Cnaptter

Addition of Vectors
CHAPTER

04 WEIGHTAGE
LAOS 0

IMPORTANT NOTEs
SAQs1 VSAas 2

direction.
magnitude and
Vector with specified
line segment zero vector.
Avector isa magnitude, is called
with zero specified.
A vector vectoris not
zero
The direction of
ypes ofVectors
Unit Vector vector.
magnitude is called unit
unit
Avectorwith magnitudes are equal,
direction is same and
Equal Vectors
called equal vectors, if their
Two vectors are initial points.
their
irrespective ofposition of magnitude and
their
Collinear Vectors
to the same line, irrespective of
vectors parallel
Collinear Vectors are the
direction.
Like Vectors known as like vectors.
direction are
Two vectors, in the same
Unlike Vectors vectors.
known as unlike
opposite direction are
Twovectors, in the
Negatlve of a Vector directionof a, is known as negative
magnitude as vector a but in the opposite
The vector with same
vector ofa.
Vectors
Coplanar parallel to the same plane.
the same plane or
Coplanar vectors are defined as the vectors in
Addition Laws of Vectors
1. Triangle Law of Vectors
IfA, B, Care vertices of AABC then,
B
A= AB+ BC
2
Parallelogram Law of Vectors
If AB= a, AD= b are adjacent sides of parallelogram, then,
A =AB +AD.
Properties of Vector Addition
For anytwo
vectors aand b, a +b=b+a.
For any three vectors a.b and c. (a
+b)+c=a +(btc).
 102
sER. sc;t, +=a+tb r tn M position (mtn#0),
the then
Pof
na t Mb is vector
is, andc vectorsb the m:n ratio the in segment
AB line thdivides e P
point. through
the passing to
the respect with andB pointsA
l and A(a) and origin O
equation vector Theorem:
The of position
the vectors are 'b' and Theorem:'a' If
tphe of
vectors.
collinear are bthen
a, 180, or =0 b)(, If
vectors.
unlike are ba,onlify and if
180' =b)(,
vectors.
P
R.te
+tb, a )perpendicular
-(1 = are bthena, 90, =b)
(, If
d A(a) points
anB through
the passing
vectors.
equation
of vector Theorem:
The like are andb aifonly and if 0' =b)(,
r=tb,
R.te )(@, 180°- h=(-ã, =b) -(
to
r the parallel and originOthrough =(-,-5) b)(,
of
line theequation Corollary:
The
Then, vectors. non-zero be ba,Let
D
b
P to
te tb,
R. =at b
r isvector the
he
and (a) pointA tthrough passing line a
the
equation
of vector TheTheorem: B
onlxif
(a,b). by
yi y and =0if zc +yb txathen
ar :If
are c. b,a,Corollary denoted is andb vectorsa between Angle
|r b.and vectorsa between
zc +yb =xat 0'<
that, angle called AOB
is then 180,ZAOB<
if b OB = a, =OA and points
BA, O, the For
scalars
eT
. the vectin
or oftriad unique
any isexistsarndvectorsthere Vectors Non-Zero TwoBetween Angle
Theorem: mb. +ma
+b)= m(a then
three are ,c b,a, If vectors, two are ,b anda scalar ais mIt
= xif
0.=y =(-k)-a)if
0.
k< kaand 0k> if
ea=0iratf tyb non xatahreenscalars,band CorolaIlarae ry: magnitude
y andxkju| the othis
erwika
se withscaldirection
ar a ofzero the thisvector
in
e vect
koror
zero the 'a'is either if Obe tosaid vector
iska
th tyb. r=xa Then scalar. abe andk vector abe aLet
Vector Multiplication
aof Scalar
anyd scalarsx unique exit there then
4by vectors. like
pports
rheof ofpair determined holds
vectors are andb if
a only and if Equality
vector
in any is rand 7-5|a1-5| (i)
twWO Theorem:
are andb a If +5|>la|+|5| la ()
vector 2 then, vectors,
Pof two are
the |
=nand thenm AB +0=0
+a vectors
a a, any For (ii )
ine position Corollary: =a.If
ba,
of
midpoint the is PIf Year) (FiMathematics-I
rst (A)
 103
2k+3j- 47 -
+3k +7+27 -5k a+b=2+
+27 V14
k+3j+ 2ivector= Unit
+j3k
+ 2i = b
5k -=2i+
2j k V14
are,vectors Given vector= Unit
Sol. k+3j+ 2i
Q3] 4.7.7, [S.P, 3k. 5k
+j+ andb=2i a=2i+2j-
vectors, he of
SUm (1)ation
unit the Find
corresponding
valin
ues Substituting
the
thdirecion
a of in
the vector 3.
/14V4+9+1= =
(1} +(3}+ /(2 +k|= 3j |2+i la=l
is, direction
a of the
inandmagnitude7 having vector The .. la|
--i ..1) vector= Unit
2
lal=/i'+-2
-/5 1 as, given is ection
of
the vector
in for
unit expression The
lal +k+3j 2i =
vector
is a vector
is, Given
given tdirection
he of the vector
in unit The
March-14,
Q5] May-17,
| Q6 (TS) Aug.-22,
| Q7 (TS)
Q2] 4.7.7, [S.P, Sol. á=21+3j+k.
uns.magnitude7 has thatä=-) Q1] 4.7.7, [S.P,
vector
2. directon
of hevector
in unit Find
vector directlon
of the vector
in Finda
(TSPs) Problems Solved Jextbook
tetrahedron
4 is of
a+b+c+d
the Then terahedron
D, C,B, A, vertices
of vectors
of position are dc,b, a,If
centre vector
of position is
3triangle of
B,A, vectors
of position care ABC,triangle
b, a, if In
centroidG vector
of position then Cvertices
a,.,a, vectors
a, combination
of
be a, , a,a,and scalars are If
..x X, X,
linear knownas +xa
is +xa, x,a then vectors, par
*** of
+ VectorsCombinatlon
all unot and zy, x, scalars exist there uif
=0. z+u x+y t and =0 ud +zc +yb +xa that such zero orem:Four
points
B,A,
and b,
d cvectora, position with Cand D
andcoplanar are
if respectively D)
ty+z=0. andx 0 =zc +yb +xathat such
exist there if
onlyif and collinear are C) and B(b) A(a), points :Three erem
all (not y,x,
zscalars +sc +tb =(1-t
as) - 7
R. ewhere st, is, )
passing plane of
the equation The ollary:
and B(B) point
A(a), noncollinear threethrough
+sc,t,seR. tb + a t)=(-1 r isvectorc
through passing plane of
the equation The ollary:
to
the parallel and B(b) ),A(a points the
Chapter
04-
 (iü) (i) Sol. 5. Sol. 4.
. equation(1), direction
Mathematics-I
divides Find
ratio vectors Unit =
Unit vector vector
Unit =
2:1 is the The ratio the The Consider The Direction vector
Given is,
direction
cosines. Write
The ä=j+j- Substituting |+5| The
join line 2 the vector of
=
R position OR
= OR
= position direction
of :12 :1, the
position OP p=1,4=1,
r=-2
-6 -i+j- 2k expression
joining
is, () fwo directilal-i+1+-2Y
on direction +b (A)
P 1 ratios = =
2(+ m = 2k
andvector O0 vector internally line points cosines 4i+37 2k
- /4j+(3)
4i/16+9+4 +(-2) - |47 l+b|= +b is (First
m+n 3ä-2b and the given
b)- b)+ P vector
joining of /29 /29 +3j Year)
2+1 +n cosines +3j
of and of P vector ratios
hence corresponding- for
externally Qthe (3- OP of 2k - as,
t@he and andQ
of the = 2E|
P and ares unit
26) point 2b) internallypoint a given of v29
ã=
(ii) andpoint
OQ is, a calculate
in R 5 4.7.7,
[S.P,Q5] with 4.7.7,
[S.P,Q4] the vector
externally.
R Q = vector
the
dividing dividing R
position values
in in
which vector in
ratio the a+b. are,
the 2 .)
its in the

AB Sol. 8. OA Sol. 7. Sol. 6.

.: and 5=1-2)i
BC AB =
= Given, with
=å
=
D From
ADAO BC ABCDEF AB Let Then, t+Let vectors The =(3-
AD [S.P, and b.
respectively.a awi th Let, D +(-1+4JTu4)k= | =2-3)7 are of
aShow
OD = = + A 26, |AB-|B+|CCAR |AB-(V-I
and points +(-2+- (2i-j
-3j- A
=
= A0 figure, sidesAll 4.7.7, AC+centre BBCBADA OB'O BCP=(V2+(-D+} )i the
AO+ CD AC be position A, that
is Q8] C = = = Expr
3ä+b
en -(/1+3+s}= 35 +(-4+3 +(-3*t
+ = = B,are angled
vertices
right *+k),
'0 arinea DE regular
a (TS) ADDEF å- (ã+ (ã+
'O'. = 2äthe AC, the
AOOD Figure + (2 0C- origin
- 4.7.7,
[s.P,
QT] DA,BÃ Cand vertices
fout be J-)k +3)j
is t21, 25)- 26) b, B(*3
5k).points
= Show
AE be vectors
2b,20 [S.P,
[: the equal EF
hexagon. Q13|(TS) 04OC +(-4+
+b)-b-ã.
(2 (3 angled
1right of 4.7I,
centre, = AF that a = = and
Fromn AF regular -(à+2).
- + and Q6]
May-17, 3AD = b) March
(TS) BC =- S) (TS)
regular hex b) =
= Intem
6.lCA
a12| 36-à - OD A
e(IMquation = hexog
6A0 2i+)
 areThen
vectors Q11] G,, BCD,
[S.P,
4.7.7,
vertices as points DG4.parallelogram
is Q12]
thesegment
Chapter-
04 -0HOD) AH=2H0 faces
respectively 3:1. are andD of 105
+ which Let 3:1 and4.7.7, a- intersection
opposite ofA
tetrahedron. OD
AH 2(HO position reference.
ratio the ratio and
the OB OB.[s.P,b,
=¿
+
0A + + respectively centroids the +la b+o+d).
of CG: the +
HÃ 2HO joining b+ctd the
vectors thatdiagonal=
OC = ABC in 3(6++d) BG2, figure.
20D - + the the in OB
2HDHA of andA
H 3
AG1
DG4 Prove diagonal of
and be a of
lines the D\P{ 4 ’ point
+ + = origin figure. Figure 3 (a+ position AG1, =b the
and (ã+b+i+)
Figure
=b 0A HA
20D
d D of centroids be = divides
Then,
OG1 OA.the in
OB = = andand the concurrent.
are
the G,
ABD a the 0C theshown M1 D
vertices =
OP
’ of be risects
0C HC +
+2HOc C that and
the
P - the CG3 of
each OABC by ã,
ä:
= + + b, be A in point OP Similarly midpoint =
trisected
be
+OBHB B, the O G, CAD,shown BG2, OA M as C
B
OA a, A, prove on
+ HA Let of the to
Let OD :.0A HA Let G., A Let to Plies Let CD Let, Let CD b
dividing and
= equal Sol.
(ii) 11. Sol. .. 12. OB
(1)
[IM. (3) [IM] 6AO
equation
respectively,
vectors
of Q9] the asthe
[S.P,
4.7.7, figure. and Q10] and
CD) vector D below.
that 4.7.7,circumcentre
circumcentre
+(AC+=3AD position A
=
=3AD (a+5+).
and show [S.P,
position in figure
+AE+AF
AB+AC+AD [:
From C
ABCshow -4+b+c BC.
AD AF are and is, then+OB
OH 2HO the of
+OC=
AD A =2:1
of c), G 3 the
+ + c B the centroid
A Figureof HC=as in point
theorthocentre,
Figure
)BD +
+AD AE
b, A, that1 is
3 vertex+ vector1(O4)
OD+
2 show
3(2A0)
= GD (b is
+1.a 'O' with'O'
mid
= +AD a,if vertices
D D
6AO Gcentroid 2+1 +
Consider,+=(AB AD AB+AC+
ABC,
prove thethe AG: -
through OD position 2(5
+c
) If
2+1
ABC, OA
HB is the
+ ABCorthocentre
be the HA be
= the G Then, 2 D
A of then the Let median The 0G 10.
In
A
A His (0) (i) The Let
In
Sol. as
. Sol."H
9.
 OC Sol. 14. Given,
Sol. 13. Mathematis-l(A)
Year)
(First
m be
BC AB
OC= -c
7a OB OAnon-coplanar
position Let 3c,7a-c
vectors.are vectorsShowSolving and Comparing 3x ’3 -2B 3a
s = =-b-=3a 2c - = =a+ =- A, + 3a 2x (x Let Let
6a
(0C- (a+ OB B 6x 12y (r + + a, CD
- 2a
vectors and that
equations + + =2B, 2)4y) b OM
, 2b 26+ -OA are 3y = =2(y 4y)
2b+3b be
a a trisects
- +3c C -2 the +3 2y the then + p=.an=2
d *1
2(+1q) :
(1) 4c OB) 3c) are - -2r a (2x-3y-non-collinear + MB
+and be
5c a = 4x+4
coefficients +3 (2x
and =(7a = - the [S.P, 4x find OB
(-2a+ collinear +3b
points (1) + 91 +
2 O
points, 4.7.7, - 2) (2r P p:l
(2), (3a -c)-
be and 6y x y+ andOB gà+ 26
- +5c, ’ a ty and
BC b 3b the Q14] whose (2), 2’2x - + 1) 1) and
-2c) (a+ 7x 2 +
= + origin.
OA,OB (TS) when y. bvectors. b CM
AB 5c) x + of (2r 1) are
2b a = 10y a b [s.P, and trisects
CD.
+ May-17,Q5 position 2, +9y and -
.. 3c)
(1).. +2b
a, y = 3y MD:
(2) and 4 4.7.7, such
b, =...2) =...(1) b, 1) - B If
=
c +
- -5
1 b Q13] that (y a q:1
=
17A -32
-1(3d -1(3A Sol.
+
-1(3(2 -43|-1 -3
5 As 15.
+ à+1|17
146 18 the Let,
46
- + [AB AD AC
3i- Given 3]-4k,-I+ that = AÍ -k,21
7 = 3-21)-5
+18) + given ACAB
0202 1) ABOD 2j he
- - AC
i+7j+(a
+1)k = = =
-4i+3j+ 3k =
OC OB OA vectors
-K,27+3j +6]
+5(- = = =
= OD
35 7(3)) =0
vectors
AD 4i+5j+ -4i -itj+2k --7+5j 3k
- = = =
= poslonpoints
(-44-4-3)-3
+93=0 AB,AC, -OA
0C-it 27+3j4k
- OB
4i+5j-itj+ =
2i+3j =
3i March-20,
(TS)
-7)-3(-31) - AB.AC =0] 3j+ -OA - - are, Q15]
4.77,
(s.P,
17l46 k+
5(-4(0
-3(- are Ak 5j OA whose
+ -3k + - 2j -
AD
coplanar,-3i+2j+k 3k - Ak2k 4k-k 4k, are
4(7) AD]
(-28-3) + 3i+2j 3i+2j+k - -i+jj+2k,Ai*s. coplanor
- - 1) =are
=0 1(3) 0
[1M] 1(3) Coplanar +k
==0
0
[2M]
 scalar. 18. 17
The 0.
vectorof
-26. through
P.line through
vector the Fin d :. The are hat line : through Let ore me In
15= From Since, i=3i+j-k) Equating 3- The
Th>t=-2.
e1-f=3 two Using Ii*"rab=xi
equations vector such vector the three line d,the A U
A = anda' lne theshg
OP 26= pointsvector b
AP AP=15AP i=(1-)+tb. -(T1he -) epointthse veThcetor hvo
equation
is the
that 3i equation the also
pasntssing the
.a+ndpoi=1-tt[=1. vector ty a =a(a vector
)+4= = + equatiaon () 'b' 1whose
= given(1-)+tbfor
l-0aitI(bj). equation
j,
(1)
(2i-j+2k) + j-k. 2i-j+2k
AP point corresponding passes (3
i, and
(2i- =
and whose
tahrough then B B dlmet
+tb, eqA(uaaa)ndtion isl. mens
hods,lonal
and(2) of points equation of =IntercepBs
j b z
+2Ã), the 15, IfP Aand theof
through is. of -2b) two teR. B(0) isl of=b7 (0
the
+5 find whoseis the =(1- the ) the
plane,
2i- =+3t given a which line are some position
4.8[S..1P1,Q3,] the point collinear.
coefficients, line 4.8.11,
[S.PQ2], are points, the of line line
»t-=+5
j where line parallel the
9ya=atb.nd , (s.P, equaton
lon
position position scalar the prove
2k) + is, onpasses straight
passing collinear.vectors prove AB passing 4.8.11,
. 2) . 1) this t. point
is to is Q1) axes ofby
- OD
is OB
is points Sol. 19.
.: substituting
r points
The =-4c=0+0+t
c(-4)
r r
r The Solving Comparing = = -4-2b = =Equation Equation is
Equation Givenare, [S.P, when jolning a+ polnts Show
(1-) r given 2b
int =a(6 pointt=0,s= -3-2s 4s 2sa(2s-1) a(-1+s+s)
t= = -(1-)= OC=-a =-4cOB OA 4.8.1,
-2 -1 )
a(6) a(6t-4c+4ct r=(1-)a+ tb OD a, - the 6athat
equations -3c+ of of as, = = Q4] b,
of (0) in0 of
= =- = +t ofa+2b 6a c 5cpalr 4b - the
+ equations line
(-a-26-3c) line + +
equation 6t b(4s-
+ (- line - - [(TS) are
Intersect
ion intersection 8f- 4t as b(- b(-4f) 4c) 25 4b+
(-4 b (3) 4 c(-3+3s b(
5)
--2 + passing 4) 6at + passing - -3c May-22,
non-coplanar of4c, +lne
2) 2bs + + passing 5c 4c
(0) and () + +2s
polnts Jolning
-
(1), c(-3-25) 3cs
+ s(a + c(8f-4) c(-4 + 4bt - t(6a Q32 at
and + through through 4c
of + is (4).
|(T3) the -
given (2) 23) 2bs-5cs + + +4t 4ct +-4b through aand he
as 26 Chapter 4
(8(0) cobtained + + - + 4c) + March-16, point -2
-4) 5c) 0C 4) OA vectors. the
b- palr
lines . 5)
by 3) . 2) and . 1) and two Q12) 4c- 3e. lrne of