Lesson 3.1: KEPLER’S LAW OF Lesson 3.

1
PLANETARY MOTION Task 1: Let’s Try This!
Competency: Score: ______________
Done? [ ] Yes [ ] No
• For circular orbits, relate Kepler’s third law Task 2: Let’s Explore and Apply!
of planetary motion to Newton’s law of Score: ______________
gravitation and centripetal acceleration Done? [ ] Yes [ ] No
Lesson 3.2: PERIODIC MOTION Task 3: Let’s Evaluate
Competencies: Score: ______________
• Relate the amplitude, frequency, angular Done? [ ] Yes [ ] No Lesson
3.2:
frequency, period, displacement, velocity, Task 1: Let’s Try This!
and acceleration of oscillating systems Score: ______________
• Recognize the necessary conditions for an Done? [ ] Yes [ ] No
object to undergo simple harmonic motion Task 2: Let’s Explore and Apply!
• Calculate the period and the frequency of Score: ______________
spring mass, simple pendulum, and Done? [ ] Yes [ ] No
physical pendulum Task 3: Let’s Evaluate
Score: ______________
Done? [ ] Yes [ ] No
Feedback (Learner/Parent/Guardian): Parallel Test:
_____________________________________________ Score: ______________
_____________________________________________ Done? [ ] Yes [ ] No
_____________________________________________ Note of Guidance (To be filled out by the
_____________________________________________ subject teacher for feedbacking of learner’s
_____________________________________________ performance):
_____________________________________________ __________________________________________
_____________________________________________ __________________________________________
_____________________________________________ __________________________________________
_____________________________________________ __________________________________________
_____________________________________________ __________________________________________
_____________________________________________ __________________________________________
_____________________________________________ __________________________________________
_____________________________________________

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MARLON CARLO T. LLAMERA, T-III

Caibiran National High School-SY 2020-2021
 Lesson KEPLER’S LAWS OF WEEK
3.1 3
PLANETARY MOTION

For circular orbits, relate Kepler’s third law of planetary motion to Newton’s
law of gravitation and centripetal acceleration

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter which corresponds to the correct answer.
Write your answer on the space before each number.

____1. According to Kepler’s Law of Orbits, what is the shape of the planets’ orbits?
A. Circle B. Ellipse C. Parabola D. Irregular Shape
____2. Which of the following is NOT one of Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion?
A. The square of a planet’s period is proportional to its distance from the sun cubed.
B. The area of a planet’s orbital plane is inversely proportional to its speed.
C. A planet sweeps out equal area in an equal time interval.
D. Planets move around the sun in elliptical orbits.
____3. He was a Danish astronomer who worked with Kepler. His data collected were used by Kepler in
his laws.
A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Tyco Brahe D. Copernicus
____4. This law describes a line that connects a planet to the sun and sweeps out equal areas in equal
times.
A. Law of Periods B. Law of Orbits C. Law of Areas D. Law of Gravitation

1
____5. In which month is the Earth closest to the sun?
A. January B. April C. July D. October
The term “planet” is a Greek word meaning “wanderer,” and indeed the planets continuously change
their positions in the sky relative to the background of stars. One of the great intellectual accomplishments
of the 16th and 17th centuries was the threefold realization that the earth is also a planet, that all planets orbit
the sun, and that the apparent motions of the planets as seen from the earth can be used to precisely
determine their orbits.
The first and second of these ideas were published by Nicolaus Copernicus in Poland in 1543. The nature
of planetary orbits was deduced between 1601 and 1619 by the German astronomer and mathematician
Johannes Kepler, using a voluminous set of precise data on apparent planetary motions compiled by his
mentor, the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe.

On the other hand, it was said that Isaac Newton discovered the physical law that governs an apple falling
from the tree to the ground. He realized that the apple is attracted to Earth in the same way that Earth is
attracted to the apple. He added that this attraction between Earth and the apple must also hold true for the
planets, Earth’s moon, the sun, and for every object in the universe. With this idea, Newton formulated the
law of universal gravitation.

KEPLER’S LAWS OF PLANETARY MOTION

The following are the laws developed by Johannes Kepler:

1. LAW OF ORBITS (also known as Law of
Ellipses)
The first law explains that all planets move in elliptical
orbits with the sun at one focus.
Kepler’s first law means that planets move around the
Sun in elliptical orbits. An ellipse is a shape that
resembles a flattened circle. How much the circle is
flattened is expressed by its eccentricity. The eccentricity
is a number between 0 and 1. It is zero for a perfect
circle.
The eccentricity of an ellipse measures how flattened a
circle it is. For a perfect circle, a and b are the same
such that the eccentricity is zero. Earth’s orbit has an
eccentricity of 0.0167, so it is very nearly a perfect
circle.
2. LAW OF AREAS (also known as Law of Equal
Areas)
The second law states that the planet moves around the
sun in such a way that a line drawn from the sun to the
planet sweeps out equal areas in equal interval of times.
This law is a consequence of the conservation of angular
momentum. A planet has to move faster when it is near
the sun. Thus, moves fastest at the perihelion (shortest
distance) and slowest at the aphelion (farthest distance).

2
 It follows from Kepler’s second law that Earth moves the fastest when it is closest to the Sun. This
happens in early January, when Earth is about 147 million km (91 million miles) from the Sun. When
Earth is closest to the Sun, it is traveling at a speed of 30.3 kilometers (18.8 miles) per second.
3. LAW OF PERIODS (also known as the
Harmonic Law)
It states that the ratio of the squares of the periods
𝑇 of any two planets revolving around the sun is
equal to the ratio of the cubes of their mean
distances 𝑑 from the sun (or length of semi-major
axis of its elliptical orbit). Period is the time for a
planet to travel one revolution around the sun. In
symbols,

Where 𝑑1 and 𝑑2 are the mean distances of the two planets from the sun and 𝑇1 and 𝑇2 are their
respective periods.
The period of a planet is usually compared to that of Earth. A convenient unit of measurement for period
is Earth year or simply year. A unit of distance from the sun is called astronomical unit and is abbreviated
as AU. One AU is the average separation of the Earth from the sun.

Knowledge of these laws, especially

the second (the law of areas), proved
crucial to Sir Isaac Newton in 1684–
1685, when he formulated his famous
law of gravitation between Earth and
the Moon and between the Sun and
the planets, postulated by him to have
validity for all objects anywhere in the
universe. Newton showed that the
motion of bodies subject to central
gravitational force need not always
follow the elliptical orbits specified by
the first law of Kepler but can take
paths defined by other, open conic
curves; the motion can be in parabolic
or hyperbolic orbits, depending on the total energy of the body. Thus, an object of sufficient energy—
e.g., a comet—can enter the solar system and leave again without returning. From Kepler’s second law,
it may be observed further that the angular momentum of any planet about an axis through the Sun and
perpendicular to the orbital plane is also unchanging.
Watch and Watch the video on the links below for an audio-visual discussion of Kepler’s Laws of
Learn! Planetary motion: https://youtu.be/duyCqavu7xw and https://youtu.be/kyR6EO_RMKE

Sample Problem 1
The mean solar distance of Mercury is 0.387 AU. What is its period?

Solution:
Let be the period of Mercury, be the period of Earth (1 Year), be the mean distance of
Mercury from the sun (0.387 AU), and be the mean distance of Earth from the sun (1 AU).

Substituting these values in , we have

Therefore, Mercury takes 88 days to complete one revolution around the sun.

3
 NEWTON’S LAW
NEWTON’S LAWOF
OFUNIVERSAL
UNIVERSALGRAVITATION
GRAVITATION
Earth and other planets revolve in nearly circular orbits around
the sun. Thus, the sun must be exerting a centripetal force on
the planets. Newton proposed that this force is just a part of a
universal attraction called gravitation. It happens between all
bodies by virtue of their masses.

Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that every object in

the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional
to the product of their masses, 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 , and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance 𝑟 between them. In
𝒎 𝒎
equation, 𝑭 = 𝑮 𝒓𝟏𝟐 𝟐

where 𝐺 is the universal gravitation constant equal to 6.674 ×

10−11𝑁 ∙ 𝑚2/𝑘𝑔

Sample Problem 2
Suppose two planets A and B revolves around the same star in circular orbits. The distance of A from the
star is twice that of B. The mass of B is three times the mass of A. Find the ratio of the gravitational force
exerted by the star on the two planets

Solution: Let 𝑴 be the mass of the star. Let 𝒓𝑨 and 𝒓𝑩 be the distance of the planets A and B from the star,
respectively. We are given that 𝒓𝑨 = 𝟐𝒓𝑩. The force exerted by the stars on the planets A and B are 𝑭𝑨 and
𝒎 𝒎
𝑭𝑩, respectively, and may be obtained using 𝑭 = 𝑮 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝒓

Therefore, 𝑭𝑩 = 𝟏𝟐𝑭𝑨. The gravitational force exerted

by the star on the more massive planet is 12 times
greater than that of the less massive one.

Solve each problem systematically. Show all necessary solutions.

Write your answers on the space provided for.

1. Scientists once postulated the existence of a planet called “Vulcan” to explain Mercury’s precession.
Vulcan is supposed to be between Mercury and the sun with a solar distance equal to 2/3 that of
Mercury. What would be its supposed period?
Solution:

4
2. Suppose that two objects attract each other with a gravitational force of 16 N. If the distance between
the two objects is doubled, what is the new force of attraction between the two objects?
Solution:

I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on Score:
the space before each number.
____1. What is the shape of a planet’s orbit according to Kepler’s first law of planetary motion?
A. circle B. ellipse C. oblong D. parabola
____2. The position of farthest approach of a planet to the sun is called _________.
A. apogee B. perigee C. aphelion D. perihelion
____3. In which month of the year is the Earth in its perihelion?
A. January B. May C. September D. December
For items 4-5, refer to the figure at the right.

____4. In the figure, what represents the perihelion?

A. I C. III
B. II D. IV
____5. The time required for the planet to move from III to IV is ________
compared the time required to move from I to II.
A. longer C. the same
B. shorter D. cannot be determined
II. Solving. Solve systematically. Write all necessary solution on the
space provided for.

1. Earth has an orbital period of 1 year and its mean distance from the sun is 1 𝐴𝑈. The planet Pluto’s
mean distance from the sun is 39.5 𝐴𝑈. Using Kepler’s third law, calculate Pluto’s orbital period in Earth
days.
2. Determine the force of gravitational attraction between the earth and a 70-kg
physics student if the student is standing at sea level, a distance of 6. from earth's center.
Write your solution here.

5
 Lesson WEEK
3.2 PERIODIC MOTION 3
 Relate the amplitude, frequency, angular frequency, period,
displacement, velocity, and acceleration of oscillating systems
 Recognize the necessary conditions for an object to undergo simple
harmonic motion
 Calculate the period and the frequency of spring mass, simple pendulum, and physical
pendulum

True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if the statement is

incorrect. Write your answer on the space before each number.

____1. A body undergoing periodic motion always has a stable equilibrium position.
____2. A restoring force restores a body from its displacement to its equilibrium position.
____3. The period of a body is the maximum displacement of a body from its equilibrium position.
____4. A simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is inversely
proportional to the displacement of the body from its equilibrium position.
____5. A pendulum is any object which can swing freely from a pivot point under the influence of gravity.

PERIODIC MOTION
Periodic motion refers to motion that is repeated at regular intervals of time.
Examples of periodic motion are movement of the hands of a clock, the
pendulum in a grandfather’s clock, a rocking chair, heartbeat, the rotation of
the blades of an electric fan, and the movement of the Earth about its axis and around the sun.

Figure 3.1 The Motion of the swing is an example of periodic motion.

A body undergoing periodic motions always has a stable
equilibrium position.

The equilibrium position, otherwise known as resting position,

is the position assumed by the body when it is not vibrating. This
equilibrium position is represented by position B of the boy in the
swing and figure 3.1. When the boy is displaced from its
equilibrium position to position A, a restoring force(gravity) acts
on it to pull it back toward position B.

A restoring force is the force that tends to restore a body

from its displacement to its equilibrium position. By the time the
boy reaches position B, the body has gained kinetic energy, overshoots this position, moves, and stops
somewhere on the other side (Position C). The body is again pulled back towards equilibrium. Vibrations
about this equilibrium position results only from the action of the restoring force.

The amplitude (A) of vibration is the maximum displacement of a body from its equilibrium position.
This is represented by the displacement from position B to position A or from position B to position C.

6
 The period (T) of a body in periodic motion is the time required to make a complete to-and-fro
motion. One complete to-and-fro motion is called a cycle. Referring to figure 3.1, the motion of the swing
from position A to position C and back to position A is one cycle. Period is usually in seconds.
Frequency (f) is the number of the cycle per unit time. Its SI unit is the hertz, abbreviated as Hz.
One (1) hertz equals one cycle per second. Frequency is the reciprocal of period.

Equation 3.1

Sometimes, angular frequency (ω) is use instead of frequency. Angular frequency is commonly
express in radians per second. The relationship between angular frequency and frequency is given by

Equation 3.2
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
A very common type of periodic motion is what we called simple harmonic motion (SHM). It is a
type of periodic motion where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement of the body from its
equilibrium position. This restoring force act in a direction opposite that of the displacement.
In equation, 𝑭𝒔 = −𝒌𝒙 Equation 3.3 where,
𝐹𝑠 is the restoring force or spring force
x is the displacement from the equilibrium position
k is a proportionality constant
The negative sign simply means that the
restoring force and displacement are oppositely
directed. We call this restoring force because it is
always directed toward the equilibrium position and
therefore opposite the displacement from equilibrium.
A system that oscillates with SHM is called
simple harmonic oscillator. The simplest form of a simple harmonic oscillator is a body of mass m
oscillating on one end of an elastic spring also known as the mass-spring system.
In the model for simple harmonic motion, consider a block of mass m attached to the end of a spring,
with the block free to move on a horizontal, frictionless surface Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2. A block attached to a spring moving on a

frictionless surface.

(a) Stretched spring. When the block is displaced to the right of

equilibrium (x > 0), the force exerted by the spring
acts to the left.

(b) When the block is at its equilibrium position (x = 0), the force
exerted by the spring is zero.
(c) Compressed spring. When the block is displaced to the left of
equilibrium (x < 0), the force exerted by the spring acts to the right.

Note that the amount of the spring is negligible to the amount of

stretching for compressing force. An external force can cause object, like spring, to stretch or
compressed by a certain displacement x (figure 3.2). This force is numerically equal to the restoring
force but opposite in direction. Thus,
𝑭 = 𝒌𝒙 Equation 3.4

7
 The proportionality constant (k) is what we called the force constant of the spring. It is the force
needed to produce a unit of elongation or compression of the spring and has the unit of N/m.
The force constant k is measure of the stiffness of the spring. A small value of k indicates that the
spring can be easily stretched or compressed. In other words, springs with lesser spring constants will have
greater displacements than those with larger spring constants for the same amount of force applied.
Sample Problem 3
1. An oscillating body takes 0.8 seconds to complete four cycles. What is the (a) period, (b) frequency, and
(c) angular frequency of the body?
Solution:
a. We are asked to determine the time taken to complete one cycle.

b. Substituting the value of T in Equation (3.1),

𝟐𝝅𝒇 ( )( ) //
2. A force of 3.0 N elongates a spring by 6.0 cm. (a) What is the force constant of spring? (b) How much
force is needed to elongate spring an additional 6.0 cm?
Solution:
Using Equation 3.4 and substituting values,
a.
b. 𝑭 = 𝒌𝒙 = (𝟓𝟎 𝑵/𝒎)(𝟎.𝟏𝟐 𝒎) = 𝟔. 𝟎 𝑵

Watch and Watch the video on the link below for an audio-visual discussion of Simple Harmonic
Motion: https://youtu.be/gZ_KnZHCn4M
Learn!
A pendulum is any object which can swing freely from a pivot point under the influence of gravity. It
may be simple or physical.
A simple pendulum consists of a concentrated mass called the bob
PENDULUM
suspended by a light thread attached to a fixed support as shown in Figure
3.3. when the bob is pulled to one side and released, the motion is, strictly
speaking, not simple harmonic because the bob executes a to-and-fro
motion in circular path. Furthermore, the restoring force 𝐹 is equal to the
component of the weight that is tangent to the arc 𝑠, that is

𝑭 = 𝒎𝒈 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽.

For motion to be simple harmonic, the restoring force must be proportional to 𝑠

or to 𝜃 since 𝑠 = 𝜃𝐿. However, if the angular displacement
𝜃 is small, say less than or equal to 10°, the arc 𝑠 is almost horizontal and may Figure 3.3. Forces acting on a simple
be assumed to be equal to 𝑥 and sin 𝜃 is almost equal to 𝜃 in radians. pendulum. Tension in the thread supporting the
bob is represented by T

Assuming 𝜃 is small, , where .

Substituting will give the equation for the period of a simple pendulum:

Equation 3.5
The period and frequency of a simple pendulum depends only on the length of the string and the
acceleration due to gravity. The simple pendulum can be used as timekeeper because its period depends

8
only on its length and the local value of g. It is also a convenient device for making precise measurements
of the freefall acceleration. Such measurements are important because variation in local values of g can
provide information on the location of oil and of other valuable underground resources.
Based on the equation, the period of a simple pendulum is governed by the following laws.
1. The period of simple pendulum is directly proportional to square root of its length.
2. The period is inversely proportional to square root of the acceleration due to gravity.
3. The period is not dependent of the mass of the bob.
4. The period is independent of the angular amplitude if angular displacement is small, say less than
or equal to 100.
Sample Problem 4
A simple pendulum of length 50.0 cm takes 5 s to make 10 complete back-and-forth motion. (a) Find
its period. (b) What will be its period when its length is increased to 200 cm?
Solution:

a.
𝑻𝟏 √ 𝑳𝟏
𝑻𝟐
=
b. Based on the laws governing the period of simple pendulum, √ 𝑳𝟐 .

Using this equation and substituting values,

Suppose you balance a wire coat hanger so that the hook is supported by your extended index
finger. When you give the hanger a small angular displacement (with your other hand) and then release it,
it oscillates. If a hanging objects oscillates about a fixed axis that does not pass through its center of mass
and the object cannot be approximated as a point mass, we cannot treat the system as a simple pendulum.
In this case the system is called a physical pendulum.

Consider a rigid object pivoted at a point O that is a distance d from the center of mass (Figure 3.4).
The gravitational force provides a force about an axis through O, and the
magnitude of that torque is 𝑚𝑔𝑑 sin 𝜃., where 𝜃is as shown in Figure3.4.
Using the rotational form of Newton’s second law ∑ 𝜏 = 𝐼𝛼, where I is the
moment of inertia about the axis through O, we obtain

The negative sign indicates that the torque about O tends to decrease𝜃..
That is, the gravitational force produces a restoring torque.

The period of the motion is

Figure 3.4 A physical pendulum pivoted at O 𝒎𝒈𝑳 Equation 3.6

One can use this result to measure the moment of inertia of a flat rigid object. If the location of the
center of mass—and hence the value of d—is known, the moment of inertia can be obtained by measuring
the period. Finally, note that Equation 3.6 reduces to the period of a simple pendulum (Equation 3.5) when
𝐼 = 𝑚𝑑2 – that is, when all the mass is concentrated at the center of mass.
Sample Problem 3
A 1.5kg uniform meter stick pivoted at one end oscillates as a physical pendulum with a period of
1.25 s. Find its moment of inertia with respect to the pivot point.

9
Solution:
Manipulating equation 3.5 to solve
for I and substituting values,

Watch and Watch the video on the links below for an audio-visual discussion of Simple and
Learn! Physical Pendulum: https://youtu.be/IKAzjiMv5_4 and https://youtu.be/zTUhDB-Bt0A

Solve each problem systematically. Show all necessary solutions.

Write your answers on the space provided for.

1. It takes 365.25 days for the Earth to complete one revolution around the sun. Calculate the (a) period,
(b) frequency, and (c)angular frequency of Earth as it revolves around the sun.
Solution:

2. A vertical spring has a force constant of 125 N/m. By how much will the spring be compressed if a mass
of 0.525 kg is placed on top of it?
Solution:

3. A simple pendulum is found to vibrate 50 times within 200 s. When 1.5 m of its length is reduced to a
certain length, it vibrates 50 times in 175 s. Find the original length of the pendulum.
Solution:

4. A Christmas ball in a shape of a hollow sphere is hung from the tree by a piece of thread attached to the
surface of the ball. The mass and radius of the ball are 0.105 kg and 0.12 m, respectively. What will be
its period of oscillation when slightly displaced from its equilibrium position? (Hint: I =

10
Solution:

I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Score:

Write it on the space before each number.

____1. It refers to motion that is repeated at regular interval of time.

A. Periodic Motion B. Planetary Motion C. Gravity D. Simple Harmonic Motion
____2. It is the position assumed by a body when it is not in motion
A. restoring force B. amplitude C equilibrium position D. frequency
____3. At which position is the speed of a particle executing SHM greatest?
A. at its extreme position C. at its maximum displacement
B. at its equilibrium position D. somewhere between its amplitude and equilibrium position
____4. At which position is the acceleration of a particle executing SHM equal to zero?
A. at its extreme position C. at its maximum displacement
B. at its equilibrium position D. somewhere between its amplitude and equilibrium position
____5. It refers to any object which can swing freely from a pivot point under the influence of gravity.
A. Mechanical wave B. Pendulum C. Sound wave D. SHM
II. Solving. Solve systematically. Write all necessary solution on the space provided for.
1. An oscillating body repeats its motion every 0.500 s. Find (a) the period, (b) the frequency, and (c) the
angular frequency.
2. Grandfather clocks are decorative clocks with a pendulum measuring out the passing of a second. How
long of a pendulum is needed to have a period of 1 second?
Use 𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠2 for the acceleration due to gravity.

Write your solution here.

11
 Lesson 3.2

Let’s Evaluate Let’s Try Let’s Explore and Let’ s Evalua

I. This! Apply I.
1. 2.A
Lesson 3.1 1. B 1. T 2. 1. 3. 4. C
Let’s Try Let’s 2. C T 3. F a. 𝑇 = 31557600 𝑠 5. B
This! Explore 3. A 4. F b. 𝑓 = 3.17 × 108 𝐻𝑧 II B

1. C and Apply 4. C 5. T c. 𝜔 = 1.99 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠/𝑠 1. B

2. B 1. 48 days 5. C 2. 𝑥 = 0.04 a. 0.5 s

3. C 2. 4 N II 3. 𝐿 = 6.4 𝑚 2. 0.b. 2 Hz
4. C 1. 90593 days 4. 𝑇 = 0.90 𝑠 c. 12.6 r
2. 686 N 248 m
5. A

The Physics Classroom . “Circular Motion and Satellite Motion – Lesson 3 -

Universal Gravitation, Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation.” Newton's
Law of Universal Gravitation (physicsclassroom.com)
Silverio, Angelina A. “Exploring Life Through Science Series, Senior High School, General Physics 1.”
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City. 2017.

YouTube.com.

Write your reflection and feedback about this

Activity Sheet as if you are posting a Facebook
status update

12
 Multiple Choice. Read and understand each item carefully Score:
then choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on the
space before each number.

____1. He was a danish astronomer whose works gave way to Kepler formulating his laws of planetary
motion.
A. Tyco Brahe B. Nicolaus Copernicus C. Johannes Kepler D. Galileo
____2. Which law states that a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals?
A. Law of Orbits B. Law of Periods C. Law of Areas D. Law of Gravitation
____3. Kepler’s third law of planetary motion states that A.
the planets move around the sun in elliptical orbits.
B. a planet moves around the sun in such a way that a line drawn from the sun to the planet sweeps out
equal areas in equal intervals of time.
C. every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
D. the ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their mean
distances from the sun.
____4. A planet is in the ____________ if it is in the point on its orbit nearest to the sun.
A. Apogee B. Aphelion C. Perigee D. Perihelion
____5. What is the period in Earth days of the planet Jupiter if it has mean distance from the sun equal to
5.20 AU?
A. 365 B. 684 C. 4328 D. 10822
____6. What is the mean distance in AU of Saturn from the sun if it has a period of 29.46 Earth years?
A. 0.39 B. 1 C. 5.20 D. 9.58
____7. What is the force of attraction between a 40-kg ballerina and the Earth if she is 6.38 × 106 𝑚 from
the center of the Earth?
A. 392 𝑁 B. 980 𝑁 C. 1823 𝑁 D. 641 𝑁
____8. Periodic motion is a motion that
A. holds the planets together C. continuous indefinitely
B. repeats at a regular interval of time D. stops after a certain period of time
____9. Which is NOT an example of periodic motion?
A. revolution of the Earth around the sun C. throwing a ball vertically
B. motion of a rocking chair D. movement of a pendulum
____10. Which of the following statement about simple harmonic motion is true?
A. It is a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is inversely proportional to the displacement of
the body from its equilibrium position.
B. It is a type of periodic motion where the displacement of the body from its equilibrium position is inversely
proportional to the restoring force.
C. It is a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement of the body
from its equilibrium position. D. None of the above
____11. An oscillating body completes 5 cycles in 1.5 seconds. What is the angular frequency of the motion?
A. 20 radians/s B. 21 radians/s C. 2 radians/s D. 1 radian/s
____12. A force of 2.8 N elongates a spring by 7 cm. What is the force constant of the spring?
A. 4 N/m B. 14 N/m C. 20 N/m D. 40 N/m
____13. These are objects that swing freely from a pivot point as influenced by gravity.
A. Pendulum B. Free falling body C. Planets D. Mechanical wave
____14. A simple pendulum of length 45.0 cm takes 5 s to make 15 complete back-and-forth motion. What
is the period of the pendulum?
A. 0.3 s B. 1.5 s C. 3 s D. 5 s
____15. A 1.5 kg meter stick pivoted at one end and oscillates as a physical pendulum with a period of 1.25
s. What is its moment of inertia with respect to the pivot point?

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A. 0.29 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2 B. 29 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2 C. 1.29 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2 D. −0.29 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2

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