Aziza Huseynova - BGE

Introduction
The article "E-cigarettes" focuses on the complexities of the behaviours, motivations, and
perceptions associated with smoking and vaping among Polish adolescents. This demographic often
presents a unique case study for understanding the broader implications of nicotine use in youth.
The essay provides broader information on a topic that is extremely important to educators,
legislators, and health experts by carefully examining the nuances of teenage smoking behaviours.
This systematic review seeks to carefully examine the article's research methodology, data collection
strategies, analytical framework, and overall effectiveness of its conclusions. The review is based on
the scholarly precepts outlined in "Research Methods" by N. Walliman and "Research Methods" by
Matthews and Ross. This review aims to evaluate the study's findings' reliability as well as investigate
its wider implications for the area of public health, especially in light of the growing trends in
teenage smoking and vaping practices.

Research Purpose and Context

Walliman emphasises in his writing the vital necessity of precisely defining a research issue
in order to direct the entire research process. The essay titled "E-cigarettes" successfully pinpoints a
noteworthy gap in the literature: comprehending Polish teenage attitudes and practises around
vaping and smoking. Since e-cigarettes and other new nicotine delivery devices have become
popular, this problem is extremely relevant. A clear and directed study question is crucial, according
to Matthews and Ross. The essay aims to address this by investigating the reasons behind, trends,
and attitudes of Polish teenagers towards nicotine consumption, providing an understanding of the
psychological and social dimensions of this problem. The study's emphasis on the Polish context
provides geographical and cultural significance and complies with Walliman, Matthews, and Ross's
recommendations for a precise research goal and setting. This method enriches the field and directs
future study by addressing a topic in public health research and opening up new research directions.

Sampling Approach:

With an emphasis on focus group interviews (FGI) with Polish teenagers between the ages of
16 and 18, the study uses a qualitative methodology. The goal of comprehending young people's
opinions on smoking and vaping is congruent with the demographic choices made. Since it falls into
a crucial window when teenagers are most likely to start smoking, the age range chosen is
appropriate. Nonetheless, concerns are raised by the study's geographic restriction to just three
cities. The lack of rural viewpoints may restrict how far the findings may be applied, even though the
experience of urban adolescents is covered. Furthermore, because the survey only included
participants in secondary education, it may have missed perspectives from teenagers who do not
attend official schools.

Overall Research Method: Adolescents' experiences and attitudes towards smoking and
vaping can be explored through the aspect of the qualitative approach. This approach makes it
possible to thoroughly examine individual motives, viewpoints, and social settings—an essential
component of the study's goal. When used effectively, FGIs can disclose deeper insights into group
dynamics and peer influences on smoking behaviour by eliciting varied opinions and fostering
engagement. On the other hand, the study's dependence on qualitative data can be considered a
drawback. Although it offers a deeper insight of both individual and group viewpoints, the lack of
quantitative data makes it more difficult to analyse correlations, trends, and prevalence in a way that
is statistically significant.

Data Collection
One of the study's strengths is the focus group data collection method, which gathers a
range of viewpoints. Walliman emphasises the significance of thorough data gathering in qualitative
research, which the study satisfies by working with a reputable business. Matthews and Ross,
however, draw attention to the need for openness in the participant selection process, an area in
which the paper should be more specific, especially with regard to the selection criteria and sample
representativeness.

Data Analysis

Walliman's suggestions for qualitative data analysis are in accordance with the thematic
analysis methodology. This approach offers meaningful conclusions by methodically categorising
patterns in the data. Matthews and Ross emphasise the significance of an open and honest analysis
process, though. The article's reputation might be increased by providing specifics about the coding
procedure and theme development, which would guarantee that the analysis is trustworthy and
repeatable.

Analysis of Literature:
The essay demonstrates a thorough understanding of the subject by contextualising its
findings within a wide range of current research on adolescent smoking and vaping behaviours in
Poland. It cites important research on the physiological effects of nicotine on adolescents, the global
trends in teenage smoking, and the factors that influence young people to start and continue
smoking. These references are essential for demonstrating the seriousness of teenage smoking.
Nonetheless, there is a little gap in the article's discussion of the literature. It skillfully employs
citations to highlight the significance of its topic, but it falls short in its critical examination of these
sources in light of its own conclusions. By providing new viewpoints from previous studies, a deeper
analytical engagement with the literature would have enhanced the study's contribution to the
scholarly conversation on adolescent smoking. In order to gain a comprehensive knowledge and
advance the scholarly discourse, research must adopt this critical perspective.

Results and Interpretation :

The "E-cigarettes" article follows to Walliman's standards for qualitative research and
improves clarity by logically grouping its findings into separate ideas. Thematic arrangement
enables a targeted analysis of teenage smoking habits. As Matthews and Ross suggest, the article
would benefit from a more critical comparative examination of existing material. A deeper
understanding would result from such an analysis, which would also emphasise the study's
distinctive contributions by placing the findings within current research. Further investigation into
the societal, psychological, and cultural aspects that contribute to adolescent smoking and vaping
may also provide insightful information for public health campaigns and educational initiatives. This
would increase the results' importance and direct future study and policy-making in this crucial field.
Discussion and Implications
As suggested by Walliman, the discussion skillfully connects the results to the larger body of
literature and considers their implications for public health initiatives. It offers insightful information
about how well-received the present anti-smoking initiatives are among teenagers. Although the
paper should be more clear in this regard, Matthews and Ross emphasise the significance of talking
about constraints. The study might be strengthened by acknowledging its limitations, which include
sample size, geographic coverage, and potential biases in self-reported data.

Conclusions The conclusions drawn are coherent with the study’s findings, adhering to
Walliman’s and Matthews and Ross’s principles. The study concludes with practical implications for
public health policies and suggests areas for future research. This alignment of the conclusions with
the research objectives and findings ensures the study’s coherence and relevance.

Overall Evaluation The article "E-cigarettes" investigates the domains of smoking and
vaping practises among teenagers in Poland. Its qualitative methodology skillfully conveys the
subtleties and complexity of these behaviours, offering insightful information on the attitudes and
motives of this particular group of people. Though rich in detail, relying only on qualitative data has
limitations in terms of breadth and generalizability. Adding quantitative data could provide a more
complete picture by enabling the identification of wider statistical trends in addition to the detailed
qualitative findings. Although the study's localised perspective adds depth, its geographical
concentration naturally restricts its broader usefulness. Adolescents in Poland may not behave,
think in the same ways as adolescents in other countries. Therefore, broadening the demographic
and geographic scope of future research endeavours could be beneficial. Further research might
provide broader findings by including a more diverse demographic sample. This extension would
improve the research's applicability while also advancing a more comprehensive grasp of this crucial
public health concern on a larger scale.

Recommendations for Future Research

A mixed-methods strategy could be extremely helpful for future research on the smoking
and vaping behaviours of adolescents. This would provide a more comprehensive picture of these
behaviours and attitudes by combining quantitative data with qualitative observations. With this
approach, a more comprehensive study that takes into account both trends and in-depth viewpoints
might be produced. It is also crucial to broaden the study's geographic and demographic scope
because doing so would provide insights that are more relevant and applicable in a variety of
cultural and social contexts. These improvements would not only deepen the knowledge base but
also strengthen the foundation for effective public health interventions and policies.

Conclusion
To summarise, the article "E-cigarettes" significantly advances our knowledge of teenage
smoking behaviour, especially in relation to e-cigarettes. The qualitative methodology it employs is
consistent with the methodological guidelines outlined by Walliman, Matthews, and Ross. The study
provides insightful information, but it also emphasises the need for more varied research topics and
more expansive research approaches in the future. According to this study, the publication makes a
significant contribution to the field of research on adolescent health, with potential for
methodological advancement and broader reach in follow-up investigations.