OF DESIGN .....................................................................................................6
2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF HOIST ...................................................................................6
2.3 DEFLECTION .............................................................................................................6
2.4 TIES.............................................................................................................................6
2.5 DRIVING MECHANISMS ..........................................................................................6
2.6 DRIVE UNIT ISOLATION .........................................................................................7

2.7 GUARDING ...............................................................................................................7
2.8 RACK-AND-PINION DRIVE .....................................................................................7
2.9 SAFETY GEAR ...........................................................................................................8
2.10 BRAKING SYSTEM ...................................................................................................9
2.11 OVERLOAD DETECTION DEVICE ........................................................................10
SECTION 3 MATERIALS HOISTS AND CONCRETE SKIP HOISTS

3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION................................................................................................12
3.2 LOAD RATING.........................................................................................................12
3.3 LOADS ......................................................................................................................12
3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS..........................................................................................12
3.5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................13
3.6 INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................18
3.7 MARKING.................................................................................................................19
3.8 TESTING ...................................................................................................................19
SECTION 4 PERSONNEL AND MATERIALS HOISTS

4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION................................................................................................21
4.2 LOAD RATING.........................................................................................................21
4.3 LOADS ......................................................................................................................21
4.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS..........................................................................................22
4.5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.............................................................................22
4.6 INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................29
4.7 MARKING.................................................................................................................30
4.8 TESTING ...................................................................................................................30
4.9 COMMUNICATIONS ...............................................................................................31
4.10 EMERGENCY OPERATION AND ACCESS ...........................................................31
APPENDICES
A INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER .............................................32
B LIST OF TYPICAL HAZARDS ................................................................................33
C WROUGHT ALUMINIUM ALLOY FERRULES
(BASED ON DIN 3093.1 AND DIN 3813.2).............................................................35
AS 1418.7—1999 4
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Part 7: Builders’ hoists and associated equipment
S E CT I ON 1 S COP E AND GE NE RAL
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard sets out requirements for temporary hoists for use in the building industry. It
does not apply to tower cranes (see AS 1418.4), mobile and vehicle loading cranes (see
AS 1418.5), mining hoists, mast climbing work platforms (see AS 1418.16), rope-guided
hoists, conveyors (see AS 1755) and elevating work platforms (see AS 1418.10).
NOTE: See Appendix A for guidance on information to be supplied with tender.
Guidance on the requirements for operation, inspection and maintenance to ensure safe use
of builders’ hoists and associated equipment is given in AS 2550.7.
1.2 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATION

This Standard does not preclude the use of novel materials, designs, methods of assembly,
procedures and the like which do not comply with a specific requirement of the Standard, or
are not mentioned in it, but which can be shown to give equivalent or superior results to
those specified.
1.3 APPLICATION
The hoists shall comply with the general requirements for design in Section 2 and the
specific requirements in Section 3 for materials hoists and concrete skip hoists or in
Section 4 for personnel and material hoists, according to the type of hoist.
This Standard is complementary to AS 1418.1, but the requirements herein shall take
precedence over corresponding requirements in that Standard.
NOTE: This Standard applies to new builders’ hoists designed and build after its publication date.
It is not intended to apply retrospectively to builders’ hoists designed and built before that date.
1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

The following documents are referred to in this Standard:
AS
1138 Thimbles for wire rope
1391 Methods for tensile testing of metals
1418 Cranes (including hoists and winches)
1418.1 Part 1: General requirements
1418.4 Part 4: Tower cranes
1418.5 Part 5: Mobile and vehicle-loading cranes
1418.10 Part 10: Elevating work platforms
1418.16 Part 16: Mast climbing work platforms
1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders—Design, construction
and installation
COPYRIGHT
5 AS 1418.7—1999
AS
1735 Lifts, escalators and moving walks
1735.2 Part 2: Passenger and goods lifts—Electric
1735.3 Part 3: Passenger and goods lifts — Electrohydraulic
1735.10(Int) Part 10: Tests
1755 Conveyors—Design, construction, installation and operation—Safety
requirements
1816 Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test
2549 Cranes (including hoists and winches) Glossary of terms
2550 Cranes—Safe use
2550.7 Part 7: Builders’ hoists and associated equipment
2759 Steel wire rope — Application guide
3000 Electrical installations—Buildings, structures and premises (known as the
SAA Wiring Rules)
4024 Safeguarding of machinery
4024.1 Part 1: General principles
AS/NZS
ISO 8402 Quality management and quality assurance—Vocabulary

DIN
3093 Wrought Aluminium alloy ferrule
3093.1 Part 1: Tubing blanks of oval section and constant wall thickness;
Technical delivery conditions
3093.2 Part 2: Ferrule secured terminations; Safety requirements
EN
573 Aluminium and Aluminium alloys—Chemical composition and form of
wrought products
573-3 Part 3: Chemical composition
1.5 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard the definitions given in AS 2549 and those below apply.
1.5.1 Hoists
The use of the word ‘hoist’ herein shall mean ‘builders’ hoists and associated equipment, so
far as is applicable to the text.
1.5.2 Safety gear
A mechanical device attached to the car/platform frame, or to the counterweight frame, to
stop and hold the car/platform or counterweight under one or more of the following
conditions:
(a) Predetermined overspeed.
(b) Free fall.
(c) If the suspension ropes slacken.
1.6 SAFETY
The design of builders’ hoists and associated equipment in relation to materials and
construction shall eliminate, as far as practicable, the potential hazards associated with all
specified operations.
NOTE: Examples of typical hazards associated with builders’ hoists and associated equipment are
listed in Appendix B.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 6
S E CT I ON 2 GE NE RAL RE QUI RE ME NT S FOR

DE S I GN
2.1 BASIS OF DESIGN

The structural and mechanical design of the hoist, including assessment of loading, material
selection and limitations of stress, deflection and fatigue loading, shall be carried out in
accordance with AS 1418.1 and shall take into consideration the loads and load
combinations specified in Section 3 or Section 4 of this Standard, as appropriate. This
Standard covers vertical applications only.
2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF HOIST

Hoist classification shall be a minimum of Class C6 in accordance with the requirements set
out in AS 1418.1, and the guidance on selection provided in the relevant appendix therein,
except that the number of operating cycles shall be a minimum of 1 million.
2.3 DEFLECTION
Deflections under all conditions of loading shall be limited to magnitudes that:
(a) eliminate lateral movement (spread) beyond that at which the hoist remains effectively
guided;
(b) minimize stress fluctuations in hoist structure connections;
(c) eliminate misalignment of or interference between parts of the hoist; and
(d) minimize cyclic vibration and related movements.
2.4 TIES
Except for material only hoists which are guyed in accordance with Clause 3.6.2, ties shall
be provided where necessary to ensure that the hoist complies with the stability, strength,
and deflection requirements of Section 3 or Section 4, as appropriate.
The ties shall be adequate to limit deflections (see Clause 2.3) and shall be located at the
positions on the hoist structure at which allowance for lateral support has been made in the
design of the hoist structure, and shall be adequate, during all conditions of operation, to—
(a) maintain the tower in a fixed position;
(b) prevent permanent distortion of the tower; and
(c) prevent undue lateral movement of the part of the tower to which it is attached.
2.5 DRIVING MECHANISMS

All driving mechanisms shall be of the positive drive up drive down type which cannot be
disengaged. Clutches or frictional devices shall not be used to transmit power to rope
winding drums or traction sheaves.
Where failure of a flexible driving component would render the braking system (including
the safety brake) ineffective, the brake shall be located on the loadside to the flexible
driving component.
Each hoist shall have at least one drive unit exclusive to it.
The driving machinery and associated equipment shall be so positioned or guarded to
protect persons from injury.
NOTE: Guidance on this is given in AS 4024.1
COPYRIGHT
7 AS 1418.7—1999
2.6 DRIVE UNIT ISOLATION

Means shall be provided to isolate the power supply of each drive unit (see AS 1418.1).
2.7 GUARDING
Guardrailings shall comply with AS 1657.
Guarding around driving machines shall comply with AS 4024.1.
2.8 RACK-AND-PINION DRIVE

Means shall be provided to maintain the rack and all the driving and safety device pinions
in correct mesh under every condition of operation. Such means shall not rely solely upon
the platform guide rollers or shoes.
Means shall be provided to ensure that in the event of failure of a roller or shoe the pitch
circle diameter of the pinion shall never be more than two-thirds of the module out beyond
the pitch line of the rack.
Means shall be provided to ensure that in the event of failure of a roller or shoe not less
than 90% of the width of the rack shall be in lateral engagement with pinion teeth of full
form.
The pinion teeth and the rack teeth shall be square to each other in all planes, within a
tolerance of ±0.5°.
Drive pinions and overspeed safety device pinions shall be positively fastened to their
shafts. Methods involving friction and clamping shall not be used.
The safety device pinion shall be situated lower than the drive pinions.
The drive and safety device pinions shall be made from wear resistant material and shall be
so dimensioned that there shall exist a safety factor of at least 4 with regard to the ultimate
tensile stress of the pinion material and the actual stress induced in the pinion teeth from
the total suspended static load, this load to consist of the dead weight of the platform plus
rated load.
A safety factor of 4 shall also be ensured during erection and dismantling.
During erection and dismantling the advantage of a counterweight, if provided, shall not be
taken into account.
The rack-and-pinion tooth module shall be not less than—
(a) four (4) for drive systems where the counter roller or other mesh control feature
reacts directly on the rack without the interposition of any other mast profiles; and
(b) six (6) where the reaction of the counter roller or other mesh control feature is by
means of another element of the mast, which is then in immediate contact with the
rack.
The racks shall be securely attached. Joints in the rack shall be accurately aligned to avoid
faulty meshing or damage to teeth.
Steps shall be taken to prevent the penetration of foreign bodies between each drive or
safety pinion and the geared rack.
When more than one drive pinion is meshing with the rack, it shall only be permissible to
share the design loads between the pinions if a self-adjusting measure is provided to
guarantee load sharing under all running conditions.
For other gear devices such as pin ladders the same provisions shall be used and the same
safety factors shall be ensured.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 8
2.9 SAFETY GEAR

2.9.1 General
In addition to the principle drive unit, one of the following shall be provided:
(a) A safety device to arrest a falling platform in the case of overspeed of personnel
materials hoist and to ensure safety for personnel when loading or unloading
materials.
(b) A device which shall be independent of the driving-mechanism braking system and
shall, when applied, be capable of holding the platform in position during loading and
unloading operations and shall retain it in that position in the event of a rope breaking
or other failure occurring. The device shall be mechanically interlocked so that—
(i) access of personnel to the hoist platform is prevented prior to application of the
device;
(ii) the driving mechanism is rendered inoperative whilst the device is applied; and
(iii) the device cannot be released until access of personnel to the hoist platform is
prevented after loading or unloading operations.
(c) Safety gear in accordance with AS 1735.2.
The safety device shall be capable of stopping and holding the platform in place with
1.25 times the rated load.
A safety device designed to grip more than one guide shall operate on all guides
simultaneously.
2.9.2 Retardation
The safety device shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) Where an overspeed device is used, retardation with any load on the platform up to
the rated load shall be between 0.2 G and 1.0 G with no peak exceeding 2.5 G for
more than 0.04 sec, or shall comply with AS 1735.2.
(b) Where an instantaneous device is used, stopping distance shall comply with the
appropriate requirements set out in AS 2550.7.
2.9.3 Release
The method for release of the safety device shall require the intervention of a competent
person in order to return the hoist to normal operation.
2.9.4 Level
Under all conditions of loading, excluding overload, when the safety device(s) operates, the
floor of the platform shall not incline by more than 3° from its normal position and shall
recover without permanent deformation.
2.9.5 Operating conditions
Suitable provision shall be made to prevent the safety device from becoming inoperative
due to the accumulation of extraneous materials or due to environmental conditions.
2.9.6 Springs
In safety devices where the braking action is achieved by means of springs, the springs shall
be in the form of guided compression springs.
COPYRIGHT
9 AS 1418.7—1999
2.9.7 Additional requirements for platforms fitted with overspeed devices

Hoists fitted with an overspeed device shall meet the following additional requirements:
(a) Movement of the car/platform by means of the normal controls shall be automatically
prevented by an electric safety device as soon as the overspeed safety device is
triggered.
(b) Pulleys for overspeed governors shall be mounted independently of any shaft that
carries the suspension rope pulleys.
(c) Tampering with the triggered speed of a governor shall be prevented, e.g. with a seal.
(d) The safety device shall be triggered mechanically. The triggering speed of the safety
device shall not exceed the hoist's rated speed by more than 0.4 m/s.
(e) The force exerted by the overspeed governor when triggered shall be at least the
greater of the following two values:
(i) 30N;
or
(ii) Twice that necessary to engage the safety device.
2.10 BRAKING SYSTEM

2.10.1 General
Every hoist shall be provided with a braking system that operates automatically in the event
of—
(a) loss of the main power supply; and
(b) loss of the supply to electric or hydraulic control circuits.
Brakes shall comply with the relevant requirements of AS 1418.1.
The braking system shall have at least one electro-mechanical or hydromechanical brake
(friction type), but, in addition, may have other braking systems (e.g. electric or hydraulic).
Where used, band brakes shall be fail safe.
The components to which the brake operates shall be positively coupled to the traction
sheave or drum, or sprocket, or drive pinion, or screw.
Belts for coupling the motor or motors to the component on which the electro-mechanical
brake operates shall not be used.
The brake(s) on its own shall be capable of stopping the machine when the platform is
travelling at its rated speed with 1.25 times the rated load.
In addition, where an overspeed device is used, the brakes on their own shall be capable of
stopping the machine when travelling at the triggered speed of the overspeed governor with
the rated load.
The action of the brake shall be exerted by compression springs. At rated load, the springs
shall be adequately supported and shall not be stressed in excess of 80% of the torsional
elastic limit of the material.
Brake linings shall be of asbestos free and incombustible material and shall be so secured
that normal wear does not weaken their fixing. The wearing surface of brake drums or discs
shall be smooth.
Brakes shall be provided with means of adjustment to account for the wear of the friction
surfaces.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 10
All hoists shall be capable of being lowered manually. The manual lowering device used
shall require the operator to apply a continuous force during the lowering operation.
Driving machine brakes shall not be electrically released until power has been applied to
the driving motor(s).
2.10.2 One brake
A single failure in the braking system shall not allow the platform to move away from the
floor.
Where only one brake is used, all the mechanical components of the brake that take part in
the application of the braking action on the drum or disc shall be constructed and installed
in such a way that if a failure in one of them occurs, sufficient braking effort to slow down
the platform, when containing rated load, would continue to be exercised.
In normal operation, a continuous supply of electric current or hydraulic pressure shall be
required to hold off the brake.
2.10.3 Rack-and-pinion hoists
For rack-and-pinion hoists that incorporate an electro-mechanical brake, the interruption of
the current shall be effected by at least two independent electrical devices, whether or not
integral with those that cause the interruption of the current feeding the hoist machine.
2.10.4 Hydro-mechanical brakes

For hoists that incorporate a hydro-mechanical brake, the interruption of the hydraulic
pressure shall be effected by at least two independent valves, whether or not integral with
those that cause the interruption of the hydraulic power feeding the hoist machine.
2.11 OVERLOAD DETECTION DEVICE

2.11.1 General
Except where allowed in Clause 2.11.2, an overload detection device shall be provided. The
overload detection device shall give a clear signal once overload occurs at the control panel
and shall interrupt the normal control of the platform before the load reaches 105% of the
rated load. Once 110% of rated capacity is reached, the control circuit shall be interrupted
to prevent use of the hoist. The control circuit should reconnect automatically once the load
is decreased below 110% of rated capacity.
The overload detection device shall be fail to safe. There shall be no provision for the user
to cancel the warning.
Overload detection shall be carried out each time the platform is stationary and should be
functional during operation.
The design and installation of overload indicators and detectors shall take into account the
need to test the hoist with overloads without dismantling and without affecting the
performance of the indicator or detector.
In order to provide the routine verification, the overload indicator shall be such that its
operation (but not necessarily its accuracy) may be checked without applying overload to
the platform.
If interruption of the power occurs, all data and calibration of the indicators shall be
retained.
Devices shall be sufficiently robust in construction and shall be protected to prevent
damage from shock, vibration and the general use of hoists including erection, operation,
dismantling and maintenance as well as environmental influences.
COPYRIGHT
11 AS 1418.7—1999
2.11.2 Exception
An overload detection device may be omitted when all of the following requirements are
met:
(a) All design calculations shall be based on a load of at least 1.5 times the rated load.
(b) The braking system shall be capable of stopping the cage with 1.5 times the rated load
from the triggering speed of the overspeed governor, and maintaining it stopped.
(c) The overspeed safety device shall be capable of stopping, and holding in place, the
cage with 2.0 times its rated load.
(d) Lifting capacity of the drive system shall be designed with a limit of no more than
1.5 times the rated load at the rated voltage.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 12
S E CT I ON 3 MAT E RI ALS HOI S T S AND

CONCRE T E S KI P HOI ST S
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION

This Section applies to builders’ hoists and associated equipment of the rope and rack and
pinion types for the handling of concrete, construction materials, tools and equipment, and
the like, but not to hoists for the transport of personnel or operated by a hoist driver on the
platform (see Section 4).
3.2 LOAD RATING

3.2.1 Materials hoist
Each materials hoist shall be rated in terms of—
(a) rated capacity, in kilograms or tonnes;
(b) hoisting speed (raising and lowering), in metres per second; and
(c) classification (see Clause 2.2).
3.2.2 Concrete skip hoist

Each concrete skip hoist shall be rated in terms of—
(a) volume capacity of bucket, in cubic metres (of concrete);
3.3 LOADS
3.3.1 Rated load
For design purposes, the rated capacity of a concrete skip hoist shall be the mass of
concrete required to fill the rated volume of the bucket (see Clause 3.2).
3.3.2 Gravitational loads
Gravitational loads shall be the gravitational forces due to each part of the hoist, supporting
structure and other similar forces applied to the hoist or part of hoist under consideration.
3.3.3 Inertial loads
Inertial loads shall be the inertial forces due to the acceleration or deceleration of moving
parts of the hoist and its load.
3.3.4 Incidental forces
Wind-loading forces, thermal effects and other incidental loadings shall be determined in
accordance with the relevant clauses of AS 1418.1.
3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

The hoist and hoist-supporting structure shall be designed to withstand the application of
the vector combination of the loadings specified in AS 1418.1 which produces the highest
stress condition in the part of the hoist or supporting structure under consideration.
The hoist and hoist-supporting structure shall be designed to withstand the vector
combination of loads applicable with operation of safety gear specified in Clause 2.9.
COPYRIGHT
13 AS 1418.7—1999
3.5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

3.5.1 Design
The design of a materials hoist or concrete skip hoist shall comply with Section 2 and this
Clause as appropriate.
3.5.2 Mechanism
3.5.2.1 Mechanism design
The mechanism that drives the hoisting motion shall comply with the requirements for
crane mechanisms in AS 1418.1.
3.5.2.2 Design life of mechanism
The mechanism shall be designed for a minimum life of 10 years, determined by the
operating time and the load condition applied during that operating time.
The state of loading and class of utilization for determining the mechanism classification
shall be obtained in accordance with AS 1418.1.
3.5.3 Rope-reeving system
The rope-reeving system of each hoist-driving mechanism shall comply with AS 1418.1 and
with the following requirements:
(a) The hoist-rope diameter shall be not less than 8 mm.

(b) Except where the rope is attached to a drum, rope terminations shall be effected by
hand splicing in accordance with AS 2759 by a competent person or by an appropriate
swaged ferrule, wedge-type socket or other suitable means.
Rope terminations shall not be effected by epoxy, bulldog grips or metallic or epoxy
sockets.
(c) Where swaged ferrules are applied, they shall comply with Appendix C.
3.5.4 Platform
3.5.4.1 Floor loading
The platform shall be designed to withstand each of the following loadings separately
(ignoring inertial effects):
(a) The gravitational effect of the rated load uniformly distributed over each half of the
floor area (i.e., front half, rear half, side halves).
(b) The gravitational effect of the largest concentrated load which the hoist is intended to
handle but not less than 1130 N in an area 300 mm × 300 mm (or 0.09 m2) acting
anywhere on the platform.
3.5.4.2 Platform-sill loading
The platform sill shall be designed to withstand each of the following loadings separately
(ignoring inertial effects):
(a) The gravitational effect of 25% of the rated load concentrated at the centre of the sill.
handle but not less than 1130 N.
3.5.4.3 Clearance around platform
The horizontal running clearance between the edge of the platform and any other face or
projection shall be not less than 25 mm.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 14
3.5.4.4 Hoist platform guardrailing

The hoist platform perimeter shall be provided with guardrailing that complies with
Clause 2.7, to a minimum height of 1 m above platform floor level, except that platform
guardrailing may be omitted where the horizontal running clearance between the edge of the
platform and the interior face of the infill of any hoist enclosure (see Clause 3.5.10) is less
than—
(a) 100 mm at a loading/unloading station; and
(b) 150 mm at any other position in the hoist enclosure.
3.5.4.5 Platform gates and fold-down flaps
These gates may incorporate a fold-down flap (see Figure 1) to bridge the gap between the
platform and the landing.
The gate/flap system shall be capable of being retained or latched in its closed position.
Either or both the platform gate and fold-down flap shall incorporate means that prevent the
landing gates from being closed and latched until the platform gate/flap system is retained
or latched in its closed position.
When the platform gate is closed, any opening between this gate and the platform
guardrailing shall be not greater than 50 mm.
3.5.4.6 Retention on guiderails

Each hoist shall be designed so that the platform, cage, skip, or counterweight remains on
the guiderails in the event of failure of any guide roller, bearing, or guide roller shaft.
3.5.5 Overrun clearance
3.5.5.1 General
Overrun clearance zones shall be provided as follows:
(a) A top overrun clearance zone for platforms shall be provided for all hoists. The
clearance zone shall be not less than 1.5 m in travel length beyond the topmost
loading/unloading station of the platform or bucket, and shall be free of all
obstructions to any part of the platform or either or both the bucket and suspension
attachments.
(b) A similar bottom overrun clearance zone for counterweights shall also be provided.
The clearance shall be not less than 300 mm and not more than 100 mm less in travel
length than the actual top overrun clearance provided for the platform or bucket.
(c) The top overrun clearance zone provided for counterweights in accordance with
Item (a) shall be not less than 200 mm when the platform or bucket is resting on its
stops or fully compressed buffers.
3.5.5.2 Rack and pinion hoist
Top overrun clearance for a rack and pinion hoist shall be such that—
(a) there is not less than 1.5 m to the top of the rack from the topmost pinion when the
platform is at the top loading and unloading station;
(b) there is not less than 1.2 m to the top of the rack from the topmost pinion when the
platform stops after actuating the terminal limit device; and
(c) it will not be possible for any of the car lateral rollers (guide rollers) to become
disengaged from their guides in the event of the lowest mounted driving pinion
overrunning the top of the rack.
COPYRIGHT
15 AS 1418.7—1999
3.5.6 Landings
3.5.6.1 Landing clearance
When the hoist platform is at a landing, the horizontal gap between the landing sill and the
hoist platform shall not be greater than 150 mm. A bridging or fold-down flap shall be
provided when this gap is greater than 100 mm. An example of a typical flap is shown in
Figure 1.
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 1 LANDING CLEARANCE
3.5.6.2 Landing gates

Except as stated below, landing gates with infill capable of being latched in the closed
position shall be provided at each landing including the base level.
Landing gates may be omitted where the distance from the base of the hoist level to the
highest loading point is less than 10 m in height and there are no more than three levels
above the base level providing a suitable barrier is provided, which gives at least the same
level of protection as a handrail or guardrail. Where a barrier is provided the following shall
apply:
(a) A chain shall not be used for such a barrier.
(b) The barrier shall be so positioned to allow a person to view the platform without
needing to remove the barrier and without allowing the platform to present a shearing
hazard on its path up and down the mast.
(c) The loading points shall be visible from the operating position.
(d) Appropriate recommendations for safe working procedures shall be supplied with the
hoist.
Landing gates shall comply with the following:
(i) The gate shall be of construction that complies with the requirements specified in
AS 1657. Infills shall have openings of size not greater than 50 mm along each side,
where the openings are parallelogram-shaped.
(ii) The gate shall—
(A) not be readily detachable;
(B) be not less than 1.8 m in height;
(C) when opened, have the gate opening extend the full width of the hoist platform;
and
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 16
(D) be prevented from opening further than the tower width of a tower hoist or the
platform width of a cantilever hoist.
(iii) When the gate is closed, the distance between the gate and the landing sill shall be
not greater than 150 mm.
(iv) Where the gate is hinged, it shall not be able to close such that the gate protrudes past
the landing sill.
(v) Where the gate slides horizontally, it shall be supported by a top guide track and shall
be guided at the bottom to retain it in correct alignment.
(vi) Where the gate slides vertically, it shall be guided at each side. The weight of the gate
shall be counterbalanced at each end by a counterweight enclosed within a guide and
supported by a wire rope.
(vii) The gateway shall not be less than 2 m in clear height when the gate is open.
3.5.6.3 Landing gate to platform side clearance
When the hoist platform is at a landing, the vertical gap or opening on either side shall be
not greater than 250 mm measured horizontally in either of the following locations (see
Figure 2):
(a) Between the landing gate system and the platform guardrailing.
(b) Between the landing gate system and the hoist enclosure, where no guarding is
necessary (see Clause 3.5.4.4).
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 2 LANDING GATE TO PLATFORM SIDE CLEARANCE
COPYRIGHT
17 AS 1418.7—1999
3.5.7 Landing-gate interlocking and signalling systems

3.5.7.1 Interlocking
Interlocking of all landing gates for all hoists shall be provided where the distance from the
base of the hoist level to the highest loading point is greater than 10 m in height or more
than three levels above the base level, and shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) All landing gates shall be electrically interlocked such that the driving mechanism to
the hoist is operable only when all gates are closed and latched. Each
gate-interlocking switch shall be arranged so that it is not capable of being operated
manually when the gate is open.
(b) An indicating system shall be provided in conjunction with the interlocking system
such that at the operating position—
(i) twin red indicator lamps, wired in parallel, light up when all gates are not
closed and latched;
(ii) a green indicator lamp lights up when all gates are closed and latched; and
(iii) the indicating system shall be visible from the hoist controls, including pendant
controls.
3.5.7.2 Signalling
A signalling system to signal to the operator that the hoist platform is required shall be
provided at all landings where—
(a) the operator does not have a clear, convenient view from the normal operating position of all
loading and unloading stations; or
(b) the hoist serves structures of more than three floors or 10 m in height.
The operating controls of the signalling system shall be located adjacent to the landing gate
giving access to the hoist.
The operating voltage of conductors for control or signalling shall be not greater than
extra-low voltage, as defined in AS 3000, to earth except in the vicinity of the driving
machines.
3.5.8 Height indicators
The hoist shall incorporate one of the following features:
(a) Where the operator at the operating position cannot clearly and conveniently observe from the
normal operating position the platform or bucket at all the loading and unloading points, or
where the hoist serves structures of more than three floors or 10 m in height, the hoist shall be
fitted with a device that clearly indicates the position of the load to the operator.
OR
(b) A system shall be included to ensure the correct levelling of the platform or bucket at the
loading levels.
3.5.9 Base level guardrailing
Every hoist, other than a hoist provided with a full hoist enclosure as specified in
Clause 3.5.10, shall have guardrailings, complying with Clause 2.7, provided at base level
to surround the hoist on all sides except at the landing gate. The guardrailing shall be—
(a) not less than 1 m in height; and
(b) located in plan at a nominal distance of 800 mm from the vertical path of the platform edges
or any other movable hoist component.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 18
The base level landing gate shall comply with Clause 3.5.6.2, and the protective meshing at
this gate shall comply with AS 2550.7.
3.5.10 Hoist enclosures
3.5.10.1 Provision of enclosure
The tower of each tower hoist shall be enclosed on all sides, except at gate openings, for the
full height of the tower up to a level 1.8 m above the topmost landing floor level, with infill
complying with Clause 2.7, except that enclosure meshing may be omitted where—
(a) the hoist platform is provided with guardrailing and gates as specified in
Clause 3.5.4.4;
(b) base level guardrailing complying with Clause 3.5.9 is provided; and
(c) all landings and other defined areas (see Clause 3.5.9 and AS 2550.7) are provided
with protective meshing complying with AS 2550.7.
3.5.10.2 Dimensions
Where the clearance between the enclosure infill and any moving part of the hoist is less
than 100 mm, the size of opening of the infill shall be not greater than 10 mm.
The minimum clearance between any part of the enclosure and all moving parts of the hoist
shall be not less than 25 mm.

NOTE: This clearance is affected by the lateral defection and movement of the platform, bucket
and other moving objects.
3.5.10.3 Resistance to deflection
Each side of the enclosure shall be capable of withstanding a force of 300 N applied normal
to the side at its geometric centre without the deflection exceeding 25 mm.
3.5.11 Overhead protection for operator
Where the hoist operator controls the hoist at the hoist, a guard shall be provided above the
operating position. Where pendant controls are used at a distance of less than 3 m from the
normal operating position adjacent to the hoist, additional overhead protection shall be
provided. The guard shall be capable of withstanding a uniformly distributed load of at least
5 kPa. The size of opening of an infill, if used, shall be not greater than wires at 25 mm
centres. Pendant controls shall only be used where the operator is in full view of the hoist or
height indicator.
3.5.12 Hoist-motion limit
Each materials hoist shall be fitted with an upper hoist-motion limit complying with the
requirements specified in AS 1418.1 for a final-limit switch. Actuator wire rope for upper
hoist-motion limit shall not be rigidly fixed at the masthead. The connection shall be fitted
to allow upward movement should contact be made by the hoist.
3.6 INSTALLATION
3.6.1 Footings and foundation
The hoist shall be erected on footings in accordance with AS 2550.7.
3.6.2 Guys
Where a hoist tower is stabilized by guying, the guys should be fully designed for the
intended application. If not, they shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) Guy ropes shall comply with the requirements of AS 1418.1 for guy ropes, and the
diameter of the ropes shall be not less than the following:
(i) 8 mm for hoists up to 500 kg.
COPYRIGHT
19 AS 1418.7—1999
(ii) 10 mm for hoists between 500 kg and 1000 kg.

(iii) 13 mm for hoists greater than 1000 kg.
(b) Not less than four guy ropes shall be attached to the tower at each position of lateral
support.
(c) In plan view, the guys shall align with all sides or the diagonals of the tower
cross-section.
(d) The angle between each guy and vertical shall be not less than 30°.
(e) The height of a guyed tower aboveground or above the topmost tie to a building or
structure shall not exceed 18 m.
3.6.3 Receiving hopper
Except where due allowance has been made in the design of the hoist structure to support
the hopper and its load, the receiving hopper for a concrete skip hoist shall be supported by
the building or structure served by the hoist.
3.7 MARKING
Each materials hoist, concrete skip hoist and jib attachment shall display, in a prominent
location and on permanent and legible notices, the following information where
appropriate:
(a) Name or mark of the manufacturer or distributor of the hoist.
(b) Model designation of the hoist.
(c) Owner’s identification number of the hoist.
(d) The load rating (see Clause 3.2)—
(i) at the hoist tower adjacent to the principal loading and unloading position;
(ii) on the platform; and
(iii) at the operator’s normal operating position.
(e) A notice stating ‘PERSONNEL SHALL NOT RIDE ON THIS HOIST’—
(i) at the hoist tower adjacent to the principal loading and unloading position; and
(ii) on the platform.
(f) Rope and reeving details, at the driving machine—
(i) size, grade, construction, lay and maximum operating length of rope or ropes;
and
(ii) reeving diagram indicating direction of rope winding on drum and minimum
distance from winding drum to rope-deflection sheaves.
(g) For rack-and-pinion hoists, the last time the safety device was calibrated and the
scheduled date of the calibration.
3.8 TESTING
3.8.1 Tests
The quality of design, as defined in AS/NZS ISO 8402, of each custom-made hoist and of
each model of production hoist shall be verified by the type test in Clause 3.8.2.
For production hoists, the type test shall be conducted on one or more production units
within the manufacturer’s specifications and shall be of sufficient height to enable
verification of all relevant design features.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 20
3.8.2 Type test

3.8.2.1 No-load test
The hoist shall be operated under conditions of no load and full speed and shall comply
(a) When operated at full speed up and down, the hoisting speed (raising and lowering)
shall not exceed the rated hoisting speed (see Clause 3.2) by more than 10%.
(b) The upper hoist-motion limit (see Clause 3.5.12) and the lower hoist-motion limit,
where provided, shall comply with the requirements specified in AS 1418.1 for limit
switches.
(c) The slack-rope switch, where provided, shall comply with Clause 4.5.13.2.
(d) Overrun clearance shall comply with Clause 3.5.5.
(e) At each level—
(i) the landing gate interlocking and signalling system shall function in accordance
with Clause 3.5.7; and
(ii) the height indicator shall correctly indicate the level.
3.8.2.2 Rated load test
The hoist shall be operated under conditions of rated load (see Clause 3.3.1) and maximum
speed and shall comply with the requirements of Clause 3.8.2.1(a) to (e) inclusive.
3.8.3 Overload test
The hoist shall be loaded under static conditions to 1.25 times the rated load (see
Clause 3.3.1). No slippage of brakes or movement of the transmission shall occur.
3.8.4 On site tests
Hoists shall be subjected to the appropriate tests outlined in AS 2550.7 prior to being used
and at the intervals specified by that Standard.
COPYRIGHT
21 AS 1418.7—1999
S E CT I ON 4 PE RS ONNE L AND M AT E RI ALS

HOI S T S
4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION

This Section applies to builders’ hoists and associated equipment utilized for the transport
of personnel as well as for the handling of construction materials, tools and equipment.
4.2 LOAD RATING

Each personnel and materials hoist shall be rated in terms of—
(a) rated capacity—
(i) materials—in kilograms or tonnes;
(ii) persons—number of persons; or
(iii) materials — in kilograms, and number of persons, at 80 kg per person, rated in
accordance with the requirements of AS 1735.2 for capacity of car, floor area
and classes of loads;
4.3 LOADS
4.3.1 Gravitational loads
Gravitational loads shall be the static gravitational forces due to each part of the hoist and
hoist-supporting structure and other similar forces applied to the hoist or part of hoist under
consideration.
4.3.2 Inertial loads
Inertial loads shall be the inertial forces due to the acceleration or deceleration of moving
parts of the hoist and its load.
4.3.3 Incidental forces
Wind-loading forces, thermal effects, and other incidental loadings shall be determined in
accordance with the relevant requirements of AS 1418.1.
4.3.4 Loading due to operation of safety gear
Inertial-effect loadings due to operation of safety gear shall be determined in accordance
with AS 1735.2, for free-fall (PIF ) and overspeed (PIO) conditions of acceleration αSG and
loadings W V and W W,
where
PIF = inertial-effect loading due to the operation of safety gear under free-fall
conditions of acceleration αSG and loadings W V and W W
NOTE: WV does not include the mass of the hoist ropes and counterweights under
these circumstances.
PIO = inertial-effect loading due to the operation of safety gear under overspeed
conditions of acceleration αSG and loadings W V and W W
WV = mass of those parts of the hoist which move vertically (e.g. car,
counterweight hoist ropes (see Note to PIF ))
WW = mass of rated capacity
αSG = rate of deceleration from rational analysis or as specified in AS 1735.2,
for the type of safety gear used
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 22
4.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

The hoist and hoist-supporting structure shall be designed to withstand the application of
the vector combination of the loadings specified in AS 1418.1 which produces the highest
stress condition in the part of the hoist or supporting structure under consideration.
4.5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

4.5.1 Design
The design of a personnel and materials hoist shall comply with Section 2 and this Clause
as appropriate.
4.5.2 Mechanism
4.5.2.1 Mechanism design
The mechanism that drives the hoisting motion shall comply with the requirements for
crane mechanisms in AS 1418.1.
4.5.2.2 Design life of mechanism
The design life of the mechanism shall comply with the requirements of Clause 3.5.2.2.
4.5.2.3 Rack-and-pinion hydraulically driven
The brake shall remain in the applied position until the pump operates at the normal
operating pressure and the movement of the cage is initiated.
When the drive pinion is driven by an hydraulic motor, the braking system shall be released
either electrically or hydraulically.
Each pump or group of pumps shall be equipped with a relief valve conforming to the
following requirements:
(a) The relief valve shall be located between the pump and the check valve and shall be
of such a type and so installed in a bypass connection that the valve cannot be
isolated from the hydraulic system.
(b) The relief valve shall be set to open at a pressure not greater than 125% of the full
load pressure of the pump.
(c) The size of a relief valve and bypass shall be sufficient to pass the maximum rated
capacity of the pump without raising the pressure by more than 20% above that at
which the valve opens. Two or more relief valves may be used to obtain the required
capacity.
(d) Relief valves having exposed pressure adjustments, if used, shall have their means of
adjustment sealed after being set to the correct pressure.
For hydraulic rams, rigid pipes shall comply with AS 1735.3.
An interlock shall be provided to prevent upward movement of the cage, unless the pump
operates at the normal operating pressure.
The hydraulic system shall be capable of being drained.
Means shall be provided to facilitate checking the level of the hydraulic fluid in the tank.
4.5.3 Rope-reeving system
The rope-reeving system of each hoist-driving mechanism shall comply with the
requirements of AS 1418.1 and with the following requirements:
(a) The hoisting and counterweight ropes shall be not less than 9 mm in diameter.
COPYRIGHT
23 AS 1418.7—1999
(b) The static design load on the rope shall be not greater than the minimum breaking
load of the rope divided by—
(i) 10, for hoisting and counterweight ropes; or
(ii) 5, for compensating ropes.
(c) The number of suspension ropes shall be not less than—
(i) 3, for a traction driving machine;
(ii) 2, for a winding-drum driving machine; or
(iii) 2, for a counterweight balanced machine.
(d) The diameter of drums and sheaves measured between the roots of the rope groove
shall be not less than 40 times the diameter of the rope.
(e) Except where the rope is attached to a drum, rope terminations shall be effected by
hand splicing in accordance with AS 2759 or by swaged ferrule or wedge-type socket.
(f) Where swaged ferrules are applied, they shall comply with Appendix C.
4.5.4 Car
4.5.4.1 Floor loading
The load platform of the car shall be designed to withstand each of the following loadings
separately (ignoring inertial effects):

(a) The gravitational effect of the rated load uniformly distributed over each half of the
floor area (i.e. front half, rear half, side halves).
handle but not less than 1130 N in an area 300 mm × 300 mm (or 0.09 m2) acting
anywhere on the platform.
4.5.4.2 Load-platform sill loading
The load-platform sill shall be designed to withstand each of the following loadings
separately (ignoring inertial effects):
(a) The gravitational effect of 25% of the rated load concentrated at the centre of the sill.
handle but not less than 1130 N.
4.5.4.3 Car enclosure
The car shall be built on a metal frame and shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) The car shall be fully enclosed by the floor, sides, top and doors, and shall have an
unobstructed height within the car and entrances of 2 m measured from areas of the
floor of the car that are intended for carriage of personnel.
(b) The sides of the car shall be faced with sheet metal or close-boarded timber from the
floor to a height not less than 1.2 m. Size of opening shall not exceed 10 mm.
(c) The doors and sides above the solid facing of the car shall be faced with—
(i) mesh of wire diameter not less than 3 mm, the size of opening of which shall
reject a 32 mm diameter ball, and any aperture of which shall have a major
diagonal dimension not more than 45 mm; or
(ii) material of equivalent strength and enclosing characteristics (e.g. expanded
metal, poly-carbonate sheet);
except that where the distance from the facing surface to any object outside the car,
which moves relative to it, is less than 100 mm, the distance between the sides of
openings in the mesh or other material shall reject a 10 mm diameter ball and any
aperture shall have a major diagonal dimension of not more than 13 mm.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 24
(d) The car enclosure, including the doors in the closed position and the roof, shall be
capable of withstanding a force of 1 kN over 0.10 m2 applied normal to the geometric
centre of the surface with a deflection not greater than 25 mm. The roof of the car
shall also be capable of withstanding a load of 2.5 kPa evenly distributed.
(e) A car roof trapdoor hinged to open upward and interlocked with the control circuit
shall be provided. The trapdoor opening shall have an area not less than 0.25 m2.
(f) The roof of the car shall be solid sheeted and faced with a non-slip surface.
4.5.4.4 Car door
The car door shall be of construction complying with Clause 4.5.4.3 and shall comply with
the following requirements:
(a) The door shall have an effective latch to retain it in the closed position (see
Clause 4.5.9).
(b) The doorway shall be not less than 2 m in height and when the door is open, the
doorway opening should extend to the complete internal width of the car.
(c) The door shall not protrude beyond the vertical plan perimeter of the car.
(d) Where the door slides vertically, it shall be guided at each side. The weight of the
door shall be counterbalanced. Where counterweights are used, they shall be enclosed
within a guide and supported by a wire rope or equivalent.

(e) Where the door is of solid construction it shall be fitted with a vision panel filled with
mesh of wire diameter not less than 2.5 mm and size of opening with the distance
between openings not greater than 10 mm, or with a vision panel of equivalent
strength.
4.5.4.5 Retention on guiderails
Each hoist shall be designed so that the car and counterweights remain on the guiderails in
the event of failure of any guide shoe, roller bearing, guide roller shaft or suspension.
4.5.5 Car and counterweight guides
The guides for the car and counterweights shall comply with the relevant requirements of
AS 1735.2, except that material shapes other than tee (T) sections may be used.
4.5.6 Overrun clearances
4.5.6.1 Rope-driven hoists
Top overrun clearances for the car and counterweights shall comply with the relevant
requirements of AS 1735.2.
4.5.6.2 Rack-and-pinion hoists
Top overrun clearance for a rack-and-pinion hoist shall comply with the requirements of
Clause 3.5.5.2.
4.5.6.3 Buffers and pits
The buffer and pit requirements for rope-driven hoists and rack and pinion hoists shall
comply with the relevant requirements of AS 1735.2 for buffers and stops, and for pits.
A clearance of not less than 600 mm shall be provided between the underside of the car and
the floor of the pit when the car is landed with the buffers fully compressed.
4.5.7 Safety gear and governor
4.5.7.1 Provision of safety gear
All personnel and material hoists shall be provided with safety gear complying with
Clause 2.9, Clauses 4.5.7.2 to 4.5.7.11 and the relevant requirements of AS 1735.2.
COPYRIGHT
25 AS 1418.7—1999
4.5.7.2 Rope-suspended hoists

A speed governor complying with AS 1735.2 shall be provided to operate the safety gear on
rope-suspended hoists.
4.5.7.3 Rack-and-pinion hoists
Safety gear and overspeed governor(s) complying with the following requirements shall be
provided on rack and pinion hoists:
(a) The safety device shall be capable of stopping and holding the car and rated load under
free-fall and overspeed conditions.
(b) The safety gear shall be actuated by a governor operated from a freely rotating shaft driven by
a pinion engaging with the stationary rack on the hoist mast or by other suitable means.
(c) The safety device shall be attached to the car frame or its supporting structure and shall
operate on the rack or on a pair of guiderails.
(d) The safety gear shall be of the gradual type employing either a constant or progressive
retardation force and shall stop the car within a distance of 1630 mm measured from the
position at which the governor trips. The minimum stopping distance shall not be less than
that required in AS 1735.2.
(e) The safety gear shall not stop an ascending car or counterweight.
4.5.7.4 Safety gear and governor marking

A metal plate shall be securely attached to each safety gear so that the plate will be readily
visible. It shall be marked in a legible and permanent manner with letters and figures not
less than 5 mm in height indicating the following:
(a) The maximum speed in metres per second for which the safety gear may be used.
(b) The manufacturer and serial number of the safety gear.
(c) The re-test date of the safety gear.
Any means of adjustment on the safety gear and governor shall be fitted with a seal.
4.5.7.5 Counterweights
Where a counterweight would not land either on solid earth or an abutment to solid earth, it
shall be provided with safety gear and a safety gear switch of a type complying with
AS 1735.2 actuated by a governor arranged to trip at an overspeed greater than that of the
car speed governor but not exceeding the overspeed trip setting of the car speed governor
by more than 10%.
4.5.7.6 Protection against weather
Safety gear and speed governors shall be effectively protected from weather or shall be
capable of effective operation under the weather conditions in which the hoist operates.
They shall also be protected from accumulations of concrete spatter or other materials
which would hinder proper operation.
4.5.7.7 Prevention of damage to guides
Operation of the safety gear shall not damage the car or counterweight guides to the degree
where subsequent operation of the hoist would be affected.
4.5.7.8 Release of safety devices
The release of safety devices shall be effected—
(a) by upward movement of the car after an overspeed governor, located remote from the
car, has been reset; or
(b) where an overspeed governor is located on the car, from the car by the use of special
tools.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 26
4.5.7.9 Opening of brake and motor control circuits on safety application

The safety gear shall be provided with a switch which shall positively open the control
circuit and stop the hoist should the safety gear operate. Safety gear switches shall be of the
type that does not reset unless the safety gear has been returned to the ‘off’ position by a
competent person.
4.5.7.10 Application of car safety device
A car safety device that depends upon the completion or maintenance of an electric circuit
for the application of the safety shall not be used. Car safety devices shall be applied
mechanically.
4.5.7.11 Allowable stresses for design of safety gear and rope connections
Allowable stresses for the design of safety gear and any associated rope connections shall
comply with AS 1418.1.
4.5.8 Landings
4.5.8.1 Provision of landings
A landing or landing platform complying with Clauses 4.5.8.2 to 4.5.8.6 shall be provided
at each loading and unloading station.
NOTE: Part of the building or structure serviced by the hoist may be utilized for the purpose.
4.5.8.2 Floor load
The landing, or the building or structure used as the landing, shall be designed to withstand
each of the following loadings separately (ignoring inertial effects):
(a) The gravitational effect of the largest uniformly distributed loading intended to be
stacked on the landing or 5 kPa, whichever is the greater.
handle.
4.5.8.3 Landing-sill loading
The landing sill shall be designed to withstand the same loading as that specified for the
load-platform sill of the car (see Clause 4.5.4.2).
4.5.8.4 Sill clearance
When the car is at the landing, the horizontal distance between the sill of the landing and
the sill of the car platform shall be not greater than 50 mm without a drop flap or shall not
be greater than 150 mm with a drop flap.
4.5.8.5 Landing gates
A landing gate (with infill) capable of being latched in the closed position shall be provided
at each landing including base level, and shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) The gate shall be of a construction that complies with the requirements specified for
guardrailing (see Clause 2.7).
(b) The gate shall—
(i) not be readily detachable;
(ii) be not less than 2 m in height; and
(iii) when opened, have the gate opening extend the full width of the car door.
(c) When the gate is closed, the distance between the gate and the landing sill shall be
not greater than 150 mm, measured horizontally.
COPYRIGHT
27 AS 1418.7—1999
(d) Where the gate is hinged, it shall not be able to close such that the gate protrudes past
the landing sill.
(e) Where the gate slides horizontally, it shall be supported by a top-guide track and shall
be guided at the bottom to retain it in correct alignment.
(f) Where the gate slides vertically, it shall be guided at each end. The weight of the gate
shall be counterbalanced at each end by a counterweight enclosed within a guide and
supported by a wire rope.
(g) The minimum distance from the underside of the landing gate to the top of the
landing sill shall not exceed 25 mm, measured vertically.
4.5.9 Landing-gate and car-door mechanical locks and electrical interlocks
Each landing gate and each car door shall be fitted with a mechanical locking device
electrically interlocked into the controls, complying with the following requirements:
(a) The lock shall be totally enclosed, metal clad, and of the fail-safe type. Only
weatherproof locks shall be used in positions exposed to the weather.
(b) Each lock shall be securely mounted by means of bolts to a metal plate that is part of
the structure of the gate or door.
(c) The lock on the landing gate shall be capable of being operated by key from the
landing side. The key for the lock shall be accessible only to a competent person.
Where a hoist car has a door on a side of the car not enclosed for the full travel of the hoist,
a mechanical locking device, electrically interlocked into the controls, shall be provided on
the car door so that the car door cannot be opened from within the car, unless the car is
within a maximum of 250 mm of the landing.
4.5.10 Base level enclosure
Every hoist, other than a hoist provided with a full hoist enclosure as specified in
Clause 4.5.11, shall have the base area enclosed on all sides, except at gate openings, to a
height not less than 2.4 m, with infill complying with Clauses 2.7 and 4.5.11. The enclosure
shall comply with Clause 4.5.11 and the base level landing gate shall comply with
Clause 4.5.8.5.
NOTE: The enclosure may be self-supporting.
4.5.11 Hoist enclosures
4.5.11.1 Provision of enclosure
The tower of each tower hoist shall be enclosed on all sides, except at gate openings, for the
full height of the tower up to a level 2.4 m above the topmost landing level, with infill
complying with Clause 2.7, provided that the enclosure meshing may be omitted where—
(a) a base level enclosure complying with Clause 4.5.10 is provided; and
(b) all landings and other defined areas (see Clause 4.5.10 and AS 2550.7) are provided with
protective meshing complying with AS 2550.7.
4.5.11.2 Dimensions
Where the clearance between the enclosure infill and any moving part of the hoist is less
than 100 mm, the size of opening of the infill shall be not greater than 10 mm.
The minimum clearance between any part of the enclosure and all moving parts of the hoist
shall be not less than 25 mm.
NOTE: This clearance is affected by the lateral deflection and movement of the platform,
counterweight and other moving parts.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 28
4.5.11.3 Resistance to deflection

Each side of the enclosure shall be capable of withstanding a force of 300 N applied at any
point on the enclosure without the deflection exceeding 25 mm.
4.5.12 Additional enclosures
Where the safe operation of the hoist could be jeopardized by the operation of other lifting
equipment, by the location or handling of materials, or by the presence or activities of
personnel as specified in AS 2550.7, additional enclosures, complying with this
Clause (4.5.12), shall be provided in appropriate positions.
4.5.13 Hoist control
Hoisting motion shall be controlled only by the controls within the car. Provision shall be
made to enable control of the hoist by the following means:
(a) From within the car—
(i) a car switch, fitted with a mechanical device to prevent inadvertent operation,
which returns automatically to the stop position when released; or
(ii) constant-pressure push-button control switches shrouded to obviate inadvertent
operation with a manual-reset emergency-stop push-button switch.
(b) From the roof of the car for use by maintenance and erection personnel only—
(i) constant-pressure push-button control switches shrouded to obviate inadvertent

operation with a manual-reset emergency-stop push-button switch; and
(ii) a switch which, when operated, ensures that the movement of the car shall be
solely under the control of the control device in Item (b)(i).
When the hoist is controlled from the roof of the car, the hoisting (raising and lowering)
speed shall be not greater than 0.7 m/s.
4.5.14 Terminal limit switches and devices
4.5.14.1 Terminal stopping devices
Terminal stopping devices complying with the relevant requirements of AS 1735.2 shall be
provided and shall be of weatherproof construction where the device will be exposed to the
weather.
4.5.14.2 Slack-rope device
Each winding-drum driving machine shall be provided with a slack-rope device equipped
with a slack-rope switch of the enclosed manual-reset type, which shall disconnect the
power to the driving machine when any of the hoisting ropes becomes slack.
Each traction-driving machine shall be fitted with a slack-rope device which will stop the
cage in the event of hoisting ropes or compensation-rope systems becoming slack.
Each machine with a flying counterweight shall be fitted with a slack-rope device which
will stop the cage in the event of the connecting ropes becoming slack or displaced from
their normal operation position.
4.5.15 Enclosure of machinery and controls
Machinery and controls shall be enclosed for purposes of weather protection and prevention
of access by persons not involved in the normal operation and maintenance of the hoist.
The enclosures shall—
(a) be lockable, the locks being capable of being opened from inside without the use of a
key;
(b) have an access notice complying with Clause 4.7; and
(c) permit access with a minimum of 80 lux illumination and minimum headroom
clearance of 2 m for maintenance personnel.
COPYRIGHT
29 AS 1418.7—1999
4.5.16 Counterweights
Counterweights shall be constructed with a steel frame and be designed to hold the ballast
firmly in position. Liquid or fine-particle ballast, e.g. sand, shall not be used.
4.6 INSTALLATION
4.6.1 Footings
The hoist shall be erected on footings in accordance with AS 2550.7
4.6.2 Electrical installation
4.6.2.1 General
All wiring outside the machinery enclosure or car shall be PVC-insulated stranded
conductors enclosed in PVC flexible conduit or other suitable enclosure to provide
protection from weather and from mechanical damage. All metal sheathing and armouring
of cables and metal boxes, accessories and devices shall be electrically continuous and
earthed. All earthing conductors shall terminate at a common point.
4.6.2.2 Control circuit wiring
The control circuit wiring shall be arranged and electrically protected so that in the event of
an earth fault occurring, the hoist will become inoperative. The rating of the control circuit
protection shall be clearly marked in the appropriate place.
Control wiring operating at extra-low voltage, as defined in AS 3000, shall be physically
separated, i.e. in a separate conduit, from wiring operating at a higher voltage, except where
the wiring conductors are insulated for the highest voltage of the other wiring.
4.6.2.3 Gate-interlock and safety circuits
Gate-interlock circuit wiring and earthing shall be at least PVC-insulated cable having
stranded conductors with earth.
Gate-interlock connections shall be prominently marked on the control panel in accordance
with the wiring diagram located in the control cabinet.
No relay or other device, which in the event of malfunction would bypass the lock or safety
circuits, shall be interposed in the gate-lock circuit.
Where they are enclosed in a common duct, gate-interlock and safety circuits wiring in the
machine room shall be double insulated.
Where mechanically locked plug-and-socket connections for adding doors to the system are
used, they shall be designed so that—
(a) they are waterproof; and
(b) they cannot be used for other applications, such as portable tools.
4.6.2.4 Lighting
Lighting shall be provided to enable operation, and maintenance of hoist car, doors, gates,
driving machinery, ancillary equipment and controls, as follows:
(a) Car lighting An electrically maintained lighting system, providing a minimum of
80 lux illumination when in use, shall be provided inside the car. A permanently
wired light or hand lamp shall be provided on the roof.
(b) Emergency car lighting Emergency internal car lighting shall be provided, which
shall operate automatically after failure of the main car lighting supply and shall
provide sufficient illumination to distinguish car controls and the alarm annunciator.
It shall provide continuous illumination for at least 2 h and have a recovery rate of at
least 50% in 8 h.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 30
4.7 MARKING
Each personnel and materials hoist shall display, in a prominent location and on permanent
and legible notices fixed by means of metal fasteners, the following information, where
appropriate:
(a) Name or mark of the manufacturer or distributor of the hoist.
(b) Model designation of the hoist.
(c) Manufacturer’s serial number of the hoist.
(d) The load rating (see Clause 4.2) in the car, in the following form:
Maximum load capacity:
Materials kg
Persons For combined loadings 1 person = 80 kg
(e) Rope and reeving details, at the driving machine—
(i) size, grade, construction, lay and maximum operating length of rope or ropes;
and
(ii) reeving diagram indicating direction of rope winding on drum and minimum
distance from winding drum to rope-deflection sheaves.
Where the driving mechanism is enclosed within a machine room to prevent operation by
personnel not involved in the normal operation or maintenance of the hoists (see
Clause 4.5.15), a permanent, legible notice, stating in prominent lettering ‘ENTRY OF
UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS IS PROHIBITED’, shall be attached to the outside face of the
door of the machine room.
4.8 TESTING
4.8.1 Tests
The quality of design as defined in AS/NZS ISO 8402, of each custom-made hoist and of
each model of production hoist shall be verified by the type test in Clause 4.8.2.
For production hoists, the type test shall be conducted on one or more production units
within the manufacturer's specifications and of sufficient height to enable verification of all
relevant design features.
4.8.2 Type test
4.8.2.1 No-load test
The hoist shall be operated under conditions of no load and full speed and shall comply
(a) When operated at full speed up and down, the hoisting speed (raising and lowering)
shall not exceed the rated hoisting speed (see Clause 4.2) by more than 10%.
(b) All safety and isolating devices shall be tested for function.
(c) The upper and lower final limits shall comply with Clause 4.5.13.1.
(d) The slack-rope switch, where provided, shall comply with Clause 4.5.13.2.
(e) Overrun clearance shall comply with Clause 4.5.6.
(f) The emergency isolation shall function in accordance with the relevant requirements
of AS 1418.1.
(g) The car-roof trapdoor electrical interlock shall comply with the requirements of
Clause 4.5.4.3(e).
(h) At each level, the landing-gate and car-door interlocking system shall function in
accordance with Clause 4.5.9.
COPYRIGHT
31 AS 1418.7—1999
4.8.2.2 Rated capacity load test

The hoist shall be operated under conditions of rated load (see Clause 4.2) and full speed
and shall comply with the requirements of Clauses 4.8.2.1(a) to (f) inclusive. Safety gear
shall also comply with Clause 4.5.7 under free-fall conditions.
4.8.2.3 Overload test
The hoist with a single drive system shall be loaded, under static conditions, to 1.25 times
the rated load (see Clause 4.2). No slippage of brakes nor movement of the transmission
shall occur. Brakes shall not be released for the purposes of this test.
Where a hoist has two or more equally sharing drive systems with each incorporating its
own brake, the hoist shall be loaded, under static conditions, to 1.25 times the rated load,
and with the release of each single brake one at a time, the other brake(s) shall sustain the
load without slippage of brake or movement of the transmission.
4.8.2.4 Buffer test
Buffers shall comply with the acceptance tests of buffers specified in AS 1735.10.
4.8.3 On site tests
Hoists shall be subjected to the appropriate tests outlined in AS 2550.7 prior to being used
and at the intervals specified by that Standard.
4.9 COMMUNICATIONS
An effective alarm system operable from inside the hoist car shall be provided for an
occupant of the car to attract attention in the event of an emergency.
An effective communication system shall be provided between each landing served and the
hoist operator.
4.10 EMERGENCY OPERATION AND ACCESS

Provision shall be made in the design, construction and operation of personnel and
materials hoists for emergency operation of the hoist when required, and for the release of
persons trapped in the hoist by malfunction of the hoist or other cause.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 32
APPENDIX A
INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER
(Informative)
When tendering for the supply of a builders’ hoist, the hoist manufacturer or supplier
should supply the following information to the enquirer:
(a) Type of hoist: materials hoist, concrete skip hoist or personnel and materials hoist;
cantilever or tower and, where applicable, auxiliary equipment.
(b) An outline of the hoist giving overall dimensions, overall height, height of lift, height
of guides to highest working position of the platform or car, dimensions, and loading
details of doors, door openings and protective enclosures, clearance diagram around
the hoist, and similar information.
(c) Details of performance of hoist and, where applicable, auxiliary equipment, i.e.
(i) load rating (see Clause 3.2 or Clause 4.2);
(ii) hoisting speed or speeds—raising and lowering;
(iii) method of control; and

(iv) signalling.
(d) Information relevant to the design of hoist supporting structure, i.e.
(i) static loads;
(ii) foundation loads;
(iii) tie loads;
(iv) nature of support structure;
(v) method of extending or shortening hoist; and
(vi) bracing—type and spacing.
(e) Information relevant to electrical supply of hoist, i.e.
(i) where electric powered—
(A) rated voltage, number of phases, a.c. or d.c. of each motor;
(B) power rating of each motor;
(C) power consumption of auxiliary equipment (e.g. lighting, heating); and
(D) starting current—full load.
(ii) where not electric powered—
(A) type of power unit;
(B) torque/speed curves (if applicable); and
(C) power transmission equipment to hoist drive.
(f) Special requirements of installation, e.g.—
(i) conditions at site;
(ii) facilities for erecting and dismantling;
(iii) qualifications of operators.
(g) Safety gear: type and leading details (personnel and materials hoist).
COPYRIGHT
33 AS 1418.7—1999
APPENDIX B
LIST OF TYPICAL HAZARDS
(Informative)
This Appendix lists the typical hazards of which a designer should be aware when
designing a builders hoist. Other potential hazards, which are not shown, may exist. This
list is for information only and is not exhaustive. The following hazards are applicable in
the situations described and could involve risks to persons if not reduced or eliminated:
(a) Mechanical hazards These can include the following:
(i) Crushing.
(ii) Shearing.
(iii) Cutting or serving.
(iv) Entanglement.
(v) Drawing-in or trapping.
(vi) Impact.
(vii) High pressure fluid ejection.
(viii) Ejection of parts.
(ix) Loss of stability.
(x) Slip, trip and fall.
(xi) Hazards to exposed persons due to uncontrolled movement.
(xii) Hazards due to rolling over.
(xiii) Inadequate means of access.
(b) Electrical hazards These can consist of the following:
(i) Electrical contact.
(ii) Reverse polarity effects on brake and drive systems.
(iii) Awareness that polarity can be altered at any time by people out of sight of the
MCWP.
(c) Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design These can
include the following:
(i) Unhealthy posture or excessive effort.
(ii) Inadequate consideration of human hand/arm or foot/leg anatomy.
(d) Hazard combinations
(e) Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breaking down of machinery parts and
other functional disorders These can include the following:
(i) Failure of energy supply.
(ii) Failure of malfunction of control system.
(iii) Errors of fitting.
(iv) Overturning and unexpected loss of machine stability.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 34
(f) Hazards caused by missing or incorrectly positioned safety-related measures/

means These can include the following:
(i) Guards.
(ii) Safety-related (protection) devices.
(iii) Starting and stopping devices.
(iv) Safety signs and signals.
(v) Information or warning devices.
(vi) Energy supply disconnecting devices.
(vii) Emergency devices.
(viii) Essential equipment and accessories for safe adjustment or maintenance.
(g) Hazards due to inadequate lighting of moving/working area.
(h) Hazards caused by lighting.
(i) Hazards due to sudden movement, instability, or similar during handling.
(j) Inadequate/non-ergonomic design of operating position These can include the
following:
(i) Inadequate visibility from operator’s position.

(ii) Starting/moving of self-propelled machinery.
(iii) Dangerous environments (e.g. contact with moving parts and exhaust gases).
(iv) Inadequate/non-ergonomic design/positioning of controls.
(k) Hazard due to lifting operations These can include the following:
(i) Lack of stability.
(ii) Derailment of machinery.
(iii) Loss of mechanical strength of machinery and lifting accessories.
(iv) Hazards caused by uncontrolled movement.
(v) Inadequate view of trajectories of the moving parts.
(vi) Hazards due to loading/over-loading.
(l) Hazards to persons lifted by MCWPA These can include the following:
(i) Overloading or overcrowding of the cage.
(ii) Unexpected movement of the cage in response to external controls or other
movement of the machine.
(iii) Excess speed.
(iv) Persons falling from cage.
(v) Falling or over-turning cage.
(vi) Excess acceleration or braking of the cage.
(vii) Hazards due to imprecise markings.
COPYRIGHT
35 AS 1418.7—1999
APPENDIX C
WROUGHT ALUMINIUM ALLOY FERRULES
(BASED ON DIN 3093.1 AND DIN 3093.2)
(Normative)
C1 SCOPE
This Appendix applies to extruded flat oval tubing with constant wall thickness and ferrule
blanks No 2.5 to No. 60 manufactured therefrom, in accordance with to Table C1.
Ferrule blanks in accordance with this Appendix shall be used in swage joints on cable
made of steel with a maximum strength of 1960 N/mm.
Swaged ferrules complying with DIN 3093.3 and 3093.2 are deemed to comply with this
Appendix.
NOTE: Requirements for aluminium ferrules are included in this Standard as a temporary
measure. When these requirements are removed, a reference will be inserted in this Standard to
maintain the requirement for compliance with them.
C2 TYPES OF FERRULES
Figure C1 shows Type A, B and C ferrule joints with a thimble. Rounded or conical ends
shall not face the loop side. A ferrule joint may include a thimble.
d1 = diameter of the pressed ferrule measured within the 120° angle.
d2 = remaining diameter of the face of the rounded ferrule end.
Where a thimble is used, it shall comply with AS 1138.
FIGURE C1 SWAGED FERRULE TYPES
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 36
C3 DESIGNATION
Flat oval tube and ferrule blanks (Types A and B)
See Figure C2 for designation of dimensions of ferrule blanks as specified in Table C1.
Example:
Designation of a flat oval tube (F) for the production of the ferrules No. 20 for a cylindrical
or cylindrically rounded swage joint:
Tube F20
Type A ferrule blanks are cylindrical and Type B ferrule blanks are cylindrical with
rounded edges.
Designation of a ferrule No. 28 for a Type A or Type B ferrule blank.
Ferrule F28
FIGURE C2 FERRULE BLANK
Ferrules for the preparation of cylindrical-conical swage joints (Type C)

See Figure C3 for designation of dimensions of ferrule blanks with conical extension.
The manufacturer may select the form of the conical extension. However, it shall be
manufactured such as to ensure stable, level positioning of the ferrule blank in the swageing
tool prior to and during the swageing process. An opening shall be provided in the wall of
the blank to allow inspection of the position of the dead rope end in the finished swage
joint.
FIGURE C3 FERRULE BLANK WITH CONICAL EXTENSION

COPYRIGHT
37 AS 1418.7—1999
C4 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES

The dimensions and tolerances shown in Table C1 shall apply to flat oval tubes (with the
exception of dimension l) and ferrule blanks according to Clause C2.1 as well as for the
cylindrical part of the blanks according to Clause C2.2.
TABLE C1
a b Max. l
deviation
Allo wable Calculated
Ferrule of mean
Wall difference weight of
No. Toler- Toler- wall Toler-
thickness in wall 1000
ance ance thickness ance
F S thickness pieces in
limits limits from nom.
u limits kg *
_size
S – S
2.5 2.7 +0.2 5.4 +0.2 1.05 ±0.04 0.09 9 +0.2 0.499
3 3.3 0 6.6 0 1.25 ±0.04 0.12 11 −0.5 0.843
3.5 3.8 7.6 1.5 ±0.05 0.13 13 1.32
4 4.4 +0.2 8.8 +0.2 1.7 ±0.05 0.15 14 +0.2 1.81

−0.5
4.5 4.9 0 9.8 0 1.9 ±0.06 0.17 16 2.61

5 5.5 11.0 2.1 ±0/06 0.19 18 3.57
6 6.6 ±0.15 13.2 ±0.15 2.5 ±0.08 0.22 21 +0.2 5.86

6.5 7.2 14.4 2.7 ±0.08 0.24 23 −0.05 7.55
7 7.8 15.6 2.9 ±0.09 0.26 25 9.53
8 8.8 ±0.2 17.6 ±0.2 3.3 ±0.10 0.29 28 +0.5 13.7

9 9.9 19.8 3.7 ±0.11 0.33 32 −1 19.8
10 10.9 21.8 4.1 ±0.12 0.37 35 26.4
11 12.1 ±0.3 24.2 ±0.3 4.5 ±0.13 0.41 39 +0.5 35.8

12 13.2 26.4 4.9 ±0.15 0.44 42 −1 45.8
13 14.2 28.4 5.4 ±0.16 0.48 46 59.7
14 15.3 ±0.3 30.6 ±0.3 5.8 ±0.17 0.52 49 +0.5 73.5

16 17.5 35 6.7 ±0.20 0.57 56 −1 111
18 19.6 39.2 7.6 ±0.23 0.61 63 159
20 21.7 ±0.3 43.4 ±0.3 8.4 ±0.25 0.64 70 +0.7 217

22 24.3 48.6 9.2 ±0.28 0.67 77 −1.5 292
24 26.4 ±0.4 52.8 ±0.4 10 ±0.30 0.70 84 376
26 28.5 ±0.4 57 ±0.4 10.9 ±0.32 0.74 91 +0.7 481

28 31 62 11.7 ±0.33 0.77 98 −1.5 603
32 35.2 70.4 13.4 ±0.37 0.87 112 897
36 39.8 ±0.4 79.6 ±0.4 15 ±0.40 0.98 126 +0.7 1275

40 44 88 16.6 ±0.43 1.08 140 −1.5 1734
44 48.4 96.8 ±0.05 18.3 ±0.46 1.19 154 2314
48 52.8 ±0.4 105.6 ±0.05 20.0 ±0.5 1.3 168 +0.7 3010
52 57.2 114.4 21.6 ±0.54 1.4 182 −.5 3813
56 61.6 ±0.5 123.2 ±0.6 23.3 ±0.58 1.5 196 4772
60 66 ±0.5 132 ±0.8 25 ±0.63 1.6 210 +0.7 5880

−1.5
* Valid only for ferrule blanks in accordance with Clause C2.1.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 38
Wall thickness
The maximum deviation of the mean wall thickness from the nominal size and the
allowable difference in wall thickness are defined as follows:
_
(a) Maximum deviation of the mean wall thickness The mean wall thickness ( S ) is the
arithmetic mean of the maximum wall thickness (s max ) and the minimum wall
thickness (s min ) measured in the same plane normal to the tube axis, as follows:
_ s max + s min
S= . . . C1
2
_ _
The deviation of the mean wall thickness from the nominal size ( S – S ) shall lie
within the limits given in Table 1.
(b) Allowable difference in wall thickness The difference in wall thickness (u) is the
deviation of maximum or, respectively, the minimum wall thickness from the mean
wall thickness, as follows:
_ _ . . . C2
u = s max − S = S − s min
It is useful to calculate the difference in wall thickness as half the difference between
the largest and smallest wall thickness, measured in the same plane normal to the tube
axis, as follows:
s − s min
u = max . . . C3
2
The difference in wall thickness (u) shall lie within the limits given in Table C1.
Straightness of flat oval tubes
For lengths greater than 300 mm, the straightness of flat oval tubes shall be subject to a
tolerance of h1 = 4 mm/m (increasing linearly) (e.g., at l1 = 2 m, h1 = 8 mm applies).
Independently of the above requirements, any section of length l2 = 300 mm along a flat
oval tube shall be subject to a tolerance of h 2 = 2.5 mm (see Figure C4).
Twist of flat oval tubes
For flat oval tubes from No. 14 onwards, twist shall not exceed the limit of v = 2.5 mm/m.
Independently of this requirement, the limit of twist of the whole length of the tube shall
not exceed v = 6 mm (see Figure C4).
FIGURE C4 STRAIGHTNESS OF FERRULE BLANKS
COPYRIGHT
39 AS 1418.7—1999
FIGURE C5 TWIST OF FERRULE BLANKS
C5 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Composition
The alloy used shall be EN AW-5251 (EN AW-AlMg2B) as defined in EN 573-3.
Strength properties
The blanks may be extruded or annealed (at the option of the tube manufacturer). The
blanks shall have the following strength properties:
Tensile strength: ≥ 145 MPa
Yield strength: ≥ 50 MPa
Breaking elongation: ≥ 20%
Hardness: 38 to 45 HB 2.5/31.25
C6 MANUFACTURE
Flat oval tubes shall not contain any shrink cavities, laminations, inclusions, cracks or
mechanical damage.
NOTE: On principle, flat oval tubes are extruded over a mandrel and are manufactured to
commercial quality.
C7 TESTING
C7.1 General
Batch testing should be carried out to determine tensile strength and hardness.
One batch may contain tubes of common manufacturing procedure, common material,
common conditions and common thickness. It is not necessary for one batch to originate
from one melt only or from one heat treatment only.
Guidance on testing for tensile strength is given in AS 1391. Guidance on testing for Brinell
hardness is given in AS 1816.
The agent shall issue a test certificate for each of the tests.
C7.2 Batch sampling
Guidance on sample sizes is given in Table C2.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 40
TABLE C2
SAMPLE TESTING OF BATCHES
Batch Number of samples for tensile test

[kg] or hardness test
Over 100 to 500 1
Over 500 to 1000 2
Over 1000 to 2000 3
Over 2000 to 3000 4
Each additional 1000 One more sample
NOTE: For deliveries of less than 100 kg, sampling is not mandatory,
unless by special agreement.
C7.3 Additional testing

Additional testing may be carried out by an agent nominated by the purchaser. If additional
testing is to be carried out, the following agreement shall be included in the tender and
purchase order:
(a) Nomination of the agent.

(b) Type of testing to be carried out.
(c) Number of test samples (standard numbers see Table C2).
(d) Any additional requirements.
C8 MARKING
Blanks from No. 8 onwards shall be permanently marked with the ferrule number.
C9 SELECTION OF FERRULE BLANKS FOR A GIVEN ROPE

General
Ferrule blanks shall be chosen based on the rope diameter and fill factor (f ) as specified in
Table C3.
Fill factor
Fill factor (f ) is defined as follows:
∑πr i
2
f = i
πR 2
where
ri = nominal radii of each rope wire
R = nominal radius of the whole wire rope
COPYRIGHT
41 AS 1418.7—1999
C10 STANDARD DIMENSIONS FOR SWAGED FERRULES

Selection of ferrule size
Ferrule selection depends on the nominal diameter of the rope that is to be pressed, its
construction and the fill factor. The following ranges shall be distinguished:
Range X: Fill factor f ≥ 0.36 e.g. round wire cable with fibre core and one layer of
wound strands.
ferrule number = nominal wire rope diameter.
Range Y: Fill factor 0.62 ≤ f ≤ 0.78 e.g. round wire cable with steel core and multiple
layers of strand windings
The ferrule number chosen shall be one number higher than rope diameter;
for twisted ropes with fill factor 0.62 ≤ f ≤ 0.78.
Range Z: Fill factor f ≤ 0.78 e.g. open twisted ropes.
The ferrule number chosen shall be two numbers higher than nominal wire
rope diameter.
In range Z, two ferrules shall be pressed onto the rope at a distance apart
equal to twice the diameter of the rope.
Ferrules shall be selected as specified in Table C3.

General
Finished ferrule joints shall comply with Table C4.
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 42
TABLE C3
ROPE DIAMETERS
Range of Ferrule number (from Table C1)

actual rope Range X Range Y
Nominal diameter for Range Z
(e.g. cable with fibre core (e.g. cable with steel core and
rope ferrule (e.g. open
and one layer of wound multiple layers of strand
diameter, selection twisted rope)
strands) windings)
d
Fill factor (f ) Fill factor
Min. Max. Fill factor f ≥ 0.36
f ≤ 0.62 0.62 ≤ f ≤ 0.78 f ≤ 0.78
2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 3 — —

3 2.8 3.2 3 3.5 — —
3.5 3.3 3.7 3.5 4 — —
4 3.8 4.3 4 4.5 — 5
4.5 4.4 4.8 4.5 5 — 6
5 4.9 5.4 5 6 — 6.5
— 5.5 5.9 6 6.5 — 7
6 6.0 6.4 7
6.5 6.5 6.9 6.5 7 8 8
7 7.0 7.4 7 8 9 9
— 7.5 7.9 8 9 9 10
8 8.0 8.4 10
— 8.5 8.9 9 10 10 11
9 9.0 9.5 11
— 9.6 9.9 10 11 11 12
10 10.0 10.5 12
— 10.6 10.9 11 12 12 13
11 11.0 11.6 13
— 11.7 11.9 12 13 13 14
12 12.0 12.6 14
— 12.7 12.9 13 14 14 16
13 13.0 13.7 16
— 13.8 13.9 14 16 16 18
14 14.0 14.7 18
— 14.8 15.9 16 18 18 20
16 16.0 16.8 20
— 16.9 17.9 18 20 20 22
18 18.0 18.9 22
— 19.0 19.9 20 22 22 24
20 20.0 21.0 24
( continued)
COPYRIGHT
43 AS 1418.7—1999
TABLE C3 (continued)
Range of Ferrule number (from Table C1)

actual rope Range X Range Y
Nominal diameter for Range Z
(e.g. cable with fibre core (e.g. cable with steel core and
rope ferrule (e.g. open
and one layer of wound multiple layers of strand
diameter, selection twisted rope)
strands) windings)
d
Fill factor (f ) Fill factor
Min. Max. Fill factor f ≥ 0.36
f ≤ 0.62 0.62 ≤ f ≤ 0.78 f ≤ 0.78
— 21.1 21.9 22 24 24 26
22 22.0 23.1 26
— 23.2 23.9 24 26 26 28
24 24.0 25.2 28
— 25.3 25.9 26 28 28 32
26 26.0 27.3 32
— 27.4 27.9 28 32 32 36
28 28.0 29.4 36
— 29.5 31.9 32 36 36 40
32 32.0 33.6 40
— 33.7 35.9 36 40 40 44
36 36.0 37.8 44
— 37.9 39.9 40 44 44 48
40 40.0 42.0 48
— 42.1 43.9 44 48 48 52
44 44.0 46.2 52
— 46.3 47.9 48 52 52 56
48 48.0 50.4 56
— 50.5 51.9 52 56 56 60
52 52.0 54.6 60
— 54.7 55.9 56 60 —
—
56 56.0 58.8 —
— 58.9 59.9 60 — —
—
60 60.0 63.0 —
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 44
TABLE C4
DIMENSIONS OF FINISHED SWAGES
Nominal d2
Tolerance of l1 l2
size of d1 (min)Type B R
d1 (approx.) (approx.)
swage only
2.5 5 –0 +0.1 — 12 5 —
3 6 –0 +0.1 — 14 6 —
3.5 7 –0 +0.1 — 16 7 —
4 8 –0 +0.1 — 18 8 —
4.5 9 –0 +0.1 8 20 9 4.5
5 10 –0 +0.1 9 23 10 5
6 12 –0 +0.15 11 27 12 6
6.5 13 –0 +0.15 12 29 13 6.5
7 14 –0 +0.15 13 32 14 7
8 16 –0 +0.15 14.5 36 16 8
9 18 –0 +0.15 16.5 40 18 9
10 20 –0 +0.2 18 45 20 10
11 22 –0 +0.2 20 50 22 11
12 24 –0 +0.2 22 54 24 12
13 26 –0 +0.2 24 59 26 13
14 28 –0 +0.3 25 63 28 14
16 32 –0 +0.3 29 72 32 16
18 36 –0 +0.4 32 81 36 18
20 40 –0 +0.4 36 90 40 20
22 44 –0 +0.4 39 99 44 22
24 48 –0 +0.5 43 108 48 24
26 52 –0 +0.5 46 117 52 26
28 56 –0 +0.5 50 126 56 28
32 64 –0 +0.6 56 144 64 32
36 72 –0 +0.6 63 162 72 36
40 80 –0 +0.7 69 180 80 40
44 88 –0 +0.8 75 198 88 44
48 96 –0 +0.8 81 216 96 48
52 104 –0 +0.9 87 234 104 52
56 112 –0 +1.0 93 252 112 56
60 120 –0 +1.1 99 270 120 60
C11 PREPARATION OF THE ROPE FOR PRESSING

The rope end shall be in an undamaged condition over a length equal to the length of the
ferrule in the unpressed state. The lay length shall not be increased. The wires in the rope
end shall not splay apart.
If the rope end is prepared for termination by heat treatment, the heat-treated length of rope
at each end shall not exceed a length equal to the diameter of the rope.
COPYRIGHT
45 AS 1418.7—1999
During any heat treatment process, the rope end shall be red annealed and not quenched. All
wires shall be heat-treated evenly.
Ropes for the manufacture of Type C (cylindrical-tapered) ferrules shall not be heat treated.
If a rope end binding is also pressed, it shall consist of a strand or a wire made of
aluminium or heat-treated steel wire with a strength of max. 400 N/mm. The strand or wire
diameter shall not be more than 1/20 of the rope diameter. Other types of end binding, e.g.
adhesive tapes, shall not be pressed. Additionally, the length of the binding shall not exceed
half the diameter of the rope and the distance of the binding from the end of the rope shall
not be greater than 1 × the rope diameter.
When the end of the rope is introduced into the ferrule, the rope binding shall not alter or
become dislodged. The end of the rope shall protrude beyond the edge of the ferrule to such
an extent that the conditions laid down in Paragraph C14 are fulfilled after pressing.
If a loop (without thimble) is to be formed with the end of the rope, and with the loop width
equal to approximately two times the loop length, the distance of the pressed ferrule up to
the inner edge of the loop shall be at least three times the diameter of the pin or width of the
hook, over which the loop is to be placed, but in any event shall not be less than 15 times
the diameter of the rope (see Figure C6).
By means of a slight deformation process on one of the two longitudinal sides, the
unpressed ferrule may be fixed to the rope before the pressing process.
NOTE: Care should be taken with this deformation process, e.g. by hammering or placing in a
vice, to ensure that the two sides are not buckled inwards, otherwise this wall could crack during
the subsequent pressing (see Figure C7).
FIGURE C6 MINIMUM LENGTH OF LOOP
FIGURE C7 FIXING THE FERRULE TO THE ROPE
COPYRIGHT
AS 1418.7—1999 46
C12 PRESSING OF THE ROPE FERRULE

General
The manufacture of the pressed terminations shall be carried out by competent personnel or
under the supervision of competent personnel.
Except for ferrule numbers 2.5 to 5 which may also be mechanically pressed, all ferrules
shall be pressed on hydraulic or pneumatic presses by cold forming in one direction of
pressing (without twisting).
The pressing tools shall be kept rigid during the pressing process and shall not push one
against the other.
At the end of the pressing process, the press tooling shall fully surround the ferrule over its
entire length.
Before pressing, the impact areas and the bore of the press tooling shall be cleaned; the bore
should then be greased. Heavily worn press tooling should be discarded.
The long axis of the oval of the ferrule shall align with the direction of pressing (see
Figure C8). The impact surfaces of the two pressing tools shall touch at the end of the
pressing process.
Any pressing burr resulting at the side of the ferrule shall be removed. This process shall
not damage the rope in any way.
FIGURE C8 POSITION OF FERRULE IN PRESSING TOOL
Strength properties
Pressed terminations shall fulfil the following requirements, at room temperature:
(a) A fatigue test in the tension-pulsation range with a minimum of 75 000 load changes
shall be able to be endured without a strand in the area of the ferrule breaking and
without damage to the ferrule. The top load for such a test shall be 30% and the
underload shall be 15% of the minimum breaking strength of the rope. The oscillating
frequency should not exceed 250 min¹.
(b) After an endurance test, a breaking strength of 90% of the minimum breaking strength
of the rope shall be able to be achieved in a tension test without damaging the ferrule
and without the rope slipping in the ferrule.
For all trials, the wire rope length between the ferrules should be at least 30 times the rope
diameter but shall not be less than 600 mm.
COPYRIGHT
47 AS 1418.7—1999
C13 APPLICATION TEMPERATURES

For pressed terminations in accordance with this Standard, the following application
temperatures apply:
(a) For ropes with a steel core, the application temperature shall not fall below –60°C and
shall not exceed +150°C.
(b) For ropes with a fibre core, the application temperature shall not fall below –60°C
and shall not exceed +100°C.
C14 TESTING
After pressing, the termination shall be checked for adherence to ferrule and loop
dimension requirements, freedom from cracks in the ferrule and correct positioning of the
dead-end of the rope. Terminations, where the rope or the ferrule is damaged, those which
exhibit cracks and those with incorrectly positioned rope ends shall be rejected.
In order to check the position of the rope end in the ferrule, the rope end should terminate at
the edge of the ferrule after pressing, or project a max. of ½ d beyond the edge, in the case
of Type A and B. A heat treated rope end must lie completely outside the pressed
termination (see Clause C11).
In the case of cylindrical-tapered terminations (Type C), the dead-end of the rope must
terminate with the end of the cylindrical part of the pressed ferrule. The correct position of
the dead-end of the rope must be determined via the opening provided on the ferrule.
COPYRIGHT
This page has been left intentionally blank.

As 1418.7-1999 Cranes (Including Hoists and Winches) - Builders&#39; Hoists and Associated Equipment

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

As 1418.7-1999 Cranes (Including Hoists and Winches) - Builders&#39; Hoists and Associated Equipment

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AS 1418.

Cranes (including hoists and winches)

Part 7: Builders’ hoists and associated

The following interests are represented on Committee ME/5:

Association of Consulting Engineers Australia

State Chamber of Commerce

Keeping Standards up-to-date

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 98034.

Cranes (including hoists and winches)

Part 7: Builders’ hoists and associated

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN

2.6 DRIVE UNIT ISOLATION .........................................................................................7

SECTION 3 MATERIALS HOISTS AND CONCRETE SKIP HOISTS

SECTION 4 PERSONNEL AND MATERIALS HOISTS

Part 7: Builders’ hoists and associated equipment

S E CT I ON 1 S COP E AND GE NE RAL

1.2 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATION

1.4 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

ISO 8402 Quality management and quality assurance—Vocabulary

S E CT I ON 2 GE NE RAL RE QUI RE ME NT S FOR

2.1 BASIS OF DESIGN

2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF HOIST

2.5 DRIVING MECHANISMS

2.6 DRIVE UNIT ISOLATION

2.8 RACK-AND-PINION DRIVE

2.9 SAFETY GEAR

2.9.7 Additional requirements for platforms fitted with overspeed devices

2.10 BRAKING SYSTEM

2.10.4 Hydro-mechanical brakes

2.11 OVERLOAD DETECTION DEVICE

S E CT I ON 3 MAT E RI ALS HOI S T S AND

3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION

3.2 LOAD RATING

3.2.2 Concrete skip hoist

3.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

3.5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

(a) The hoist-rope diameter shall be not less than 8 mm.

3.5.4.4 Hoist platform guardrailing

3.5.4.6 Retention on guiderails

FIGURE 1 LANDING CLEARANCE

3.5.6.2 Landing gates

necessary (see Clause 3.5.4.4).

FIGURE 2 LANDING GATE TO PLATFORM SIDE CLEARANCE

3.5.7 Landing-gate interlocking and signalling systems

shall be not less than 25 mm.

(ii) 10 mm for hoists between 500 kg and 1000 kg.

3.8.2 Type test

S E CT I ON 4 PE RS ONNE L AND M AT E RI ALS

4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION

4.2 LOAD RATING

(c) classification (see Clause 2.2).

4.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS

4.5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

separately (ignoring inertial effects):

within a guide and supported by a wire rope or equivalent.

4.5.7.2 Rope-suspended hoists

4.5.7.4 Safety gear and governor marking

4.5.7.9 Opening of brake and motor control circuits on safety application

4.5.11.3 Resistance to deflection

(i) constant-pressure push-button control switches shrouded to obviate inadvertent

4.8.2.2 Rated capacity load test

4.10 EMERGENCY OPERATION AND ACCESS

As 1418.7-1999 Cranes (Including Hoists and Winches) - Builders' Hoists and Associated Equipment

As 1418.7-1999 Cranes (Including Hoists and Winches) - Builders' Hoists and Associated Equipment