1. DEFINITIONS :
A Vector may be described as a quantity having both magnitude & direction. A vector is generally represented

by a directed line segment, say AB . A is called the initial point & B is called the terminal point. The
 
magnitude of vector AB is expressed by  AB .
Zero Vector a vector of zero magnitude i.e.which has the same initial & terminal point, is called a Zero
Vector. It is denoted by O.
 
Unit Vector a vector of unit magnitude in direction of a vector a is called unit vector along a and is denoted

a
by â symbolically â   .
a
Equal Vectors two vectors are said to be equal if they have the same magnitude, direction & represent the
same physical quantity.

Collinear Vectors two vectors are said to be collinear if their directed line segments are parallel disregards
to their direction. Collinear vectors are also called Parallel Vectors. If they have the same direction they are
named as like vectors otherwise unlike vectors.
   
Simbolically, two non zero vectors a and b are collinear if and only if, a  K b ,

where K  R
Coplanar Vectors a given number of vectors are called coplanar if their line segments are all parallel to the
same plane. Note that “Two Vectors Are Always Coplanar”.
  
Position Vector let O be a fixed origin, then the position vector of a point P is the vector OP . If a & b
  
& position vectors of two point A and B, then, AB = b  a = pv of B  pv of A .
2. VECTOR ADDITION :
   
 
 If two vectors a & b are represented by OA & OB , then their sum a  b is a vector represented by

OC , where OC is the diagonal of the parallelogram OACB.
         
 a  b  b  a (commutative)  (a  b )  c  a  ( b  c) (associativity)
         
 a  0a 0  a  a  ( a ) 0  ( a ) a
3. MULTIPLICATION OF VECTOR BY SCALARS :
   
Ifa is a vector & m is a scalar, then m a is a vector parallel to a whose modulus is m times that of a .
 
This multiplication is called Scalar Multiplication. If a & b are vectors & m, n are scalars, then:
     
m ( a )  ( a )m  m a m ( n a )  n ( m a )  ( mn ) a
      
( m  n )a  m a  n a m (a  b )  m a  m b
4. SECTION FORMULA :
 
If a & b are the position vectors of two points A & B then the p.v. of a point which divides AB in the ratio
   
na  m b
 _________ ab
______
m : n is given by : r  . Note p.v. of mid point of AB = .
mn 2

1
5. DIRECTION COSINES :

Let a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ the angles which this vector makes with the +ve directions OX,OY & OZ are called
Direction Angles & their cosines are called the Direction Cosines.
a a a
cos   1 , cos   2 , cos   3 . Note that, cos²  + cos²  + cos²  = 1
a a a

6. VECTOR EQUATION OF A LINE :

Parametric vector equation of a line passing through two
     
point A (a ) & B( b) is given by, r  a  t (b  a ) where
t is a parameter. If the line passes through the point
 
A (a ) & is parallel to the vector b then its equation is,
  
r  atb
Note that the equations of the bisectors of the angles
     
between the lines r = a +  b & r = a +  c is :
 
   
r = a + t b  c & r = a + p c  b .  

7. TEST OF COLLINEARITY :
  
Three points A,B,C with position vectors a , b, c respectively are collinear, if & only if there exist scalars x ,
  
y, z not all zero simultaneously such that ; xa  yb  zc  0 , where x + y + z = 0.
8. SCALAR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS :
  
 a.b  a b cos (0    ) ,
 
note that if  is acute then a.b > 0 & if  is obtuse then a.b < 0
  2          
 a.a  a a 2 ,a.bb.a (commutative)  a . (b  c)  a . b  a . c (distributive)
    
 a.b  0  a  b ( a  0 b  0)
 î . î  ˆj. ˆj  k̂ . k̂  1 ; î . ˆj  ĵ. k̂  k̂ . î  0

  a.b
 projection of a on b   .
b

  a  b    
 _____  a  b 
 _____
Note : That vector component of a along b =    b and perpendicular to b = a –    b .
 b2   b2 
 
  a .b
 the angle  between a & b is given by cos     0
ab
  
 if a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ & b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b3k̂ then a .b = a1b1 + a2b2 + a3b3

 
a  a 12  a 2 2  a 3 2 , b  b12  b 2 2  b 3 2

2
Note :
   
(i) Maximum value of a . b = a  b
     
(ii) Minimum values of a . b = a . b =   a   b 
 
Any vector a can be written as , a = a . i  i  a . j j  a . k  k .
  
(iii)
 
  a b
(iv) A vector in the direction of the bisector of the angle between the two vectors a & b is    . Hence
a b
 
 
bisector of the angle between the two vectors a & b is  a  b , where   R+. Bisector of the exterior


 
angle between a & b is  a  b ,   R+ .
9. VECTOR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS :
       
(i)  If a & b are two vectors &  is the angle between them then a  b  a b sin  n , where n is the
    
unit vector perpendicular to both a & b such that a , b & n forms a right handed screw system .
   
    2  2  2   2 a_______ .a a . b
(ii)  Lagranges Identity : for any two vectors a & b ;(a x b)  a b  (a . b)     
a .b b.b
(iii) Formulation of vector product in terms of scalar product:
  
The vector product a x b is the vector c , such that
        
(i) | c | = a 2 b 2  (a  b) 2 (ii) c  a = 0; c  b = 0 and
  
(iii) a , b, c form a right handed system
       
(iv)  a  b  0  a & b are parallel (collinear) ( a  0 , b  0 ) i.e. a  K b , where K is a scalar..
 
 a  b  b  a (not commutative)
     
 (ma )  b  a  ( mb)  m(a  b) where m is a scalar .
      
 a  ( b  c )  (a  b)  (a  c ) (distributive)
 î  î  ˆj  ˆj  k̂  k̂  0  î  ˆj  k̂ , ˆj  k̂  î , k̂  î  ˆj
î ĵ k̂
   
(v)  If a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ & b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b3k̂ then a  b  a1 a 2 a 3
b1 b 2 b 3
 
(vi)  Geometrically a  b = area of the parallelogram whose two adjacent sides are
 
represented by a & b .
 
  ab
(vii)  Unit vector perpendicular to the plane of a & b is n̂    
ab
 

  r ab
A vector of magnitude ‘r’ & perpendicular to the palne of a & b is   
 
ab
 
  ab
 If  is the angle between a & b then sin    
a b

3
(viii) Vector area
  
 If a , b & c are the pv’s of 3 points A, B & C then the vector area of triangle ABC =
1    
2
  
  
a x b  bx c  cx a . The points A, B & C are collinear if a x b  b x c  cx a  0
  1  
 Area of any quadrilateral whose diagonal vectors are d 1 & d 2 is given by d1 xd 2
2
10. SHORTEST DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO LINES :
If two lines in space intersect at a point, then obviously the shortest distance between them is zero. Lines
which do not intersect & are also not parallel are called SKEW LINES. For Skew lines the direction of the
shortest distance would be perpendicular to both the lines. The magnitude of the shortest distance vector
 
would be equal to that of the projection of AB along the direction of the line of shortest distance, LM is
 
parallel to p x q i.e.
      
    AB . (p x q) (b  a ) . (p x q)

LM  Pr ojection of AB on LM = Pr ojection of AB on p x q =     
pxq pxq
 
1. The two lines directed along p & q will intersect only if shortest distance = 0 i.e.

b  a  p q 
      
   
0 i.e. b  a lies in the plane containing p & q . 
(b  a ).(p x q)  0 .
  
      b x(a 2  a 1 )
2. If two lines are given by r1  a 2  Kb i.e. they are parallel then , d 
a 1  Kb & r2  
b

11. SCALAR TRIPLE PRODUCT / BOX PRODUCT / MIXED PRODUCT :

  
 The scalar triple product of three vectors a , b & c is defined as :
         
a x b .c  a b c sin  cos  where  is the angle between a & b &  is the angle between a  b & c .

It is also defined as [ a b c ] , spelled as box product .
 Scalar triple product geometrically represents the volume of the parallelopiped whose three couterminous
   
edges are represented by a , b & c i . e . V  [ a b c ]
 In a scalar triple product the position of dot & cross can be interchanged i.e.
        
a . ( b x c )  ( a x b ) .c OR [ a b c ]  [ b c a ]  [ c a b ]
       
 a . (b x c)   a .( cx b) i. e. [ a b c ]   [a c b ]

a a a
   
1 2 3

 If a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ ; b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b 3k̂ & c  c1î  c 2 ĵ  c3k̂ then [a b c]  b1 b 2 b 3 .

c1 c2 c3
           
In general , if a a 1 l  a 2 m  a 3 n ; b b1 l  b 2 m  b 3 n & c c1 l  c2 m  c3 n

a1 a2 a3
   
 
then a b c  b1 b2 b3  l mn  
; where  , m & n are non coplanar vectors .
c1 c2 c3

4
    
 If a , b , c are coplanar  [ a b c ] 
0.

 Scalar product of three vectors, two of which are equal or parallel is 0 i.e. [ a b c ]  0 ,
   
Note : If a , b , c are non  coplanar then [ a b c ]  0 for right handed system &

[ a b c ]  0 for left handed system .
      
 [i j k] = 1  [ Ka b c ]  K[ a b c ] [(a  b) c d ]  [ a c d ]  [ b c d ]

  
 The volume of the tetrahedron OABC with O as origin & the pv’s of A, B and C being a , b & c respectively

1 
is given by V  __ [ a b c ]
6
   
 The positon vector of the centroid of a tetrahedron if the pv’s of its angular vertices are a , b , c & d are given

1    
__
by [a  b  c  d] .
4
Note that this is also the point of concurrency of the lines joining the vertices to the centroids of the opposite
faces and is also called the centre of the tetrahedron. In case the tetrahedron is regular it is equidistant from
the vertices and the four faces of the tetrahedron .
          
Remember that : a  b b c ca = 0  & a  b 
b c ca = 2 a b c .  
*12. VECTOR TRIPLE PRODUCT :
     
Let a , b , c be any three vectors, then the expression a  ( b  c ) is a vector & is called a vector triple
product .
  
Geometrical Interpretation of a  ( b  c )
  
Consider the expression a  ( b  c ) which itself is a vector, since it is a cross product of two vectors
          
a & ( b x c ) . Now a x ( b x c ) is a vector perpendicular to the plane containing a & ( bx c ) but b x c is
      
a vector perpendicular to the plane b & c , therefore a x ( b x c ) is a vector lies in the plane of b & c and
          
perpendicular to a . Hence we can express a x ( b x c ) in terms of b & c i.e. a x ( b x c ) = xb  yc
where x & y are scalars .
                 
 a x ( b x c) = (a . c) b  (a . b) c  (a x b) x c = (a . c) b  (b . c) a
     
 (a x b) x c  a x ( b x c)
13. LINEAR COMBINATIONS / Linearly Independence and Dependence of Vectors :
      
Given a finite set of vectors a , b , c ,...... then the vector r  x a  y b  z c  ........ is called a linear
  
combination of a , b , c ,...... for any x, y, z ......  R. We have the following results :
 
(a) FundamentalTheorem In Plane : Let a ,b be non zero , non collinear vectors. Then any vector r
 
coplanar with a ,b can be expressed uniquely as a linear combination of a ,b i.e. There exist some unique
  
x,y  R such that x a  yb  r .
  
(b) Fundamental Theorem In Space : Let a , b , c be nonzero, noncoplanar vectors in space. Then any
   
vector r , can be uniquily expressed as a linear combination of a , b , c i.e. There exist some unique x,y 
   
R such that x a  y b  z c  r .

5
   
(c) If x 1 , x 2 ,...... x n are n non zero vectors, & k1, k2, .....kn are n scalars & if the linear combination
     
k 1 x 1  k 2 x 2  ........ k n x n  0  k 1  0 ,k 2  0 ..... k n  0 then we say that vectors x 1 , x 2 ,...... x n
are Linearly Independent Vectors .
  
(d) If x 1 , x 2 ,...... x n are not Linearly Independent then they are said to be Linearly Dependent vectors
     
. i.e. if k 1 x 1  k 2 x 2  ........  k n x n  0 & if there exists at least one kr  0 then x 1 , x 2 ,...... x n are
said to be Linearly Dependent .
Note :
  
 If a = 3i + 2j + 5k then a is expressed as a Linear Combination of vectors î , ˆj, k̂ . Also , a , î , ˆj, k̂ form
a linearly dependent set of vectors. In general , every set of four vectors is a linearly dependent system.
 î , ˆj , k̂ are Linearly Independent set of vectors. For
K1î  K 2 ĵ  K 3k̂  0  K1 = 0 = K2 = K3.
     
 Two vectors a & b are linearly dependent  a is parallel to b i.e. a x b  0  linear dependence of
     
a & b . Conversely if a x b  0 then a & b are linearly independent .
     
 If three vectors a , b , c are linearly dependent, then they are coplanar i.e. [ a , b, c ]  0 , conversely, if
  
[ a , b, c ]  0 , then the vectors are linearly independent.
14. COPLANARITY OF VECTORS :
   
Four points A, B, C, D with position vectors a , b , c , d respectively are coplanar if and only if there exist
   
scalars x, y, z, w not all zero simultaneously such that x a + y b + z c + w d = 0 where, x + y + z + w = 0.
15. RECIPROCAL SYSTEM OF VECTORS :
           
If a , b , c & a ' ,b ' ,c ' are two sets of non coplanar vectors such that a . a '= b . b '= c . c '= 1 then the two
systems are called Reciprocal System of vectors.
     
bx c cx a axb
Note : a'= 
  ; b'    ; c'
 
 
abc  
a bc  
abc
16. EQUATION OF A PLANE :
    
(a) The equation ( r  r0 ).n  0 represents a plane containing the point with p.v. r0 where n is a vector
 
normal to the plane . r . n  d is the general equation of a plane.
(b) Angle between the 2 planes is the angle between 2 normals drawn to the planes and the angle between a line
and a plane is the compliment of the angle between the line and the normal to the plane.
17. APPLICATION OF VECTORS :

(a) Work done against a constant force F over a
 
displacement s is defined as W F.s

(b) The tangential velocity V of a body moving in a circle
   
is given by V  w  r where r is the pv of the point P..
    
(c) The moment of F about ’O’ is defined as M  r  Fwhere r is

the pv of P wrt ’O’. The direction of M is along the normal
  
to the plane OPN such that r , F & M form a
right handed system.

6
     
(d) Moment of the couple = ( r1  r2 )  F where r1 & r2 are pv’s of the
 
point of the application of the forces F &  F .
3 -D COORDINATE GEOMETRY
USEFUL RESULTS
A General :
(1) Distance (d) between two points (x1 , y1 , z1) and (x2 , y2 , z2)
d= ( x 2  x1 ) 2  ( y 2  y1 ) 2  (z 2  z1 ) 2
(2) Section Fomula
m 2 x1  m1 x 2 m 2 y1  m1 y 2 m 2 z1  m1 z 2
x= ; y= ; z=
m1  m 2 m1  m 2 m1  m 2
( For external division take –ve sign )
Direction Cosine and direction ratio's of a line
(3) Direction cosine of a line has the same meaning as d.c's of a vector.
(a) Any three numbers a, b, c proportional to the direction cosines are called the direction ratios i.e.
__l  m n
__  __ 
1
a b c a 2  b2  c2
same sign either +ve or –ve should be taken through out.
note that d.r's of a line joining x1 , y1 , z1 and x2 , y2 , z2 are proportional to x2 – x1 , y2 – y1 and z2 – z1
(b) If  is the angle between the two lines whose d.c's are l1 , m1 , n1 and l2 , m2 , n2
cos = l1 l2 + m1 m2 + n1 n2
hence if lines are perpendicular then l1 l2 + m1 m2 + n1 n2 = 0
l1 m
__ n
if lines are parallel then  __1  __1
l2 m2 n2

l1 m1 n1
note that if three lines are coplanar then l2 m2 n2 = 0
l3 m3 n3
(4) Projection of the join of two points on a line with d.c's l, m, n are
l (x2 – x1) + m(y2 – y1) + n(z2 – z1)
B PLANE :
(i) General equation of degree one in x, y, z i.e. ax + by + cz + d = 0 represents a plane.
(ii) Equation of a plane passing through (x1 , y1 , z1) is
a (x – x1) + b (y – y1) + c (z – z1) = 0
where a, b, c are the direction ratios of the normal to the plane.
(iii) Equation of a plane if its intercepts on the co-ordinate axes are x 1 , y1 , z1 is
x y z
   1.
x1 y1 z1
(iv) Equation of a plane if the length of the perpendicular from the origin on the plane is p and d.c's of the
perpendicular as l , m, , n is lx+my+nz=p
(v) Parallel and perpendicular planes – Two planes
a1 x + b1 y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 are
perpendicular if a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c1 c2 = 0

7
 a__1 __
b c
parallel if  1  __1 and
a 2 b2 c2
a__1 __
b c d
coincident if  1  1  __1
a 2 b2 c2 d2
(vi) Angle between a plane and a line is the compliment of the angle between the normal to the plane and the line
    
Line : r  a   b  then b.n
. If cos(90  )  sin     .
Plane : r . n  d  | b | .| n |
where  is the angle between the line and normal to the plane.

(vii) Length of the perpendicular from a point (x1 , y1 , z1) to a plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 is

ax1  by1  cz1  d

p=
a 2  b2  c2
(viii) Distance between two parallel planes ax + by + cz + d1 = 0 and ax + by + cz + d2 = 0 is

d1  d 2
a  b2  c2
2

(ix) Planes bisecting the angle between two planes

a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2 + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0 is given by

a1x  b1 y  c1z  d1 a 2 x  b 2 y  c2z  d 2

= 
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c 22
Of these two bisecting planes , one bisects the acute and the other obtuse angle between the given planes.
(x) Equation of a plane through the intersection of two planes P1 and P2 is given by P1 + P2 = 0
C STRAIGHT LINE IN SPACE
(i) Equation of a line through A (x1 , y1 , z1) and having direction cosines l ,m , n are
x  x1 y_____
_____  y1 z_____
 z1
 
l m n
and the lines through (x1 , y1 ,z1) and (x2 , y2 ,z2)
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 
x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1
(ii) Intersection of two planes a1x + b1y + c1z + d1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2z + d2 = 0
together represent the unsymmetrical form of the straight line.
x  x1 ______
_____ y  y1 ______
z  z1
(iii) General equation of the plane containing the line   is
l m n
A (x – x1) + B(y – y1) + c (z – z1) = 0 where Al + bm + cn = 0 .

LINE OF GREATEST SLOPE

AB is the line of intersection of G-plane and H is the horizontal
plane. Line of greatest slope on a given plane, drawn through a
given point on the plane, is the line through the point 'P'
perpendicular to the line of intersetion of the given plane with
any horizontal plane.

8
  Ȃ
    
1. If a&b are non collinear vectors such that, p  ( x  4 y)a  ( 2 x  y  1) b &
    
q  ( y  2 x  2)a  (2 x  3y  1)b , find x & y such that 3p  2q .
       
2. (a) Show that the points a  2 b  3 c ; 2 a  3 b  4 c &  7 b  10 c are collinear .
(b) Prove that the points A = (1,2,3), B (3,4,7), C (3,2,5) are collinear & find the ratio in which B
divides AC.
 
3. Points X & Y are taken on the sides QR & RS , respectively of a parallelogram PQRS, so that QX  4 XR

 21  
& RY  4 YS . The line XY cuts the line PR at Z . Prove that PZ  ____ PR .
 

 25 
4. Find out whether the following pairs of lines are parallel, non-parallel & intersecting, or non-parallel &
non-intersecting.

(i)
  

r1  i  j  2 k   3 i  2 j  4 k  (ii)
  

r1  i  j  3 k   i  j  k 


r2  2 i  j  3 k    6 i  4 j  8 k 


r2  2 i  4 j  6 k   2 i  j  3 k 
  

r1 i  k   i  3 j  4 k 
(iii) 

r2  2 i  3 j   4 i  j  k 

5. ‘O’is the origin of vectors and A is a fixed point on the circle of radius‘a’with centre O. The vector OA is
    2
denoted by a . A variable point ‘P’ lies on the tangent at A & OP = r . Show that a . r  a . Hence if
P  (x,y) & A  (x1,y1) deduce the equation of tangent at A to this circle.
 
6. Let u be a vector on rectangular coordinate system with sloping angle 60°. Suppose that u  î is
  
geometric mean of u and u  2î where î is the unit vector along x-axis then u has the value equal

to a  b where a, b  N, find the value (a + b)3 + (a – b)3.

      
7. The resultant of two vectors a & b is perpendicular to a . If b  2 a show that the resultant of 2a & b

is perpendicular to b .
   
8. a , b, c and d are the position vectors of the points A  (x, y, z) ; B  (y, – 2z, 3x) ; C  (2z, 3x, – y) and

 ^ ^  ^ 

  ^
   
3 ; a b = a c  ; a d = 2 and a ĵ is obtuse, then find x, y,, z.
D(1,–1, 2) respectively. If | a | = 2

   
9. If r and s are non zero constant vectors and the scalar b is chosen such that r  b s is minimum, then
2   
show that the value of b s  | r  b s |2 is equal to | r |2 .

10. (a) Find a unit vector â which makes an angle (/4) with axis of z & is such that â + i + j is a unit vector.
  2   2
 a b   a b 
(b) Prove that          
 a 2 b2   | a | | b | 
   

9
       
11. Given four non zero vectors a , b , c and d . The vectors a , b & c are coplanar but not collinear pair by pair
        
and vector d is not coplanar with vectors a , b & c and (a b)  (b c)  , (da)  , (db)   then prove
 3

that ( d c) cos (cos   cos  ) .
1

12. Given three points on the xy plane on O(0, 0), A(1, 0) and B(–1, 0). Point P is moving on the plane satisfying
the condition P A ·P B + 3 O A ·O B = 0
If the maximum and minimum values of P A P B are M and m respectively then find the value of
M2 + m 2 .
13. In the plane of a triangle ABC, squares ACXY, BCWZ are described , in the order given, externally to the
         
triangle on AC & BC respectively. Given that CX  b , CA  a  , CB y . Prove that a.y  x.b  0 .
, CW x
 
Deduce that AW . BX  0 .
  
14. Given that u  î  2ˆj  3k̂ ; v  2î  ˆj  4k̂ ; w  î  3ˆj  3k̂ and
      
(u ·R  10)î  ( v ·R  20) ĵ  ( w ·R  20)k̂ = 0. Find the unknown vector R .
           
15. If O is origin of reference, point A ( a ) ; B( b ) ; C( c ) ; D (a  b ) ; E ( b  c ) ; F( c  a ); G (a  b  c ) where
  
a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ ; b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b 3k̂ and c  c1î  c 2 ĵ  c3k̂ then prove that these points are vertices
of a cube having length of its edge equal to unity provided the matrix.

 a1 a2 a3 
b b2 b 3  is orghogonal. Also find the length XY such that X is the point of intersection of CM and GP;
 1 
 c1 c2 c3 
Y is the point of intersection of OQ and DN where P, Q, M, N are respectively the midpoint of sides CF, BD,
GF and OB.
        
16. (a) If a  b  c  0 , show that a x b  b x c  c x a . Deduce the Sine rule for a  ABC.
(b) Find the minimum area of the triangle whose vertices are A(–1, 1, 2); B(1, 2, 3) and C(t, 1, 1) where
t is a real number.

17. (a) Determine vector of magnitude 9 which is perpendicular to both the vectors :

4î  ˆj  3k̂ &  2î  ˆj  2k̂

(b) A triangle has vertices (1, 1, 1) ; (2, 2, 2), (1, 1, y) and has the area equal to csc  4 sq. units. Find
the value of y.

18. Consider a parallelogram ABCD. Let M be the centre of line segment BC and S denote the point of intersection

of the line segment AM and the diagonal BD . Find the ratio of the area of the parallelogram to the area of
the triangle BMS.

19. The length of the edge of the regular tetrahedron D  ABC is 'a' . Point E and F are taken on the edges AD and
 
BD respectively such that E divides DA and F divides BD in the ratio 2:1 each . Then find the area of
triangle CEF.

10
   1 3ˆ    
20. Let a  3 î  ˆj and b  __î  j and x  a  (q 2  3) b , y   p a  qb . If x  y , then express p
2 2
as a function of q, say p = f (q), (p  0 & q  0) and find the intervals of monotonicity of f (q).

 Ȃ

1. The vector OP = î  2 ĵ  2k̂ turns through a right angle, passing through the positive x-axis on the way..
Find the vector in its new position.
2. The position vectors of the points A, B, C are respectively (1, 1, 1) ; (1, 1, 2) ; (0, 2, 1). Find a unit vector
parallel to the plane determined by ABC & perpendicular to the vector (1, 0, 1).

( a1  a ) 2 ( a 1  b) 2 (a 1  c ) 2
 
3. Let (b1  a ) 2 (b1  b) 2
(b1  c) 2 = 0 and if the vectors   î  aˆj  a 2 k̂ ;   î  bˆj  b 2 k̂ ;
(c1  a ) 2 (c1  b) 2
(c1  c) 2
  
  î  cˆj  c 2 k̂ are non coplanar, show that the vectors 1  î  a1ˆj  a1 k̂;1  î  b1ˆj  b1 k̂ and
2 2

1  î  c1 ĵ  c12k̂ are coplaner..
4. Given non zero number x1, x2, x3 ; y1, y2, y3 and z1, z2 and z3
(i) Can the given numbers satisfy
x1 x2 x3 x1x 2  y1y 2  z1z 2  0

y1 y2 y 3 = 0 and x 2 x 3  y 2 y3  z 2 z 3  0
z1 z2 z3 x 3 x1  y3 y1  z 3z1  0
(ii) If xi > 0 and yi < 0 for all i = 1, 2, 3 and P = (x1, x2, x3) ; Q (y1, y2, y3) and O (0, 0, 0) can the triangle POQ
be a right angled triangle?
5.     
The pv's of the four angular points of a tetrahedron are: A j  2 k ; B 3 i  k ; C 4 i  3 j  6 k 

& D 2 i  3 j  2 k . Find : 
(i) the perpendicular distance from A to the line BC.
(ii) the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD.
(iii) the perpendicular distance from D to the plane ABC.
(iv) the shortest distance between the lines AB & CD.

6. The length of an edge of a cube ABCDA1B1C1D1 is equal to unity. A point E taken on the edge AA 1 is such

 1   1
that AE = 3 . A point F is taken on the edge BC such that BF = 4 . If O1 is the centre of the cube,

find the shortest distance of the vertex B1 from the plane of the  O1EF.

    1   
7. A(a ) ; B ( b ) ; C(c ) are the vertices of the triangle ABC such that a  (2î  r  7 k̂ ) ; b  3 r  ˆj  4k̂ ;
2
      
c  22î  11 ĵ  9 r . A vector p  2ˆj  k̂ is such that ( r  p) is parallel to î and ( r  2î ) is parallel to p .
 
Show that there exists a point D (d ) on the line AB with d  2 t î  (1  2 t )ˆj  ( t  4) k̂ . Also find the

shortest distance of C from AB.

11
8. Find the point R in which the line AB cuts the plane CDE where
    
a = î  2ˆj  k̂ , b = 2î  ˆj  2k̂ , c =  4 ˆj  4k̂ , d = 2î  2ˆj  2k̂ & e = 4î  ˆj  2k̂ .
  
9. If a  a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3k̂ ; b  b1î  b 2 ĵ  b3k̂ and c  c1î  c 2 ˆj  c 3 k̂ then show that the value of the scalar
  
  a ·î a · ĵ a ·k̂
      
triple product [ na  b nb  c n c  a ] is (n3 + 1) b ·î b · ĵ b ·k̂
  
      c ·î c · ĵ c ·k̂
10. (a) Prove that a x b =


 b  a x (a x b) 
     
(b) Given that a,b,p,q are four vectors such that a  b   p , b .q  0 & ( b ) 2  1 , where µ is a scalar then
       
prove that ( a .q ) p  ( p .q ) a  p .q .
11. ABCD is a tetrahedron with pv's of its angular points as A(–5, 22, 5); B(1, 2, 3); C(4, 3, 2) and
D(–1, 2, – 3). If the area of the triangle AEF where the quadrilaterals ABDE and ABCF are parallelograms is

S then find the value of S.

A  B x A  C x Bx C .B  C 

            
12. If A , B & C are vectors such that | B |  | C | , Prove that: 0.

             
13. Find the scalars  &  if a x ( b x c)  (a . b) b  ( 4  2  sin  ) b  ( 2  1) c & ( c . c) a  c while b & c are
non zero non collinear vectors.
 
14. i  2  j  2 k and c  2 i   j  k . Find the value(s) of , if any, such that
Let a   i  2 j  3 k , b 
 
a  b  b  c  c  a  = 0. Find the vector product when  = 0.

15. Find a vector v which is coplanar with the vectors i  j  2 k & i  2 j  k and is orthogonal to the

vector  2 i  j  k . It is given that the projection of v along the vector i  j  k is equal to 6 3 .
16. Given four points P1, P2, P3 and P4 on the coordinate plane with origin O which satisfy the condition
3
O P n 1 + O P n 1 = O P n , n = 2, 3
2
(i) If P1, P2 lie on the curve xy = 1, then prove that P3 does not lie on the curve.
(ii) If P1, P2, P3 lie on the circle x2 + y2 = 1, then prove that P4 lies on this circle.

    p.r p.s
17. Prove the result (Lagrange’s identity) (p  q) ·( r  s )      & use it to prove the following. Let (ab)denote
q.r q.s
the plane formed by the lines a,b. If (ab) is perpendicular to (cd) and (ac) is perpendicular to (bd) prove that
(ad) is perpendicular to (bc).
   
18. Consider the non zero vectors a , b , c & d such that no three of which are coplanar then prove that

           

       
a b cd  c a b d  b a cd  d a b c . Hence prove that if a , b , c & d represent the position vectors of

  
the vertices of a plane quadrilateral then
 b cd   a bd 
 1 .
a cd  a b c
12
          
19. The base vectors a1,a 2 ,a 3 are given in terms of base vectors b1,b 2 ,b 3 as, a1  2b1  3b 2  b3 ;
            
a 2  b1  2b 2  2b3 & a 3  2b1  b 2  2b3 . If F  3b1  b 2  2b3 , then express F in terms of
  
a1, a 2 & a 3 .

  1   2   1       2
20. Let a   0  ; b  1 ; c   1 . Find the numbers , ,  such that  a   b   c    5 .
 3 0  1   6 
     
    2
b  (b . a ) a  p(b xa )
 p____________________
21. (a) If px  ( x  a )  b ; ( p  0) prove that x  2 2 .
p (p  a )
          
 
(b) Solve the following equation for the vector p ; p x a  p . b c b x c where a , b , c are non zero non

      _____  
a bc 
coplanar vectors and a is neither perpendicular to b nor to c , hence show that  p  a    c  is

 a ·c 
 
perpendicular to b  c .
 
22. Solve the simultaneous vector equations for the vectors x and y .
        
x  c  y  a and y  c  x  b where c is a non zero vector..
 Ȃ
1. Find the angle between the two straight lines whose direction cosines l, m, n are given by
2l + 2m – n = 0 and mn + nl + lm = 0.

2. P is any point on the plane lx + my + nz = p. A point Q taken on the line OP (where O is the origin) such that
OP. OQ = p2. Show that the locus of Q is p( lx + my + nz ) = x2 + y2 + z2.

3. Find the equation of the plane through the points (2, 2, 1), (1, –2, 3) and parallel to the x-axis.

4. Through a point P (f, g, h), a plane is drawn at right angles to OP where 'O' is the origin, to meet the
r5
coordinate axes in A, B, C. Prove that the area of the triangle ABC is where OP = r..
2f g h
5. The plane lx + my = 0 is rotated about its line of intersection with the plane z = 0 through an angle . Prove

that the equation to the plane in new position is lx + my + z l 2  m 2 tan  = 0

6. Find the equations of the straight line passing through the point (1, 2, 3) to intersect the straight line
x + 1 = 2 (y – 2) = z + 4 and parallel to the plane x + 5y + 4z = 0.

x 3 y3 z
7. Find the equations of the two lines through the origin which intersect the line   at an
2 1 1

angle of .
3
8. A variable plane is at a constant distance p from the origin and meets the coordinate axes in points A, B and
C respectively. Through these points, planes are drawn parallel to the coordinates planes. Find the locus of
their point of intersection.

13
 x  2 ______
_____ 2 y  3 3______
z4
9. Find the distance of the point P (– 2, 3, – 4) from the line   measured parallel to the
3 4 5
plane 4x + 12y – 3z + 1 = 0.

10. Find the equation to the line passing through the point (1, –2, –3) and parallel to the line
2x + 3y – 3z + 2 = 0 = 3x – 4y + 2z – 4.
11. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (4, –14, 4) and intersecting the line of intersection of
the planes : 3x + 2y – z = 5 and x – 2y – 2z = –1 at right angles.
12. Let P = (1, 0, – 1) ; Q = (1, 1, 1) and R = (2, 1, 3) are three points.
(a) Find the area of the triangle having P, Q and R as its vertices.
(b) Give the equation of the plane through P, Q and R in the form ax + by + cz = 1.
(c) Where does the plane in part (b) intersect the y-axis.
(d) Give parametric equations for the line through R that is perpendicular to the plane in part (b).
13. Find the point where the line of intersection of the planes x – 2y + z = l and x + 2y – 2z = 5, intersects the
plane 2x + 2y + z + 6 = 0.

14. Feet of the perpendicular drawn from the point P (2, 3, –5) on the axes of coordinates are A, B and C. Find
the equation of the plane passing through their feet and the area of ABC.

15. Find the equations to the line which can be drawn from the point (2, –1, 3) perpendicular to the lines
x  1 _____
_____ y  2 _____
z3 x_____
 4 y _____z3
  and   at right angles.
2 3 4 4 5 3
x  1 _____
y  2 __
z
16. Find the equation of the plane containing the straight line   and perpendicular to the
2 3 5
plane x – y + z + 2 = 0.

x  1 _____
_____ y  p _____
z2 x _____
__ y7 z7
17. Find the value of p so that the lines   and   _____ are in the same
3 2 1 1 3 2
plane. For this value of p, find the coordinates of their point of intersection and the equation of the plane
containing them.
18. Find the equations to the line of greatest slope through the point (7, 2 , –1) in the plane
x – 2y + 3z = 0 assuming that the axes are so placed that the plane 2x + 3y – 4z = 0 is horizontal.
2  1
19.

Let L be the line given by r =  2  +   0  and let P be the point (2, – 1, 1). Also suppose that E be the
  1   1 
plane containing three non collinear points A = (0, 1, 1); B(1, 2, 2) and C = (1, 0, 1)
Find
(a) Distance between the point P and the line L.
(b) Equation of the plane E.
(c) Equation the plane F containing the line L and the point P.
(d) Acute between the plane E and F.
(e) Volume of the parallelopiped by A, B, C and the point D(– 3, 0, 1).
20. The position vectors of the four angular points of a tetrahedron OABC are (0, 0, 0); (0, 0, 2); (0, 4, 0) and
(6, 0, 0) respectively. A point P inside the tetrahedron is at the same distance 'r' from the four plane faces of
the tetrahedron. Find the value of 'r'.

14
 x  6 y_____
_____  10 _____
z  14
21. The line   is the hypotenuse of an isosceles right angled triangle whose opposite
5 3 8
vertex is (7, 2, 4). Find the equation of the remaining sides.

22. Find the foot and hence the length of the perpendicular from the point (5, 7, 3) to the line
x_____
 15 y  29 5  z
  . Also find the equation of the plane in which the perpendicular and the given
3 8 5
straight line lie.
x  1 _____
_____ y  2 _____
z3
23. Find the equation of the line which is reflection of the line   in the plane
3x – 3y + 10z = 26.
9 1 3
x 1 y z
_____ x  3 y _____
_____ z2
24. Find the equation of the plane containing the line   and parallel to the line   .
2 3 2 2 5 4
Find also the S.D. between the two lines.
25. Consider the plane
 1 1 1
 1 2 + 0
E: r = +
 1   0   1 
Let F be the plane containing the point A (– 4, 2, 2) and parallel to E.
Suppose the point B is on the plane E such that B has a minimum distance from the point A.
If C (– 3, 0, 4) lies in the plane F. Find the area of the angle ABC.
 Ȃ 
       
1. (a) Let a  2î  ˆj  2 k̂ & b  î  ˆj . If c is a vector such that a ·c | c | , c  a  2 2 and the angle
     
between (a  b ) and c is 30º, then (a  b )  c =
(A) 2/3 (B) 3/2 (C) 2 (D) 3
     
(b) Let a 2î ˆj k̂ , b i  2 j  k and a unit vector c be coplanar. If c is perpendicular to a , then c =

(A)
1
2
  j  k  (B)
1
3
  i  j  k 

(C)
1
5
i  2 j (D)
1
3
i  j  k 
       
 
 
(c) Let a & b be two non-collinear unit vectors . If u a  a . b b & v  a x b , then v is :
   
(A) u (B) u  u . a
  

(C) u  u . b
 
(D) u  u . a  b  
          1
(d) Let u & v be unit vectors . If w is a vector such that w  w x u 
v , then prove that  u x v . w 
2
 
and the equality holds if and only if u is perpendicular to v .
[JEE '99, 2 + 2 + 3 + 10, out of 200]
2. (a) An arc AC of a circle subtends a right angle at the centre O. The point B divides the arc in the ratio 1 : 2.
      
If OA  a & OB  b , then calculate OC in terms of a & b .

15
    
(b) If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors and d is a unit vector, then find the value of,
      
a . d b x c   b . d c x a    c . d a x b independent of d . [REE '99, 6 + 6]
3. (a) Select the correct alternative :
  
(i) If the vectors a , b & c form the sides BC, CA & AB respectively of a triangle ABC, then
           
(A) a . b  b . c  c . a = 0 (B) a  b  b  c  c  a
           
(C) a . b  b . c  c . a (D) a  b  b  c  c  a = 0
        
  
(ii) Let the vectors a , b , c & d be such that a  b  c  d = 0 . Let P1 & P2 be planes determined by
   
the pairs of vectors a , b & c , d respectively. Then the angle between P1 and P2 is :
(A) 0 (B) /4
(C) /3 (4) /2
  
(iii) If a , b & c are unit coplanar vectors, then the scalar triple product
  
 2 a  b  
2bc 2ca = 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (D) 3
(C)  3
[JEE ,2000 (Screening) 1 + 1 + 1 out of 35]
(b) Let ABC and PQR be any two triangles in the same plane. Assume that the perpendiculars from the
points A, B, C to the sides QR, RP, PQ respectively are concurrent. Using vector methods or otherwise,
prove that the perpendiculars from P, Q, R to BC, CA, AB respectively are also concurrent.
[JEE '2000 (Mains) 10 out of 100]
  
4. (i) b =  i  2 j  2 k & c =  i  2 j  k , find a unit vector normal to the vectors
If a = i  j  k ,
   
a + b and b  c.
    
(ii) Given that vectors a & b are perpendicular to each other, find vector v in terms of a & b satisfying
      
the equations, v ·a = 0 ,  . b = 1 and [ v a b] = 1
    1  
 
(iii) a , b & c are three unit vectors such that a  b  c = 2
  
b  c . Find angle between vectors
   
a & b given that vectors b & c are non-parallel.
(iv) A particle is placed at a corner P of a cube of side 1 meter . Forces of magnitudes 2, 3 and 5 kg weight
act on the particle along the diagonals of the faces passing through the point P . Find the moment of
these forces about the corner opposite to P .
[REE '2000 (Mains) 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 out of 100]

5. (a) The diagonals of a parallelogram are given by vectors 2 i  3j  6 k and 3i  4 j  k . Determine its
sides and also the area.
(b) Find the value of  such that a, b, c are all non-zero and

4i  5ja  (3i  3j  k )b  (i  j  3k )c =  (ai  bj  ck ) [REE '2001 (Mains) 3 + 3]

  
6. (a) Find the vector r which is perpendicular to a = i  2 j  5k and b  2 i  3j  k

 
and r  2î  ˆj  k̂ + 8 = 0.

(b) Two vertices of a triangle are at  i  3j and 2 i  5 j and its orthocentre is at i  2j . Find the
position vector of third vertex. [REE '2001 (Mains) 3 + 3]

16
     2  2  2
7. (a) If a , b and c are unit vectors, then a  b  b  c  c  a does NOT exceed
(A) 4 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 6
     
(b) Let a î  k̂ , b x î  ĵ  (1  x ) k̂ and
 c yî  x ĵ  (1  x  y)k̂ . Then [a , b, c] depends on
(A) only x (B) only y
(C) NEITHER x NOR y (D) both x and y
[JEE '2001 (Screening) 1 + 1 out of 35]
 
8. Let A(t ) = f1 ( t ) i  f 2 ( t ) j and 
B( t ) g 1 ( t ) i  g 2 ( t ) j , t  [0, 1], where f1, f2, g1, g2 are continuous
   
functions. If A( t ) and B( t ) are nonzero vectors for all t and A(0) = 2i  3j , A(1) = 6 i  2j ,
   
B(0) = 3i  2j and B(1) = 2i  6 j , then show that A(t ) and B(t ) are parallel for some t.
[JEE '2001 (Mains) 5 out of 100]
     
9. (a) If a and b are two unit vectors such that a + 2 b and 5 a – 4 b are perpendicular to each other then the
 
angle between a and b is
(A) 450 (B) 600
(C) cos–1 1 3 (D) cos–1 2 7
  

(b) Let V 2 î  ˆj  k̂ and 
W î  3k̂ . If U is a unit vector, then the maximum value of the scalar triple
  
product U V W is  
(A) –1 (B) 10  6
(C) 59 (D) 60 [JEE 2002(Screening), 3 + 3]

 
10. 
Let V be the volume of the parallelopiped formed by the vectors a a1î  a 2 ĵ  a 3
k̂ , b b1î  b 2 ĵ  b3k̂ ,

c c1î  c 2 ĵ  c3k̂ . If ar , br , cr , where r = 1, 2, 3, are non-negative real numbers and
3
 a r  b r  cr  = 3L, show that V  L3. [JEE 2002(Mains), 5]
r 1
  
11. If a = î  aˆj  k̂ , b = ˆj  ak̂ , c = a î  k̂ , then find the value of ‘a’ for which volume of parallelopiped
formed by three vectors as coterminous edges, is minimum, is
1 1 1
(A) (B) – (C) ± (D) none [JEE 2003(Scr.), 3]
3 3 3
12. (i) Find the equation of the plane passing through the points (2, 1, 0) , (5, 0, 1) and (4, 1, 1).

(ii) If P is the point (2, 1, 6) then find the point Q such that PQ is perpendicular to the plane in (i) and the
mid point of PQ lies on it. [JEE 2003, 4 out of 60]
    
13. If u , v , w are three non-coplanar unit vectors and , ,  are the angles between u and v ,
      
v and w , w and u respectively and x , y, z are unit vectors along the bisectors of the angles , , 
1    2
     
respectively. Prove that x  y y  z z  x  u v w  sec 2  sec 2  sec 2  .
16 2 2 2
[JEE 2003, 4 out of 60]
x 1 y 1 z 1 x 3 yk z
14. (a) If the lines   and   intersect, then k =
2 3 4 1 2 1
(A) 2/9 (B) 9/2 (C) 0 (D) – 1

17
 (b) A unit vector in the plane of the vectors 2î  ĵ  k̂ , î  ĵ  k̂ and orthogonal to 5î  2 ĵ  6k̂
6î  5k̂ 3 ĵ  k̂ 2î  5k̂ 2 î  ˆj  2 k̂
(A) (B) (C) (D)
61 10 29 3
      
(c) Ifa î  j  k̂ , a ·b  1 and a  b  ˆj  k̂ , then b =
(A) î (B) î  ˆj  k̂ (C) 2 ĵ  k̂ (D) 2î
[JEE 2004 (screening)]
           
15. (a) Let a , b , c , d are four distinct vectors satisfying a  b = c  d and a  c  b  d . Show that
       
a ·b  c ·d  a ·c  b ·d .
(b) Let P be the plane passing through (1, 1, 1) and parallel to the lines L 1 and L2 having direction ratios
1, 0, –1 and –1, 1, 0 respectively. If A, B and C are the points at which P intersects the coordinate axes,
find the volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are A, B, C and the origin.
[JEE 2004, 2 + 2out of 60]
  
     b ·a    ____
b ·a 
16. (a) If a , b, c are three non-zero, non-coplanar vectors and  b1 b   2 a, b2 b   2 a ,
|a| |a|
               
  ____c ·a  b · c   c ·a  b1 ·c    c ·a  b ·c  
 ____  c ·a  b · c 
 c1 c   2 a   b1,c 2 c   2 a    b1,c3 c   a   b1,c4 c   2 a   2 b1
|a| | c |2 |a| | b1 |2 | c |2 | c |2 |c| |b|
then the set of orthogonal vectors is

(A) a, b , c 
1 3 (B) a, b , c 
1 2 (C) a, b , c 
1 1 (D) a, b , c 
2 2
(b) A variable plane at a distance of 1 unit from the origin cuts the co-ordinate axes at A, B and C. If the
1
__ __
1 __1
 2  2 = k, then the value of k
centroid D (x, y, z) of triangle ABC satisfies the relation 2
is
x y z
(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 1/3 (D) 9
(c) Find the equation of the plane containing the line 2x – y + z – 3 = 0, 3x + y + z = 5 and at a distance of
1 6 from the point (2, 1, – 1).

(d) Incident ray is along the unit vector v̂ and the reflected ray is along the unit vector ŵ . The normal is

along unit vector â outwards. Express ŵ in terms of â and v̂ . [JEE 2005 (Screening), 3]

[JEE 2005 (Mains), 2 + 4 out of 60]

17. (a) A plane passes through (1, –2, 1) and is perpendicular to two planes 2x – 2y + z = 0 and
x – y + 2z = 4. The distance of the plane from the point (1, 2, 2) is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 2 2 (D)
    

(b) Let a î  2ˆj  k̂ ,
b î  ˆj  k̂ and
c î  ˆj  k̂ . A vector in the plane of a and b whose projection
 1
on c has the magnitude equal to , is [JEE 2006,3 marks each]
3
(A) 4î  ˆj  4 k̂ (B) 3î  ˆj  3k̂ (C) 2î  ˆj  2 k̂ (D) 4î  ˆj  4 k̂

18
 
(c) Let A be vector parallel to line of intersection of planes P1 and P2 through origin. P1 is parallel to the

vectors 2 ˆj + 3 k̂ and 4 ˆj – 3 k̂ and P2 is parallel to ˆj – k̂ and 3 î + 3 ˆj , then the angle between vector A

and 2 î + ˆj – 2 k̂ is


__ 
__ 
__ 
__
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 6 3
[JEE 2006, 5]
(d) Match the following
Column-I Column-II
(i) Two rays in the first quadrant x + y = | a | and (A) 2
ax – y = 1 intersects each other in the interval
a  (a0, ), the value of a0 is

(ii) Point (, , ) lies on the plane x + y + z = 2.

 
a  î   ˆj   k̂ , k̂  ( k̂  a ) = 0, then  =
Let (B) 4/3
1 0 1 0
2 2
(iii)  (1  y ) dy +  (y  1) dy (C)  1  x dx +  1  x dx
0 1 0 1
(iv) If sinA sinB sinC + cos A cosB = 1,
then the value of sin C = (D) 1
[JEE 2006, 6]
(e) Match the following

 1 
(i)  tan 1 2__i 2   t , then tan t = (A) 0
i 1
(ii) Sides a, b, c of a triangle ABC are in A.P.
a b c
and cos 1  , cos  2  , cos 3  ,
bc ac ab
1 3
then tan 2  tan 2 = (B) 1
2 2
(iii) A line is perpendicular to x + 2y + 2z = 0 and
passes through (0, 1, 0). The perpendicular 5
distance of this line from the origin is (C)
3
(D) 2/3 [JEE 2006, 6]

18. (a) The number of distinct real values of , for which the vectors  2 î  ˆj  k̂ , î  2 ˆj  k̂ and î  ˆj  2 k̂
are coplanar, is
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) three
      
(b) Let a , b, c be unit vectors such that a  b  c  0 . Which one of the following is correct?
             
(A) a  b  b  c  c  a  0 (B) a  b  b  c  c  a  0
            
(C) a  b  b  c  a  c  0 (D) a  b, b  c, c  a are mutually perpendicular..

19
 (c) Let the vectors P Q , Q R , R S , S T , T U and U P represent the sides of a regular hexagon.
Statement-1: 
P Q × R S  ST  0


because
 
Statement-2: P Q  R S = 0 and P Q  S T  0
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

(d) Consider the planes 3x – 6y – 2z = 15 and 2x + y – 2z = 5.

Statement-1: The parametric equations of the line of intersection of the given planes are
x = 3 + 14t, y = 1 + 2t, z = 15t.
because

Statement-2: The vector 14î  2ˆj  15k̂ is parallel to the line of intersection of given planes.

(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
MATCH THE COLUMN :
(e) Consider the following linear equations
ax + by + cz = 0
bx + cy + az = 0
cx + ay + bz = 0
Match the conditions/ expressions in Column I with statements in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) a + b + c  0 and (P) the equation represent planes
a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca meeting only at a single point.
(B) a + b + c = 0 and (Q) the equation represent the line
a2 + b2 + c2  ab + bc + ca x=y=z
(C) a + b + c  0 and (R) the equation represent identical planes
a2 + b2 + c2  ab + bc + ca
(D) a + b + c = 0 and (S) the equation represent the whole of
a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca the three dimensional space.
[JEE 2007, 3+3+3+3+6]
19. (a) The edges of a parallelopiped are of unit length and are parallel to non-coplanar unit vectors â , b̂, ĉ such
1
__ . Then the volume of the parallelopiped is
that â ·b̂ 
b̂ ·ĉ 
ĉ ·â 
2
1 1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2 3

20
 (b) Let two non-collinear unit vector â and b̂ form an acute angle. A point P moves so that at any time t the
position vectorO P (where O is the origin) is given by â cos t  b̂ sin t . When P is farthest from origin O, let
M be the length of O P and û be the unit vector along O P . Then,
1 1
â  b̂ â  b̂
(A) û  and
M (1  â ·b̂) 2 (B) û  and
M (1  â ·b̂) 2
| â  b̂ | | â  b̂ |
1 1
â  b̂ â  b̂
(C) û  and
M (1  2â ·b̂) 2 (D) û  and
M (1  2â ·b̂) 2
| â  b̂ | | â  b̂ |
(c) Consider three planes
P1 : x – y + z = 1
P2 : x + y – z = –1
P3 : x – 3y + 3z = 2
Let L1, L2, L3 be the lines of intersection of the planes P2 and P3, P3 and P1, and P1 and P2, respectively.
Statement-1 : At least two of the lines L1, L2 and L3 are non-parallel.
and
Statement-2 : The three planes do not have a common point.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
Paragraph for Question Nos. (i) to (iii)
(d) Consider the lines [JEE 2008, 3+3+3+4+4+4]
x  1 _____
_____ y  2 _____
z 1 x  2 _____
_____ y  2 _____
z 3
L1 :   ; L2 :  
3 1 2 1 2 3
(i) The unit vector perpendicular to both L1 and L2 is

 î  7 ĵ  7 k̂  î  7 ĵ  5k̂  î  7 ĵ  5k̂ 7 î  7 ĵ  k̂
(A) (B) (C) (D)
99 5 3 5 3 99
(ii) The shortest distance between L1 and L2 is
17 41 17
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
3 5 3 5 3
(iii) The distance of the point (1, 1, 1) from the plane passing through the point (–1, –2, –1) and whose
normal is perpendicular to both the lines L1 and L2 is
2 7 13 23
(A) (B) (C) (D)
75 75 75 75
          1
20. If a, b, c and d are unit vectors such that (a  b).(c  d) 1 and a . c  , then
2
     
(A) a, b, c are non-coplanar (B) b, c, d are non-coplanar
     
(C) b, d are non-parallel (D) a, d are parallel and d, c are parallel [JEE 2009]

21. Let P(3, 2, 6) be a point in space and Q be a point on the line r ( î  ĵ  2k̂ )  ( 3 î  ĵ  5k̂ ) .

Then the value of  for which the vector PQ is parallel to the plane x – 4y + 3z = 1 is

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) – (C) (D) – [JEE 2009]
4 4 8 8

21
22. A line with positive direction cosines passes through the points P(2, –1, 2) and makes equal angles with the
coordinate axes. The line meets the plane 2x + y + z = 9 at point q. The length of the line segment PQ
equals.
(A) 1 2(B) (C) 3 (D) 2 [JEE 2009]
23. Match the statements/expressions given in Column I with the values given in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) The number of solutions of the equation xesin x – cos x = 0 (P) 1
 __
in the interval  0, 
 2
(B) Value(s) of k for which the planes (Q) 2
kx + 4y + z = 0, 4x + ky + 2z = 0 and 2x + 2y + z = 0
intersect in a straight line
(C) Value(s) of k for which (R) 3
|x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x + 1| + |x + 2| = 4k
has integer solution(s)
(D) If y = y + 1 and y(0) = 1, (S) 4
then value(s) of y (ln 2)
(T) 5 [JEE 2009]
24. Match the statements/expressions given in Column I with the values given in Column II.
Column I Column II
_
(A) Root(s) of the equation 2 sin2  + sin2 2 = 2 (P)
6

_
(B) Points of discontinuity of the function (Q)
4
___
6x  ___
3x 
f(x) =   cos   ,
   
where [y] denotes the largest integer less than or
equal to y
(C) Volume of the parallelopiped with its edges (R)
_
3
represented by the vectors
î  ĵ, î  2 ĵ and î  ĵ  k̂

(D)
   
Angle between vectors a and b where a, b and c

(S)
_
2
   
are unit vectors satisfying a  b  3 c  0
(T)  [JEE 2009]

25. Let P, Q, R and S be the points on the plane with position vectors – 2 î – ĵ, 4 î, 3 î  3 ĵ and – 3 î  2 ĵ respectively..

The quadrilateral PQRS must be a [JEE 2010]

(A) parallelogram, which is neither a rhombus nor a rectangle
(B) square
(C) rectangle, but not a square
(D) rhombus, but not a square

26. Equation of the plane containing the straight line

__x  _z and perpendicular to the plane containing the
_y 
2 3 4

straight lines
_x 
y_ z

x _y z
and _   is [JEE 2010]
3 4 2 4 2 3

(A) x + 2y – 2z = 0 (B) 3x + 2y – 2z = 0 (C) x – 2y + z = 0 (D) 5x + 2y – 4z = 0

22
    î  2 ĵ  2 î  ĵ  3k̂
27. If a and b are vectors in space given by a  and b  , then the value of
5 14

     
(2a  b).[(a  b)  (a – 2b)] is [JEE 2010]
x  1 ____
____ y  2 ____
z3
28. If the distance between the plane Ax – 2y + z = d and the plane containing the lines   and
2 3 4

____
x  2 y____

 3 z____

4
is [JEE 2010]
3 4 5 6 , then |d| is

29. If the distance of the point P(1, –2, 1) from the plane x + 2y – 2z = , where  > 0, is 5, then the foot of the
perpendicular form P to the plane is [JEE 2010]

 8 4 __
7 __
4 4 1  1 2 10  __
2 1 5
(A)  , ,  (B)  , ,  (C)  , ,  (D)  , , 
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3  3 3 2
30. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram ABCD are given by AB = 2 î  10 ĵ  11k̂ and AD = – î  2 ĵ  2 k̂ .
The side AD is rotated by an acute angle  in the plane of the parallelogram so that AD becomes AD, If AD
makes a right angle with the side AB, then the cosine of the angle  is given by [JEE 2010]

(A)
__
8
(B)
17
(C)
__
1
(D)
4 5
9 9 9 9
31. Column-I Column-II

x  2 _____
_____ y 1 _____
z 1
(A) A line from the origin meets the lines = = and (P) –4
1 2 1

8
x
y  3 ____
3  ____ z 1
 at P and Q respectively. If length PQ = d,
2 1 1
then d2 is

3
(B) The value of x satisfying tan–1 (x + 3) – tan–1 (x – 3) = sin–1   are (Q) 0
5
   
(C) Non-zero vectors a, b and c satisfy a.b  0 , (R) 4
          
(b  a).(b  c ) 0 and 2 | b  c |  | b  a | . If
a b  4c , then the
possible values of  are
(D) Let f be the function on [–, ] given by f(0) = 9 and f(x) = (S) 5


 9x  x
sin   for x  0. The value of __
2
sin 
 2 

2
    f (x) dx is (T) 6


[JEE 2010]
     
32. Let c î  ĵ  k̂ be three vectors. A vector v in the plane of a and b , whose
k̂ , b î – ĵ  k̂ and
a î  ĵ 

 1
projection on c is , is given by [JEE 2011]
3

(A) î  3 ĵ  3k̂ (B)  3 î  3 ĵ  k̂ (C) 3 î  ĵ  3k̂ (D) î  3 ĵ  3k̂

23
33. The vector(s) which is/are complanar with vectors î  ĵ  2k̂ , and î  2 ĵ  k̂ , and perpendicular to the vector

î  ĵ  k̂ is/are [JEE 2011]

(A) ĵ  k̂ (B)  î  ĵ (C) î  ĵ (D)  ĵ  k̂

   
34. Let a  – î –k̂, b – î  j and c î  2 ĵ  3k̂ be three given vectors. If r is a vector such that
       
r  b  c  b and r . a  0 , then the value of r .b is [JEE 2011]

35. The point P is the intersection of the straight line joining the points Q(2,3,5) and R(1, –1,4) with the plane
5x – 4y – z = 1. If S is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point T(2,1,4) to QR, then the length of the
line segment PS is [JEE 2012]
1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2 2
2

36. The equation of a plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y + 3z = 2 and x – y + z = 3 and
2
at a distance from the point (3, 1, –1) is [JEE 2012]
3

(A) 5x – 11y + z = 17 (B) 2 x  y 3 2  1 (C) x + y + z = 3 (D) x  2 y 

1 2

     
37. If a and b are vectors such that | a  b | = 29 and a  (2 î  3 ĵ  4k̂ ) = (2 î  3 ĵ  4k̂ )  b , then a possible
 
value of (a  b) . ( 7 î  2 ĵ  3k̂ ) is : [JEE 2012]
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 8

___
x  1 ___
y  1 z_ x  1 ___
___ y 1 _
z
38. If the straight lines = = and   are coplanar, then the plane(s) containing these
2 k 2 5 2 k

two lines is(are) [JEE 2012]

(A) y + 2z = – 1 (B) y + z = – 1 (C) y – z = – 1 (D) y – 2z = – 1

    2   2   2   
39. If a , b and c are unit vectors satisfying a – b  b – c  c–a  9 , then 2a  5b  5c is [JEE 2012]

If the lines _____ 

x – 2 _____
y – 3 _____
and _____ 
z–4 x – 1 _____
y – 4 _____
z–5
40.   are coplanar, then k can have :
1 1 –k k 2 1
(A) exactly three values (B) any value [IIT Mains - 2013]
(C) exactly one value (D) exactly two values

41. AB 3 î  4k̂ and

If the vectors   AC 5 î – 2 ĵ  4k̂ are the sides of a triangle ABC, then the length of the
median through A is : [IIT Mains - 2013]

(A) 45 (B) 18 (C) 72 (D) 33

42. Distance between two parallel planes 2x + y + 2z = 8 and 4x + 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 is :[IIT Mains - 2013]

9 3 5 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2

24
43. Let PR = 3 î  ĵ – 2k̂ and SQ  î – 3 ĵ – 4k̂ determine diagonals of a parallelogram PQRS and

PT î  2 ĵ  3k̂ be another vector. Then the volume of the parallelepiped determined by the vectors PT,PQ


and PS is : [IIT Advance - 2013]

(A) 5 (B) 20 (C) 10 (D) 30
x  2 _____
y  1 __
z
44. Perpendiculars are drawn from points on the line _____ = = to the plane x + y + z = 3. The feet of
2 –1 3
perpendiculars lie on the line [IIT Advance - 2013]

(A)
__ y – 1 z____
x ____
 
–2
(B)
__
x ____
y – 1 ____
  (C) __ 
z–2 x y____
– 1 z____

–2
(D)
__
x ____
y – 1 ____
 
z–2
5 8 – 13 2 3 –5 4 3 –7 2 –7 5

45. A line  passing through the origin is perpendicular to the lines [IIT Advance - 2013]
1 : (3 + t) î + (– 1 + 2t) ĵ + (4 + 2t) k̂ , –  < t < 

2 : (3 + 2s) î + (3 + 2s) ĵ + (2 + s) k̂ , –  < s < 

Then, the coordinate(s) of the point(s) on 2 at a distance of 17 from the point of intersection of  and 1
is(are) :
7 7 5 __
7 7 _
8
(A)  , ,  (B) (–1, –1, 0) (C) (1, 1, 1) (D)  , , 
3 3 3 9 9 9

y z y z
46. Two lines L1 : x = 5,  ___ and L2 : x = , ___  are coplanar. Then  can take value(s)
3– –2 –1 2– 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 [IIT Advance - 2013]

47. List- I List-II

  
(A) Volume of parallelepiped determined by vectors a, b and c is 2. (P) 100
Then the volume of the parallelepiped determined by vectors
     
2 (a  b), 3(b  c ) and (c  a) is
  
(B) Volume of parallelepiped determined by vectors a , b and c is 5. (Q) 30
Then the volume of the parallelepiped determined by vectors
     
3 (a  b),(b  c ) and 2(c  a) is
(C) Area of a triangle with adjacent sides determined by vectors (R) 24
 
a and b is 20. Then the area of the triangle with adjacent sides
   
determined by vectors (2a  3b) and (a – b) is
(D) Area of a parallelogram with adjacent sides determined by (S) 60
 
vectors a and b is 30. Then the area of the parallelogram with
  
adjacent sides determined by vectors (a  b) and a is [IIT Advance - 2013]
(A) P  4 ; Q  2 ; R  3 ; S  1 (B) P  2 ; Q  3 ; R  1 ; S  4
(C) P  3 ; Q  4 ; R  1 ; S  2 (D) P  1 ; Q  4 ; R  3 ; S  2

25
48. Consider the lines L1 : ____
x – 1 __

y ____
z3
 , L 2 : ____  ____  ____
x –4 y3 z3
and the planes P1 : 7x + y + 2z = 3,
2 –1 1 1 1 2
P2 : 3x + 5y – 6z = 4. Let ax + by + cz = d be the equation of the plane passing through the point of
intersection of lines L1 and L2, and perpendicular to planes P1 and P2. [IIT Advance - 2013]
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List-I List-II
(P) a= (1) 13
(Q) b= (2) –3
(R) c= (3) 1
(S) d= (4) –2
(A) P  3 ; Q  2 ; R  4 ; S  1 (B) P  1 ; Q  3 ; R  4 ; S  2
(C) P  3 ; Q  2 ; R  1 ; S  4 (D) P  2 ; Q  4 ; R  1 ; S  3
49. Consider the set of eight vectors V = {a î  b ĵ  ck̂ : a, b, c  {–1,1}} . Three non-coplanar vectors can be

chosen from V in 2P ways. Then p is : [IIT Advance - 2013]

x 1 y  3 z  4
50. The image of the line   in the plane 2x – y + z + 3 = 0 is the line
3 1 5
x3 y5 z2 x3 y5 z2
(A)   (B)   [IIT Main - 2014]
3 1 5 3 1 5
x3 y5 z2 x3 y5 z2
(C)   (D)  
3 1 5 3 1 5

51.    
If a  b b  c c  a   a b c
2
then  is equal to [IIT Main - 2014]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0
52. The angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equations  + m + n = 0 and 2 = m 2 + n2 is :
[IIT Main - 2014]
   
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 6
    
53. Let x, y and z be three vectors each of magnitude 2 and the angle between each pair of them is . If a
3
      
is a non-zero vector perpendicular to x and y  z and b is a non-zero vector perpendicular to y and z  x ,
then [IIT Advance - 2014]
                    
(A) b  (b . z)( z – x ) (B) a  (a . y ) ( y – z ) (C) a . b  – (a . y ) (b . z) (D) a  (a . y ) ( z – y )

   
54. Let a, b and c be three non-coplanar unit vectors such that the angle between every pair of them is .
3
       p 2  2q2  r 2
If a  b  b  c  pa  qb  rc, where p, q and r are scalars, then the value of is
q2
[IIT Advance - 2014]

x  2 y 1 z  2
55. The distance of the point (1, 0, 2) from the point of intersection of the line   and the plane
3 4 12

x–y+z=16, is : [IIT Main - 2015]

(A) 13 (B) 2 14 (C) 8 (D) 3 21

26
56. The equation of the plane containing the line 2x – 5y + z = 3 ; x+ y + 4z = 5, and parallel to the plane,
x + 3y + 6z = 1, is : [IIT Main - 2015]
(A) 2x + 6y + 12z = – 13 (B) 2x + 6y + 12z = 13
(C) x + 3y + 6z = – 7 (D) x + 3y + 6z = 7

57.
  
Let a , b and c be three non-zero vectors such that no two of them are collinear and (a  b )  c =
  
__
1
3
    
| b | | c | a . If  is the angle between vectors b and c , then a value of sin  is [IIT Main - 2015]

(A)
–2 3
(B)
2 2
(C)
– 2
(D)
__
2
3 3 3 3

58. In 3, let L be a straight line passing through the origin. Suppose that all the points on L are at a constant
distance from the two planes P1 : x + 2y – z + 1 = 0 and P2 : 2x – y + z – 1 = 0. Let M be the locus of the
feet of the perpendiculars drawn from the points on L to the plane P1. Which of the following points lie(s) on
M? [IIT Advance - 2015]

 __
5 __2  __
1 1 1  __
5 1  __
1 __2
(A)  0,  ,   (B)   , ,  (C)   ,0,  (D)   ,0, 
 6 3  6 3 6  6 6  3 3

59. Let PQR be a triangle. Let a 

QR , b 
RP and c  PQ . If | a | 
12 , | b | 
4 3 and b . c  24 , then
which of the following is (are) true? [IIT Advance - 2015]

| c |2 | c |2
(A) – | a |  12 (B) |a|
30
2 2

(C) | a  b  c  a | 48 3 (D) a  b 

–72

60. In 3, consider the planes P1 : y = 0 and P2 : x + z = 1. Let P3 be a plane, different from P1 and P2, which
passes through the intersection of P1 and P2. If the distance of the point (0, 1, 0) from P3 is 1 and the
distance of a point (, , ) from P3 is 2, then which of the following relations is (are) true?
[IIT Advance - 2015]
(A) 2 +  + 2 + 2 = 0 (B) 2 –  + 2 + 4 = 0
(C) 2 +  – 2 + 10 = 0 (D) 2 –  + 2 – 8 = 0

61. Suppose that p , q and r are three non-coplanar vectors in 3. Let the components of a vector s along

 
p , q and r be 4, 3 and 5, respectively. If the components of this vector s along  p  q  r , p – q  r 
 
and  p – q  r are x, y and z, respectively, then the value of 2x + y + z is
[IIT Advance - 2015]
62. The distance of the point (1, –5, 9) from the plane x – y + z = 5 measured along the line x = y = z is :
10 20
(A) 3 10 (B) 10 3 (C) (D) [IIT Main - 2016]
3 3

63. If the line,

_____
x 3
=
_____
y2
=
_____
z4
lies in the plane, x + my – z = 9, then 2 + m2 is equal to :
2 1 3

(A) 26 (B) 18 (C) 5 (D) 2 [IIT Main - 2016]

27
64. Let a , b and c be three unit vectors such that a × b  c =   3
2
 
b  c . If b is not parallel to c ,

then the angle between a and b is : [IIT Main - 2016]

3  2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 3 6
65. Consider a pyramid OPQRS located in the first octant (x  0, y  0, z  0) with O as origin, and OP and OR
along the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively. The base OPQR of the pyramid is a square with OP = 3. The
point S is directly above the mid-point T of diagonal OQ such that TS = 3. Then [IIT Advance - 2016]

(A) the acute angle between OQ and OS is

__

3

(B) the equation of the plane containing the triangle OQS is x – y = 0

3
(C) the length of the perpendicular from P to the plane containing the triangle OQS is
2
15
(D) the perpendicular distance from O to the straight line containing RS is
2
66. Let P be the image of the point (3, 1, 7) with respect to the plane x – y + z = 3. Then the equation of the plane

passing through P and containing the straight line __ 

x y z
 is [IIT Advance - 2016]
1 2 1
(A) x + y – 3z = 0 (B) 3x + z = 0 (C) x – 4y + 7z = 0 (D) 2x – y = 0

 1
67. Let u  u1ˆi  u2 ˆj  u3kˆ be a unit vector in 3
and ŵ ( î  ĵ  2k̂ ) . Given that there exists a vector  in 3
6

such that û   1 and ŵ · (û  ) 1 . Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

[IIT Advance - 2016]

(A) There is exactly one choice for such  (B) There are infinitely many choices for such 

(C) If û lies in the xy-plane then |u1| = |u2| (D) If û lies in the xy-plane then 2|u1| = |u3|
       
68. b î  ĵ . Let c be a vector such that c – a = 3, (a  b)  c = 3 and the angle
Let a = 2 î  ĵ – 2k̂ and

    
between c and a  b be 30º. Then a ·c is equal to : [JEE Mains-2017]

__
1 __
25
(A) 5 (B) (C) (D) 2
8 8

69. If the image of the point P(1, – 2, 3) in the plane, 2x + 3y – 4z + 22 = 0 measured parallel to the line,

__
x y __

z
is Q, then PQ is equal to : [JEE Mains-2017]
1 4 5

(A) 42 (B) 6 5 (C) 3 5 (D) 2 42

28
70. The distance of the point (1, 3, –7) from the plane passing through the point (1, –1, –1), having normal

x____
– 1 y  2 z____
–4 ____
x – 2 ____
y  1 ____
z7
perpendicular to both the lines   and   , is :[JEE Mains-2017]
1 –2 3 2 –1 –1

5 10 20 10
(A) (B) (C) (D)
83 74 74 83

71. Let O be the origin and let PQR be an arbitary triangle. The point S is such that [IIT Advance - 2017]
           
OP.OQ  OR.OS  OR.OP  OQ.OS  OQ.OR  OP.OS
Then the triangle PQR has S as its
(A) incentre (B) orthocenter (C) circumcentre (D) centroid
72. The equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) and perpendicular to the planes 2x + y – 2z = 5
and 3x – 6y – 2z = 7, is : [IIT Advance - 2017]
(A) 14x + 2y + 15z = 31 (B) 14x + 2y – 15z = 1
(C) – 14x + 2y + 15z = 3 (D) 14x – 2y + 15z = 27
PARAGRAPH (Q.73 TO Q.74) [IIT Advance - 2017]
  
Let O be the origin, and OX, OY, OZ be three unit vectors in the directions of the sides QR,RP,PQ respectively

of a triange PQR.
73. | OX  OY |
(A) sin (Q + R) (B) sin (P + R) (C) sin 2R (D) sin(P + Q)

74. If the triangle PQR varies, then the minimum value of cos (P + Q) + cos (Q + R) + cos (R + P) is

3 3 5 5
(A) (B)  (C) (D) 
2 2 3 3

    
75. Let u be a vector coplanar with the vectors a  2iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ and b ˆj  kˆ . If u is perpendicular to a and

  2
u . b  24 , tjhen u is equal to : [JEE Mains-2018]

(A) 84 (B) 336 (C) 315 (D) 256

76. If L1 is the line of intersection of the planes 2x – 2y + 3z – 2 = 0, x – y + z + 1 = 0 and L2 is the line of
intersection of the planes x + 2y – z – 3 = 0, 3x – y + 2z – 1 = 0, then the distance of the origin from the plane,
containing the lines L1 and L2 is : [JEE Mains-2018]

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 2 3 2 2 2

77. The length of the projection of the line segement joining the points (5, – 1, 4) and (4, – 1, 3) on the plane,
x + y + z = 7 is [JEE Mains-2018]

2 2 2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

29
78. Let P1 : 2x + y – z = 3 and P2 : x + 2y + z = 2 be two planes. Then, which of the following statement(s) is
(are) TRUE? [JEE Advanced-2018]
(A) The line of intersection of P1 and P2 has direction ratios 1, 2, –1

(B) The line

______
3 x  4 _____

1  3 y __
z
 is perpendicular to the line of intersection of P and P2
9 9 3 1

(C) The acute angle between P1 and P2 is 60º

(D) If P3 is the plane passing through the point (4, 2, –2) and perpendicular to the line of intersection of P1 and
2
P2, then the distance of the point (2, 1, 1) from the plane P3 is
3
       
79.

 

Let a and b be two unit vectors such that a.b  0 . For some x, y   , let c  xa  yb  a  b . If | c | =2

  
and the vector c is inclined at the same angle  to a and b , then the value of 8 cos2  is _____________.
[JEE Advanced-2018]
80. Let P be a point in the first octant, whose image Q in the plane x + y = 3 (that is, the line segment PQ is
perpendicular to the plane x + y = 3 and the mid-point of PQ lies in the plane x + y = 3) lies on the z-axis. Let
the distance of P from the x-axis be 5. If R is the image of P in the xy-plane, then the length of PR is ______.
[JEE Advanced-2018]
81. Consider the cube in the first octant with sides OP, OQ and OR of length 1, along the x-axis, y-axis and

z-axis, respectively, where O(0, 0, 0) is the origin. Let S  _, _, _  be the centre of the cube and T be the
1 1 1
 2 2
2
     
vertex of the cube opposite to the origin O such that S lies on the diagonal OT. If p SP,
 q SQ,
 r SR and
   
 
 
t  ST , then the value of  p  q  r  t is __________. [JEE Advanced-2018]
82. Let L1 and L2 denote the lines
 ˆ
r  i  (– ˆi  2ˆj  2k)
ˆ ,   R and


r(2iˆ – ˆj  2k),
ˆ R

respectively. If L3 is a line which is perpendicular to both L1 and L2 and cuts both of them then which of the
following options describe(s) L3? [IIT Advanced - 2019]
 2 ˆ ˆ ˆ  t(2iˆ  2ˆj – k),
ˆ tR  2 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(A)r (2i – j  2k) (B)
r (4i  j  k)  t(2iˆ  2ˆj – k),
ˆ tR
9 9
  1 ˆ ˆ
(C)r t(2iˆ  2ˆj – k),
ˆ tR (D) 
r (2i  k)  t(2iˆ  2ˆj – k),
ˆ tR
3
83. Three lines are given by

r   ˆi,   R

r  (iˆ  ˆj),   R and

r  (iˆ  ˆj  k),
ˆ  R
Let the lines cut the plane x + y + z = 1 at the points A, B and C respectively. If the area of the triangle ABC
is  then the value of (6)2 equals_______ [IIT Advanced - 2019]

30
84. Three lines

L1 : r   ˆi,   R

L2 : r  kˆ  ˆj ,   R and

L3 : r  ˆi  ˆj  vkˆ , v  R
are given. For which point(s) Q on L2 can we find a point P on L1 and a point R on L3 so that P, Q and R are
collinear? [IIT Advanced - 2019]

__
1
(A) kˆ – ˆj (B) k̂
__
1
(C) kˆ  ˆj (D) kˆ  ˆj
2 2
    
85.  2iˆ  ˆj – kˆ and b ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ be two vectors. Consider a vector c  a  b, ,   R . If the projection
Let a
      
 
of c on the vector (a  b) is 3 2 , then the minimum value of c – (a  b) .c equals___.

[IIT Advanced - 2019]

86. Let L1 and L2 be the following straight lines.

  ____ and L ____

  ____
x  1 __
____ y z 1 x  1 __
y z 1
L1 : 2 :
1 1 3 3 1 1
Suppose the straight line
x____
 a y 1 z  
L:  
l m 2
lies in the plane containing L1 and L2, and passes through the point of intersection of L1 and L2. If the line L
bisects the acute angle between the lines L1 and L2, then which of the following statements is/are TRUE ?
[IIT Advanced - 2020]
(A)  –  = 3 (B) l + m = 2 (C)  – = 1 (D) l + m = 0
87. Let , , ,  be real numbers such that 2 +  2 + 2  0 and  +  = 1. Suppose the point (3, 2, –1) is the
mirror image of the point (1, 0, –1) with respect to the plane x + y + z =  Then which of the following
statements is/are TRUE? [IIT Advanced - 2020]
(A)  +  = 2 (B)  –  = 3 (C)  +  = 4 (D)  +  +  = 

  
        a. c  b
_______

a  
88. In a triangle PQR, 
let a QR,
 b RP andc PQ. If a  3, b  4 and       , then the value of
c. a  b ab  
 2
a  b is ___________. [IIT Advanced - 2020]

31
    1  
89.  OB 
Let O be the origin and OA  2i  2 j  k, i 2 j  2k and 
OC
2
 
OB  OA for some   0 . If

  __
9
| OB  OC | , then which of the following statements is (are) True ? [IIT Advanced - 2021]
2

 
(A) Projection of OC on OA is 
__
3
2

(B) Area of the triangle OAB

__
9
2

(C) Area of the triangle ABC is

__
9
2

  __

(D) The acute angle between the diagonals of the parallelogram with adjacent sides OA and OC is
3

Question Stem (Q.90 to Q.91) [IIT Advanced - 2021]

Let   and  be real numbers such that the system of linear equations
x + 2y + 3z = 
4x + 5y + 6z = 
7x + 8y + 9z =  – 1
is consistent. Let |M| represent the determinant of the matrix

  2 
M   1 0 
 –1 0 1

Let P be the plane containing all those (, , ) for which the above system of linear equations is consistent,
and D be the square of the distance of the point (0, 1, 0) from the plane P.

90. The value of |M| is________.

91. The value of D is______.

    
92. Let u,  and w be vectors in three-dimensional space, where u and  are unit vectors which are not
perpendicular to each other and
     
u w
 1,   w
 1, w  w
 4
  
If the volume of the parallelopiped, whose adjacent sides are represented by the vectors u,  and w , is 2,
 
then the value of | 3u  5  | is_________. [IIT Advanced - 2021]

32
 
 Ȃ
1. x = 2, y = 1 2. (b) externally in the ratio 1 : 3
4. (i) parallel (ii) the lines intersect at the point p.v.  2 i  2 j (iii) lines are skew
5. xx1 + yy1 = a 2
6. 28
__1 __1 1
8. x = 2, y = – 2, z = – 2 10. (a) i  j k 12. 34
2 2 2

11 3
14.  î  2ˆj  5k̂ 15. 16. (b)
3 2
17. (a) ± 3( î  2ˆj  2k̂ ), (b) y = 3 or y = – 1

5a 2 q 2  3)
q (______
18. 12 19. sq. units 20. p= ; decreasing in q  (–1, 1), q  0
12 3 4
 Ȃ
4 1 1 1
1. î  ĵ  k̂ 2.  (î  5 ĵ  k̂ ) 4. NO, NO
2 2 2 3 3
6 3 11
5. (i) 14 (ii) 6 (iii) 10 (iv) 6 6. 7 2 17
7 5 170

8. p.v. of R = r = 3i + 3k 11. 110
n
13.   n 
( 1) 
2
,n  I & 1 14. 
 = 2/3 ; if  = 0 then vector product is  60 2 i  k 
15. 
9  j  k  19.
 
F = 2a1  5a 2  3a 3

20.  = – 1,  = – 2,  = 3

      
21.
 a bc   
   b.c b
(b) p      a  c  b            
b. b c 
 a . c  a . b   a .b a .b     
         
 a  ( c. a ) c  b  c b  ( c. b) c  a  c
22. x  , y 
1  c2 1  c2
 Ȃ
x 1 y  2 z  3
1.  = 900 3. y + 2z = 4 6.  
2 2 3

x y z x y z 1 1 1 1
 2  2  2
17
7.   or   8. 2 9.
1 2 1 1 1  2 x y z p 2
x 1 y  2 z  3 x  4 y  14 z  4
10.   11.  
6 13 17 3 10 4
3 2x 2y z  3 
12. (a) ; (b)   = 1; (c)  0, , 0  ; (d) x = 2t + 2 ; y = 2t + 1 and z = – t + 3
2 3 3 3  2 

33
13. (1, –2, – 4) 14. __x  _y  __
z
 1 , Area = __
19
sq. unitss
2 3 5 2
x  2 _____
_____ y  1 _____
z3
15.   16. 2x + 3y + z + 4 = 0
11  10 2

17. p = 3, (2, 1, –3) ; x + y + z = 0 18.

_____
x  7 _____

y  2 _____

z 1
22 5 4
19. (a) 3 ; (b) x + y – 2z + 1 = 0; (c) x – 2y + z = 5; (d) /3; (e) 4 20. 2/3

21. _____
x  7 _____

y  2 _____

z  4 _____
;
x  7 _____

y  2 _____

z4
3 6 2 2 3 6

22. (9, 13, 15) ; 14 ; 9x – 4y – z = 14 23.

_____
x  4 y___

 1 _____

z7
9 1 3
24. x – 2y + 2z – 1 = 0; 2 units 25. 9/2
 Ȃ �

1. (a) B (b) A (c) A, C (a) c

 
3 a  2b (b) a b c 
  
__
b axb 2 
3. (a) (i) B (ii) A (iii) A 4. (i) + i ; (ii)     2 ; (iii) ;(iv) | M|  7
b2 (a  b ) 3

5. (a) __1 5 î  ĵ  7k̂ ,_1 ( î  7 ĵ  5k̂ );_1 1274 sq. units (b)  = 0,  = –2 + 29
2 2 2
 __5 17__ ĵ
6. (a)
 r 13 î  11ĵ  7k̂ ; (b) î  7. (a) B (b) C
7 7
9. (a) B ; (b) C 11. D 12. (i) x + y – 2z = 3 ; (ii) (6, 5, –2)
14. (a) B, (b) B, (c) A 15. (b) 9/2 cubic units

16. (a) B, (b) D ; (c) 2x – y + z – 3 = 0 and 62x + 29y + 19z – 105 = 0, (d) ŵ = v̂ – 2( â · v̂ ) â
17. (a) D; (b) A; (c) B ; (d) (i) D, (ii) A, (iii) B, C, (iv) D; (e) (i) B, (ii) D, (iii) C
18. (a) C; (b) B; (c) C; (d) D; (e) (A) R; (B) Q; (C) P; (D) S
19. (a) A; (b) A; (c) D; (d) (i) B; (ii) D; (iii) C
20. C 21. A 22. C
23. (A)  P ; (B)  Q, S ; (C)  Q, R, S, T ; (D)  R
24. (A)  Q, S, ; (B)  P, R, S, T ; (C)  T ; (D)  R
25. A 26. C 27. 5 28. 6 29. A 30. B
31. A – T ; B – P, R ; C – Q ; D – R 32. C 33. AD 34. 9
35. A 36. A 37. C 38. B, C 39. 3 40. D 41. D
42. D 43. C 44. D 45. B, D 46. A, D 47. C 48. A
49. 5 50. B 51. A 52. B 53. A, B, C 54. 4 55. A
56. D 57. B 58. A, B 59. A, C, D 60. B, D 61. BONUS
62. B 63. D 64. D 65. B, C, D 66. C 67. B,C
68. D 69. D 70. D 71. B 72. A 73. D 74. B
75. B 76. C 77. A 78. C,D 79. 3 80. 8 81. 0.5
82. A,B,D 83. 0.75 84. A,C 85. 18.00 86. AB 87. ABC 88. 108.00
89. A,B,C 90. 1.00 91. 1.50 92. 7.00

34