Outdoor Disconnectors & Earthing Switches

OUTDOOR DISCONNECTORS AND EARTHING SWITCHES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE 2
2.0 STANDARDS 2
3.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT 2
4.0 DRAWINGS 3
5.0 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 3
5.1 CLEARANCES 3
5.2 CORONA 4
5.3 TEMPERATURE RISE 4
5.4 SHORT CIRCUIT WITHSTAND 4
5.5 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS - DISCONNECTOR 4
5.5.1 VOLTAGE TYPES 4
5.5.2 INSULATORS 5
5.5.3 CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY 5
5.5.4 DISCONNECTOR BLADES 6
5.5.5 PRIMARY CURRENT CARRYING CONTACTS 6
5.5.6 TERMINAL PADS 6
5.5.7 BEARINGS 7
5.6 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS – EARTHING SWITCHES 7
5.7 OPERATING MECHANISM 7
5.7.1 MANUAL OPERATIONS 7
5.7.2 MOTORISED OPERATIONS 7
5.7.3 AUXILIARY SWITCHES 8
5.7.4 INTERLOCKS 9
6.0 TECHNICAL DATA 9
6.1 EQUIPMENT DATA SHEET OF 500kV OUTDOOR DISCONNECTOR
AND EARTHING SWITCHES 9
7.0 TESTS 12
TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD OUTDOOR DISCONNECTORS AND EARTHING SWITCHES
Doc. No. TTS-SS-DS Revision No. 0 Date 1 June 2011 Page 1 of 12

Printed from EDMS System
1.0 SCOPE
The technical specification covers the design and construction for the outdoor
open terminal disconnectors and earthing switches of 3-phase 50 Hz system of
nominal voltage 500kV, 275kV and 132kV.
The specification is to be read together with General Requirement Specification

(TTS – SS – GEN) and Product Inspection and Testing (TTS – SS – TEST)
Substation Specification.
2.0 STANDARDS
The disconnector and/or earthing switches and ancillaries shall be designed,

manufactured and tested in accordance with the latest revision, on the date of
tender but not limited to the following standards and where specifically directed
otherwise.
No Standard Description
1 IEC 62271 – 1 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: Common
specifications
(To replace IEC 60694)
2 IEC 62271 – 102 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 102:
Alternating current switches for rated voltages of 52kV and
above
3 IEC 62271 – 104 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 104: High
voltage alternating current disconnectors and earthing
switches
4 IEC 60168 Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic
material or glass for systems with nominal voltages greater
than 1 000 V
5 IEC 60865-1 Short-circuit currents - Calculation of effects - Part 1:
Definitions and calculation methods
IEC 60865-1 Corrigendum 1 - Short-circuit currents - Calculation of

Corr. 1 effects - Part 1: Definitions and calculation
6 IEC/TS 60815-1 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators
intended for use in polluted conditions - Part 1: Definitions,
information and general principles
IEC/TS 60815-2 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators

intended for use in polluted conditions - Part 2: Ceramic
and glass insulator for a.c. systems
7 IEC 60529 Degree of Protection Provided by Enclosures
8 ASTM A153 Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron
and Steel Hardware
3.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT
The disconnector and/or earthing switches shall be designed for operation at the
following primary system voltages, system fault level and insulation level as per
Table 1 below:


System Voltage : kV kV kV
Nominal System Voltage kV r.m.s. 500kV 275kV 132kV
Maximum Continuous Voltage kV r.m.s. 550 300 145
Symmetrical Short Circuit kA r.m.s. / s 50 / 1 40 /3 or (50/3 31.5/3

Current at Rated Voltage in 500kV
(r.m.s) / Duration-sec system)
Lightning Impulse kV(peak) 1550 1050 650

Withstand Level
Switching Impulse kV(peak) 1175 850 -
Withstand Level
Power Frequency kV(rms) 620 395 275

Withstand Level
4.0 DRAWINGS
Before the work is put in hand, dimensioned drawings and diagrams, as listed
below, showing all details of the plant and materials to be used shall be submitted
to the Engineer for approval.
i. Title Page
ii. Content List
iii. Legend
iv. Component List
v. General Arrangement
vi. Name Plate
vii. External Detail Part of Disconnector
viii. Porcelain Details
ix. Operating Mechanism Cubicle – Internal Arrangement
x. Operating Mechanism Cubicle – External Arrangement
xi. Control Circuit
xii. Terminal Block Arrangement
5.0 DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
5.1 Clearances
Electrical Clearance between live metal work and earth shall not be less than
those in the appropriate sections of the latest revision of BS 7354, IEC 60071,
and the clearances given in this Specification. The height from ground to the
Nearest Point Not at Earth potential of all post type or bushing insulators shall
not be less than 2440mm. For equipment when installed, the minimum ground,
safety and other clearances shall be as per Schedule B. The distance from
ground or a working platform such as the climbing bolt of the gantry structure
to the Nearest Live Unscreened Conductor, or to a disconnector arm tip in the
open position, shall satisfy the Minimum Safety Clearance.


Insulation creepage distances shall not be less than the values stated in the
Schedules based upon a minimum specific creepage distance of 20mm per kV
rated voltage between phases or as specified elsewhere for medium polluted
atmospheres. Unless otherwise stated in the schedules, the final creepage
distance shall be approved by the Engineer based on recommendation of the
contractor that includes evaluation of site location, pollution and environmental in
accordance to IEC 60815.
5.2 Corona
Equipment shall be designed so as to minimize corona or other electrical

discharge and radio interference. Disconnectors shall be furnished with corona
rings wherever required for corona free operation at the specified maximum
voltage.
5.3 Temperature Rise
Each current carrying component of the equipment supplied shall be capable of

continuous operation at the specified ratings without exceeding the maximum
temperature rises as stated in the appropriate IEC Standards.
5.4 Short Circuit Withstand
Each part of the switchgear shall also withstand, without mechanical or thermal
damage, the instantaneous peak currents and rated short time current
pertaining to the rated breaking capacity of the circuit breaker.
5.5 Construction Details – Disconnector
Disconnector shall be either pantograph type or double rotating post-type with

single air-break. For disconnectors of nominal voltage 500kV, vertical break or
double side break type is acceptable. The disconnector shall be complete with
switch blades, contacts, operating mechanisms, corona rings (only if necessary),
terminal pads, bases and leveling bolts, and with all bolts, nuts, and other
hardware required to assemble the switches, mount the insulators, and mount the
switches and operating mechanisms on steel structures. The use of shims as
leveling devices is acceptable. These switches shall use materials that will operate
within acceptable corona limits at the rated line-to-line voltage.
Switch operators for the 500kV disconnect switches shall be provided for each
phase mounted on the corresponding structure and shall be electrically group
operated. Switch operators for the 132 & 275kV disconnect switches shall be
grouping operated utilizing a single motor operator with mechanical linkage
connecting all three phases.
5.5.1 Voltage Types
132kV disconnector shall be of Range I type as defined in IEC 62271-1 Table 1a.
500kV and 275kV disconnector shall be of Range II type as defined in IEC 62271-1
Table 2a.
Test voltages with respect to isolating distance between the terminals shall be as
specified in this standard.


5.5.2 Insulators
The insulators shall be wet-process porcelain of the highest grade, dense and
homogeneous. The glaze shall be smooth, hard, dense and uniform and shall
not be affected by weather or sudden change in temperature and salt laden
atmosphere in an area subject to intense lightning storms. The entire porcelain
surface of the insulator that will be exposed after assembly shall be glazed and
shall be relatively free from imperfections. Colour of porcelain surface shall be
dark brown for 275kV and 132kV and grey colour for 500kV.
Porcelain shall be free from defects and thoroughly vitrified and the glaze shall
not be depended upon for insulation. Creepage distances shall be to guidelines
stated in Schedule B, The creepage distance measured from the insulator metal
cap to the base over the insulation cells shall not be less than 20mm per kV of
rated voltage between phases or as specified in Specification, whichever is
higher.
Damaged insulators shall be replaced without exception.
Porcelain insulators shall be secured in an approved manner, preferably by

means of bolts or metal clamping plates with suitable packing material
interposed.
Porcelain shall not engage directly with hard metal and where necessary
approved water and oil resistant yielding material shall be interposed between
the porcelain or glass fittings. All porcelain clamping surfaces shall be of
approved quality applied in an approved manner and shall not be chemically
active with the metal parts or cause fracture by expansion in service. Where
cement is used as a fixing medium, the cement thickness shall be as small and
as even as possible and care shall be taken to correctly centre and locate the
individual parts during cementing.
Each insulator shall have marked on it the manufacturer’s name or trademark,

the year and month of manufacture and the manufacturer’s serial number.
Marks shall be legible and indelible after assembly of fittings, shall be imprinted
and not impressed. For porcelain insulators, the marks shall be imprinted before
firing and shall be clearly legible after firing and glazing.
All fittings and clamps shall be hot-dip galvanized, malleable iron or bronze. The
minimum of zinc coating shall comply to the requirements of ASTM A153 or
approved equivalent. Bolts and nuts shall be galvanized after being threaded.
Excessive zinc shall be removed and the nuts shall run freely (by hand) over the
entire length of the thread. Aluminum fittings and clamps shall not be used.
All insulators and hardware shall operate corona free at rated line-to-line voltages.
It is the intent of this specification that all equipment, materials and fabrication
shall conform to the latest revision of applicable codes and standards. Equivalent
codes, specifications and standards established and approved in the country of
equipment or material manufacture may be subject to TNB approval.
5.5.3 Current carrying capacity
Disconnector shall be designed for live operations and required to switch charging
current of open busbars and bus-transfer load currents shunted by parallel busbar
through bus-coupler circuit breaker.


Disconnector parts shall be capable of carrying the continuous current at ambient
temperature as specified in TTS-SS-GEN without exceeding the temperature rises
listed in applicable IEC standard(s), latest revision, and shall have sufficient
strength for all mechanical requirements.
5.5.4 Disconnector blades
All disconnector shall be furnished with copper or aluminum alloy live parts.
Copper switch blades shall be hard drawn. Aluminum switch blades shall be
aluminum alloy (E91e BS2895 or equivalent).
All other switch components fabricated of copper and in contact with aluminum
shall be provided with electrical joint compound between the contact surfaces.
5.5.5 Primary current carrying contacts
Disconnector contacts shall be high-pressure, silver coated contacts with coating

thickness of minimum of 20micron ,wiping action type for self-cleaning. The jaw
contact fingers of switches so equipped shall be designed to increase contact
pressure with increasing current. Contact finger pressure springs shall be outside
of the load current path. All make-break contacts shall be made with silver coating
layer. Make-break contacts shall be capable of withstanding at least 1,000
operations, while maintaining full nameplate current carrying capability. The
contacts shall carry their rated load and short circuit currents without overheating
or welding and at the end of a two-year period the maximum torque required at the
operating handle to open a 3 - phase switch shall not exceed 340 N-m.
Silver shall not be applied directly to aluminum. The silver shall be applied to a
base of copper and then tin plated to prevent the wash of copper salts over
aluminum. Each tenderer shall state the method of silver application they propose
to use in the space provided in the proposal data pages.
Arcing tips made of tungsten or other suitable materials shall be provided.
The use of welded parts is not allowed on any of the disconnector parts.
5.5.6 Terminal pads
Disconnectors shall be furnished with cylindrical terminals or single terminal pads

with 14.3mm diameter bolt holes on 44.45mm centers (NEMA arrangement). Both
sides of each terminal pad shall be suitable for electrical connection to the bus
system. Terminal pads shall be provided with at least one horizontally configured
terminal pad and these terminal pads shall be of adequate strength to support the
longest section of tubular bus connected to it.
For single terminal type, the quantity and arrangement of bolt holes in pad shall be
coordinated with the switch continuous current rating and shall be in accordance
with the following table:
Rated normal current Quantity of Bolt Hole Arrangement

(In) (A) Bolt Holes
1250A, 1600A & 2,000A 4 Square
3150A, 4000A & 5000A 6 Rectangular, with longer perpendicular
dimension to center line of switch
For the cylindrical terminal type, it shall conform to the current ratings of the
disconnector.


5.5.7 Bearings
The Contractor shall furnish all miscellaneous brackets and bearing supports not
already indicated on the steel structure drawings, and bolting materials needed to
install them on the steel structures. Disconnector bearings other than the thrust
type bearings shall be of the sealed, permanent lubrication type.
The operation of disconnector shall not cause significant movement of the jumper
conductor connected to the terminal pad.
5.6 Construction Details - Earthing Switches
All feeder disconnector shall be fitted with approved three phase line earthing
devices, mechanically coupled or interlocked with the main disconnector so that
the earthing device and disconnector cannot be closed at the same time. The
feeder disconnector and line earthing switches shall be provided with facility to
connect auxiliary contacts for under voltage relays to prevent closing of the
earthing switch even if the line disconnector is open as the line may be
energized from the remote end. The under voltage relays are to be included in
the control panel and to be supplied by the contractor. The earthing contact
shall not be part of the feeder disconnector’s current conducting arm.
Earthing switches shall be furnished with earthing flexible copper braided

conductor with a minimum cross-section of 300mm2 for the attachment to the
steel structure.
5.7 Operating Mechanism
Operating mechanism shall be complete with interphase shafts (where

applicable), operating rods, couplings, guide bearings, gear boxes, mounting
brackets, motor operators, and all bolts, nuts, and other hardware required to
assemble the operating mechanism and mount the operating mechanism on
steel structures.
All levers, interphase shafts, and operating rods shall be cut to length and
threaded at the factory. All group operator components fabricated of ferrous
materials, excluding operator components mounted in motor operator
enclosures, shall be hot-dip galvanised after fabrication or shall be stainless
steel. All switch interphase-operating pipes shall be of push & pull type at each
phase.
5.7.1 Manual Operations
The earthing switches shall be mechanically group operated, except for the 550
kV which shall be individually operated. Manual operating mechanism shall be
located 1 metre above the steel structure base-plate and shall be of the swing
handle or heavy-duty geared crank type with gearbox. Manual operating
mechanism shall not require an operating force greater than 220 Newtons.
Earthing switches shall be manually operated at the local position and any
remote operation of the earthing switch is NOT permitted.
5.7.2 Motorised Operations
For 500kV disconnectors, the operating mechanism shall be electrically group

operated with three operating motor.


For 275kV and below disconnectors, the operating mechanism shall be
electrically and mechanically group operated with one operating motor.
Each operating motor shall be located such that the hub of the manual
operating handle is located 1metre above the steel structure base-plate.
Each operating mechanism shall have provisions for manual operation without
removal or disassembly of the motor operator. Insertion of the manual crank
shall electrically disconnect the motor control circuit and release any limit
stops.
Operating motor shall have sealed bearings with permanent lubrication. The
operating mechanism shall be equipped with external adjustable mechanical
stops.
The component of the control panel shall be fully accessible and preferably
using the swing out type. The door handle(s) must be operable with one hand,
and have provisions for padlocking.
The door shall be of swing out type for access to all components inside the
mechanism. Sliding type cover shall not be accepted.
This manual operation shall not require an operating force greater than 220
Newton.
A mechanical limit stops shall be supplied to prevent over travel.
5.7.3 Auxiliary switches
Each operating mechanism shall be with an array of auxiliary switches enclosed

in an IP 54 weatherproof housing equipped with a cable gland plate. Each
contact shall have a continuous current rating of at least 5 amperes at 110V DC
(nominal). Each auxiliary switch contact shall be wired to a straight-through
terminal block, or any other of an approved type in the associated disconnector
operating motor housing. The auxiliary switches are to be designed in such a
way that they are easily accessible and replaceable. The auxiliary switch
housing shall contain an adequately sized 240V AC anti-condensation space
heater.
Each motor operated switch shall be provided with a set of reliable wiping
contact type of auxiliary switch assembly mounted to the operating rod. Cam
actuated type must be adjusted and locked at the factory by suitable means. The
use of plastic cam is not permitted. This auxiliary switch shall be mounted in a
weatherproof housing with a cable gland plate for installing cable to the
auxiliary switch contacts.
The auxiliary switch shall function with the operating mechanism at all times,
either in the motor or manual (crank) mode of operation.
The number of auxiliary switch contacts (normally open and normally close)
shall be in accordance to TNB approved scheme.
The use of multiplying contacts for protection purposes is not permitted.
Each motor operator shall be mounted in non-corrosion type aluminum or

stainless steel or hot-dipped galvanised enclosure suitable for protecting the


operating mechanism during 45 m/s wind with driving rain. Painted enclosures
are not acceptable.
Over-current protection shall be provided for both motor control and heater
circuits utilizing molded case circuit breakers on each circuit. The motor
contactors shall be mechanically or electrically interlocked to prevent
simultaneous energisation of both contactors.
5.7.4 Interlocks
All disconnector and earthing switches shall be provided with continuously rated
solenoid bolt-type electrical interlock system rated at 125 V d.c. All these
interlocks shall be of fail safe type. Suitable individual interlocking arrangements
shall be provided. The mechanical interlocking system shall be between line
disconnector and earth switches.
6.0 TECHNICAL DATA
6.1 Equipment Data Sheet of 500kV Outdoor Disconnector and Earthing Switches
Description Unit 1½ Breaker System
Feeder Bay Transformer Centre bay

Bay
Rated Voltage :
Nominal : Un kVrms 500
Maximum : Um kVrms 550
Rated Continuous Current, Arms 4000 4000 4000

In
Rated Bus-transfer Current Arms As specified in IEC 62271-102

(for bus disconnector), Ib
• 80% of In with a
maximum of 1600A
Rated Short-Time kArms 50

Withstand Current, Ith
Rated Duration of Short sec 1

Circuit
Rated Peak Withstand kApeak 125

Current
Rated Making Current kApeak IEC 62271- - -

102 Class A
(induced current ) For Line
DS
Rated short-circuit Making kApeak 125

Current for earthing
switches only


Description Unit 1½ Breaker System
Feeder Bay Transformer Centre bay

Bay
o
Temperature Rise C IEC 62271-1 Clause 4.4.2 & Table 3
Rated Contact Zone IEC 62271-102 Table 1 & 2
Rated Mechanical Terminal N IEC 62271-102 Table 3

Load
Rated Auxiliary Voltage DC (V) 125
Description Unit Feeder Transformer Bus-coupler

Bay Bay Bay &
1½Breaker
System
Rated Voltage :
Rated Continuous Current, In Arms 1600 1600 4000

(2500 for
1000MVA)

• 80% of In with a maximum
of 1600A
Rated Short-Time Withstand kArms 50

Current, Ith

Circuit

Current

(induced current ) For Line 102 Class
DS A
Rated short-circuit Making kApeak 125

Current for earthing switches
only


Bay Bay Bay &
1½Breaker
System
o

Load

Bay Bay Bay &
583MVA OHL
Rated Voltage :
Rated Continuous Current, In Arms 1600 1600 3150

* 80% of In with a maximum of
1600A
Rated Short-Time Withstand kArms 31.5

Current, Ith

Circuit

Current

(induced current ) 102 Class
A
For Line DS
o

Load


Bay Bay Bay &
583MVA OHL
7.0 TESTS
Type Tests, Routine Tests, Additional Test and Site Acceptance Tests shall be
referred to Product Testing and Inspection document (TTS – SS – TEST).



Outdoor Disconnectors & Earthing Switches

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OUTDOOR DISCONNECTORS AND EARTHING SWITCHES

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Doc. No. TTS-SS-DS Revision No. 0 Date 1 June 2011 Page 1 of 12

The specification is to be read together with General Requirement Specification

The disconnector and/or earthing switches and ancillaries shall be designed,

IEC 60865-1 Corrigendum 1 - Short-circuit currents - Calculation of

IEC/TS 60815-2 Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators

3.0 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Doc. No. TTS-SS-DS Revision No. 0 Date 1 June 2011 Page 2 of 12

Maximum Continuous Voltage kV r.m.s. 550 300 145

Symmetrical Short Circuit kA r.m.s. / s 50 / 1 40 /3 or (50/3 31.5/3

Lightning Impulse kV(peak) 1550 1050 650

Power Frequency kV(rms) 620 395 275

5.0 DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Doc. No. TTS-SS-DS Revision No. 0 Date 1 June 2011 Page 3 of 12

Equipment shall be designed so as to minimize corona or other electrical

5.3 Temperature Rise

Each current carrying component of the equipment supplied shall be capable of

5.4 Short Circuit Withstand

5.5 Construction Details – Disconnector

Disconnector shall be either pantograph type or double rotating post-type with

5.5.1 Voltage Types

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Doc. No. TTS-SS-DS Revision No. 0 Date 1 June 2011 Page 4 of 12

Damaged insulators shall be replaced without exception.

Porcelain insulators shall be secured in an approved manner, preferably by

Each insulator shall have marked on it the manufacturer’s name or trademark,

5.5.3 Current carrying capacity

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Doc. No. TTS-SS-DS Revision No. 0 Date 1 June 2011 Page 5 of 12

5.5.4 Disconnector blades

5.5.5 Primary current carrying contacts

Disconnector contacts shall be high-pressure, silver coated contacts with coating

Arcing tips made of tungsten or other suitable materials shall be provided.

5.5.6 Terminal pads

Disconnectors shall be furnished with cylindrical terminals or single terminal pads

Rated normal current Quantity of Bolt Hole Arrangement

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Doc. No. TTS-SS-DS Revision No. 0 Date 1 June 2011 Page 6 of 12

5.6 Construction Details - Earthing Switches

Earthing switches shall be furnished with earthing flexible copper braided

5.7 Operating Mechanism

Operating mechanism shall be complete with interphase shafts (where

5.7.1 Manual Operations

5.7.2 Motorised Operations

For 500kV disconnectors, the operating mechanism shall be electrically group

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Doc. No. TTS-SS-DS Revision No. 0 Date 1 June 2011 Page 7 of 12

A mechanical limit stops shall be supplied to prevent over travel.

5.7.3 Auxiliary switches

Each operating mechanism shall be with an array of auxiliary switches enclosed

The use of multiplying contacts for protection purposes is not permitted.

Each motor operator shall be mounted in non-corrosion type aluminum or

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Doc. No. TTS-SS-DS Revision No. 0 Date 1 June 2011 Page 8 of 12

6.0 TECHNICAL DATA

Description Unit 1½ Breaker System

Feeder Bay Transformer Centre bay

Rated Continuous Current, Arms 4000 4000 4000

Rated Bus-transfer Current Arms As specified in IEC 62271-102

Rated Short-Time kArms 50